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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Muti" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Muti" title="You're encouraged to log in; 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Traditional medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_of_Isicakathi_in_the_Eastern_Cape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_of_Isicakathi_in_the_Eastern_Cape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use of Isicakathi in the Eastern Cape</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Use_of_Isicakathi_in_the_Eastern_Cape-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Use of Isicakathi in the Eastern Cape subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Use_of_Isicakathi_in_the_Eastern_Cape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isicakathi_for_pre-natal_and_post-natal_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isicakathi_for_pre-natal_and_post-natal_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Isicakathi for pre-natal and post-natal care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isicakathi_for_pre-natal_and_post-natal_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_use_of_Isicakathi_on_the_baby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_use_of_Isicakathi_on_the_baby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The use of Isicakathi on the baby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_use_of_Isicakathi_on_the_baby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muti_killings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muti_killings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Muti killings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muti_killings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of 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title="Muti (Zoulou) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muti (Zoulou)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%ED%8B%B0_(%EC%A0%84%ED%86%B5%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99)" title="무티 (전통의학) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무티 (전통의학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Мути – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мути" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muti_(Zoeloe)" title="Muti (Zoeloe) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Muti (Zoeloe)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muti" title="Muti – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muti" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muti" title="Muti – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Muti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muti" title="Muti – Turkish" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Southern African traditional medicine system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Muti_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Muti (disambiguation)">Muti (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Muthi" redirects here. 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline-body-aura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/60px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/90px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/120px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">General information</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" title="History of alternative medicine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_alternative_medicine" title="Terminology of alternative medicine">Terminology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_veterinary_medicine" title="Alternative veterinary medicine">Alternative veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a> (health fraud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine#19th_century:_rise_of_modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">Rise of modern medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_nihilism" title="Therapeutic nihilism">Therapeutic nihilism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Fringe medicine and science</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupressure" title="Acupressure">Acupressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_and_Enlightenment" title="Association for Research and Enlightenment">Association for Research and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriculotherapy" title="Auriculotherapy">Auriculotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_terrain_assessment" title="Biological terrain assessment">Biological terrain assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_salve" title="Black salve">Black salve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)" title="Bodywork (alternative medicine)">Bodywork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_bone-setting" title="Traditional bone-setting">Bone-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_technique" title="Bowen technique">Bowen technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathwork_(New_Age)" title="Breathwork (New Age)">Breathwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake COVID-19 treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_urine" title="Camel urine">Camel urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">Cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse" title="Activated charcoal cleanse">Charcoal cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic_treatment_techniques" title="Chiropractic treatment techniques">Chiropractic treatment techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_enema" title="Coffee enema">Coffee enema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpuncture" title="Colorpuncture">Colorpuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniosacral_therapy" title="Craniosacral therapy">Craniosacral therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" title="Dental amalgam controversy">Dental amalgam controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_foot_baths" title="Detoxification foot baths">Foot detox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_needling" title="Dry needling">Dry needling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">Esoteric energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">Therapeutic touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_dominance" title="Estrogen dominance">Estrogen dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabunan_Antiviral_Injection" title="Fabunan Antiviral Injection">Fabunan Antiviral Injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldenkrais_Method" title="Feldenkrais Method">Feldenkrais Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">Functional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_analysis_(alternative_medicine)" title="Hair analysis (alternative medicine)">Hair analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_dentistry" title="Holistic dentistry">Holistic dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_bracelet" title="Hologram bracelet">Hologram bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">Hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">Hypnotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionized_jewelry" title="Ionized jewelry">Ionized jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lightning_Process" title="The Lightning Process">Lightning Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotherapy" title="Lymphotherapy">Lymphotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_therapy" title="Manual therapy">Manual therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_lymphatic_drainage" title="Manual lymphatic drainage">Manual lymphatic drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_intuitive" title="Medical intuitive">Medical intuitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin_therapy" title="Megavitamin therapy">Megavitamin therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Mesmerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Mind–body interventions">Mind–body interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myofascial_release" title="Myofascial release">Myofascial release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambudripad%27s_Allergy_Elimination_Techniques" title="Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Techniques">NAET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pulling" title="Oil pulling">Oil pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine" title="Orthomolecular medicine">Orthomolecular medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomyology" title="Osteomyology">Osteomyology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopathy" title="Osteopathy">Osteopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_Integration" title="Postural Integration">Postural Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychodermatology" title="Psychodermatology">Psychodermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_healing" title="Quantum healing">Quantum healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichian_body-oriented_psychotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichian body-oriented psychotherapy">RBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThetaHealing" title="ThetaHealing">ThetaHealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomsonianism" title="Thomsonianism">Thomsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_Field_Therapy" title="Thought Field Therapy">Thought Field Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urophagia" title="Urophagia">Urophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_steaming" title="Vaginal steaming">Vaginal steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetotherapy" title="Vegetotherapy">Vegetotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_therapy" title="Vision therapy">Vision therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_balancing" title="Zero balancing">Zero balancing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">OPV AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccinationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Vaccine misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR vaccine and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">Turbo cancer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification" title="Alternative medicine">Classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medical_systems" title="Category:Alternative medical systems">Alternative medical systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Category:Mind–body interventions">Mind–body intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biologically_based_therapies" title="Category:Biologically based therapies">Biologically based therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manual_therapy" title="Category:Manual therapy">Manipulative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_therapies" title="Category:Energy therapies">Energy therapy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">African</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosha" title="Dosha">Dosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Vedic_Approach_to_Health" title="Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health">MVAH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">Balneotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" title="Brazilian traditional medicine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Cambodian_medicine" title="Traditional Cambodian medicine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_stasis" title="Blood stasis">Blood stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dit_da" title="Dit da">Dit da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_sha" title="Gua sha">Gua sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_plate_trade" title="Gill plate trade">Gill plate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gu" title="Long gu">Long gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Chinese_medicine)" title="Meridian (Chinese medicine)">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_point" title="Pressure point">Pressure point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jiao" title="San Jiao">San Jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_na" title="Tui na">Tui na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang-fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zang-fu">Zang-fu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_traditional_medicine" title="Chumash traditional medicine">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilot" title="Hilot">Hilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_traditional_medicine" title="Iranian traditional medicine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayakalpa" title="Kayakalpa">Kayakalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo_cleanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambo cleanse">Kambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mien_Shiang" title="Mien Shiang">Mien Shiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftalan_oil" title="Naftalan oil">Naftalan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_medicine" title="Prophetic medicine">Prophetic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiatsu" title="Shiatsu">Shiatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai massage">Thai massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Unani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Alternative diagnoses</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerotoxic_syndrome" title="Aerotoxic syndrome">Aerotoxic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candida_hypersensitivity" title="Candida hypersensitivity">Candida hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_Lyme_disease" title="Chronic Lyme disease">Chronic Lyme disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_legs" title="Heavy legs">Heavy legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_chemical_sensitivity" title="Multiple chemical sensitivity">Multiple chemical sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PANDAS" title="PANDAS">PANDAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_temperature_syndrome" title="Wilson's temperature syndrome">Wilson's temperature syndrome</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template talk:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">Muthi</i></span></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> practice in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a> as far north as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG/220px-Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG/330px-Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG/440px-Margaritaria_discoidea_medicine_bark.JPG 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="687" /></a><figcaption>Stem of <i><a href="/wiki/Margaritaria_discoidea" title="Margaritaria discoidea">Margaritaria discoidea</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Ilanda_Wilds" title="Ilanda Wilds">Ilanda Wilds</a>, South Africa, showing old scar from bark removal for muti use</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/South_African_English" title="South African English">South African English</a>, the word <span title="South African English-language text"><span lang="en-ZA">muti</span></span> is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Zulu_language" title="Zulu language">Zulu</a>/<a href="/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language">Xhosa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language" title="Northern Ndebele language">Northern Ndebele</a> <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">umuthi</i></span>, meaning 'tree', whose root is <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">-thi</i></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a>, <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">muti</i></span> and other <a href="/wiki/Cognates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognates">cognates</a> of <span title="Zulu-language text"><i lang="zu">umuthi</i></span> are in widespread use in most indigenous African languages as well as in South African English and <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, which sometimes use <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">muti</i></span> as a slang word for medicine in general.<sup id="cite_ref-Africa_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Africa-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This noun is of the <i>umu</i>/<i>imi</i> class so the singular ('tree') is <i>umuthi</i> and the plural ('trees') is <i>imithi</i>. Since the pronunciation of the initial vowel of this class is unstressed, the singular is sometimes pronounced <i>muthi</i>. The word is rendered as <i>muti</i> by the historical effects of the British <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonial</a> spelling. </p><p>In colloquial English and Afrikaans the word <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">muti</i></span> is often used to refer to medicines in general or medicines that have a 'miraculous' effect, e.g. </p> <ul><li>"<span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">Die dokter het 'muti' op die seerplek gesmeer en die volgende dag was dit heeltemal gesond.</i></span>" (The doctor rubbed <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">muti</i></span> on the wound and the next day it was completely healed.)</li> <li>"<span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">My dokter het vir my 'muti' verskaf vir my seer keel.</i></span>" ("My doctor gave me some <span title="Afrikaans-language text"><i lang="af">muti</i></span> for my sore throat.")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_medicine">Traditional medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traditional medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>African <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> makes use of various natural products, many derived from trees and other plants. Botanical medicine prescribed by an <a href="/wiki/Inyanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Inyanga">inyanga</a> or herbal healer is generally known as "muthi", but the term can apply to other traditional medical formulations, including those that are zoological or mineral in composition. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Vulture" title="Vulture">Vulture</a> brains are used for prophecy in muthi.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_Isicakathi_in_the_Eastern_Cape">Use of Isicakathi in the Eastern Cape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use of Isicakathi in the Eastern Cape"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg/220px-Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg/330px-Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg/440px-Street_%22Muti%22_vendor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Street <i>muti</i> vendor in South Africa</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Isicakathi</i> is a term that is used by <a href="/wiki/Xhosa_people" title="Xhosa people">Xhosa people</a> when referring to plants with supposed pharmacological and therapeutic properties that are used as medicine for various ailments.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The people in the Eastern Cape of South Africa still strongly rely on traditional medicine and believe in its potency as an alternative to western medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are various herbs that fall under <i>isicakathi</i> , used for <a href="/wiki/Pre-natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-natal">pre-natal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Post-natal" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-natal">post-natal</a> medicine (although they can also be used for non-pregnancy related health issues).<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plants that fall under the <i>isicakathi</i> category differ according to the districts in the Eastern Cape, hence it is a general term used when referring to traditional medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are eleven species of plants that fall under <i>isicakathi</i>, namely <i><a href="/wiki/Commelina_africana" title="Commelina africana">Commelina africana</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus_praecox" title="Agapanthus praecox">Agapanthus praecox</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chlorophytum_comosum" title="Chlorophytum comosum">Chlorophytum comosum</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ledebouria_ovatifolia" title="Ledebouria ovatifolia">Ledebouria ovatifolia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ranunculus_multifidus" title="Ranunculus multifidus">Ranunculus multifidus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thunbergia_atriplicifolia" title="Thunbergia atriplicifolia">Thunbergia atriplicifolia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kohautia_amatymbica" title="Kohautia amatymbica">Kohautia amatymbica</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Plantago_major" title="Plantago major">Plantago major</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gazania_linearis" title="Gazania linearis">Gazania linearis</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Helichrysum_pedunculatum" title="Helichrysum pedunculatum">Helichrysum pedunculatum</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Senecio_coronatus" title="Senecio coronatus">Senecio coronatus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of these plants differs according to the various areas/ districts of the Eastern Cape.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Commelina africana</i> is used for menstrual problems, pelvic pains and bladder related issues.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Agapanthus</i> is found in pre-natal and post-natal medicine, which is used by pregnant women.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Chlorophytum comosum</i> is used as a protective charm against evil spirits for both mother and child.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ledebouria ovatifolia</i> is used for medicinal purposes, including pregnancy, diarrhoea, influenza, backaches, skin irritations and wounds.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Ranunculus multifidus</i> is used for epileptic fits in adults, lung problems and used as an emetic.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kohautia amatymbica</i> is also used as an emetic.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Plantago major</i> is used for wounds, inflammations, and eye irritations.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Gazania linearis</i> is applied on small cuts made on the body close to the joints to protect someone from evil spirits.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Helichrysum pedunculatum</i> is used as a dressing after circumcision and to prevent the wound from getting septic.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Senecio coronatus</i> is used to get rid of pubic lice.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, <i>isicakathi</i> or plants that are regarded to fall under <i>isicakathi</i> are mostly used by pregnant women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, it is also used as a protective measure against sorcery during pregnancy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isicakathi_for_pre-natal_and_post-natal_care">Isicakathi for pre-natal and post-natal care</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Isicakathi for pre-natal and post-natal care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus_praecox" title="Agapanthus praecox">Agapanthus praecox</a></i> is one of the plants that falls under <i>isicakathi</i> used during pregnancy. It is taken orally from the six month of pregnancy until delivery. The plant is put in a container full of water and half a cup of that water is taken orally, twice a day, in the morning and in the evening.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that the plant’s growth determines the health of the unborn baby. The wilting of the plant is regarded as a symbol with regards to the baby's health, usually associated with death. <i>Isicakathi</i> is widely used to induce easy <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">childbirth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It ensures that excess water is drained, reduces vaginal discharge and placental size.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plants treat <a href="/wiki/High_blood_pressure" class="mw-redirect" title="High blood pressure">high blood pressure</a> in both antenatal and postnatal care for women, whilst also preventing constipation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Rhoicissus_tidentata" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhoicissus tidentata">Rhoicissus tidentata</a></i> is used to induce labour; its root can be used to prepare an <a href="/wiki/Enema" title="Enema">enema</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Erythrina_lysistemon" title="Erythrina lysistemon">Erythrina lysistemon</a></i> is used to induce labour pains during the childbirth process via pieces of the trunk's bark bound together and infused for the woman to drink. The crushed bulb of <i><a href="/wiki/Gunnera_perpensa" title="Gunnera perpensa">Gunnera perpensa</a></i> is used to reduce swelling of the feet by infusing with boiling water and ingesting.<sup id="cite_ref-DlisaniBhat1999_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DlisaniBhat1999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_use_of_Isicakathi_on_the_baby">The use of Isicakathi on the baby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The use of Isicakathi on the baby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Salvia_scabra" title="Salvia scabra">Salvia scabra</a></i>, mixed with the mother’s milk, is given as medicine to infants. The mixture is given to the baby to ingest every day for two months.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Isicakathi</i> is generally used to induce growth and prevent diseases. It is also used as an alternative to the mother’s milk and to counteract the milk’s sourness.<sup id="cite_ref-BolofoJohnson1988_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BolofoJohnson1988-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of <i>Agapanthus praecox</i> ensures that the baby is strong, whilst preventing bowel problems and crusts on its head.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An ointment is used to hasten the parturition of the baby and placenta using the leaves of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scutia_mytina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scutia mytina (page does not exist)">Scutia mytina</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/Erythrina_humeana" title="Erythrina humeana">Erythrina humeana</a></i> is used to heal the umbilical cord of the baby by burning the bark and using the powder to apply on the baby.<sup id="cite_ref-DlisaniBhat1999_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DlisaniBhat1999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bluelily1900ppx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bluelily1900ppx.jpg/220px-Bluelily1900ppx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bluelily1900ppx.jpg/330px-Bluelily1900ppx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Bluelily1900ppx.jpg/440px-Bluelily1900ppx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="1894" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus_praecox" title="Agapanthus praecox">Agapanthus praecox</a></i> flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg/220px-Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg/330px-Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg/440px-Agapanthus_africanus1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Agapanthus_africanus" title="Agapanthus africanus">Agapanthus africanus</a></i> flower</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Muti_killings">Muti killings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Muti killings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Murder_for_body_parts" title="Murder for body parts">Murder for body parts</a></div> <p>Occasions of murder with mutilation associated with some traditional medicine practices in South Africa have been termed <i>muti killings</i>. These are not <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">human sacrifices</a> directly, but rather involve the murder of someone in order to harvest body parts for incorporation into traditional medicines and rituals. </p><p>In February 2010, Deputy Provincial Commissioner William Mpembe of the South African Police Service (SAPS) in North West Province said that "muti murders, particularly those involving young children, seem to be on the rise in the Tshwane areas including Soshanguve, Garankuwa and Rietgat".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same month, African traditional healers and the Gauteng government convened at a seminar in Pretoria, South Africa to root out the "evil practice of mutilating human bodies for purposes of muti making."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/21px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/31px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg/42px-Brooklyn_Museum_1989.51.39_Nommo_Figure_with_Raised_Arms.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Traditional_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Traditional African religion">Traditional African religion portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/48px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/64px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 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portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional healers of South Africa">Traditional healers of South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Masego_Kgomo" title="Murder of Masego Kgomo">Murder of Masego Kgomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_in_South_Africa" title="Kidnapping in South Africa">Kidnapping in South Africa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Africa-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Africa_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120824073004/http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/traditionalhealing.html">"Traditional African Healing"</a>. 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Sowetan Live and SAPA. 25 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news24.com&rft.atitle=Muti+killings+to+be+tackled&rft.date=2010-02-19&rft.au=SAPA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news24.com%2FSouthAfrica%2FNews%2FMuti-killings-to-be-tackled-20100219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuti" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muti&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020818195646/http://www.factnet.org/cults/Sangoma/?FACTNet">"Sangoma / Muti / South African Traditional Healers / South African Witchdoctors" 9 June 2009</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Traditional_medicine" title="Template talk:Traditional medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Traditional_medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Traditional medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traditional_medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_medicine" title="Ancient Egyptian medicine">Ancient Egyptian medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernanthe_iboga" title="Tabernanthe iboga">Tabernanthe iboga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Muti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nganga" title="Nganga">Nganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltigue" title="Saltigue">Saltigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">Traditional African medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Hausa_medicine" title="Traditional Hausa medicine">Traditional Hausa medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">Traditional healers of Southern Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1_medicine" title="Yorùbá medicine">Yorùbá medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg/100px-Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg/150px-Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg/200px-Thom%C3%A9_Salix_alba_clean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="2291" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_medicine" title="Aztec medicine">Aztec medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" title="Brazilian traditional medicine">Brazilian traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_traditional_medicine" title="Chumash traditional medicine">Chumash traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallawaya" title="Kallawaya">Kallawaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_medicine" title="Mapuche medicine">Mapuche medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Maya medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo_medicine" title="Navajo medicine">Navajo medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Alaska_Native_medicine" title="Traditional Alaska Native medicine">Traditional Alaska Native medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhivehi_beys" title="Dhivehi beys">Dhivehi beys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_folk_medicine" title="Georgian folk medicine">Georgian folk medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilot" title="Hilot">Hilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_traditional_medicine" title="Iranian traditional medicine">Iranian traditional medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_medicine" title="Ancient Iranian medicine">Ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Kampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramuan" title="Ramuan">Ramuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Siddha medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine">Sri Lankan traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Thai_medicine" title="Traditional Thai medicine">Traditional Thai medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Traditional Chinese medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Traditional Korean medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Traditional Mongolian medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Traditional Tibetan medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Traditional Vietnamese medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Unani medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek medicine">Ancient Greek medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" title="Byzantine medicine">Byzantine medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_ancient_Rome" title="Medicine in ancient Rome">Medicine in ancient Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" title="Medieval medicine of Western Europe">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy" title="Alchemy">Alchemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apothecary" title="Apothecary">Apothecary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Medicine in the medieval Islamic world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electuary" title="Electuary">Electuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnomedicine" title="Ethnomedicine">Ethnomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Template:Medicinal herbs and fungi">herbs and fungi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" title="History of alternative medicine">History of alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humorism" title="Humorism">Humorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithridatism" title="Mithridatism">Mithridatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_medicine" title="Prehistoric medicine">Prehistoric medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a 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