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<span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_of_Tiberias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_of_Tiberias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Siege of Tiberias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_of_Tiberias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surrender_of_crusaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surrender_of_crusaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Surrender of crusaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surrender_of_crusaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Aftermath subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crusader_battle_losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_battle_losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Crusader battle losses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_battle_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_kingdom_falls_to_Saladin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_kingdom_falls_to_Saladin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Crusader kingdom falls to Saladin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_kingdom_falls_to_Saladin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Significance_in_crusading_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Significance_in_crusading_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Significance in crusading history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Significance_in_crusading_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Hattin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prang_Hattin" title="Prang Hattin – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Prang Hattin" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Hattin" title="Schlacht bei Hattin – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Schlacht bei Hattin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="معركة حطين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة حطين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%83%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Հաթթինի Ճակատամարտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հաթթինի Ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_los_Cuernos_de_Hattin" title="Batalla de los Cuernos de Hattin – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Batalla de los Cuernos de Hattin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattin_d%C3%B6y%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Hattin döyüşü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hattin döyüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="حطین دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="حطین دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7" title="হিত্তিনের যুদ্ধ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিত্তিনের যুদ্ধ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Битка при Хатин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Хатин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Hattin" title="Batalla de Hattin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Hattin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Hatt%C3%ADnu" title="Bitva u Hattínu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Hattínu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brwydr_Hattin" title="Brwydr Hattin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brwydr Hattin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Hattin" title="Slaget ved Hattin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Hattin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Hattin" title="Schlacht bei Hattin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Hattin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A7%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Μάχη του Χαττίν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μάχη του Χαττίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_los_Cuernos_de_Hattin" title="Batalla de los Cuernos de Hattin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de los Cuernos de Hattin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalo_apud_Hattin" title="Batalo apud Hattin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Batalo apud Hattin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="نبرد حطین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد حطین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Hattin" title="Bataille de Hattin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Hattin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cath_Hattin" title="Cath Hattin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cath Hattin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%ED%8B%B4_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="하틴 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="하틴 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Հաթթինի ճակատամարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հաթթինի ճակատամարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_kod_Hattina" title="Bitka kod Hattina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bitka kod Hattina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Hittin" title="Pertempuran Hittin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Hittin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Hattin" title="Battaglia di Hattin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Hattin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קרב קרני חיטין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב קרני חיטין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ჰატინის ბრძოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰატინის ბრძოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eer%C3%AA_Het%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Şerê Hetînê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şerê Hetînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proelium_ad_cornua_Hattin_commissum" title="Proelium ad cornua Hattin commissum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Proelium ad cornua Hattin commissum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatino_m%C5%AB%C5%A1is" title="Hatino mūšis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hatino mūšis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatt%C3%ADni_csata" title="Hattíni csata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hattíni csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Битка кај Хатин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Хатин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%82" title="ഹിത്വീൻ യുദ്ധം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിത്വീൻ യുദ്ധം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86" title="معركة حطين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="معركة حطين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Hittin" title="Pertempuran Hittin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Hittin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Hattin" title="Slag bij Hattin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Hattin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%83%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ヒッティーンの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒッティーンの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Hattin" title="Slaget ved Hattin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Slaget ved Hattin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Hattin" title="Slaget ved Hattin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Slaget ved Hattin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Hattin" title="Batalha de Hattin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de Hattin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%84%DA%91%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="حطین دی لڑائی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="حطین دی لڑائی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Hittin" title="Bitwa pod Hittin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Hittin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Hatim" title="Batalha de Hatim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Hatim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Hattin" title="Bătălia de la Hattin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Hattin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Битва при Хаттине – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Хаттине" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagaalkii_xudiin" title="Dagaalkii xudiin – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dagaalkii xudiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AD%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جەنگی حەتین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جەنگی حەتین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Битка код Хитина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Битка код Хитина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perang_Hattin" title="Perang Hattin – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Perang Hattin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattinin_taistelu" title="Hattinin taistelu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hattinin taistelu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_vid_Hattin" title="Slaget vid Hattin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Slaget vid Hattin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ยุทธการที่ฮัททิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธการที่ฮัททิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1ttin_Muharebesi" title="Hıttin Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hıttin Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Битва на Рогах Хаттіна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва на Рогах Хаттіна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="جنگ حطین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنگ حطین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Hattin" title="Trận Hattin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Hattin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E4%B8%81%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Hattin&params=32_48_13_N_35_26_40_E_scale:10000_type:event_region:IL_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°48′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°26′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.80361°N 35.44444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.80361; 35.44444</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1187 Saladin victory over the Crusaders</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Horns_of_Hama" title="Battle of the Horns of Hama">Battle of the Horns of Hama</a>, Saladin's 1175 victory over the Zengids.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Hattin</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades#12th_century" title="Crusades">Wars of the Crusader States</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saladin_Guy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saladin_Guy.jpg/300px-Saladin_Guy.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saladin_Guy.jpg/450px-Saladin_Guy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Saladin_Guy.jpg/600px-Saladin_Guy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="528" /></a></span><br />The Battle of Hattin, from a 13th-century manuscript of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chronica_Majora" title="Chronica Majora">Chronica Majora</a></i> depicting the capture of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a> by Saladin.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>3–4 July 1187</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">Horns of Hattin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Hattin&params=32_48_13_N_35_26_40_E_scale:10000_type:event_region:IL_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°48′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°26′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.80361°N 35.44444°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.80361; 35.44444</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Ayyubid victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg/23px-Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg/35px-Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg/45px-Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tripoli" title="County of Tripoli">County of Tripoli</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg/23px-Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg/35px-Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg/46px-Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png/23px-Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png/35px-Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png/46px-Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Principality of Antioch</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Lazarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Lazarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Lazarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Lazarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Lazarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_Saint_Lazarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of St. Lazarus</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cross_of_order_of_mountjoy.svg/15px-Cross_of_order_of_mountjoy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cross_of_order_of_mountjoy.svg/23px-Cross_of_order_of_mountjoy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cross_of_order_of_mountjoy.svg/30px-Cross_of_order_of_mountjoy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Mountjoy" title="Order of Mountjoy">Order of Mountjoy</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saladin%27s_Standard.svg/23px-Saladin%27s_Standard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saladin%27s_Standard.svg/35px-Saladin%27s_Standard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saladin%27s_Standard.svg/45px-Saladin%27s_Standard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid Sultanate</a></b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a></b> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Raynald_of_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Raynald of Châtillon">Raynald of Châtillon</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_IV_of_Toron" title="Humphrey IV of Toron">Humphrey IV of Toron</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aimery_of_Cyprus" title="Aimery of Cyprus">Aimery of Lusignan</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Reginald_of_Sidon" title="Reginald of Sidon">Reginald of Sidon</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joscelin_III,_Count_of_Edessa" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscelin III, Count of Edessa">Joscelin III of Edessa</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Balian_of_Ibelin" title="Balian of Ibelin">Balian of Ibelin</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg/23px-Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg/35px-Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg/45px-Banner_of_Arms_of_the_House_of_Toulouse-Tripoli.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_III_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond III of Tripoli">Raymond III of Tripoli</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg/23px-Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg/35px-Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg/46px-Bandeira_Templ%C3%A1ria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Rideford" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard de Rideford">Gerard de Rideford</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Garnier_de_Nablus" title="Garnier de Nablus">Garnier de Nablus</a><br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png/23px-Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png/35px-Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png/46px-Banner_of_the_Principality_of_Antioch.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1300" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Raymond_IV,_Count_of_Tripoli" title="Raymond IV, Count of Tripoli">Raymond of Antioch</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saladin%27s_Standard.svg/23px-Saladin%27s_Standard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saladin%27s_Standard.svg/35px-Saladin%27s_Standard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Saladin%27s_Standard.svg/45px-Saladin%27s_Standard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a></b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kb%C3%B6ri" title="Gökböri">Muzaffar ad-Din Gökböri</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_Umar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muzaffar Umar">Al-Muzaffar Umar</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Adil_I" title="Al-Adil I">Al-Adil I</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ayyubid_Dynasty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Afdal_ibn_Salah_ad-Din" title="Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din">Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>18,000–20,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-Konstam133_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konstam133-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RileyS110_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RileyS110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1,200 knights<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>3,000 men-at-arms<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>500 turcopoles<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>15,000 infantry</li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p>20,000–40,000 men<sup id="cite_ref-Waterson126_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waterson126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RileyS110_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RileyS110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Konstam119_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Konstam119-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201582_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201582-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETibble2018317_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETibble2018317-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>12,000 regular cavalry<sup id="cite_ref-Waterson126_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waterson126-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>Most of the army </p> <hr />200 captured knights executed<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102–103_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102–103-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Captured turcopoles executed<sup id="cite_ref-Richard207_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard207-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Captured infantrymen enslaved<sup id="cite_ref-Newby_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newby-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Light, mostly spearmen and some archers<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015120_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015120-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/330px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Israel_relief_location_map.jpg/440px-Israel_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.581%;left:67.094%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Battle of Hattin"><img alt="Battle of Hattin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a 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class="nobold">(1169–1254)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1169)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Damietta (1169)">1st Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ayla" title="Siege of Ayla">Ayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1174)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1174)">Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Montgisard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hama_(1178)" title="Battle of Hama (1178)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banias" title="Battle of Banias">Banias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Ayyun" title="Battle of Marj Ayyun">Marj Ayyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">Jacob's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Acre_(1179)" title="Attack on Acre (1179)">1st Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_raids_on_the_Red_Sea" title="Crusader raids on the Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Battle of Belvoir Castle">1st Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Fule" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Fule">Al-Fule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak" title="Siege of Kerak">1st Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak_(1187%E2%80%931188)" title="Siege of Kerak (1187–1188)">2nd Kerak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">1st Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)" title="Siege of Tyre (1187)">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Siege of Belvoir Castle">2nd Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Laodicea_(1188)" title="Siege of Laodicea (1188)">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sahyun_Castle" title="Siege of Sahyun Castle">Sahyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Shughur" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Al-Shughur">Al-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourzey_Castle" title="Siege of Bourzey Castle">Bourzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1188)" title="Siege of Safed (1188)">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">2nd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1192)">1st Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1197)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1197)">2nd Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toron" title="Siege of Toron">Toron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Tabor" title="Siege of Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machghara" title="Battle of Machghara">Machghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1218%E2%80%931219)" title="Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)">2nd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">1st Fariskur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Limassol" title="Attack on Limassol">Limassol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">1st Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Gaza_(1239)" title="Battle at Gaza (1239)">1st Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">2nd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forbie" title="Battle of Forbie">2nd Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)" title="Siege of Ascalon (1247)">Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1249)" title="Siege of Damietta (1249)">3rd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1250)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1250)">2nd Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1250)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1250)">2nd Fariskur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crusades:_battles_in_the_Levant_(1096–1303)" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Template:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Crusades_Battles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Crusades Battles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crusades:_battles_in_the_Levant_(1096–1303)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>: battles in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> (1096–1303)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Xerigordos" title="Siege of Xerigordos">Xerigordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Civetot" title="Battle of Civetot">Civetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea" title="Siege of Nicaea">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1097)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)">1st Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch" title="Siege of Antioch">1st Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Samosata" title="Expedition to Samosata">Samosata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Antioch_(1098)" title="Battle of Antioch (1098)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ma%27arra" title="Siege of Ma'arra">Ma'arra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_from_Antioch_to_Jerusalem_during_the_First_Crusade" title="March from Antioch to Jerusalem during the First Crusade">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1099)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1099)">1st Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ascalon" title="Battle of Ascalon">1st Ascalon</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-First Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_siege_of_Arsuf" title="First siege of Arsuf">Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Melitene" title="Battle of Melitene">Melitene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mersivan" title="Battle of Mersivan">Mersivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101#The_Nivernois" title="Crusade of 1101">1st Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_1101#The_French_and_Bavarians" title="Crusade of 1101">2nd Heraclea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1101)" title="Battle of Ramla (1101)">1st Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1102)" title="Battle of Ramla (1102)">2nd Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli" title="Siege of Tripoli">1st Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1103)" title="Siege of Acre (1103)">1st Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1104)" title="Siege of Acre (1104)">2nd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harran" title="Battle of Harran">Harran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramla_(1105)" title="Battle of Ramla (1105)">3rd Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Artah" title="Battle of Artah">Artah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut_(1110)" title="Siege of Beirut (1110)">Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sidon" title="Siege of Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1111%E2%80%931112)" title="Siege of Tyre (1111–1112)">1st Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaizar" title="Battle of Shaizar">1st Shaizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Sannabra" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Sannabra">Al-Sannabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarmin" title="Battle of Sarmin">Sarmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ager_Sanguinis" title="Battle of Ager Sanguinis">Ager Sanguinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hab" title="Battle of Hab">Hab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Crusade" title="Venetian Crusade">Jaffa and 2nd Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yibneh" title="Battle of Yibneh">Yibneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1124)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1124)">1st Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Azaz_(1125)" title="Battle of Azaz (1125)">Azaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_al-Saffar_(1126)" title="Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1126)">Marj al-Saffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Atharib_(1130)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Atharib (1130)">al-Atharib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafaniyya" title="Battle of Rafaniyya">Rafaniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zengid_campaign_against_Antioch" title="Zengid campaign against Antioch">Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qinnasrin" title="Battle of Qinnasrin">Qinnasrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ba%27rin" title="Battle of Ba'rin">Ba'rin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Aleppo_(1138)" title="Siege of Aleppo (1138)">2nd Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shaizar" title="Siege of Shaizar">2nd Shaizar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1144)" title="Siege of Edessa (1144)">Edessa 1144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Edessa_(1146)" title="Siege of Edessa (1146)">Edessa 1146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(1147)" title="Battle of Bosra (1147)">Bosra</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Constantinople_(1147)" title="Battle of Constantinople (1147)">1st Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dorylaeum_(1147)" title="Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)">2nd Dorylaeum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ephesus_(1147)" title="Battle of Ephesus (1147)">Ephesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Meander" title="Battle of the Meander">Meander Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Cadmus" title="Battle of Mount Cadmus">Mount Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damascus_(1148)" title="Siege of Damascus (1148)">Damascus</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-Second Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inab" title="Battle of Inab">Inab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aintab" title="Battle of Aintab">Aintab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon" title="Siege of Ascalon">2nd Ascalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Huleh_(1157)" title="Battle of Lake Huleh (1157)">Lake Huleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Butaiha" title="Battle of Butaiha">Butaiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Buqaia" title="Battle of al-Buqaia">al-Buqaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harim" title="Battle of Harim">Harim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bilbeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Bilbeis">1st Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Babein" title="Battle of al-Babein">al-Babein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1167)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1167)">1st Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Bilbeis" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Bilbeis">2nd Bilbeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1169)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Damietta (1169)">1st Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ayla" title="Siege of Ayla">Ayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1174)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1174)">2nd Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Montgisard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hama_(1178)" title="Battle of Hama (1178)">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banias" title="Battle of Banias">Banias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Ayyun" title="Battle of Marj Ayyun">Marj Ayyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" title="Siege of Jacob's Ford">Jacob's Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Acre_(1179)" title="Attack on Acre (1179)">3rd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusader_raids_on_the_Red_Sea" title="Crusader raids on the Red Sea">Red Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Battle of Belvoir Castle">1st Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Fule" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Fule">Al-Fule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak" title="Siege of Kerak">1st Kerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Cresson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kerak_(1187%E2%80%931188)" title="Siege of Kerak (1187–1188)">2nd Kerak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hattin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">2nd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)" title="Siege of Tyre (1187)">3rd Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Siege of Belvoir Castle">2nd Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Laodicea_(1188)" title="Siege of Laodicea (1188)">Laodicea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sahyun_Castle" title="Siege of Sahyun Castle">Sahyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Al-Shughur" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Al-Shughur">Al-Shughur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bourzey_Castle" title="Siege of Bourzey Castle">Bourzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1188)" title="Siege of Safed (1188)">Safed</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1189%E2%80%931191)" title="Siege of Acre (1189–1191)">4th Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philomelion_(1190)" title="Battle of Philomelion (1190)">Philomelion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iconium_(1190)" title="Battle of Iconium (1190)">Iconium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">1st Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1192)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1192)">1st Jaffa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Period post-Third Crusade</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaffa_(1197)" title="Battle of Jaffa (1197)">2nd Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toron" title="Siege of Toron">Toron</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Zara" title="Siege of Zara">Zara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(1203)" title="Siege of Constantinople (1203)">2nd Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Constantinople" title="Sack of Constantinople">3rd Constantinople</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">Fifth Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mount_Tabor" title="Siege of Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Machghara" title="Battle of Machghara">Machghara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1218%E2%80%931219)" title="Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)">2nd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">1st Fariskur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1221)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1221)">1st Mansurah</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">Sixth Crusade</a> and aftermath</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Gaza_(1239)" title="Battle at Gaza (1239)">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1244)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1244)">3rd Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Forbie" title="Battle of Forbie">Forbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ascalon_(1247)" title="Siege of Ascalon (1247)">3rd Ascalon</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">Seventh Crusade</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1249)" title="Siege of Damietta (1249)">3rd Damietta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mansurah_(1250)" title="Battle of Mansurah (1250)">2nd Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1250)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1250)">2nd Fariskur</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Outremer" title="Fall of Outremer">End of the Crusader states in the Levant</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Arsuf" title="Fall of Arsuf">2nd Arsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Caesarea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of Caesarea">Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Haifa_(1265)" title="Fall of Haifa (1265)">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Safed_(1266)" title="Siege of Safed (1266)">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Antioch_(1268)" title="Siege of Antioch (1268)">2nd Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">Eighth Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Fall of Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1271)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1271)">2nd Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_Crusade" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Edward's Crusade">Lord Edward's Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Homs" title="Second Battle of Homs">Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Margat" title="Siege of Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tripoli_(1289)" title="Fall of Tripoli (1289)">3rd Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">4th Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Ruad" title="Fall of Ruad">Ruad</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Hattin</b> took place on 4 July 1187, between the <a href="/wiki/Crusader_states" title="Crusader states">Crusader states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> and the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a> sultan <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. It is also known as the <b>Battle of the Horns of Hattin</b>, due to the shape of the nearby extinct volcano of <a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">that name</a>. </p><p>The Muslim armies under Saladin captured or killed the vast majority of the Crusader forces, removing their capability to wage war.<sup id="cite_ref-Madden2000_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madden2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a direct result of the battle, Muslims once again became the eminent military power in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">re-capturing Jerusalem</a> and most of the other Crusader-held cities and castles.<sup id="cite_ref-Madden2000_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madden2000-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Christian defeats prompted the <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a>, which began two years after the Battle of Hattin. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hittin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hittin.jpg/220px-Hittin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hittin.jpg/330px-Hittin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hittin.jpg/440px-Hittin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Horns of Hattin, 2005, as viewed from the east</figcaption></figure> <p>The battle took place near <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a> in present-day Israel. The battlefield, near the village of <a href="/wiki/Hittin" title="Hittin">Hittin</a>, had as its chief geographic feature a double hill (the "<a href="/wiki/Horns_of_Hattin" title="Horns of Hattin">Horns of Hattin</a>") beside a pass through the northern mountains between Tiberias and the road from <a href="/wiki/Akko" class="mw-redirect" title="Akko">Acre</a> to the east. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road">Roman road</a>, known to the Arabs as Darb al-Hawarnah, served as the main east–west passage between the Jordan fords, the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> coast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a> became <a href="/wiki/King_of_Jerusalem" title="King of Jerusalem">king of Jerusalem</a> in 1186, <a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">in right of his wife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sibylla,_Queen_of_Jerusalem" title="Sibylla, Queen of Jerusalem">Sibylla</a>, after the death of her son <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_V_of_Jerusalem" title="Baldwin V of Jerusalem">Baldwin V</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a> was divided between the "court faction" of Guy, consisting of Sibylla and relative newcomers to the kingdom such as <a href="/wiki/Raynald_of_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Raynald of Châtillon">Raynald of Châtillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Ridefort" title="Gerard of Ridefort">Gerard of Ridefort</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>; versus the "nobles' faction", led by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_III_of_Tripoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond III of Tripoli">Raymond III of Tripoli</a>, who had been a regent for the child-king Baldwin V and had opposed Guy's succession. Raymond III of Tripoli had supported the claim of Sibylla's half-sister <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Jerusalem" title="Isabella I of Jerusalem">Isabella</a> and Isabella's husband, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_IV_of_Toron" title="Humphrey IV of Toron">Humphrey IV of Toron</a>, and led the rival faction to the court party. Open warfare was prevented only by Humphrey of Toron swearing allegiance to Guy, which ended the succession dispute. The Muslim chronicler <a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Athir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali ibn al-Athir">Ali ibn al-Athir</a> claimed that Raymond was in a "state of open rebellion" against Guy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the background of those divisions, Saladin had become <a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Fatimid_Caliphate)" title="Vizier (Fatimid Caliphate)">vizier of Egypt</a> in 1169 and had taken <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> in 1174 and <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a> in 1183. He controlled the entire southern and eastern flanks of the crusader states. He united his subjects under <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> and convinced them that he would wage <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">holy war</a> to push the Christian Franks from Jerusalem. Saladin often made strategic truces with the Franks when he needed to deal with political problems in the Muslim world, and one such truce was made in 1185. </p><p>It was rumoured by the Franks that Raymond III of Tripoli had made an agreement with Saladin under which Saladin would make him King of Jerusalem in return for peace. That rumour was echoed by Ibn al Athir, whether that was true is unclear. Raymond III was certainly reluctant to engage in battle with Saladin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1187 Raynald of Châtillon raided a Muslim <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> caravan while the truce with Saladin was still in place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton2000225_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton2000225-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saladin swore that he would kill Raynald for violating the truce, and he sent his son <a href="/wiki/Al-Afdal_ibn_Salah_ad-Din" title="Al-Afdal ibn Salah ad-Din">Al-Afdal</a> and the emir <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kb%C3%B6ri" title="Gökböri">Gökböri</a> to raid the Frankish lands surrounding <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a>. Gerard de Ridefort and the Templars engaged Gökböri in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Battle of Cresson</a> in May 1187 and were heavily defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Templars lost around 150 knights and 300 foot-soldiers, who had made up a great part of the military of Jerusalem. Jonathan Phillips states that "the damage to Frankish morale and the scale of the losses should not be underestimated in contributing towards the defeat at Hattin".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July, Saladin laid siege to <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>, where Raymond III's wife, <a href="/wiki/Eschiva_of_Bures" title="Eschiva of Bures">Eschiva of Bures</a>, was trapped. In spite of that, Raymond argued that Guy should not engage Saladin in battle and that Saladin could not hold Tiberias because his troops would not stand to be away from their families for so long. The <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> also advised Guy not to provoke Saladin. </p><p>Gerard de Ridefort however advised Guy to advance against Saladin, and Guy took his advice. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Housley" title="Norman Housley">Norman Housley</a> suggests that that was because "the minds of both men had been so poisoned by the political conflict 1180-1187 that they could only see Raymond's advice as designed to bring them personal ruin" and also because he had spent <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>'s donations in calling the army and was reluctant to disband it without a battle.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That was a gamble on Guy's part, as he had left only a few knights to defend the city of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman464_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman464-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siege_of_Tiberias">Siege of Tiberias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Siege of Tiberias"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late May, Saladin assembled the largest army he had ever commanded on the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>, around 40,000 men including about 12,000 regular cavalry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201582_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201582-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosler201854_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosler201854-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETibble2018317_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETibble2018317-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He inspected his forces at <a href="/wiki/Tell-Ashtara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell-Ashtara">Tell-Ashtara</a> before crossing the River Jordan on 30 June.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201582_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201582-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saladin had also unexpectedly gained the alliance of the <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> community based in Sarahmul led by Jamal ad-Din Hajji, whose father Karama was an age-old ally of <a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_Zangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din Zangi">Nur ad-Din Zangi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city of Sarahmul had been sacked by the crusaders on various occasions and according to Jamal ad-Din Hajji the crusaders even manipulated the <a href="/wiki/Hashshashin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashshashin">Assassins</a> to kill his three elder brothers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Saladin's army was organised as a centre and two wings: Gökböri commanded the left of the army, Saladin himself commanded the centre and his nephew, Al-Muzaffar Umar (Taki ad-Din), the right.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The opposing Crusader army amassed at <a href="/wiki/Zippori" class="mw-redirect" title="Zippori">La Saphorie</a>, a well-watered position with a small castle,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which had previously served as a mustering point in the event of Muslim intrusions from the east. On this occasion the Crusader force consisted of around 18,000–20,000 men, including 1,200 knights from Jerusalem and Tripoli and 50 from Antioch. Though the army was smaller than Saladin's it was still larger than those usually mustered by the Crusaders.<sup id="cite_ref-RileyS110_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RileyS110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usual levy of those who owed feudal service was extended, on this occasion of extreme threat, to include a call to arms of all able-bodied men in the kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After reconciling, Raymond and Guy met at Acre with the bulk of the Crusader army. According to some European sources, aside from the knights there were a greater number of lighter cavalry, and perhaps 10,000 foot soldiers, supplemented by crossbowmen from the Italian merchant fleet, and a large number of mercenaries (including indigenous <a href="/wiki/Turcopoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcopoles">Turcopoles</a>) hired with money donated to the kingdom by <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II, King of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army's <a href="/wiki/Military_standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Military standard">standard</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a> of the <a href="/wiki/True_Cross" title="True Cross">True Cross</a>, carried by the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Catholic_Diocese_of_Acre" title="Latin Catholic Diocese of Acre">Bishop of Acre</a>, who was sent on behalf of the ailing <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem">Patriarch Heraclius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RileyS110_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RileyS110-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saladin decided to lure Guy into moving his field army away from their secure fortified encampment, located by the <a href="/wiki/Well_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Well spring">springs</a> at <a href="/wiki/Saffuriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffuriya">La Saphorie</a> (an important local source of water). He calculated the Crusaders could be defeated more easily in a <a href="/wiki/Field_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Field battle">field battle</a> than by <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieging</a> their fortifications. On 2 July Saladin personally led an assault on Raymond's fortress of Tiberias, while the main Muslim army remained at <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Sabt" title="Kafr Sabt">Kafr Sabt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201583_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201583-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garrison at Tiberias tried to <a href="/wiki/Bribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bribe">bribe</a> Saladin to leave the castle undisturbed, but he refused, later stating that "when the people realized they had an opponent who could not be tricked and would not be contented with tribute, they were afraid lest war might eat them up and they asked for quarter<span class="nowrap"> </span>... but the servant gave the sword dominion over them."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Inline_citation#When_you_must_use_inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Inline citation"><span title="The text near this tag needs a citation. (July 2019)">This quote needs a citation</span></a></i>]</sup> Within a day, one of the fortress' towers was <a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">mined</a> and collapsed. Saladin's troops stormed the breach, killing some of the opposing force and taking prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201586_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201586-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raymond's wife <a href="/wiki/Eschiva_of_Bures" title="Eschiva of Bures">Eschiva of Bures</a> held out with the surviving Frankish troops in the <a href="/wiki/Citadel" title="Citadel">citadel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201586_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201586-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the Muslim troops began to construct a second mine to attack the citadel on 3 July, Saladin received news that Guy was moving the Frankish army east. The Crusaders had taken the bait. Guy's decision to leave La Saphorie was the result of a Crusader war council held on the night of 2 July. Records of this meeting are biased due to personal feuds among the Franks, but it seems Raymond argued that a march from Acre to Tiberias was exactly what Saladin wanted while <a href="/wiki/Sephoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephoria">La Saphorie</a> was a strong position for the Crusaders to defend. Raymond also claimed Guy shouldn't worry about Tiberias, which Raymond held personally and was willing to give up for the safety of the kingdom. In response to this argument, and despite their reconciliation (internal court politics remaining strong), Raymond was accused of cowardice by Gerard and Raynald. This led Guy to resolve on an immediate <a href="/wiki/Counter-attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-attack">counter-attack</a> against Saladin at Tiberias.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201586_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201586-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hattin-map-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hattin-map-fr.svg/450px-Hattin-map-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hattin-map-fr.svg/675px-Hattin-map-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Hattin-map-fr.svg/900px-Hattin-map-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption>Movement of troops to the battle (Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in <i>black</i> and Muslim in <i>green</i>). <b>Fontaine</b>- (<i>Spring</i>). <b>Djebel</b>- (<i>Mount</i>). <b>Tiberiade</b>- (<i>Tiberias</i>). <b>Lac de Tiberiade</b>- (<i>Lake Tiberias</i>). <b>Cafsarsset</b>- (<i>Kafr Sabt</i>).</figcaption></figure> <p>On 3 July the Frankish army started out towards Tiberias, harassed constantly by Muslim archers. They passed the Springs of Turan, which were entirely insufficient to provide the army with water. At midday, Raymond of Tripoli decided that the army would not reach Tiberias by nightfall, and he and Guy agreed to change the course of the march and veer to the left in the direction of the Springs of Kafr Hattin, only 6 miles (9.7 km) away. From there they could march down to Tiberias the following day. The Muslims positioned themselves between the Frankish army and the water so that the Franks were forced to pitch camp overnight on the arid plateau near the village of Meskenah. The Muslims surrounded the camp so closely that "a cat could not have escaped". According to Ibn al Athir, the Franks were "despondent, tormented by thirst" whilst Saladin's men were jubilant in anticipation of their victory.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the night, the Muslims further demoralized the crusaders by praying, singing, beating drums, showing symbols, and chanting. They set fire to the dry grass, making the crusaders' throats even drier.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman458_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman458-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crusaders were thirsty, demoralized and exhausted. The Muslim army, by contrast, had a caravan of camels bring goatskins of water up from Lake Tiberias (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg/220px-Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg/330px-Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg/440px-Gustave_Dor%C3%A9-_Battle_of_Hattin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="602" /></a><figcaption>Battle of Hattin (<a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>On the morning of 4 July the crusaders were blinded by smoke from the fires set by Saladin's forces. The Franks came under fire from Muslim <a href="/wiki/Mounted_archery" title="Mounted archery">mounted archers</a> from the division commanded by Gökböri, who had been resupplied with 400 loads of arrows that had been brought up during the night. Gerard and Raynald advised Guy to form battle lines and attack, which was done by Guy's brother Amalric. Raymond led the first division with Raymond of Antioch, the son of Bohemund III of Antioch, while Balian and Joscelin III of Edessa formed the rearguard.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirsty and demoralized, the crusaders broke camp and changed direction for the springs of Hattin, but their ragged approach was attacked by Saladin's army, which blocked the route forward and any possible retreat. Count Raymond launched two charges in an attempt to break through to the water supply at Lake Tiberias. The second of these enabled him to reach the lake and make his way to Tyre.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Raymond escaped, Guy's position was now even more desperate. Most of the Christian infantry had effectively deserted by fleeing <a href="/wiki/En_masse" class="mw-redirect" title="En masse">en masse</a> onto the Horns of Hattin, where they played no further part in the battle. Overwhelmed by thirst and wounds, many of Guy's soldiers were killed on the spot without resistance while the remainder were taken prisoner. Their plight was such that five of Raymond's knights went over to the Muslim leaders to beg that they be mercifully put to death.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman458_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman458-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guy attempted to pitch the tents again to block the Muslim cavalry. The Christian knights and mounted <a href="/wiki/Sergeant#History" title="Sergeant">serjeants</a> were disorganized, but still fought on.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman458_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman458-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Now the crusaders were surrounded and, despite three desperate charges on Saladin's position, were broken up and defeated. An eyewitness account of this is given by Saladin's 17-year-old son, al-Afdal. It is quoted by Muslim chronicler Ibn al-Athir:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>When the king of the Franks [Guy] was on the hill with that band, they made a formidable charge against the Muslims facing them, so that they drove them back to my father [Saladin]. I looked towards him and he was overcome by grief and his complexion pale. He took hold of his beard and advanced, crying out "Give the lie to the Devil!" The Muslims rallied, returned to the fight, and climbed the hill. When I saw that the Franks withdrew, pursued by the Muslims, I shouted for joy, "We have beaten them!" But the Franks rallied and charged again like the first time and drove the Muslims back to my father. He acted as he had done on the first occasion and the Muslims turned upon the Franks and drove them back to the hill. I again shouted, "We have beaten them!" but my father rounded on me and said, "Be quiet! We have not beaten them until that tent [Guy's] falls." As he was speaking to me, the tent fell. The sultan dismounted, prostrated himself in thanks to God Almighty, and wept for joy.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surrender_of_crusaders">Surrender of crusaders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Surrender of crusaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saladin_and_Guy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saladin_and_Guy.jpg/220px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saladin_and_Guy.jpg/330px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Saladin_and_Guy.jpg/440px-Saladin_and_Guy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Modern interpretation of Saladin accepting the surrender of <a href="/wiki/Guy_of_Lusignan" title="Guy of Lusignan">Guy of Lusignan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Prisoners after the battle included Guy, his brother <a href="/wiki/Amalric_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalric II">Amalric II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raynald_of_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Raynald of Châtillon">Raynald de Chatillon</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_V_of_Montferrat" class="mw-redirect" title="William V of Montferrat">William V of Montferrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Ridefort" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerard de Ridefort">Gerard de Ridefort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_IV_of_Toron" title="Humphrey IV of Toron">Humphrey IV of Toron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Jabala" title="Hugh of Jabala">Hugh of Jabala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plivain" title="Plivain">Plivain of Botron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Gibelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh of Gibelet">Hugh of Gibelet</a>, and other barons of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Guy of Lusignan and Raynald of Chatillon were brought to Saladin's tent. Saladin offered Guy water, which was a sign in <a href="/wiki/Muslim_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim culture">Muslim culture</a> that the prisoner would be spared, but Guy was unaware of that. Guy passed the goblet to Raynald, but Saladin struck it from his hands and said, "I did not ask this evil man to drink, and he would not save his life by doing so". He then charged Raynald with breaking the truce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some reports, such as that of Baha al-Din, claim that Saladin himself then executed Raynald with a single stroke of his sword. Others record that Saladin struck Raynald as a sign to his bodyguards to behead him. Guy assumed that he would also be beheaded, but Saladin assured him that "kings do not kill kings."<sup id="cite_ref-utub_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-utub-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Newby_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newby-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_battle_losses">Crusader battle losses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Crusader battle losses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The True Cross was supposedly fixed upside down on a lance and sent to Damascus.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman460_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman460-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Crusader king, Guy of Lusignan, was taken to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> as a prisoner and granted release in 1188, while the other noble captives were eventually ransomed.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After executing Raynald of Chatillon, Saladin ordered that the other captive barons be spared and treated humanely. All 200<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015103_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015103-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Templar and Hospitaller Knights taken prisoner were executed on Saladin's orders, with the exception of the Grand Master of the Temple.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman460_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman460-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The executions were by decapitation. <a href="/wiki/Nicasius_of_Sicily" title="Nicasius of Sicily">Saint Nicasius</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Hospitaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Hospitaller">Knight Hospitaller</a> later venerated as a Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a>, is said to have been one of the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Imad_ad-Din_al-Isfahani" class="mw-redirect" title="Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani">Imad ed-Din</a>, Saladin's secretary, wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>Saladin ordered that they should be beheaded, choosing to have them dead rather than in prison. With him was a whole band of scholars and <a href="/wiki/Sufis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufis">sufis</a> and a certain number of devout men and ascetics; each begged to be allowed to kill one of them, and drew his sword and rolled back his sleeve. Saladin, his face joyful, was sitting on his <a href="/wiki/Dais" title="Dais">dais</a>; the unbelievers showed black despair.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Captured <a href="/wiki/Turcopoles" class="mw-redirect" title="Turcopoles">turcopoles</a> (locally recruited mounted archers employed by the crusader states) were also executed on <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>'s orders. Though the prisoners claimed to be Christians <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">by heritage</a>, Saladin believed the turcopoles to be <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">Christian converts from Islam</a>, which was punishable by death under the form of Islamic jurisprudence followed by the Ayyubid state.<sup id="cite_ref-Richard207_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richard207-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern historians have corroborated Saladin's belief that the turcopoles in the Ayyubid–Crusader wars were mostly recruited from converted Turks and Arabs.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rest of the captured knights and soldiers were sold into slavery, and one was reportedly bought in Damascus in exchange for some sandals.<sup id="cite_ref-Newby_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newby-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high-ranking Frankish barons captured were held in Damascus and treated well.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman460_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman460-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Saladin's men left the army after the battle, taking lower-ranking Frankish prisoners with them as slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Runciman460_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Runciman460-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_kingdom_falls_to_Saladin">Crusader kingdom falls to Saladin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crusader kingdom falls to Saladin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On Sunday 5 July Saladin marched the six miles (10km) to Tiberias, and Countess Eschiva surrendered the citadel of the fortress. She was allowed to leave for Tripoli with all of her family, followers, and possessions.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raymond of Tripoli, having escaped the battle, died of <a href="/wiki/Pleurisy" title="Pleurisy">pleurisy</a> later in 1187.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fielding an army of 20,000 men, the Crusaders had reduced the garrisons of their castles and fortified settlements. The heavy defeat at Hattin meant there was little reserve with which to defend against Saladin's forces.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only some 200 knights escaped the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The importance of the defeat is demonstrated by the fact that in its aftermath, fifty-two<sup id="cite_ref-e135_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e135-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> towns and fortifications were captured by Saladin's forces.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By mid-September, Saladin had taken <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaffa,_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaffa, Israel">Jaffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toron" title="Toron">Toron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ascalon</a>. Tyre was saved by the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Montferrat" title="Conrad of Montferrat">Conrad of Montferrat</a>, resulting in Saladin's <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tyre_(1187)" title="Siege of Tyre (1187)">siege of Tyre</a> being repulsed with heavy losses. Jerusalem was defended by Queen Sibylla, Latin Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Patriarch_Heraclius_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch Heraclius of Jerusalem">Heraclius of Jerusalem</a>, and Balian, who subsequently negotiated its surrender to Saladin on 2 October (see <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">Siege of Jerusalem</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-e135_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-e135-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Significance_in_crusading_history">Significance in crusading history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Significance in crusading history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the chronicler <a href="/wiki/Ernoul" title="Ernoul">Ernoul</a>, news of the defeat brought to Rome by <a href="/wiki/Joscius,_Archbishop_of_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre">Joscius, Archbishop of Tyre</a> caused <a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_III" title="Pope Urban III">Pope Urban III</a> to die of shock.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urban's successor, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VIII" title="Pope Gregory VIII">Pope Gregory VIII</a>, issued the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">bull</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Audita_tremendi" title="Audita tremendi">Audita tremendi</a></i> calling for a new crusade within days of his election. In England and France, the <a href="/wiki/Saladin_tithe" title="Saladin tithe">Saladin tithe</a> was enacted to raise funds for the new crusade.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The subsequent <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Third Crusade</a> did not get underway until 1189, but was a very successful military operation through which many Christian holdings were restored. Nonetheless, Christian control over territories in the Holy Land remained vulnerable for decades until the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_La_Forbie" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of La Forbie">Battle of La Forbie</a> of 1244, 57 years after the Battle of Hattin, which marked the final collapse of Crusader military power in <a href="/wiki/Outremer" class="mw-redirect" title="Outremer">Outremer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a succession of related campaigns that led up to the Battle of Hattin, on 3–4 July 1187: </p> <ul><li>1177: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard" title="Battle of Montgisard">Battle of Montgisard</a></li> <li>1179: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Ayyun" title="Battle of Marj Ayyun">Battle of Marj Ayyun</a></li> <li>1179: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jacob%27s_Ford" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jacob's Ford">Battle of Jacob's Ford</a></li> <li>1182: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Belvoir_Castle" title="Battle of Belvoir Castle">Battle of Belvoir Castle</a></li> <li>1183: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Fule_(1183)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Al-Fule (1183)">Battle of Al-Fule</a></li> <li>1187: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cresson" title="Battle of Cresson">Battle of Cresson</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://blog.metmuseum.org/penandparchment/exhibition-images/cat410r3c_49h/">https://blog.metmuseum.org/penandparchment/exhibition-images/cat410r3c_49h/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolle (2011). pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ija3CwAAQBAJ&q=Muzaffar">22-23, 27, 29, 52</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolle (2011). pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ija3CwAAQBAJ&q=Afdal">22, 23</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Konstam133-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Konstam133_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKonstam2004">Konstam 2004</a>, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RileyS110-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RileyS110_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RileyS110_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RileyS110_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RileyS110_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiley-Smith2005">Riley-Smith 2005</a>, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolle (1993). p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolle (1993). p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadden2005">Madden 2005</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waterson126-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waterson126_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waterson126_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Waterson (2010), p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Konstam119-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Konstam119_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKonstam2004">Konstam 2004</a>, p. 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201582-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201582_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201582_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201582_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETibble2018317-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETibble2018317_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETibble2018317_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTibble2018">Tibble 2018</a>, p. 317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102–103-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102–103_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, pp. 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richard207-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richard207_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richard207_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard (1999). p. 207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newby-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newby_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newby_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newby_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Newby (1992).<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Hattin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015120-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015120_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madden2000-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Madden2000_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Madden2000_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMadden2000">Madden 2000</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabrieli (1989). "Events preceding Hittin", recounted by Ibn al-'Athir in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_History" title="The Complete History">The Complete History</a></i>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LRWAAAAYAAJ&q=Events+preceding+Hittin">114</a> ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamilton2000225-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamilton2000225_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamilton2000">Hamilton 2000</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholson and Nicolle, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Crusades 1095-1197, Jonathan Phillips, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/norman-housley/saladins-triumph-battle-hattin-1187">"Saladin's Triumph: The Battle of Hattin, 1187 - History Today"</a>. <i>www.historytoday.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.historytoday.com&rft.atitle=Saladin%27s+Triumph%3A+The+Battle+of+Hattin%2C+1187+-+History+Today&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historytoday.com%2Fnorman-housley%2Fsaladins-triumph-battle-hattin-1187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Runciman464-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Runciman464_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p. 464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHosler201854-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHosler201854_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHosler2018">Hosler 2018</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolle (2011). p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ija3CwAAQBAJ&q=Jamal%20ad-Din%20Hajji">34</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ibn Khallikan, pp. 536-537</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p. 455.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolle1993" class="citation book cs1">Nicolle, David (28 January 1993). <i>Hattin 1187. Saladin's greatest victory</i>. Bloomsbury USA. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-284-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-284-4"><bdi>978-1-85532-284-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hattin+1187.+Saladin%27s+greatest+victory&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=1993-01-28&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-284-4&rft.aulast=Nicolle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer (1988). p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFO'Shea2006">O'Shea 2006</a>, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201583-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201583_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance201586-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201586_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201586_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance201586_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman Housley, History Today Article, The Battle of Hattin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Runciman458-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman458_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman458_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman458_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p. 458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicolle (1993). p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolle1993" class="citation book cs1">Nicolle, David (28 January 1993). <i>Hattin 1187. Saladin's greatest victory</i>. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 71 & 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-284-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85532-284-4"><bdi>978-1-85532-284-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hattin+1187.+Saladin%27s+greatest+victory&rft.pages=71+%26+77&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+USA&rft.date=1993-01-28&rft.isbn=978-1-85532-284-4&rft.aulast=Nicolle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard, Jean. The Crusades c1071-c1291. p. 207. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-625661" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-625661">0-521-625661</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. S. Richards, trans., The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athīr for the Crusading Period from al-Kāmil fi'l-ta'rīkh by ʻIzz al-Dīn Ibn al-Athīr, Part 2: The Years 541-589/1146-1193: The Age of Nur al-Din and Saladin (Ashgate, 2007) pg. 323.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-utub-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-utub_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Elliott, Stuart (director) (2005-11-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/show/SCO_irkljom-KaAvV7DNTAyQ?sbp=GhoKGFVDSnJ4Q3l0Y01GVGFjemFSNndBRWdrUQ%253D%253D"><i>The Crusades: Crescent & the Cross (part 2)</i></a> (Television production). <a href="/wiki/History_(American_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (American TV network)">History</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%3A+Crescent+%26+the+Cross+%28part+2%29&rft.pub=History&rft.date=2005-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fshow%2FSCO_irkljom-KaAvV7DNTAyQ%3Fsbp%3DGhoKGFVDSnJ4Q3l0Y01GVGFjemFSNndBRWdrUQ%25253D%25253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Runciman460-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman460_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman460_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman460_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Runciman460_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p. 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p. 462.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015103-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015103_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1998" class="citation book cs1">Payne, Robert (1998). <i>The Crusades</i>. Wordsworth Editions. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85326-689-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85326-689-2"><bdi>1-85326-689-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Wordsworth+Editions&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-85326-689-2&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2004" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, Helen (2004). <i>The Knights Templar</i>. Sutton Pub. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-3839-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-3839-0"><bdi>0-7509-3839-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Knights+Templar&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Sutton+Pub.&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-7509-3839-0&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141116034556/http://www.netgalaxy.it/san-nicasio.htm">"San Nicasio Camuto de Burgio Patrono e Protettore della Città di Caccamo Cavaliere dell'Ordine"</a>. <i>www.netgalaxy.it</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netgalaxy.it/san-nicasio.htm">the original</a> on 16 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.netgalaxy.it&rft.atitle=San+Nicasio+Camuto+de+Burgio+Patrono+e+Protettore+della+Citt%C3%A0+di+Caccamo+Cavaliere+dell%27Ordine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netgalaxy.it%2Fsan-nicasio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gabrieli (1989). p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7LRWAAAAYAAJ&q=beheaded">p. 138</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonvito" class="citation web cs1">Donvito, Filippo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/8732828">"(PDF) Saladin's Christian hostages and prisoners | Filippo Donvito - Academia.edu"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28PDF%29+Saladin%27s+Christian+hostages+and+prisoners+%7C+Filippo+Donvito+-+Academia.edu&rft.aulast=Donvito&rft.aufirst=Filippo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F8732828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p 461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Runciman (1951). p. 469.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmail1995">Smail 1995</a>, p. 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrance2015102_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrance2015">France 2015</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-e135-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e135_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-e135_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer (1988). p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGibb1969">Gibb 1969</a>, p. 585</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayer (1988). p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCazel1955" class="citation journal cs1">Cazel, Fred A. (1955). "The Tax of 1185 in Aid of the Holy Land". <i><a href="/wiki/Speculum_(journal)" title="Speculum (journal)">Speculum</a></i>. <b>30</b> (3): 385–392. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2848077">10.2307/2848077</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2848077">2848077</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159681631">159681631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Speculum&rft.atitle=The+Tax+of+1185+in+Aid+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=385-392&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159681631%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2848077%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2848077&rft.aulast=Cazel&rft.aufirst=Fred+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard (1999). p. 330.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrance2015" class="citation book cs1">France, John (2015). <i>Hattin: Great Battles Series</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199646951" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199646951"><bdi>978-0199646951</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hattin%3A+Great+Battles+Series&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0199646951&rft.aulast=France&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabrieli1989" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Gabrieli" title="Francesco Gabrieli">Gabrieli, Francesco</a> (1989) [1957], <i>Arab Historians of the Crusades</i>, translated by E. J. Costello, New York: Dorset Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88029-460-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88029-460-4"><bdi>0-88029-460-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arab+Historians+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dorset+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88029-460-4&rft.aulast=Gabrieli&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibb1969" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Alexander_Rosskeen_Gibb" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb">Gibb, Hamilton A. R.</a> (1969) [1955], "The Rise of Saladin, 1169–1189", <i>A History of the Crusades: The First Hundred Years</i> (2nd ed.), London: University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 563–589</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+Saladin%2C+1169%E2%80%931189&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%3A+The+First+Hundred+Years&rft.place=London&rft.pages=563-589&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2000" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Bernard (2000). <i>The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64187-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64187-6"><bdi>978-0-521-64187-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Leper+King+and+His+Heirs%3A+Baldwin+IV+and+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64187-6&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbn_Khallikan1843" class="citation book cs1">Ibn Khallikan (1843). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8MdLAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR3"><i>Kitab wafayat ala'yan - Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary</i></a>. Vol. 2. Translated by <a href="/wiki/William_McGuckin_de_Slane" title="William McGuckin de Slane">MacGuckin de Slane, William</a>. Paris.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kitab+wafayat+ala%27yan+-+Ibn+Khallikan%27s+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1843&rft.au=Ibn+Khallikan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8MdLAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonstam2004" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Angus_Konstam" title="Angus Konstam">Konstam, Angus</a> (2004) [2002], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9budQAAACAAJ"><i>Historical Atlas of the Crusades</i></a>, London: Mercury Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904668-00-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904668-00-8"><bdi>978-1-904668-00-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Atlas+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Mercury+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-904668-00-8&rft.aulast=Konstam&rft.aufirst=Angus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9budQAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Madden" title="Thomas F. Madden">Madden, Thomas</a> (2000), <i>A Concise History of the Crusades</i>, Rowman & Littlefield, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9430-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9430-3"><bdi>978-0-8476-9430-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9430-3&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Madden" title="Thomas F. 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Oxford University Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-873097-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-873097-7"><bdi>0-19-873097-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-19-873097-7&rft.au=Mayer%2C+Hans+Eberhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._H._Newby" title="P. H. Newby">Newby, P. H.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XuNXAAAAYAAJ"><i>Saladin in his Time</i></a>. Dorset Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0880297751" title="Special:BookSources/0880297751">0880297751</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholsonNicolle2006" class="citation book cs1">Nicholson, H; Nicolle, D (2006). <i>God's Warriors: Knights Templar, Saracens and the Battle for Jerusalem</i>. Osprey Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Warriors%3A+Knights+Templar%2C+Saracens+and+the+Battle+for+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Nicolle%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolle1993" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_Nicolle" title="David Nicolle">Nicolle, David</a> (1993), <i>Hattin 1187: Saladin's Greatest Victory</i>, Osprey Campaign Series #19, <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-284-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-284-6"><bdi>1-85532-284-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hattin+1187%3A+Saladin%27s+Greatest+Victory&rft.series=Osprey+Campaign+Series+%2319&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=1-85532-284-6&rft.aulast=Nicolle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>2005 edition, <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger Publishers</a>, Praeger Illustrated Military History Series, <a href="/wiki/Westport,_CT" class="mw-redirect" title="Westport, CT">Westport, CT</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-98840-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-98840-6">0-275-98840-6</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolle2011" class="citation cs2">Nicolle, David (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ija3CwAAQBAJ"><i>Saladin: Leadership-Strategy-Conflict</i></a>, publOsprey Command series #12, Osprey Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781849083188" title="Special:BookSources/9781849083188"><bdi>9781849083188</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saladin%3A+Leadership-Strategy-Conflict&rft.series=publOsprey+Command+series+%2312&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781849083188&rft.aulast=Nicolle&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIja3CwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span> (paper-format edition), and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780962368" title="Special:BookSources/9781780962368">9781780962368</a> for the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lq2HCwAAQBAJ">eBook edition</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Shea2006" class="citation cs2">O'Shea, Stephen (2006), <i>Sea of Faith: Islam and Christianity in the Medieval Mediterranean World</i>, Profile Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86197-521-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86197-521-8"><bdi>978-1-86197-521-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sea+of+Faith%3A+Islam+and+Christianity+in+the+Medieval+Mediterranean+World&rft.pub=Profile+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86197-521-8&rft.aulast=O%27Shea&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard1999" class="citation book cs1">Richard, Jean (1999). <i>The Crusades, </i>c.<i> 1071-</i>c.<i> 1291</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-62566-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-62566-1"><bdi>0-521-62566-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%2C+c.+1071-c.+1291&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-521-62566-1&rft.aulast=Richard&rft.aufirst=Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley-Smith2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Riley-Smith" title="Jonathan Riley-Smith">Riley-Smith, Jonathan</a> (2005), <i>The Crusades: A History</i>, Continuum International Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7269-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7269-4"><bdi>978-0-8264-7269-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7269-4&rft.aulast=Riley-Smith&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1952" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Runciman, Steven</a> (1952). <i>A History of the Crusades, Volume II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%2C+Volume+II%3A+The+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem+and+the+Frankish+East&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-06162-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-06162-8">0-521-06162-8</a> hardback, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34771-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-34771-8">0-521-34771-8</a> paperback. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QL88AAAAIAAJ">Partial view at Google Books</a>, accessed 11 August 2022.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmail1995" class="citation cs2">Smail, R. C. (1995) [1956], <i>Crusading Warfare, 1097–1193</i> (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45838-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-45838-2"><bdi>978-0-521-45838-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crusading+Warfare%2C+1097%E2%80%931193&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-521-45838-2&rft.aulast=Smail&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTibble2018" class="citation book cs1">Tibble, Steve (2018). <i>The Crusader Armies, 1099–1187</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21814-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21814-5"><bdi>978-0-300-21814-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusader+Armies%2C+1099%E2%80%931187&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21814-5&rft.aulast=Tibble&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterson2010" class="citation cs2">Waterson, James (2010), <i>Sacred Swords: Jihad in the Holy Land 1097-1291</i>, London: <a href="/wiki/Frontline_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Frontline Books">Frontline Books</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-580-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-580-7"><bdi>978-1-84832-580-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Swords%3A+Jihad+in+the+Holy+Land+1097-1291&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Frontline+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-580-7&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin1936" class="citation cs2">Baldwin, M. W. (1936), <i>Raymond III of Tripolis and the Fall of Jerusalem (1140–1187)</i>, Princeton: <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raymond+III+of+Tripolis+and+the+Fall+of+Jerusalem+%281140%E2%80%931187%29&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=M.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrundage1962" class="citation cs2">Brundage, James A. (1962), "<a href="/wiki/Libellus_de_expugnatione_Terrae_Sanctae_per_Saladinum" title="Libellus de expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum">De Expugnatione Terrae Sanctae per Saladinum</a>", <i>The Crusades: A Documentary Survey</i>, Milwaukee: <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University_Press" title="Marquette University Press">Marquette University Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=De+Expugnatione+Terrae+Sanctae+per+Saladinum&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%3A+A+Documentary+Survey&rft.place=Milwaukee&rft.pub=Marquette+University+Press&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Brundage&rft.aufirst=James+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelcourt2009" class="citation cs2">Delcourt, Thierry, ed. (2009), <i>Sébastien Mamerot, Les Passages d'Outremer. A chronicle of the Crusades</i>, Cologne: <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a>, p. 145, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-0555-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-0555-0"><bdi>978-3-8365-0555-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=S%C3%A9bastien+Mamerot%2C+Les+Passages+d%27Outremer.+A+chronicle+of+the+Crusades&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-8365-0555-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdbury1996" class="citation cs2">Edbury, Peter W. (1996), <i>The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation</i>, Aldershot: Ashgate, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84014-676-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-84014-676-1"><bdi>1-84014-676-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conquest+of+Jerusalem+and+the+Third+Crusade%3A+Sources+in+Translation&rft.place=Aldershot&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-84014-676-1&rft.aulast=Edbury&rft.aufirst=Peter+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillingham1999" class="citation cs2">Gillingham, John (1999), <i>Richard I</i>, Yale English Monarchs, New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-07912-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-07912-5"><bdi>0-300-07912-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Richard+I&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.series=Yale+English+Monarchs&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-300-07912-5&rft.aulast=Gillingham&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt1986" class="citation cs2">Holt, P. M. (1986), <i>The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the Eleventh Century to 1517</i>, New York: <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-49302-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-49302-1"><bdi>0-582-49302-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+the+Crusades%3A+The+Near+East+from+the+Eleventh+Century+to+1517&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-582-49302-1&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=P.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHosler2018" class="citation book cs1">Hosler, John (2018). <i>The Siege of Acre, 1189–1191: Saladin, Richard the Lionheart, and the Battle that Decided the Third Crusade</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-30021-550-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-30021-550-2"><bdi>978-0-30021-550-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Acre%2C+1189%E2%80%931191%3A+Saladin%2C+Richard+the+Lionheart%2C+and+the+Battle+that+Decided+the+Third+Crusade&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-30021-550-2&rft.aulast=Hosler&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyonsJackson1982" class="citation cs2">Lyons, M. C.; Jackson, D. E. P. (1982), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/saladinpoliticso0000lyon"><i>Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War</i></a></span>, New York: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22358-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22358-X"><bdi>0-521-22358-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saladin%3A+The+Politics+of+the+Holy+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-521-22358-X&rft.aulast=Lyons&rft.aufirst=M.+C.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+D.+E.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsaladinpoliticso0000lyon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson1973" class="citation cs2">Nicholson, R. L. (1973), <i>Joscelyn III and the Fall of the Crusader States, 1134–1199</i>, Leiden: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-03676-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-03676-8"><bdi>90-04-03676-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joscelyn+III+and+the+Fall+of+the+Crusader+States%2C+1134%E2%80%931199&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=90-04-03676-8&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=R.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2002" class="citation cs2">Phillips, Jonathan (2002), <i>The Crusades 1095–1187</i>, New York: Longman, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-32822-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-32822-5"><bdi>0-582-32822-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades+1095%E2%80%931187&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-582-32822-5&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReston_Jr.2001" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/James_Reston_Jr." title="James Reston Jr.">Reston Jr., James</a> (2001), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/warriorsofgod00jame"><i>Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade</i></a></span>, New York: Anchor Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-49562-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-49562-5"><bdi>0-385-49562-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+of+God%3A+Richard+the+Lionheart+and+Saladin+in+the+Third+Crusade&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Anchor+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-385-49562-5&rft.aulast=Reston+Jr.&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwarriorsofgod00jame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSetton1958" class="citation cs2">Setton, Kenneth, ed. (1958), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/History/History-idx?type=browse&scope=HISTORY.HISTCRUSADES"><i>A History of the Crusades, vol. I</i></a>, Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades%2C+vol.+I&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1958&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigicoll.library.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2FHistory%2FHistory-idx%3Ftype%3Dbrowse%26scope%3DHISTORY.HISTCRUSADES&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Hattin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Hattin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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