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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lateral_consonant" title="Special:EditPage/Lateral consonant">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lateral+consonant%22">"Lateral consonant"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lateral+consonant%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lateral+consonant%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lateral+consonant%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lateral+consonant%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lateral+consonant%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><p>A <b>lateral</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream</a> proceeds along one or both of the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth. An example of a lateral consonant is the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <i>L</i>, as in <i>Larry</i>. Lateral consonants contrast with <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonants</a>, in which the airstream flows through the center of the mouth. </p><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:117px;max-width:117px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig35.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig35.png/115px-An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig35.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig35.png 1.5x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="174"></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:119px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig18.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig18.png/119px-An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig18.png" decoding="async" width="119" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/An_outline_of_English_phonetics_fig18.png 1.5x" data-file-width="172" data-file-height="173"></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Palatogram" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatogram">Palatograms</a> of lateral <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a>]</span> and central <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>]</span></div></div></div></div> <p>For the most common laterals, the tip of the tongue makes contact with the upper teeth (see <a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">dental consonant</a>) or the upper gum (see <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">alveolar consonant</a>), but there are many other possible places for laterals to be made. The most common laterals are <a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximants</a> and belong to the class of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_consonant" title="Liquid consonant">liquids</a>, but lateral <a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">fricatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">affricates</a> are also common in some parts of the world. Some languages, such as the <a href="/wiki/Iwaidja_language" title="Iwaidja language">Iwaidja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilgar_language" title="Ilgar language">Ilgar</a> languages of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, have <a href="/wiki/Lateral_flap" title="Lateral flap">lateral flaps</a>, and others, such as the <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a> languages of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, have <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral clicks</a>. </p><p>When pronouncing the <a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">labiodental</a> fricatives <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[f]<span class="wrap"> </span>and<span class="wrap"> </span>[v]</span>, the lip blocks the airflow in the centre of the vocal tract, so the airstream proceeds along the sides instead. Nevertheless, they are not considered lateral consonants because the airflow never goes over the side of the tongue. No known language makes a distinction between lateral and non-lateral labiodentals. <a href="/wiki/Plosive_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plosive consonant">Plosives</a> are never lateral, but they may have <a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">lateral release</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasals</a> are never lateral either, but some languages have <a href="/wiki/Lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral nasal click">lateral nasal clicks</a>. For consonants articulated in the throat (<a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonants" class="mw-redirect" title="Laryngeal consonants">laryngeals</a>), the lateral distinction is not made by any language, although pharyngeal and epiglottal laterals are reportedly possible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996191_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996191-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#List_of_laterals"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">List of laterals</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Approximants"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Approximants</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Fricatives"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fricatives</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Affricates"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Affricates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Flaps"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Flaps</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Ejective"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Ejective</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="#Affricates_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Affricates</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#Fricatives_2"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fricatives</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Clicks"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Clicks</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Ambiguous_centrality"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Ambiguous centrality</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Lateralized_consonants"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Lateralized consonants</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>English has one lateral phoneme: the lateral approximant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>, which in many accents has two <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a>. One, found before vowels (and /j/) as in <i>lady</i> or <i>fly</i> (or <i>value</i>), is called <i>clear l</i>, pronounced as the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral approximant">alveolar lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span> with a "neutral" position of the body of the tongue. The other variant, so-called <i>dark l</i>, found before consonants or word-finally, as in <i>bold</i> or <i>tell</i>, is pronounced as the <a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">uvularized alveolar lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span> with the tongue assuming a spoon-like shape with its back part raised, which gives the sound a <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span>- or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʟ]</span>-like resonance. In some languages, like <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, those two sounds are different phonemes. <a href="/wiki/Gheg_Albanian#Malsia_Albanian" title="Gheg Albanian">Malsia e Madhe Gheg Albanian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salamina_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamina Island">Salamina</a> <a href="/wiki/Arvanitika" title="Arvanitika">Arvanitika</a> even have the three-way distinction of laterals <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants" title="Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants">l</a>/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a>/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a>/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/East_Slavic_languages" title="East Slavic languages">East Slavic languages</a> contrast <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lʲ]</span> but do not have [l]. </p><p>In many British accents (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Cockney#Cockney_speech" title="Cockney">Cockney</a>), dark <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɫ]</span> may undergo <a href="/wiki/L-vocalization" title="L-vocalization">vocalization</a> through the reduction and loss of contact between the tip of the tongue and the alveolar ridge, becoming a rounded back vowel or glide. This process turns <i>tell</i> into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɛɰ]</span>, as must have happened with <i>talk</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɔːk]</span> or <i>walk</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[wɔːk]</span> at some stage. A similar process happened during the development of many other languages, including <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, in all three of these resulting in <a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">voiced velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɰ]</span> or <a href="/wiki/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced labio-velar approximant">voiced labio-velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w]</span>, whence <a href="/wiki/Modern_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern French">Modern French</a> <i>sauce</i> as compared with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <i>salsa</i>, or Polish <i>Wisła</i> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[viswa]</span>) as compared with English <i><a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a></i>. </p><p>In central and Venice dialects of <a href="/wiki/Venetian_language" title="Venetian language">Venetian</a>, intervocalic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> has turned into a semivocalic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e̯]</span>, so that the written word <i>ła bała</i> is pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[abae̯a]</span>. The orthography uses the letter <a href="/wiki/%C5%81" title="Ł">ł</a> to represent this phoneme (it specifically represents not the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e̯]</span> sound but the phoneme that is, in some dialects, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[e̯]</span> and, in others, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span>). </p><p>Many aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Australian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian languages">Australian languages</a> have a series of three or four lateral approximants, as do various dialects of <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>. Rarer lateral consonants include the retroflex laterals that can be found in many <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">languages of India</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and in some <a href="/wiki/Swedish_dialects" title="Swedish dialects">Swedish dialects</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɬ/</span>, found in many <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native North American languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Athabaskan_languages" title="Athabaskan languages">Athabaskan languages</a> like <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4n_language" title="Hän language">Hän</a>, both voiceless and voiced alveolar lateral fricatives occur, but there is no approximant. Many of these languages also have lateral <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricates</a>. Some languages have palatal or velar voiceless lateral fricatives or affricates, such as <a href="/wiki/Dahalo_language" title="Dahalo language">Dahalo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>, but the IPA has no symbols for such sounds. However, appropriate symbols are easy to make by adding a lateral-fricative belt to the symbol for the corresponding lateral approximant (see below). Also, a devoicing diacritic may be added to the approximant. </p><p>Nearly all languages with such lateral obstruents also have the approximant. However, there are a number of exceptions, many of them located in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a> area of the United States. For example, <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a> has <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tɬ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tɬʰ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tɬʼ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɬ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɬʼ/</span> but no <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples from the same area include <a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_language" title="Nuu-chah-nulth language">Nuu-chah-nulth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kutenai_language" title="Kutenai language">Kutenai</a>, and elsewhere, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Tibetan">Standard Tibetan</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant">voiceless lateral approximant</a>, usually romanized as <i>lh</i>, as in the name <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a>. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Uvular lateral approximant">uvular lateral approximant</a> has been reported to occur in some speakers of <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014221_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014221-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex lateral flap">retroflex lateral flap</a> that becomes <a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">voiced retroflex approximant</a> when it is at the end of a syllable and a word.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are a large number of lateral <a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">click consonants</a>; 17 occur in <a href="/wiki/!X%C3%B3%C3%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="!Xóõ">!Xóõ</a>. </p><p>Lateral <a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">trills</a> are also possible, but they do not occur in any known language. They may be pronounced by initiating <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɮ]</span> with an especially forceful airflow. There is no symbol for them in the IPA. They are sometimes used to imitate <a href="/wiki/Bird_call" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird call">bird calls</a>, and they are a component of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Duck_talk" title="Donald Duck talk">Donald Duck talk</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="List_of_laterals">List of laterals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of laterals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Approximants">Approximants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Approximants" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">Voiced dental lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l̪]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">Voiced alveolar lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">Voiced retroflex lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɭ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Dhivehi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhivehi language">Dhivehi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telegu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegu language">Telegu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">Voiced palatal lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Aymara_language" title="Aymara language">Aymara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anindilyakwa_language" title="Anindilyakwa language">Anindilyakwa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">Voiced velar lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʟ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Wahgi_language" title="Wahgi language">Wahgi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">Voiced uvular lateral approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʟ̠]</span> (in some American dialects)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fricatives">Fricatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fricatives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental lateral fricative">Voiceless dental lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ̪]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Wahgi_language" title="Wahgi language">Wahgi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral fricative">Voiced dental lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɮ̪]</span> (allophonic in Wahgi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_language" title="Chukchi language">Chukchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">Voiced alveolar lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɮ]</span> (in Adyghe, Kabardian, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tigak_language" title="Tigak language">Tigak</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ꞎ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Toda_language" title="Toda language">Toda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">Voiced retroflex lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɭ˔]</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼅]</span>) (in <a href="/wiki/Ao_language" title="Ao language">Ao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">Voiceless palatal lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼆]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Dahalo_language" title="Dahalo language">Dahalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inupiaq_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inupiaq language">Inupiaq</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">Voiced palatal lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ̝]</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼆̬]</span>) (allophonic in <a href="/wiki/Jebero_language" title="Jebero language">Jebero</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">Voiceless velar lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼄]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Archi_language" title="Archi language">Archi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nii_language" title="Nii language">Nii</a>, Wahgi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">Voiced velar lateral fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʟ̝]</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼄̬]</span>) (in <a href="/wiki/Archi_language" title="Archi language">Archi</a>, allophonic in Wahgi)</li></ul> <p>Only the alveolar lateral fricatives have dedicated letters in the IPA proper, though the retroflex letters are 'implied'. The others are provided by the <a href="/wiki/ExtIPA" class="mw-redirect" title="ExtIPA">extIPA</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_lateral-median_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless lateral-median fricative">Voiceless lateral-median fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ̠ˡ]</span> or extIPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʪ]</span> (in <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CA%BDAsir_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ʽAsir province (page does not exist)">Al-Rubūʽah</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehri_language" title="Mehri language">Mehri</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_lateral-median_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced lateral-median fricative">Voiced lateral-median fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ð̠ˡ]</span> or extIPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʫ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Rijal_Almaa" title="Rijal Almaa">Rijal Almaa</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehri_language" title="Mehri language">Mehri</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affricates">Affricates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Affricates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɬ]</span> (in Navajo, <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">Voiced alveolar lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dɮ]</span> (allophonic in Zulu and Xhosa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʈꞎ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Bhadrawahi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrawahi language">Bhadrawahi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">Voiced retroflex lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɖɭ˔]</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɖ𝼅]</span>) (in <a href="/wiki/Bhadrawahi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhadrawahi language">Bhadrawahi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">Voiceless palatal lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[c𝼆]</span> (perhaps prepalatal in <a href="/wiki/Sandawe_language" title="Sandawe language">Sandawe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadza_language" title="Hadza language">Hadza</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">Voiced palatal lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɟʎ̝]</span> (perhaps prepalatal in <a href="/wiki/Sandawe_language" title="Sandawe language">Sandawe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">Voiceless velar lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k𝼄]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Archi_language" title="Archi language">Archi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laghuu_language" title="Laghuu language">Laghuu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Muji</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">Voiced velar lateral affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɡʟ̝]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Hiw_language" title="Hiw language">Hiw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laghuu_language" title="Laghuu language">Laghuu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muji_language" title="Muji language">Muji</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flaps">Flaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flaps" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">Voiceless alveolar lateral flap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɺ̥]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Yavitero_language" title="Yavitero language">Yavitero</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMosonyiEsteban2000594–661_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMosonyiEsteban2000594%E2%80%93661-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karu_language" title="Karu language">Karu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">Voiced alveolar lateral flap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɺ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Wayuu_language" title="Wayuu language">Wayuu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwaidja_language" title="Iwaidja language">Iwaidja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">Voiceless retroflex lateral flap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼈̥]</span> (allophonic in Wahgi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">Voiced retroflex lateral flap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[𝼈]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iwaidja_language" title="Iwaidja language">Iwaidja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal lateral flap">Palatal lateral flap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ̮]</span> (allophonic in <a href="/wiki/Iwaidja_language" title="Iwaidja language">Iwaidja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilgar_language" title="Ilgar language">Ilgar</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Velar lateral flap">Velar lateral flap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʟ̆]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Kanite_language" title="Kanite language">Kanite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melpa_language" title="Melpa language">Melpa</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ejective">Ejective</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ejective" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Affricates_2">Affricates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Affricates" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">Alveolar lateral ejective affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɬʼ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Besleney#Language" title="Besleney">Baslaney</a>, Navajo, Tlingit)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">Palatal lateral ejective affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[c𝼆ʼ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Dahalo_language" title="Dahalo language">Dahalo</a>, Sandawe, Hadza)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">Velar lateral ejective affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[k𝼄ʼ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Archi_language" title="Archi language">Archi</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C7%80wi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gǀwi language">Gǀwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">Uvular lateral ejective affricate</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[q𝼄̠ʼ]</span> (in <a href="/wiki/%C7%82%CA%BCAmkoe_language" title="ǂʼAmkoe language">ǂʼAmkoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C7%80wi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gǀwi language">Gǀwi</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fricatives_2">Fricatives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fricatives" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">Alveolar lateral ejective fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɬ']</span> (in <a href="/wiki/Adyghe_language" title="Adyghe language">Adyghe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabardian_language" title="Kabardian language">Kabardian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tlingit_language" title="Tlingit language">Tlingit</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clicks">Clicks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Clicks" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral click">Alveolar lateral clicks</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ᵏǁ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ᵏǁˀ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ᵑ̊ǁʰ]</span> <i>etc.</i> (in all five <a href="/wiki/Khoisan_languages" title="Khoisan languages">Khoisan</a> families and several <a href="/wiki/Bantu_languages" title="Bantu languages">Bantu languages</a>)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Ambiguous_centrality">Ambiguous centrality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ambiguous centrality" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The IPA requires sounds to be defined as to centrality, as either central or lateral. However, languages may be ambiguous as to some consonants' laterality.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996243_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996243-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A well-known example is the liquid consonant in Japanese, represented in common transliteration systems as <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span>, which can be recognized as a (post)<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar tap">alveolar tap</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɾ/</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-ipajp_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipajp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral flap">alveolar lateral flap</a> /ɺ/, (post)<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral approximant">alveolar lateral approximant</a> /l/, (post)<a href="/wiki/Alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar approximant">alveolar approximant</a> /ɹ/,<sup id="cite_ref-ipajp_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipajp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex stop">voiced retroflex stop</a> /ɖ/,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and various less common forms. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Lateralized_consonants">Lateralized consonants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Lateralized consonants" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>A superscript ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ˡ</span>⟩ is defined as <a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">lateral release</a>. </p><p>Consonants may also be pronounced with simultaneous lateral and central airflow. This is well-known from speech pathology with a <a href="/wiki/Lateral_lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral lisp">lateral lisp</a>. However, it also occurs in nondisordered speech in some southern <a href="/wiki/Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic dialects">Arabic dialects</a> and possibly some <a href="/wiki/Modern_South_Arabian_languages" title="Modern South Arabian languages">Modern South Arabian languages</a>, which have pharyngealized nonsibilant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʪ̪ˤ/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʫ̪ˤ/</span> (simultaneous <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ͜ɬˤ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ð͡ɮˤ]</span>) and possibly a sibilant <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʪ/</span> (simultaneous <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s͜ɬ]</span>). Examples are <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/θˡˤaim/</span> 'pain' in the dialect of <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CA%BDAsir_province&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ʽAsir province (page does not exist)">Al-Rubūʽah</a> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ðˡˤahr/</span> 'back' and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ðˡˤabʕ/</span> 'hyena' in <a href="/wiki/Rijal_Alma%CA%BDa" class="mw-redirect" title="Rijal Almaʽa">Rijal Almaʽa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Here the ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ˡ</span>⟩ indicates simultaneous laterality rather than lateral release.) Biblical Hebrew may have had non-emphatic central-lateral sibilants <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ͡ɬ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[s͜ɬ]</span>, while <a href="/wiki/Old_Arabic" title="Old Arabic">Old Arabic</a> has been analyzed as having the emphatic central–lateral fricatives <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[θ͜ɬˤ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ð͡ɮˤ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ͡ɬˤ]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delateralization" title="Delateralization">Delateralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_release_(phonetics)" title="Lateral release (phonetics)">Lateral release (phonetics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_phonetics_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of phonetics topics">List of phonetics topics</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some older Tlingit speakers have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[l]</span>, as an allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/n/</span>. This can also be analyzed as phonemic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/l/</span> with an allophone <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[n]</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996191-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996191_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDedvukajNdoci2023" class="citation journal cs1">Dedvukaj, Lindon; Ndoci, Rexhina (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3765%2Fplsa.v8i1.5501">"Linguistic variation within the Northwestern Gheg Albanian dialect"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America</i>. <b>8</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_Society_of_America" title="Linguistic Society of America">Linguistic Society of America</a>: 7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3765%2Fplsa.v8i1.5501">10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5501</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Linguistic+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Linguistic+variation+within+the+Northwestern+Gheg+Albanian+dialect&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3765%2Fplsa.v8i1.5501&rft.aulast=Dedvukaj&rft.aufirst=Lindon&rft.au=Ndoci%2C+Rexhina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3765%252Fplsa.v8i1.5501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALateral+consonant" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014221-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014221_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCruttenden2014">Cruttenden (2014)</a>, p. 221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMosonyiEsteban2000594–661-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMosonyiEsteban2000594%E2%80%93661_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMosonyiEsteban2000">Mosonyi & Esteban (2000)</a>, pp. 594–661.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996243-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996243_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996</a>, p. 243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipajp-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ipajp_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipajp_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in <i>International Phonetic Association, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52163751-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52163751-0">978-0-52163751-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arai, Takayuki; Warner, Natasha; Greenberg, Steven (2007), "Analysis of spontaneous Japanese in a multi-language telephone-speech corpus", Acoustical Science and Technology, 28 (1): 46–48, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1250%2Fast.28.46">10.1250/ast.28.46</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heselwood (2013) <i>Phonetic transcription in theory and practice</i>, p 122–123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanet_Watson2011" class="citation web cs1">Janet Watson (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/8283145">"Lateral fricatives and lateral emphatics in southern Saudi Arabia and Mehri"</a>. <i>academia.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academia.edu&rft.atitle=Lateral+fricatives+and+lateral+emphatics+in+southern+Saudi+Arabia+and+Mehri&rft.date=2011-01&rft.au=Janet+Watson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F8283145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALateral+consonant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2013" class="citation journal cs1">Watson, Janet (January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/8283071">"Lateral reflexes of Proto-Semitic D and Dh in Al-Rubūʽah dialect, south-west Saudi Arabic: Electropalatographic and acoustic evidence"</a>. <i>Nicht Nur mit Engelszungen: Beiträge zur Semitischen Dialektologie: Festschrift für Werner Arnold</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicht+Nur+mit+Engelszungen%3A+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+Semitischen+Dialektologie%3A+Festschrift+f%C3%BCr+Werner+Arnold&rft.atitle=Lateral+reflexes+of+Proto-Semitic+D+and+Dh+in+Al-Rub%C5%AB%CA%BDah+dialect%2C+south-west+Saudi+Arabic%3A+Electropalatographic+and+acoustic+evidence&rft.date=2013-01&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F8283071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALateral+consonant" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Potet (2013) <i>Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog</i>, p. 89 ff.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCruttenden2014" class="citation cs2">Cruttenden, Alan (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M2nMAgAAQBAJ"><i>Gimson's Pronunciation of English</i></a> (8th ed.), Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444183092" title="Special:BookSources/9781444183092"><bdi>9781444183092</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gimson%27s+Pronunciation+of+English&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781444183092&rft.aulast=Cruttenden&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM2nMAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALateral+consonant" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What claims in the article does this source support? Which pages support the claims? If the reference supports the claims, why is it not cited? (August 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Maddieson, Ian</a> (1996). <a href="/wiki/The_Sounds_of_the_World%27s_Languages" title="The Sounds of the World's Languages"><i>The Sounds of the World's Languages</i></a>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19815-6"><bdi>0-631-19815-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-631-19815-6&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALateral+consonant" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What claims in the article does this source support? Which pages support the claims? If the reference supports the claims, why is it not cited? (August 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosonyiEsteban2000" class="citation cs2">Mosonyi, Largo; Esteban, Jorge, eds. (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters/10BCB9C4F3B5CF68392F17CE94B16886#6/2.800/291.916">"Yavitero"</a>, <i>Manual de Lenguas Ind'igenas de Venezuela</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manual+de+Lenguas+Ind%27igenas+de+Venezuela&rft.atitle=Yavitero&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphoible.org%2Fparameters%2F10BCB9C4F3B5CF68392F17CE94B16886%236%2F2.800%2F291.916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALateral+consonant" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&oldid=1248415569">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&oldid=1248415569</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Lateral_consonant&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Ozzie10aaaa" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1727609071"> <span>Last edited on 29 September 2024, at 11:24</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateraal" title="Lateraal – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lateraal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateraler_Konsonant" title="Lateraler Konsonant – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lateraler Konsonant" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%86%D8%A9" title="الحروف الساكنة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحروف الساكنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_llateral" title="Consonante llateral – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Consonante llateral" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Странична съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Странична съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_(Phonetik)" title="Lateral (Phonetik) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lateral (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostezenn_(yezhoniezh)" title="Kostezenn (yezhoniezh) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kostezenn (yezhoniezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_lateral" title="Consonant lateral – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consonant lateral" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_souhl%C3%A1ska" title="Laterální souhláska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Laterální souhláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytsain_ochrol" title="Cytsain ochrol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cytsain ochrol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral" title="Lateral – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lateral" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_(Phonetik)" title="Lateral (Phonetik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lateral (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateraal" title="Lateraal – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lateraal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_lateral" title="Consonante lateral – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consonante lateral" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateralo" title="Lateralo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lateralo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="کناری (آواشناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کناری (آواشناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_lat%C3%A9rale" title="Consonne latérale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne latérale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consan_taobhach" title="Consan taobhach – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Consan taobhach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corockle_lhiattagh" title="Corockle lhiattagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corockle lhiattagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A4%EC%B8%A1%EC%9D%8C" title="설측음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="설측음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hli%C3%B0arhlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Hliðarhljóð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hliðarhljóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_laterale" title="Consonante laterale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Consonante laterale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיצורים צידיים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצורים צידיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Бүйір дауыссыз – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бүйір дауыссыз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0oniniai_priebalsiai" title="Šoniniai priebalsiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šoniniai priebalsiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunsunanta_laterala" title="Cunsunanta laterala – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cunsunanta laterala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later%C3%A1lis_hang" title="Laterális hang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Laterális hang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Странична согласка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Странична согласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_sisian" title="Konsonan sisian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konsonan sisian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateraal_(fonetiek)" title="Lateraal (fonetiek) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lateraal (fonetiek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%B4%E9%9D%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="側面音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="側面音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateraler" title="Lateraler – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lateraler" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_boczna" title="Spółgłoska boczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska boczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoante_lateral" title="Consoante lateral – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consoante lateral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_lateral%C4%83" title="Consoană laterală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană laterală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Боковые согласные – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боковые согласные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lateral consonant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateraali" title="Lateraali – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lateraali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral" title="Lateral – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lateral" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Боковий приголосний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боковий приголосний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_latera%C5%82e" title="Consonante laterałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Consonante laterałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="邊音 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="邊音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="边音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 29 September 2024, at 11:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-565f7699fc-mfxnp","wgBackendResponseTime":232,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.205","walltime":"1.425","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10563,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":454010,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":48412,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":7,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":60006,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1163.035 1 -total"," 41.64% 484.308 1 Template:IPA_navigation"," 37.40% 434.967 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 28.89% 335.998 4 Template:IPA_common"," 18.77% 218.292 257 Template:IPA_link"," 16.54% 192.367 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants"," 15.29% 177.812 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.96% 150.756 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants/table"," 8.48% 98.601 99 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