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construction</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: road construction"> <meta name="keywords" content="road construction"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="road construction"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 4948</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: road construction</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4948</span> Stabilized Earth Roads Construction and Its Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Nikgoo">Mokhtar Nikgoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road definition and road construction: in engineering literature, a road is defined as a means of communication between two different places by air, land, and sea. In this way, all sea, land, and air routes are considered as roads. Road construction is an operation to create a road on the ground between 2 points with a specified width, which includes works such as subgrade, paving, placing tables, and traffic signs on the road. In this article, the stages of road construction are explained from the beginning to the end. Road construction is generally done in the construction of rural, urban, and inter-city roads, and according to the special conditions of this area, the precision of engineers in its design and calculations is very important. For example, if the design of a road does not pay enough attention to the way the road curves, there will undoubtedly be countless accidents. Also, adjusting the road surface and its durability and uniformity are among the things that engineers solve according to the upcoming obstacles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title="road construction">road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveying" title=" surveying"> surveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeway" title=" freeway"> freeway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excavator" title=" excavator"> excavator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173669/stabilized-earth-roads-construction-and-its-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4947</span> Exploring the Relationship between Building Construction Activity and Road-Related Expenditure in Victoria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Aftabuzzaman">Md. Aftabuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Kamruzzaman"> Md. Kamruzzaman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road-related expenditure and building construction activity are two significant drivers of the Victorian economy. This paper investigates the relationship between building construction activity and road-related expenditure. Data for construction activities were collected from Victorian Building Authority, and road-related expenditure data were explored by the Bureau of Infrastructure and Transport Research Economics. The trend between these two sectors was compared. The analysis found a strong relationship between road-related expenditure and the volume of construction activity, i.e., the more construction activities, the greater the requirement of road-related expenditure, or vice-versa. The road-related expenditure has a two-year lag period, suggesting that the road sector requires two years to respond to the growth in the building sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20construction%20activity" title="building construction activity">building construction activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20expenditure" title=" road expenditure"> road expenditure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victorian%20Building%20Authority" title=" Victorian Building Authority"> Victorian Building Authority</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151164/exploring-the-relationship-between-building-construction-activity-and-road-related-expenditure-in-victoria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151164.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">129</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4946</span> Characterization of Copper Slag and Jarofix Waste Materials for Road Construction </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Arora">V. K. Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20G.%20Havanagi"> V. G. Havanagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Sinha"> A. K. Sinha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Copper slag and Jarofix are waste materials, generated during the manufacture of copper and zinc respectively, which have potential for utility in embankment and road construction. Accordingly, a research project was carried out to study the characteristics of copper slag and Jarofix to utilize in the construction of road. In this study, copper slag and Jarofix were collected from Tuticorin, State of Tamil Nadu and Hindustan Zinc Ltd., Chittorgarh, Rajasthan state, India respectively. These materials were investigated for their physical, chemical, and geotechnical characteristics. The materials were collected from the disposal area and laboratory investigations were carried out to study its feasibility for use in the construction of embankment and sub grade layers of road pavement. This paper presents the results of physical, chemical and geotechnical characteristics of copper slag and Jarofix. It was concluded that copper slag and Jarofix may be utilized in the construction of road. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20slag" title="copper slag">copper slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jarofix%20waste" title=" Jarofix waste"> Jarofix waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material" title=" material"> material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title=" road construction"> road construction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2009/characterization-of-copper-slag-and-jarofix-waste-materials-for-road-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4945</span> The Impact of Road Development on the Emergence of the Commercial Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ida%20Bagus%20Ilham%20Malik">Ida Bagus Ilham Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bart%20Julian%20Dewancker"> Bart Julian Dewancker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The road construction will affect the development of the region along the new road. With this principle, the government developed Antasari Street in order to become one of the main economic corridors for the city of Bandar Lampung. Since its construction in 1997, Antasari Street developed into one of the main economic corridors that greatly affect the economic condition of the city, in addition to other economic corridors such as Pagar Alam Street and Teuku Umar Street. The data shows that the construction of roads affects economic development in the corridor that with the advent of commercial buildings in large quantities. Among them are shops, office, restaurants, and a car showroom. This study proves that the road construction could accelerate the economic progress of the road corridor, especially in the construction and development of urban roads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20development" title="road development">road development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial%20area" title=" commercial area"> commercial area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antasari%20street" title=" Antasari street"> Antasari street</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandar%20Lampung" title=" Bandar Lampung"> Bandar Lampung</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55452/the-impact-of-road-development-on-the-emergence-of-the-commercial-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4944</span> Treatment of Dredged Marine Sediments for Their Reuse in Road Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ben%20Abdelghani">F. Ben Abdelghani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Maherezi"> W. Maherezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dredging operations generate, each year, a great quantity of marine sediments. These raw materials can not be used in road construction without a specific treatment process. Sediments suitability tests has shown that most of studied sediments are not suitable to be used in road construction. In order to improve their compacity and their mechanical performance, addition of a granular material is recommended. The use of a dredged sand, to improve the granular mixture containing sediments, allows a better management of the two types of dredge materials (sand and sediment). In this study, a new road material containing dredged marine sediments and dredged sand is formulated and treated by adding various binders. Mechanical performance investigation of different mixtures by measuring Proctor-IPI values and simple compressive strengths is realized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dredged%20sediments" title="dredged sediments">dredged sediments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=suitability%20tests" title=" suitability tests"> suitability tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title=" road construction"> road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20binder" title=" hydraulic binder"> hydraulic binder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20performance" title=" mechanical performance"> mechanical performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41254/treatment-of-dredged-marine-sediments-for-their-reuse-in-road-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4943</span> Modeling the Impacts of Road Construction on Lands Values</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maha%20Almumaiz">Maha Almumaiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20Evdorides"> Harry Evdorides</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Change in land value typically occurs when a new interurban road construction causes an increase in accessibility; this change in the adjacent lands values differs according to land characteristics such as geographic location, land use type, land area and sale time (appraisal time). A multiple regression model is obtained to predict the percent change in land value (CLV) based on four independent variables namely land distance from the constructed road, area of land, nature of land use and time from the works completion of the road. The random values of percent change in land value were generated using Microsoft Excel with a range of up to 35%. The trend of change in land value with the four independent variables was determined from the literature references. The statistical analysis and model building process has been made by using the IBM SPSS V23 software. The Regression model suggests, for lands that are located within 3 miles as the straight distance from the road, the percent CLV is between (0-35%) which is depending on many factors including distance from the constructed road, land use, land area and time from works completion of the new road. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interurban%20road" title="interurban road">interurban road</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20types" title=" land use types"> land use types</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20road%20construction" title=" new road construction"> new road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=percent%20CLV" title=" percent CLV"> percent CLV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regression%20model" title=" regression model"> regression model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55333/modeling-the-impacts-of-road-construction-on-lands-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4942</span> Effect of Highway Construction on Soil Properties and Soil Organic Carbon (Soc) Along Lagos-Badagry Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatai%20Olakunle%20Ogundele">Fatai Olakunle Ogundele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road construction is increasingly common in today's world as human development expands and people increasingly rely on cars for transportation on a daily basis. The construction of a large network of roads has dramatically altered the landscape and impacted well-being in a number of deleterious ways. In addition, the road can also shift population demographics and be a source of pollution into the environment. Road construction activities normally result in changes in alteration of the soil's physical properties through soil compaction on the road itself and on adjacent areas and chemical and biological properties, among other effects. Understanding roadside soil properties that are influenced by road construction activities can serve as a basis for formulating conservation-based management strategies. Therefore, this study examined the effects of road construction on soil properties and soil organic carbon along Lagos Badagry Expressway, Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted purposive sampling techniques and 40 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 – 30cm from each of the identified road intersections and infrastructures using a soil auger. The soil samples collected were taken to the laboratory for soil properties and carbon stock analysis using standard methods. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data obtained. The results revealed that soil compaction inhibits ecological succession on roadsides in that increased compaction suppresses plant growth as well as causes changes in soil quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway" title="highway">highway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20properties" title=" soil properties"> soil properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20carbon" title=" organic carbon"> organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title=" road construction"> road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20degradation" title=" land degradation"> land degradation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161302/effect-of-highway-construction-on-soil-properties-and-soil-organic-carbon-soc-along-lagos-badagry-expressway-lagos-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4941</span> Experimental Study of Application of Steel Slag as Aggregate in Road Construction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meftah%20M.%20Elsaraiti">Meftah M. Elsaraiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Milad%20Elsariti"> Samir Milad Elsariti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Steel slag is a by-product of the steel production and utilizing it potentially as new or substitute materials in road construction is advantageous regarding cost reduction and flattening improvement or properties pavement. Ease of use, low cost, and resource availability are some of few advantages of reuse and recycling of steel slag. This study assesses the use of Steel Slag Aggregates (SSA) as an alternative to natural road building aggregates. This paper discusses the basic characteristics of steel slag based on extensive laboratory tests, and to determine the possibilities of using steel slag in road construction. Samples were taken from the furnaces directly at different times and dates. Moreover, random samples were also taken from the slag field from various areas at different far distances from each other. A necessary analysis was performed through the use of (XRF). Three different percentages of SSA (0, 50 and 100%) were added as an alternative to natural aggregate in hot mix asphalt (HMA) production. The proposed design of the mix was made according to the Marshall mix design. The results of the experiments revealed that the percentages of iron oxide ranged from (9 to 26%) and that the addition of SSA has a significant improvement on HMA properties. It was observed that the Marshall stability obtained in the mix of 100% slag ranged from 600 to 800 N as a minimum, and the flow of Marshall obtained from 2.4 to 3.23 mm and the specification requires from 2 to 4 mm. The results may be showed possibilities to use steel slag as new or substitute materials in road construction in Libya. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=by-product%20material" title="by-product material">by-product material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=properties" title=" properties"> properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title=" road construction"> road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20slag" title=" steel slag"> steel slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93914/experimental-study-of-application-of-steel-slag-as-aggregate-in-road-construction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4940</span> Investigating the Contribution of Road Construction on Soil Erosion, a Case Study of Engcobo Local Municipality, Chris Hani District, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yamkela%20Zitwana">Yamkela Zitwana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion along the roads and/or road riparian areas has become a norm in the Eastern Cape. Soil erosion refers to the detachment and transportation of soil from one area (onsite) to another (offsite). This displacement or removal of soil can be caused by water, air and sometimes gravity. This will focus on accelerated soil erosion which is the result of human interference with the environment. Engcobo local municipality falls within the Eastern Cape Province in the eastern side of CHRIS HANI District municipality. The focus road is R61 protruding from the Engcobo town outskirts along the Nyanga SSS on the way to Umtata although it will cover few Kilometers away from Engcobo. This research aims at looking at the contribution made by road construction to soil erosion. Steps to achieve the result will involve revisiting the phases of road construction through unstructured interviews, identifying the types of soil erosion evident in the area by doing a checklist, checking the material, utensils and equipment used for road construction and the contribution of road construction through stratified random sampling checking the soil color and texture. This research will use a pragmatic approach which combines related methods and consider the flaws of each method so as to ensure validity, precision and accuracy. Both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used. Statistical methods and GIS analysis will be used to analyze the collected data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20erosion" title="soil erosion">soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20riparian" title=" road riparian"> road riparian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20soil%20erosion" title=" accelerated soil erosion"> accelerated soil erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title=" road construction"> road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling" title=" sampling"> sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universal%20soil%20loss%20model" title=" universal soil loss model"> universal soil loss model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20analysis" title=" GIS analysis"> GIS analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20groups" title=" focus groups"> focus groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative" title=" qualitative"> qualitative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20method" title=" quantitative method"> quantitative method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research" title=" research"> research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=checklist%20questionnaires" title=" checklist questionnaires"> checklist questionnaires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unstructured%20interviews" title=" unstructured interviews"> unstructured interviews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pragmatic%20approach" title=" pragmatic approach"> pragmatic approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37344/investigating-the-contribution-of-road-construction-on-soil-erosion-a-case-study-of-engcobo-local-municipality-chris-hani-district-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4939</span> Providing a Road Pricing and Toll Allocation Method for Toll Roads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Babaei">Ali Babaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is a worldwide growing tendency toward construction of infrastructures with the possibility of private sector participation instead of free exploitation of public infrastructures. The construction and development of roads through private sector participation is performed by different countries because of appropriate results and benefits such as compensation of public budget deficit in road construction and maintenance and responding to traffic growth (demand). Toll is the most definite form of budget provision in road development. There are two issues in the toll rate assignment: A. costing of transport, B. Cost allocation and distribution of cost between different types of vehicles as each vehicle pay its own share. There can be different goals in toll collection and its extent is variable according to the strategy of toll collection. Costing principles in different countries are based on inclusion of the whole transport and not peculiar to the toll roads. For example, fuel tax policy functions where the road network users pay transportation cost (not just users of toll road). Whereas transportation infrastructures in Iran are free, these methods are not applicable. In Iran, different toll freeways have built by public investment and government provides participation in the road construction through encouragement of financial institutions. In this paper, the existing policies about the toll roads are studied and then the appropriate method of costing and cost allocation to different vehicles is introduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20allocation" title="toll allocation">toll allocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20pricing" title=" road pricing"> road pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20and%20industrial%20systems" title=" financial and industrial systems"> financial and industrial systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827/providing-a-road-pricing-and-toll-allocation-method-for-toll-roads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4938</span> Bridge Construction and Type of Bridges and Their Construction Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mokhtar%20Nikgoo">Mokhtar Nikgoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Definition of bridge: A bridge is a structure that allows people to pass through the communication road with two points. There are many different types of bridges, each of which is designed to perform a specific function. This article introduces the concept, history, components, uses, types, construction methods, selected factors, damage factors and principles of bridge maintenance. A bridge is a structure to cross a passage such as a water, valley or road without blocking another path underneath. This structure makes it possible to pass obstacles that are difficult or impossible to pass. There are different designs for bridge construction, each of which is used for a particular function and condition. In the old definition, a bridge is an arch over a river, valley, or any type of passage that makes traffic possible. But today, in the topic of urban management, the bridge is considered as a structure to cross physical barriers, so that while using space (not just the surface of the earth), it can facilitate the passage and access to places. The useful life of bridges may be between 30 and 80 years depending on the location and the materials used. But with proper maintenance and improvement, their life may last for hundreds of years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title=" road construction"> road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveying" title=" surveying"> surveying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173987/bridge-construction-and-type-of-bridges-and-their-construction-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4937</span> Design of New Sustainable Pavement Concrete: An Experimental Road</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20Rosales">Manuel Rosales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Agrela"> Francisco Agrela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Rosales"> Julia Rosales</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of concrete pavements that include recycled waste with active and predictive safety features is a possible approach to mitigate the harmful impacts of the construction industry, such as CO2 emissions and the consumption of energy and natural resources during the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure. This study establishes the basis for formulating new smart materials for concrete pavements and carrying out the in-situ implementation of an experimental road section. To this end, a comprehensive recycled pavement solution is developed that combines eco-hybrid cement made with 25% mixed recycled aggregate powder (pMRA) and biomass bottom ash powder (pBBA) and a 30% substitution of natural aggregate by MRA and BBA. This work is grouped in three lines. 1) construction materials with high rates of use of recycled material, 2) production processes with efficient consumption of natural resources and use of cleaner energies, and 3) implementation and monitoring of road section with sustainable concrete made from waste. The objective of this study is to ensure satisfactory rheology, mechanical strength, durability, and CO2 capture of pavement concrete manufactured from waste and its subsequent application in real road section as well as its monitoring to establish the optimal range of recycled material. The concrete developed during this study are aimed at the reuse of waste, promoting the circular economy. For this purpose, and after having carried out different tests in the laboratory, three mixtures were established to be applied on the experimental road. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20bottom%20ash" title="biomass bottom ash">biomass bottom ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" construction and demolition waste"> construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20concrete%20pavements" title=" recycled concrete pavements"> recycled concrete pavements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full-scale%20experimental%20road" title=" full-scale experimental road"> full-scale experimental road</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monitoring" title=" monitoring"> monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162790/design-of-new-sustainable-pavement-concrete-an-experimental-road" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4936</span> Development of K-Factor for Road Geometric Design: A Case Study of North Coast Road in Java </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20Hidayat">Edwin Hidayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Redi%20Yulianto"> Redi Yulianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disi%20Hanafiah"> Disi Hanafiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> On the one hand, parameters which are used for determining the number of lane on the new road construction are average annual average daily traffic (AADT) and peak hour factor (K-factor). On the other hand, the value of K-factor listed in the guidelines and manual for road planning in Indonesia is a value of adoption or adaptation from foreign guidelines or manuals. Thus, the value is less suitable for Indonesian condition due to differences in road conditions, vehicle type, and driving behavior. The purpose of this study is to provide an example on how to determine k-factor values at a road segment with particular conditions in north coast road, West Java. The methodology is started with collecting traffic volume data for 24 hours over 365 days using PLATO (Automated Traffic Counter) with the approach of video image processing. Then, the traffic volume data is divided into per hour and analyzed by comparing the peak traffic volume in the 30th hour (or other) with the AADT in the same year. The analysis has resulted that for the 30th peak hour the K-factor is 0.97. This value can be used for planning road geometry or evaluating the road capacity performance for the 4/2D interurban road. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20geometry" title="road geometry">road geometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-factor" title=" K-factor"> K-factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annual%20average%20daily%20traffic" title=" annual average daily traffic"> annual average daily traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=north%20coast%20road" title=" north coast road"> north coast road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95926/development-of-k-factor-for-road-geometric-design-a-case-study-of-north-coast-road-in-java" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4935</span> Economic and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Construction and Demolition Waste Management System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanqing%20Yi">Yanqing Yi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Cristina%20Lavagnolo"> Maria Cristina Lavagnolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Manzardo"> Alessandro Manzardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is a major challenge in the European Union, emphasizing the urgent need for appropriate waste management processes. Selecting these solutions is challenging, as it requires identifying efficient C&DW management techniques that balance acceptable practices, regulatory compliance, resource conservation, economic viability, and environmental concerns. Techniques for analyzing many kinds of criteria allow for the use of multi-criteria analysis in life cycle assessment (LCA). Although LCA is commonly used to analyze environmental effects, the economic factor has not been fully integrated into the LCA approach in C&DW management. The life cycle costing (LCC) approach was designed to assess economic performance in the C&DW management process. The choice of an effective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) technique is critical for the C&DW system. This study seeks to propose a model that employs MCDM by considering LCA and LCC results, thereby augmenting both environmental and economic sustainability. A widely used compensatory MCDM technique, TOPSIS, has been chosen to identify the most effective C&DW management scheme by comparing and ranking various scenarios. Four waste management alternatives were examined in the Lombardy region of Italy, namely, (i) landfill; (ii) recycling for concrete production and road construction, incineration with energy recovery; (iii) recycling for road construction; (iv) recycling for concrete production and road construction. We determine that, with the implementation of various scenarios, the most suitable scenario emerges to be recycled for concrete production and road construction, with a score of 0.711/1; recycling for road construction, with a final score of 0.291/1, ranks second; recycling for concrete production and road construction, incineration with energy recovery scores 0.002/1, ranks third; and landfill (scores: 0/1) is the worst choice, indicating it has the highest environmental impact. Finally, suggestions were developed to improve the system's environmental performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title="life cycle assessment">life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20costing" title=" life cycle costing"> life cycle costing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" construction and demolition waste"> construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-criteria%20decision%20making" title=" multi-criteria decision making"> multi-criteria decision making</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182607/economic-and-environmental-life-cycle-analysis-of-construction-and-demolition-waste-management-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4934</span> Study of Causes and Effects of Road Projects Abandonment in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monsuru%20Oyenola%20Popoola">Monsuru Oyenola Popoola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladapo%20Samson%20Abiola"> Oladapo Samson Abiola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wusamotu%20Alao%20Adeniji"> Wusamotu Alao Adeniji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalent and incessant abandonment of road construction projects are alarming that it creates several negative effects to social, economic and environmental values of the project. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and determined the various causes and effects of abandoning road construction projects in Nigeria. Likert Scale questionnaire design was used to administered and analysed the data obtained for the stydy. 135 (Nr) questionnaires were completed and retrieved from the respondents, out of 200 (Nr) questionnaires sent out, representing a response rate of 67.5%. The analysis utilized the Relative Importance Index (R.I.I.) method and the results are presented in tabular form. The findings confirms that at least 20 factors were the causes of road projects abandonment in Nigeria with most including Leadership Instability, Improper Project Planning, Inconsistence in government policies and Design, Contractor Incompetence, Economy Instability and Inflation, Delay in remittance of money, Improper financial analysis, Poor risk management, Climatic Conditions, Improper Project Estimates etc. The findings also show that at least eight (8) effect were identified on the system, and these include; Waste of Financial Resources, Loss of economic value, Environmental degradation, Loss of economic value, Reduction in standard of living, Litigation and Arbitration, etc. The reflection is that allocating reasonable finance, developing appropriate and effective implementation plans and monitoring, evaluation and reporting on development project activities by key actors should enhance in resolving the problem of road projects abandonment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction" title="road construction">road construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abandonment%20of%20road%20projects" title=" abandonment of road projects"> abandonment of road projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climatic%20condition" title=" climatic condition"> climatic condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=project%20planning" title=" project planning"> project planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contractor" title=" contractor"> contractor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69161/study-of-causes-and-effects-of-road-projects-abandonment-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4933</span> Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Cracks on Road Surfaces and the Causes of Their Formation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainura%20Kairanbayeva">Ainura Kairanbayeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the issue of maintaining the operational condition of highways at the required level is acute in Kazakhstan. The impact of landslides on the state of the road industry in Kazakhstan has been poorly studied. This article presents the classification of natural hazards and examines the influence of atmospheric natural processes on the operational condition of the sections of the highway "Ayusai–Kosmostantsia" passing along the mountain slopes of the Trans-Ili Alatau. According to the results of field studies, multi-turn reflected cracks have been identified, this is also due to the fact that the base of the road is made of a sand-gravel mixture and is not treated with reinforcing additives and the actual density of the asphalt concrete pavement is below regulatory requirements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20materials%20and%20products" title="building materials and products">building materials and products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20of%20highways%20and%20engineering%20structures" title=" construction of highways and engineering structures"> construction of highways and engineering structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20processes" title=" construction processes"> construction processes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacements%20of%20the%20earth%27s%20surface" title=" displacements of the earth's surface"> displacements of the earth's surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geodynamic%20processes" title=" geodynamic processes"> geodynamic processes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168766/factors-affecting-the-occurrence-of-cracks-on-road-surfaces-and-the-causes-of-their-formation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4932</span> Imaginations of the Silk Road in Sven Hedin’s Travel Writings: 1900-1936</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kexin%20Tan">Kexin Tan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silk Road is a concept idiosyncratic in nature. Western scholars co-created and conceptualized in its early days, transliterated into the countries along the Silk Road, redefined, reimagined, and reconfigured by the public in the second half of the twentieth century. Therefore, the image is not only a mirror of the discursive interactions between East and West but Self and Other. The travel narrative of Sven Hedin, through which the Silk Road was enriched in meanings and popularized, is the focus of this study. This article examines how the Silk Road was imagined in three key texts of Sven Hedin: The Silk Road, The Wandering Lake, and The Flight of “Big Horse”. Three recurring themes are extracted and analyzed: the Silk Road, the land of enigmas, the virgin land, and the reconnecting road. Ideas about ethnotypes and images drawn from theorists such as Joep Leerssen have been deployed in the analysis. This research tracks how the images were configured, concentrating on China’s ethnotypes, travel writing tropes, and the Silk Road discourse that preceded Sven Hedin. Hedin’s role in his expedition, his geopolitical viewpoints, and the commercial considerations of his books are also discussed in relation to the intellectual construct of the Silk Road. It is discovered that the images of the Silk Road and the discursive traditions behind it are mobile rather than static, inclusive than antithetical. The paradoxical characters of the Silk Road reveal the complexity of the socio-historical background of Hedin’s time, as well as the collision of discursive traditions and practical issues. While it is true that Hedin’s discursive construction of the Silk Road image embodies the bias of Self-West against Other-East, its characteristics such as fluidity and openness could probably offer a hint at its resurgence in the postcolonial era. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20silk%20road" title="the silk road">the silk road</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sven%20Hedin" title=" Sven Hedin"> Sven Hedin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imagology" title=" imagology"> imagology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnotype" title=" ethnotype"> ethnotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=travelogue" title=" travelogue"> travelogue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140016/imaginations-of-the-silk-road-in-sven-hedins-travel-writings-1900-1936" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4931</span> Risk-Based Institutional Evaluation of Trans Sumatera Toll Road Infrastructure Development to Improve Time Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ridho%20Fakhrin">Muhammad Ridho Fakhrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leni%20Sagita%20Riantini"> Leni Sagita Riantini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Latief"> Yusuf Latief</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the 2015-2019 RPJMN data, the realization of toll road infrastructure development in Indonesia experienced a delay of 49% or 904 km of the total plan. One of the major causes of delays in development is caused by institutional factors. The case study taken in this research is the construction of the Trans Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS). The purpose of this research is to identify the institutional forms, functions, roles, duties, and responsibilities of each stakeholder and the risks that occur in the Trans Sumatra Toll Road Infrastructure Development. Risk analysis is implemented on functions, roles, duties, responsibilities of each existing stakeholder and is carried out at the Funding Stage, Technical Planning Stage, and Construction Implementation Stage in JTTS. This research is conducted by collecting data through a questionnaire survey, then processed using statistical methods, such as homogeneity, data adequacy, validity, and reliability test, continued with risk assessment based on a risk matrix. The results of this study are the evaluation and development of institutional functions in risk-based JTTS development can improve time performance and minimize delays in the construction process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional" title="institutional">institutional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20performance" title=" time performance"> time performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toll%20road" title=" toll road"> toll road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145085/risk-based-institutional-evaluation-of-trans-sumatera-toll-road-infrastructure-development-to-improve-time-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4930</span> Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Construction Phase of Highway Sector in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanyuan%20Liu">Yuanyuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanqing%20Wang"> Yuanqing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Di%20Li"> Di Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions mitigation from road construction activities is one of the potential pathways to deal with climate change due to its higher use of materials, machinery energy consumption, and high quantity of vehicle and equipment fuels for transportation and on-site construction activities. Aiming to assess the environmental impact of the road infrastructure construction activities and to identify hotspots of emissions sources, this study developed a life-cycle CO2 emissions assessment framework covering three stages of material production, to-site and on-site transportation under the guidance of the principle of LCA ISO14040. Then streamlined inventory analysis on sub-processes of each stage was conducted based on the budget files from cases of highway projects in China. The calculation results were normalized into functional unit represented as ton per km per lane. Then a comparison between the amount of emissions from each stage, and sub-process was made to identify the major contributor in the whole highway lifecycle. In addition, the calculating results were used to be compared with results in other countries for understanding the level of CO2 emissions associated with Chinese road infrastructure in the world. The results showed that materials production stage produces the most of the CO2 emissions (for more than 80%), and the production of cement and steel accounts for large quantities of carbon emissions. Life cycle CO2 emissions of fuel and electric energy associated with to-site and on-site transportation vehicle and equipment are a minor component of total life cycle CO2 emissions from highway project construction activities. Bridges and tunnels are dominant large carbon contributor compared to the road segments. The life cycle CO2 emissions of road segment in highway project in China are slightly higher than the estimation results of highways in European countries and USA, about 1500 ton per km per lane. In particularly, the life cycle CO2 emissions of road pavement in majority cities all over the world are about 500 ton per km per lane. However, there is obvious difference between the cities when the estimation on life cycle CO2 emissions of highway projects included bridge and tunnel. The findings of the study could offer decision makers a more comprehensive reference to understand the contribution of road infrastructure to climate change, especially understand the contribution from road infrastructure construction activities in China. In addition, the identified hotspots of emissions sources provide the insights of how to reduce road carbon emissions for development of sustainable transportation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide%20emissions" title="carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20activities" title=" construction activities"> construction activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway" title=" highway"> highway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70022/life-cycle-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-the-construction-phase-of-highway-sector-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70022.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4929</span> GIS-Based Topographical Network for Minimum “Exertion” Routing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katherine%20Carl%20Payne">Katherine Carl Payne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshe%20Dror"> Moshe Dror</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of minimum cost routing has been extensively explored in a variety of contexts. While there is a prevalence of routing applications based on least distance, time, and related attributes, exertion-based routing has remained relatively unexplored. In particular, the network structures traditionally used to construct minimum cost paths are not suited to representing exertion or finding paths of least exertion based on road gradient. In this paper, we introduce a topographical network or “topograph” that enables minimum cost routing based on the exertion metric on each arc in a given road network as it is related to changes in road gradient. We describe an algorithm for topograph construction and present the implementation of the topograph on a road network of the state of California with ~22 million nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topograph" title="topograph">topograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RPE" title=" RPE"> RPE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title=" routing"> routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20618/gis-based-topographical-network-for-minimum-exertion-routing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">545</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4928</span> Investigating of the Fuel Consumption in Construction Machinery and Ways to Reduce Fuel Consumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Bahboodian">Reza Bahboodian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important factors in the use of construction machinery is the fuel consumption cost of this equipment. The use of diesel engines in off-road vehicles is an important source of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter 10 in off-road vehicles (construction and mining) may be high. Due to the high cost of fuel, it is necessary to minimize fuel consumption. Factors affecting the fuel consumption of these cars are very diverse. Climate changes such as changes in pressure, temperature, humidity, fuel type selection, type of gearbox used in the car are effective in fuel consumption and pollution, and engine efficiency. In this paper, methods for reducing fuel consumption and pollutants by considering valid European and European standards are examined based on new methods such as hybridization, optimal gear change, adding hydrogen to diesel fuel, determining optimal working fluids, and using oxidation catalysts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improve%20fuel%20consumption" title="improve fuel consumption">improve fuel consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20machinery" title=" construction machinery"> construction machinery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutant%20reduction" title=" pollutant reduction"> pollutant reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determining%20the%20optimal%20working%20cycle" title=" determining the optimal working cycle"> determining the optimal working cycle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136399/investigating-of-the-fuel-consumption-in-construction-machinery-and-ways-to-reduce-fuel-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4927</span> Safety Analysis and Accident Modeling of Transportation in Srinagar City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinarayana%20Badveeti">Adinarayana Badveeti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Shafi%20Mir"> Mohammad Shafi Mir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Srinagar city, in India, road safety is an important aspect that creates ecological balance and social well being. A road accident creates a situation that leaves behind distress, sorrow, and sufferings. Therefore identification of causes of road accidents becomes highly essential for adopting necessary preventive measures against a critical event. The damage created by road accidents to large extent is unrepairable and therefore needs attention to eradicate this continuously increasing trend of awful 'epidemic'. Road accident in India is among the highest in the world, with at least approximately 142.000 people killed each year on the road. Kashmir region is an ecologically sensitive place but lacks necessary facilities and infrastructure regarding road transportation, ultimately resulting in the critical event-road accidents creating a major problem for common people in the region. The objective of this project is to study the safety aspect of Srinagar City and also model the accidents with different aspect that causes accidents and also to suggest the possible remedies for lessening/eliminating the road accidents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20accident" title=" road accident"> road accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20infrastructure" title=" road infrastructure"> road infrastructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident%20modeling" title=" accident modeling"> accident modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82507/safety-analysis-and-accident-modeling-of-transportation-in-srinagar-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4926</span> A Development of a Conceptual Framework for Safety Culture and Safety Risk Assessment: The Case of Chinese International Construction Projects under the “New Belt and Road” Initiative in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouba%20Oumarou%20Aboubakar">Bouba Oumarou Aboubakar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HongXia%20Li"> HongXia Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sardar%20Annes%20Farooq"> Sardar Annes Farooq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Belt and Road Initiative’s success strongly depends on the safety of all the million workers on construction projects sites. As the new BRI is directed toward Africa and meets a completely different culture from the Chinese project managers, maintaining low risk for workers risks shall be closely related to cultural sharing and mutual understanding. This is why this work introduces a cultural-wise safety management framework for Chinese Construction projects in Africa. The theoretical contribution of this paper is an improved risk assessment framework that integrates language, culture and difficulty of controlling risk factors into one approach. Practically, this study provides not only a useful tool for project safety management practitioners but the full understanding of all risks that may arise in the BRI projects in Africa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural-wise" title="cultural-wise">cultural-wise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20culture" title=" safety culture"> safety culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20construction" title=" Chinese construction"> Chinese construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BRI%20projects" title=" BRI projects"> BRI projects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174525/a-development-of-a-conceptual-framework-for-safety-culture-and-safety-risk-assessment-the-case-of-chinese-international-construction-projects-under-the-new-belt-and-road-initiative-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4925</span> Self-Directed-Car on GT Road: Grand Trunk Road</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rameez%20Ahmad">Rameez Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqib%20Mehmood"> Aqib Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Khan"> Imran Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Self-directed car (SDC) that can drive itself from one fact to another without support from a driver. Certain trust that self-directed car obligate the probable to transform the transportation manufacturing while essentially removing coincidences, and cleaning up the environment. This study realizes the effects that SDC (also called a self-driving, driver or robotic) vehicle travel demands and ride scheme is likely to have. Without the typical obstacles that allows detection of a audio vision based hardware and software construction (It (SDC) and cost benefits, the vehicle technologies, Gold (Generic Obstacle and Lane Detection) to a knowledge-based system to predict their potential and consider the shape, color, or balance) and an organized environment with colored lane patterns, lane position ban. Discovery the problematic consequence of (SDC) on GT (grand trunk road) road and brand the car further effectual. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDC" title="SDC">SDC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold" title=" gold"> gold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GT" title=" GT"> GT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge-based%20system" title=" knowledge-based system"> knowledge-based system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30033/self-directed-car-on-gt-road-grand-trunk-road" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30033.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4924</span> A Statistical Study on Young UAE Driver’s Behavior towards Road Safety</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadia%20Afroza">Sadia Afroza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakiba%20Rouf"> Rakiba Rouf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Road safety and associated behaviors have received significant attention in recent years, reflecting general public concern. This paper portrays a statistical scenario of the young drivers in UAE with emphasis on various concern points of young driver’s behavior and license issuance. Although there are many factors contributing to road accidents, statistically it is evident that age plays a major role in road accidents. Despite ensuring strict road safety laws enforced by the UAE government, there is a staggering correlation among road accidents and young driver’s at UAE. However, private organizations like BMW and RoadSafetyUAE have extended its support on conducting surveys on driver’s behavior with an aim to ensure road safety. Various strategies such as road safety law enforcement, license issuance, adapting new technologies like safety cameras and raising awareness can be implemented to improve the road safety concerns among young drivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20behavior" title="driving behavior">driving behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graduated%20Driver%20Licensing%20System%20%28GLDS%29" title=" Graduated Driver Licensing System (GLDS)"> Graduated Driver Licensing System (GLDS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAE%20drivers" title=" UAE drivers"> UAE drivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20drivers" title=" young drivers"> young drivers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80430/a-statistical-study-on-young-uae-drivers-behavior-towards-road-safety" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4923</span> The Design of Imaginable Urban Road Landscape</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Zhenzhen">Wang Zhenzhen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xu"> Wang Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Liangping"> Hong Liangping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of cities, the way that people commute has changed greatly, meanwhile, people turn to require more on physical and psychological aspects in the contemporary world. However, the current urban road landscape ignores these changes, for example, those road landscape elements are boring, confusing, fragmented and lack of integrity and hierarchy. Under such current situation, in order to shape beautiful, identifiable and unique road landscape, this article concentrates on the target of imaginability. This paper analyses the main elements of the urban road landscape, the concept of image and its generation mechanism, and then discusses the necessity and connotation of building imaginable urban road landscape as well as the main problems existing in current urban road landscape in terms of imaginability. Finally, this paper proposes how to design imaginable urban road landscape in details based on a specific case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identifiability" title="identifiability">identifiability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaginability" title=" imaginability"> imaginability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20landscape" title=" road landscape"> road landscape</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20image%20of%20the%20city" title=" the image of the city"> the image of the city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7062/the-design-of-imaginable-urban-road-landscape" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4922</span> Perception of Risk toward Traffic Violence among Road Users in Makassar, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sulasmi%20Sudirman">Sulasmi Sudirman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmadanty%20Mujah%20Hartika"> Rachmadanty Mujah Hartika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic violence is currently a big issue in Indonesia. However, the road users perceived risk that is caused by traffic violence is low. The lack of safety driving awareness is one of the factors that road users committed to traffic violence. There are several lists of common traffic violence in Indonesia such as lack of physical fitness, not wearing helmet, unfasten seatbelt, breaking through the traffic light, not holding a driving license, and some more violence. This research sought to explore the perception of road users toward traffic violence. The participants were road users in Makassar, Indonesia who were using cars and motorbikes. The method of the research was a qualitative approach by using a personal interview to collect data. The research showed that there three main ideas of perceiving traffic violence which are motives, environment that supported traffic violence, and reinforcement. The road users committed traffic violence had particular motive, for example, rushing. The road users committed to traffic violence when other road users and significant other did the same. The road users committed traffic violence when the police were not there to give a ticket. It can be concluded that the perception of road users toward traffic violence determined by internal aspect, the social aspect, and regulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title="perception">perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20users" title=" road users"> road users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic" title=" traffic"> traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105587/perception-of-risk-toward-traffic-violence-among-road-users-in-makassar-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4921</span> Applications of Social Marketing in Road Safety of Georgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charita%20Jashi">Charita Jashi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the paper is to explore the role of social marketing in changing the behavior of consumers on road safety, identify critical aspects and priority needs which impede the implementation of road safety program in Georgia. Given the goals of the study, a quantitative method was used to carry out interviews for primary data collection. This research identified the awareness level of road safety, legislation base, and marketing interventions to change behavior of drivers and pedestrians. During several years the non-governmental sector together with the local authorities and media have been very intensively working on the road safety issue in Georgia, but only seat-belts campaign should be considered rather successful. Despite achievements in this field, efficiency of road safety programs far from fulfillment and needs strong empowering. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title="road safety">road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20marketing%20interventions" title=" social marketing interventions"> social marketing interventions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20change" title=" behavior change"> behavior change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89163/applications-of-social-marketing-in-road-safety-of-georgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4920</span> A Study on Establishing Criteria for Installation of Small Road Signs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-KeunBaik">Sang-KeunBaik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyu-Soo%20Chong"> Kyu-Soo Chong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon-Yeop%20Na"> Joon-Yeop Na</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study attempts to reduce the wind load of road signs, improve roadside landscaping, and enhance the safety of road users by establishing criteria for the installation of small road signs. First, we derive the minimum font size that can be used on road signs according to the road’s design speed by considering the visibility and legibility of such road signs. We classify road junctions into eight types based on junction type (intersection, interchange, and expressway) and on the number of road lanes. Furthermore, we propose small sign alternatives, to which the minimum font size is applied, to be placed by each road junction. To verify the effects of the small signs, we implemented a 3D simulation road environment, to which the small road signs were applied, and performed experiments using the driving simulator targeting 50 drivers. The experiments compared and analyzed the effects, whether the driver proceeds to the desired exit and the average driving time, between the existing large road signs and the improved small road signs under the same road conditions and intersection type. We conducted a survey with the participants of the simulation experiment on the preference between graphical signs (large road signs) and exit-centric signs (small road signs). The results show that the participants prefer the exit-centric signs (60%) to the graphical signs (40%). We propose installation criteria for small road signs for intersections, interchanges, and expressways based on the results of the experiment and the survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20simulation" title="3D simulation">3D simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20simulator" title=" driving simulator"> driving simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legibility%20distance" title=" legibility distance"> legibility distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20font%20size" title=" minimum font size"> minimum font size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20road%20signs" title=" small road signs"> small road signs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11321/a-study-on-establishing-criteria-for-installation-of-small-road-signs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4919</span> Retro-Reflectivity and Diffuse Reflectivity Degradation of Thermoplastic Pavement Marking: A Case Study on Asphaltic Road in Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittichai%20Thanasupsin">Kittichai Thanasupsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satis%20Sukniam"> Satis Sukniam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pavement marking is an essential task of road construction and maintenance. One of several benefits of pavement markings has been used to provide information about road alignment and road conditions ahead. In some cases, retro-reflectivity of road marking at night may not meet the standard. This degradation may be caused by internal factors such as the size of glass beads and the number of glass beads or external factors such as traffic volume, lane width, vehicle weight, and so on. This research aims to investigate the reflective efficiency of thermoplastic road marking with the glass beads. Ratios of glass beads, ranging from 359 to 553 grams per square meter on an asphaltic concrete, have been tested. The reflective efficiency data was collected at the beginning and at a specific time interval for a total of 8 months. It was found that the difference in glass beads quantity affects the rate of retro-reflectivity but does not affect the diffuse reflectivity. It was also found that other factors affect retro-reflectivity, such as duration, the position of road marking, traffic density, the quantity of glass beads, and dirt coating on top. The dirt coating on top is the most crucial factor that deteriorating retro-reflectivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20pavement%20marking" title="thermoplastic pavement marking">thermoplastic pavement marking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retro-reflectivity" title=" retro-reflectivity"> retro-reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffuse%20reflectivity" title=" diffuse reflectivity"> diffuse reflectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphalt%20concrete" title=" asphalt concrete"> asphalt concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124584/retro-reflectivity-and-diffuse-reflectivity-degradation-of-thermoplastic-pavement-marking-a-case-study-on-asphaltic-road-in-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20construction&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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