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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio Poland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy" title="Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Polonia" title="Radio Polonia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radio Polonia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy" title="Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C_%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1" title="폴란드 국제방송 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴란드 국제방송" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Radio_External_Service" title="Polish Radio External Service – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polish Radio External Service" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Poland" title="Radio Poland – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radio Poland" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy" title="Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">External service of the Polish public broadcaster</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Radio_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Radio Poland">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Radio+Poland%22">"Radio Poland"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Radio+Poland%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Radio+Poland%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Radio+Poland%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Radio+Poland%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Radio+Poland%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Radio Poland</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg/220px-Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg/330px-Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg/440px-Polskie_Radio_dla_Zagranicy_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">international broadcasting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">Poland</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">Polskie Radio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Danuta Isler (English Service Editor)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">1936<span class="noprint">; 88 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Radio Polonia, PR5</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Coverage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Availability</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: #202122;">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">Webcast</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uradio.pl/web/922-radio-poland.html">Live Stream</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://external.polskieradio.pl/">http://external.polskieradio.pl/</a><br />English language website <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://thenews.pl">http://thenews.pl</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Radio Poland</b> (until January 2007 as <b>Radio Polonia</b>, later "Polish Radio External Service" (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Polskie Radio dla Zagranicy</i>, in Polish legislation also named as Polskie Radio Program V) is the official <a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">international broadcasting</a> station of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and is a part of Poland’s public radio network, <a href="/wiki/Polish_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Radio">Polish Radio</a>. </p><p>Its aim is to broadcast programs on developments in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, Polish foreign policy, the economy, business and foreign investments. Polish Radio External Service provides objective and impartial information about <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and its stance on international affairs. It shows Polish society, its daily life as well as scientific and cultural achievements. </p><p>Polish Radio External Service ended their English language shortwave broadcasts in 2012 and announced that they would be ceasing all shortwave transmissions on 27 October 2013, from which point they will only be broadcasting over the internet and through partnerships such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Radio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="World Radio Network">World Radio Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1936 – Polish Radio launches <a href="/wiki/Shortwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortwave">shortwave</a> broadcasts of brief programmes in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li> <li>1945 – after the end of World War II, the shortwave channel Warszawa III resumes external broadcasts</li> <li>1959 – Polish Radio starts broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li>1990 – Polish Radio starts broadcasting for <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li>2000 – Radio Polonia begins daily Real Audio broadcasts in several languages via the World Radio Network</li> <li>2007 – Radio Polonia changes name to Polish Radio External Service</li> <li>2012 – English language shortwave transmissions end.</li> <li>2013 – Remaining shortwave services close on 27 October.</li> <li>2014 – Polish Radio External Service changes name to Radio Poland</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programmes">Programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Radio Poland broadcasts in six languages: <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> (with various amount of programming, for example English is available 24 hours a day while German 90 minutes a day). Until 2014, there was a <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew language</a> programming, Kol Polin,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included a weekly Yiddish-language broadcast called Naye Khvalyes ("New Waves").<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortwave transmissions were reduced between 2007 and 2012 and by 2013 PRES was broadcasting two times a day with programmes in Polish, Belarusian and Russian. On 27 October 2013, all shortwave transmissions ceased and PRES became an online only entity. </p><p>Radio Poland's programming include news bulletins and analysis, press reviews, correspondent’s dispatches, interviews, discussions and features. The English service broadcast programming with more variety; including quizzes, chart shows and historical programming. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Listen">Listen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Listen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Listeners in Europe can tune in via satellite on Eutelsat 13 E, 10892 MHz, FEC 3/4, SR 27500, Horizontal, PID audio 0119 </p><p>Polish Radio External Service can be heard in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> on the World Radio Network (WRN) through terrestrial relays, on cable and via satellite. </p><p>On cable: PR ES in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is also available to 4.5 million homes on cable in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strassburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Strassburg">Strassburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Washington D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and many other cities. It can also be heard on hotel cable in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schedule: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.polskieradio.pl/ramowka/antena/5">https://www.polskieradio.pl/ramowka/antena/5</a> </p> <ul><li>"Radio Poland" (English, German) <ul><li>48 kbit/s aac+:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://player.polskieradio.pl/-5">http://player.polskieradio.pl/-5</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5.sdp/playlist.m3u8">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5.sdp/playlist.m3u8</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5.sdp/manifest.mpd">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5.sdp/manifest.mpd</a><br /> rtmps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/pr5/pr5.sdp<br /> rtsps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/pr5/pr5.sdp<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8958">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8958</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8958">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8958</a> </p> <ul><li><ul><li>96 kbit/s mp3:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8908">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8908</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8908">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8908</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_mp3">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_mp3</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_mp3">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_mp3</a> </p> <ul><li>"Radio Poland DAB+" / "External DAB+" (Belarusian, English, German, Russian, Ukrainian) <ul><li>48 kbit/s aac+:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://player.polskieradio.pl/-13">http://player.polskieradio.pl/-13</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_dab.sdp/playlist.m3u8">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_dab.sdp/playlist.m3u8</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_dab.sdp/manifest.mpd">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_dab.sdp/manifest.mpd</a><br /> rtmps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/pr5/pr5_dab.sdp<br /> rtsps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/pr5/pr5_dab.sdp </p> <ul><li><ul><li>96 kbit/s mp3:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8912">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8912</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8912">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8912</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_dab_mp3">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_dab_mp3</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_dab_mp3">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_dab_mp3</a> </p> <ul><li>"Radio Poland East" / "Радио Польша" / "Radio Polsha" / "External Wschód" (Belarusian, German, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian) <ul><li>48 kbit/s aac+:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://player.polskieradio.pl/-16">http://player.polskieradio.pl/-16</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_wsch.sdp/playlist.m3u8">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_wsch.sdp/playlist.m3u8</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_wsch.sdp/manifest.mpd">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/pr5/pr5_wsch.sdp/manifest.mpd</a><br /> rtmps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/pr5/pr5_wsch.sdp<br /> rtsps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/pr5/pr5_wsch.sdp<br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8964">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8964</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8964">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8964</a> </p> <ul><li><ul><li>96 kbit/s mp3:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8914">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8914</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8914">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8914</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_wsch_mp3">http://mp3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_wsch_mp3</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_wsch_mp3">http://stream3.polskieradio.pl:8804/pr5_wsch_mp3</a><br /> </p> <ul><li>"Polskie Radio dla Ukrainy" / "Польське Радіо для України" / "Polish Radio for Ukraine" (Ukrainian) <ul><li>256 kbit/s aac:</li></ul></li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://player.polskieradio.pl/anteny/ukraina">https://player.polskieradio.pl/anteny/ukraina</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/radio_ukraina/ukraina.stream/playlist.m3u8">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/radio_ukraina/ukraina.stream/playlist.m3u8</a><br /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/radio_ukraina/ukraina.stream/manifest.mpd">https://stream85.polskieradio.pl/radio_ukraina/ukraina.stream/manifest.mpd</a><br /> rtmps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/radio_ukraina/ukraina.stream<br /> rtsps://stream85.polskieradio.pl:443/radio_ukraina/ukraina.stream </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_relays">Satellite relays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Satellite relays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hot_Bird" title="Hot Bird">Hot Bird</a> 13°E, 11.488 MHz, Horisontal </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terrestrial_relays">Terrestrial relays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Terrestrial relays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>In Polish:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Poland – DAB+ network – Radio Poland DAB+ (17:30-18:30 and 21:00-21:30 Polish time)</li> <li>Medium wave – Radio Baltic Waves 1386 AM (Viešintos, Utena County, Lithuania, 75 kW) (15:30-16:00 UTC)</li> <li>Lithuania – Vilnius – Radio znad Wilii 103.8 FM (18:30-19:00 and 23:00-23:30 local time)</li> <li>Ukraine – Lviv – Radio Nezalezhnist 106.7 FM (18:30-19:00 local time)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>In Belarusian:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Poland – DAB+ network – Radio Poland DAB+ (15:30-16:00 Polish time)</li> <li>Medium wave – Radio Baltic Waves 1386 AM (Viešintos, Utena County, Lithuania, 75 kW) (4:00-5:00 UTC)</li> <li>Lithuania – Vilnius – Radio znad Wilii 103.8 FM (5:00-6:00, 23:30-0:00 local time)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>In Ukrainian:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Poland – DAB+ network – Radio Poland DAB+ (19:00-20:00, 0:30-1:00 and 4:30-5:00 Polish time)</li> <li>Poland – DAB+ network – Polish Radio for Ukraine (7:00-23:00 Polish time, timeshare with Ukrainian Radio (23:00-7:00 Polish time))</li> <li>Medium wave – Radio Baltic Waves 1386 AM (Viešintos, Utena County, Lithuania, 75 kW) (5:00-5:30 UTC)</li> <li>Ukraine – Hromadske radio (FM-network in Ukraine) (7:00-7:30 local time)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>In German:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Poland – DAB+ network – Radio Poland DAB+ (13:30-14:00 and 19:30-20:00 Polish time)</li> <li>Medium wave – Radio Baltic Waves 1386 AM (Viešintos, Utena County, Lithuania, 75 kW) (16:30-17:00 UTC)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>In English:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Poland – DAB+ network – Radio Poland DAB+</li> <li>Medium wave – Radio Baltic Waves 1386 AM (Viešintos, Utena County, Lithuania, 75 kW) (14:00-15:00 UTC)</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>In Russian:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>Poland – DAB+ network – Radio Poland DAB+</li> <li>Medium wave – Radio Baltic Waves 1386 AM (Viešintos, Utena County, Lithuania, 75 kW) (16:00-16:30 UTC)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>In English:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>USA: NY Radio Rampa 620 AM</li> <li>USA: Rihnelander (Wisconsin) WXPR 97,1 FM</li> <li>USA: Spokane (Washington) KSFC 91,9 FM</li> <li>USA: Monroe Uniwersity of Louisiana KEDM 90,3 FM</li></ul> <dl><dd><i>In Polish:</i></dd></dl> <ul><li>USA: Chicago Polskie Radio 1300 AM</li> <li>Canada: Calgary – Międzynarodowe Radio Fairchild 94,7 FM</li> <li>Canada: Vancouver – Międzynarodowe Radio Fairchild 1470 AM</li> <li>Canada: Vancouver – Międzynarodowe Radio Fairchild 96,1 FM</li> <li>Canada: Toronto – Międzynarodowe Radio Fairchild 1430 AM</li> <li>Canada: Toronto – Radio Polonia 100,7 FM</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">Polskie Radio</a>, the Polish publicly funded radio broadcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_information_dissemination" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Bloc information dissemination">Eastern Bloc information dissemination</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://swling.com/blog/2013/10/polish-radio-external-service-abandons-shortwave/">Polish Radio External Service abandons shortwave | The SWLing Post</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kolpolin.pl/">שידורי חוץ קול פולין</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yiddish-sources.com/naye-khvalyes-yiddish-radio">"Naye Khvalyes Yiddish Radio"</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Poland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://external.polskieradio.pl/">Polish Radio External Service Website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Polish, German, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Hebrew)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://external.polskieradio.pl/Player?id=-5">Listen to Polish Radio External Service online</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Radio_stations_in_Poland" title="Template:Radio stations in Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Radio_stations_in_Poland" title="Template talk:Radio stations in Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Radio_stations_in_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Radio stations in Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish-language_radio_stations" title="List of Polish-language radio stations">Radio stations in Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">Polskie Radio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_Program_I" title="Polskie Radio Program I">Jedynka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_Program_II" title="Polskie Radio Program II">Dwójka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_Program_III" title="Polskie Radio Program III">Trójka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_24" title="Polskie Radio 24">Polskie Radio 24</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audytorium_17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Audytorium 17 (page does not exist)">Audytorium 17</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_Program_IV" title="Polskie Radio Program IV">Czwórka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polskie_Radio_Dzieciom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polskie Radio Dzieciom (page does not exist)">Polskie Radio Dzieciom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polskie_Radio_Chopin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polskie Radio Chopin (page does not exist)">Polskie Radio Chopin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polskie_Radio_Kierowc%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polskie Radio Kierowców (page does not exist)">Polskie Radio Kierowców</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polskie_Radio_Rytm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polskie Radio Rytm (page does not exist)">Polskie Radio Rytm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RMF Group <br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Bauer_Media_Group" title="Bauer Media Group">Bauer Media Group</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMF_FM" title="RMF FM">RMF FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMF_MAXXX" class="mw-redirect" title="RMF MAXXX">RMF MAXX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMF_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMF Classic">RMF Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RMF_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RMF 24 (page does not exist)">RMF 24</a></li> <li>Local radio <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_GRA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio GRA (page does not exist)">Radio GRA</a> (Torun and Wroclaw)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Jura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Jura (page does not exist)">Radio Jura</a> (Częstochowa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio 90 (page does not exist)">Radio 90</a> (Rybnik and Cieszyn)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Alex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Alex (page does not exist)">Radio Alex</a> (Zakopane)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eurozet Group<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Agora_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Agora SA">Agora SA</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_ZET" title="Radio ZET">Radio ZET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Plus_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Plus (Poland)">Radio Plus</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C5%82ote_Przeboje" class="mw-redirect" title="Złote Przeboje">Złote Przeboje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meloradio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meloradio (page does not exist)">Meloradio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TOK_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="TOK FM">TOK FM</a> (66,09%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyradio" title="Antyradio">Antyradio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Pogoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Pogoda (page does not exist)">Radio Pogoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_ZET_Chilli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio ZET Chilli (page does not exist)">Chillizet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_Radio_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rock Radio (Poland) (page does not exist)">Rock Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ZPR Media Group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Eska" title="Radio Eska">Radio Eska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Plus_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Plus (Poland)">Radio Plus</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VOX_FM_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VOX FM (Poland) (page does not exist)">VOX FM</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eska_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eska 2 (page does not exist)">Eska 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eska_Rock" title="Eska Rock">Eska Rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Maryja" title="Radio Maryja">Radio Maryja Polska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Wnet" title="Radio Wnet">Radio Wnet</a></li> <li>Students radio network stations</li> <li>Catholic radio network stations</li> <li>Regional, local and decentralization radio stations</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup><small>management of 9 of 16 local stations</small> <br /><sup><small>2</small></sup><small>Production of the network program and management of 7 of 16 local stations</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_World_Radio_Network" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Template:World Radio Network"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Radio_Network" title="Template talk:World Radio Network"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Radio_Network" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Radio Network"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_World_Radio_Network" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/WRN_Broadcast" title="WRN Broadcast">World Radio Network</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">Akashvani (All India Radio)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banns_Radio_International&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banns Radio International (page does not exist)">Banns Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Africa" title="Channel Africa">Channel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">China Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Radio_International" title="Israel Radio International">Israel Radio International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBR_(news_agency)" title="KBR (news agency)">KBR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KBS_World_Radio" title="KBS World Radio">KBS World Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">Radio Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Australia" title="Radio Australia">Radio Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Damascus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Damascus (page does not exist)">Radio Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Guangdong" title="Radio Guangdong">Radio Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Havana_Cuba" title="Radio Havana Cuba">Radio Havana Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK_World_Radio_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="NHK World Radio Japan">Radio Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Kuwait (page does not exist)">Radio Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNZ_International" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ International">Radio New Zealand International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">Radio Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Prague" title="Radio Prague">Radio Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Romania_International" title="Radio Romania International">Radio Romania International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Slovakia_International" title="Radio Slovakia International">Radio Slovakia International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(news_agency)" title="Sputnik (news agency)">Radio Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SR_International_%E2%80%93_Radio_Sweden" title="SR International – Radio Sweden">Radio Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Taiwan_International" title="Radio Taiwan International">Radio Taiwan International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Thailand_World_Service" title="Radio Thailand World Service">Radio Thailand World Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunis_Cha%C3%AEne_Internationale" title="Radio Tunis Chaîne Internationale">Radio Tunis International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodifusi%C3%B3n_Argentina_al_Exterior" title="Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior">Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio" title="RTÉ Radio">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissinfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Swissinfo">swissinfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Korea" title="Voice of Korea">Voice of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIB_World_Service" title="IRIB World Service">Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_Strait" title="Voice of the Strait">Voice of the Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_Turkey" title="Voice of Turkey">Voice of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Hauser" title="Glenn Hauser">World of Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_media_in_the_former_Eastern_Bloc" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eastern_Bloc_media" title="Template:Eastern Bloc media"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eastern_Bloc_media" title="Template talk:Eastern Bloc media"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern_Bloc_media" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eastern Bloc media"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_media_in_the_former_Eastern_Bloc" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">National media in the former Eastern Bloc</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc_media_and_propaganda" title="Eastern Bloc media and propaganda">Eastern Bloc information dissemination</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Media of the Soviet Union">Media of the Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Broadcasting in the Soviet Union">Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_Committee_of_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Committee of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Soviet Union">State Committee</a> (Gosteleradio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Radio in the Soviet Union">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Television in the Soviet Union">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_media_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Printed media in the Soviet Union">Printed media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Communist_Czechoslovakia" title="Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia">Mass media in Communist Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Newspapers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Soviet Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_newspapers_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Central newspapers of the Soviet Union">Central newspapers</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda" title="Komsomolskaya Pravda">Komsomolskaya Pravda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pionerskaya_Pravda" title="Pionerskaya Pravda">Pionerskaya Pravda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trud_(Russian_newspaper)" title="Trud (Russian newspaper)"><i>Trud</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovetsky_Sport" title="Sovetsky Sport">Sovetsky Sport</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_media_in_the_Soviet_Union#Republican_and_regional_newspapers" title="Printed media in the Soviet Union">Republican newspapers</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Sovetskaya_Rossiya" title="Sovetskaya Rossiya">Sovetskaya Rossiya</a></i> (Russian SFSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zvyazda" title="Zvyazda">Zvyazda</a></i> (Byelorussian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sovetskaya_Latviya" title="Sovetskaya Latviya">Sovetskaya Latviya</a></i> (Latvian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neatkar%C4%ABg%C4%81_R%C4%ABta_Av%C4%ABze" title="Neatkarīgā Rīta Avīze"><i>Cīņa</i></a> (Latvian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiesa" title="Tiesa">Tiesa</a></i> (Lithuanian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kurier_Wile%C5%84ski" title="Kurier Wileński">Czerwony Sztandar</a></i> (Lithuanian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rahva_H%C3%A4%C3%A4l" title="Rahva Hääl">Rahva Hääl</a></i> (Estonian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karjalan_Sanomat" title="Karjalan Sanomat">Neuvosto-Karjala</a></i> (Karelo-Finnish SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komunisti" title="Komunisti">Komunisti</a></i> (Georgian SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yegemen_Qazaqstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yegemen Qazaqstan">Sotsialistik Qazaqstan</a></i> (Kazakh SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_tuusu" title="Kyrgyz tuusu">Sovettik Kyrgyzstan</a></i> (Kirghiz SSR)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moldova_Suveran%C4%83" title="Moldova Suverană">Moldova Socialistă</a></i> (Moldavian SSR)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Borba_(newspaper)" title="Borba (newspaper)">Borba</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Delo_(newspaper)" title="Delo (newspaper)">Delo</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dnevnik_(Novi_Sad)" title="Dnevnik (Novi Sad)">Dnevnik</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esti_Budapest" title="Esti Budapest">Esti Budapest</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esti_H%C3%ADrlap" title="Esti Hírlap">Esti Hírlap</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freie_Erde" title="Freie Erde">Freie Erde</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haqiqat-e_Inquilab-e_Saur" title="Haqiqat-e Inquilab-e Saur">Haqiqat-e Inquilab-e Saur</a></i> (Afghanistan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laiko_Vima" title="Laiko Vima">Laiko Vima</a></i> (Albania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mlad%C3%A1_fronta_Dnes" title="Mladá fronta Dnes">Mladá fronta DNES</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9pszabads%C3%A1g" title="Népszabadság">Népszabadság</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Deutschland" title="Neues Deutschland">Neues Deutschland</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Makedonija" title="Nova Makedonija">Nova Makedonija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novi_list" title="Novi list">Novi list</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oslobo%C4%91enje" title="Oslobođenje">Oslobođenje</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pobjeda" title="Pobjeda">Pobjeda</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">Politika</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politika_Ekspres" title="Politika Ekspres">Politika Ekspres</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pravda_(Slovakia)" title="Pravda (Slovakia)">Pravda</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rabotnichesko_delo" title="Rabotnichesko delo">Rabotnichesko Delo</a></i> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_pr%C3%A1vo" title="Rudé právo">Rudé právo</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%AEnteia" title="Scînteia">Scînteia</a></i> (Romania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slobodna_Dalmacija" title="Slobodna Dalmacija">Slobodna Dalmacija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DSL_Sport" title="DSL Sport">Sport</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sportske_novosti" title="Sportske novosti">Sportske novosti</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trybuna_Ludu" title="Trybuna Ludu">Trybuna Ludu</a></i> (Poland)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernje_novosti" title="Večernje novosti">Večernje novosti</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vjesnik" title="Vjesnik">Vjesnik</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%ABri_i_Popullit" title="Zëri i Popullit">Zëri i Popullit</a></i> (Albania)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atze" title="Atze">Atze</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dolgoz%C3%B3_n%C5%91" title="Dolgozó nő">Dolgozó nő</a></i> (Romania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duga_(magazine)" title="Duga (magazine)">Duga</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEuboks" title="Džuboks">Džuboks</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eulenspiegel_(magazine)" title="Eulenspiegel (magazine)">Eulenspiegel</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Femeia" title="Femeia">Femeia</a></i> (Romania)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Filmspiegel" title="Filmspiegel">Filmspiegel</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Form_und_Zweck" title="Form und Zweck">Form und Zweck</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FR%C3%96SI" title="FRÖSI">FRÖSI</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCr_Dich_(magazine)" title="Für Dich (magazine)">Für Dich</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(magazine)" title="Galaksija (magazine)">Galaksija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guter_Rat" title="Guter Rat">Guter Rat</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izgled" title="Izgled">Izgled</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugend_und_Technik" title="Jugend und Technik">Jugend und Technik</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jugoslavija_(magazine)" title="Jugoslavija (magazine)">Jugoslavija</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevna_re%C4%8D" title="Književna reč">Književna reč</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kultur_im_Heim" title="Kultur im Heim">Kultur im Heim</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lak%C3%A1skult%C3%BAra" title="Lakáskultúra">Lakáskultúra</a></i> (Hungary)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Na%C5%A1a_%C5%BEena" title="Naša žena">Naša žena</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Berliner_Illustrierte" title="Neue Berliner Illustrierte">Neue Berliner Illustrierte</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Werbung" title="Neue Werbung">Neue Werbung</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neuer_Weg_(magazine)" title="Neuer Weg (magazine)">Neuer Weg</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neues_Leben" title="Neues Leben">Neues Leben</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NIN_(magazine)" title="NIN (magazine)">NIN</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novy_Vostok" title="Novy Vostok">Novy Vostok</a></i> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oktyabr_(magazine)" title="Oktyabr (magazine)">Oktyabr</a></i> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pogledi" title="Pogledi">Pogledi</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politikin_Zabavnik" title="Politikin Zabavnik">Politikin Zabavnik</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sibylle_(magazine)" title="Sibylle (magazine)">Sibylle</a></i> (East Germany)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Signal,_International_Review_of_Signalist_Research" title="Signal, International Review of Signalist Research">Signal</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(magazine)" title="Sputnik (magazine)">Sputnik</a></i> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Start_(Yugoslav_magazine)" title="Start (Yugoslav magazine)">Start</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svet_kompjutera" title="Svet kompjutera">Svet kompjutera</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">Svijet</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tempo_(Serbian_magazine)" title="Tempo (Serbian magazine)">Tempo</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tina_(magazine)" title="Tina (magazine)">Tina</a></i> (Yugoslavia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vlasta_(magazine)" title="Vlasta (magazine)">Vlasta</a></i> (Czechoslovakia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">Televizioni Shqiptar</a> (Albania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">Bulgarian National Television</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak Television">ČST</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Fernsehfunk" title="Deutscher Fernsehfunk">DFF</a> (East Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Central_Television" title="Soviet Central Television">Central Television</a> (USSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Programme_One" title="Programme One">Programme One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Two" title="Programme Two">Programme Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Programme" title="Moscow Programme">Moscow Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5TV_(Russian_TV_channel)" title="5TV (Russian TV channel)">Leningrad Television (Russian SFSR)</a></li> <li>Republican stations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">Armenia 1 (Armenian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AzTV" title="AzTV">AzTV (Azerbaijan SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus-1" title="Belarus-1">Belarus Television (Byelorussian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV (Estonian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Channel_(Georgian_TV_channel)" title="First Channel (Georgian TV channel)">First Channel (Georgian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">Rigas Televīzija (Latvian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lietuvos Televizija (Lithuanian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_1" title="Moldova 1">Canalul 1 (Moldavian SSR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershyi" title="Pershyi">Ukrainian Television Ch.1/Ukrainian Television Ch.2 (Ukrainian SSR)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Union_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Union Radio">All-Union Radio</a> (USSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Union_First_Programme" title="All Union First Programme">First Programme</a> (USSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">Eesti Raadio</a> (Estonian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">Latvijas Radio 1</a> (Latvian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">Lietuvos radijas</a> (Lithuanian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Moscow" title="Radio Moscow">Radio Moscow</a> (Russian SFSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Peace_and_Progress" title="Radio Peace and Progress">Radio Peace and Progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">Public Radio of the Armenian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Belarus" title="Radio Belarus">Radio Belarus</a> (Byelorussian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Georgia" title="Radio Georgia">Radio Georgia</a> (Georgian SSR)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_der_DDR" title="Rundfunk der DDR">Rundfunk der DDR</a> (East Germany) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Rundfunk" title="Berliner Rundfunk">Berliner Rundfunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandsender" title="Deutschlandsender">Deutschlandsender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_DDR_1" title="Radio DDR 1">Radio DDR 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_DDR_2" title="Radio DDR 2">Radio DDR 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(radio_station)" title="Sputnik (radio station)">DT64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Berlin_International" title="Radio Berlin International">Radio Berlin International</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">Radio Tirana</a> (Albania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bulgaria" title="Radio Bulgaria">Radio Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizont_(radio_station)" title="Horizont (radio station)">Horizont</a> (Bulgaria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">Magyar Rádió</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kossuth_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Kossuth Rádió">Kossuth Rádió</a> (Hungary)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio Polonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio_Program_I" title="Polskie Radio Program I">Program 1 Polskiego Radia</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">Radio Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TASS" title="TASS">TASS</a> (USSR) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Telegraph_Agency" title="Belarusian Telegraph Agency">BelTA</a> (Byelorussian SSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELTA" title="ELTA">ELTA</a> (Lithuanian SSR)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIA_Novosti" title="RIA Novosti">APN</a> (USSR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Information_Bureau" title="Soviet Information Bureau">Soviet Information Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allgemeiner_Deutscher_Nachrichtendienst" title="Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst">ADN</a> (GDR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_News_Agency" title="Czech News Agency">Czech News Agency</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/24px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/32px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" 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