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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/The_Network_2018" title="The Network 2018">The Network 2018</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>The Network</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">La Rete</i>), whose complete name was <b>Movement for Democracy – The Network</b> (<i>Movimento per la Democrazia – La Rete</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-DAlimonte2001_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DAlimonte2001-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">political party in Italy</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a>. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #DF0174; border-bottom:2px solid #DF0174; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">The Network</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">La Rete</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Rete_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/La_Rete_Logo.png/180px-La_Rete_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/dd/La_Rete_Logo.png/270px-La_Rete_Logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/dd/La_Rete_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316"></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">24 January 1991<br>21 March 1991<sup id="cite_ref-Orlando2013_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orlando2013-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">27 February 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-BardiIgnazi998_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BardiIgnazi998-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Italy)" title="The Democrats (Italy)">The Democrats</a><sup id="cite_ref-Topaloff2012_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topaloff2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Italy" title="Corruption in Italy">Anti-corruption</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-Topaloff2012_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Topaloff2012-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daniels_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Progressives" title="Alliance of Progressives">Alliance of Progressives</a> <small>(1993–95)</small></span><br><a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(Italy)" title="The Olive Tree (Italy)">The Olive Tree</a> <small>(1995–99)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Green_Group_in_the_European_Parliament" title="The Green Group in the European Parliament">Green Group</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bomberg2005_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomberg2005-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(1994–99)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #DF0174;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Italy" title="Politics of Italy">Politics of Italy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy" title="List of political parties in Italy">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Italy" title="Elections in Italy">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Election_results"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Election results</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Italian_Parliament"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Italian Parliament</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#European_Parliament"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">European Parliament</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Literature"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Literature</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The party was formed on 24 January 1991 by <a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Palermo" title="List of mayors of Palermo">mayor of Palermo</a> and member of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Italy)" title="Christian Democracy (Italy)">Christian Democracy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Caronitti2001_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caronitti2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had broken with this party in 1991 due to its relations with the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Mafia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LeonardiAlbert2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeonardiAlbert2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pollard2002_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pollard2002-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party was <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a>-inspired,<sup id="cite_ref-BardiMorlino1994_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BardiMorlino1994-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FellaRuzza2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FellaRuzza2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sassoon_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sassoon-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while including several former members of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Communist_Party" title="Italian Communist Party">Italian Communist Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Diego_Novelli" title="Diego Novelli">Diego Novelli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfredo_Galasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfredo Galasso (page does not exist)">Alfredo Galasso</a>, etc.), anti-Mafia<sup id="cite_ref-Mignone2008_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mignone2008-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rhodes1995_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhodes1995-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Seindal1998_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seindal1998-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anti-<a href="/wiki/Political_corruption" title="Political corruption">corruption</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carter1998_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carter1998-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It proposed an end to <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_immunity" title="Parliamentary immunity">parliamentary immunity</a>, greater judicial powers to tackle Mafia, and a parliament with fewer lawmakers.<sup id="cite_ref-NewellBull_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewellBull-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Describing itself as a <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a> rather than a party, the Network aimed to be a loose "civic movement" without formal memberships or rigid party structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Magone2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magone2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koff2000_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koff2000-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party succeeded in gaining elected office in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, including five seats in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Sicilian_regional_election" title="1991 Sicilian regional election">1991 regional election</a> (thanks to 7.4% of the vote) and, again, the mayorship of <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> in 1993. In the <a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992 national election</a>, the party won 1.9% (nationally), 12 deputies and 3 senators, who teamed up with those of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Greens" title="Federation of the Greens">Federation of the Greens</a>. </p><p>It later participated in the <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Progressives" title="Alliance of Progressives">Alliance of Progressives</a>, which included the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Left" title="Democratic Party of the Left">Democratic Party of the Left</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_(Italy)" title="Democratic Alliance (Italy)">Democratic Alliance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Greens" title="Federation of the Greens">Federation of the Greens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Refoundation_Party" title="Communist Refoundation Party">Communist Refoundation Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Socialist_Party" title="Italian Socialist Party">Italian Socialist Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Christians" title="Social Christians">Social Christians</a>. The coalition unsuccessfully contested the <a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994 general election</a> against <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>'s centre-right coalitions, the <a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Freedoms" title="Pole of Freedoms">Pole of Freedoms</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pole_of_Good_Government" title="Pole of Good Government">Pole of Good Government</a>, and the party had 1.9% of the vote, 6 deputies and 6 senators. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1996_Italian_general_election" title="1996 Italian general election">1996 general election</a> the party was part of <a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(Italy)" title="The Olive Tree (Italy)">The Olive Tree</a> coalition and elected in <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> five deputies, who divided themselves between the <a href="/wiki/Democrats_of_the_Left" title="Democrats of the Left">Democrats of the Left</a> and a sub-group named "Italy of Values", and one senator. After the election, Orlando stated the aim of creating a "Democratic Party"<sup id="cite_ref-Foot1996_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foot1996-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the party changed its name to <b>The Network for the Democratic Party</b>. In 1999 it was absorbed by <a href="/wiki/The_Democrats_(Italy)" title="The Democrats (Italy)">The Democrats</a> of <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a>. Before that, some of its members had joined <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Di_Pietro" title="Antonio Di Pietro">Antonio Di Pietro</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Italy_of_Values" title="Italy of Values">Italy of Values</a>, which was also merged into The Democrats. </p><p>After The Democrats (1999–2002), Orlando would later be active in <a href="/wiki/Democracy_is_Freedom_%E2%80%93_The_Daisy" title="Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy">Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy</a>, Italy of Values and <a href="/wiki/The_Network_2018" title="The Network 2018">The Network 2018</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Election_results">Election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian_Parliament">Italian Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Italian Parliament" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Italy)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Italy)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="18%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992</a> </th> <td>730,171 (11th) </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994</a> </th> <td>719,841 (11th) </td> <td>1.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 6</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_Italian_general_election" title="1996 Italian general election">1996</a> </th> <td>into <a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(Italy)" title="The Olive Tree (Italy)">Ulivo</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 630</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 0.8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 1</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="18%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1992_Italian_general_election" title="1992 Italian general election">1992</a> </th> <td>239,868 (12th) </td> <td>0.7 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Italian_general_election" title="1994 Italian general election">1994</a> </th> <td>into <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Progressives" title="Alliance of Progressives">AdP</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><noscript><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" data-alt="Increase" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 3</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1996_Italian_general_election" title="1996 Italian general election">1996</a> </th> <td>into <a href="/wiki/The_Olive_Tree_(Italy)" title="The Olive Tree (Italy)">Ulivo</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 315</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 0.3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><noscript><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 11px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" data-alt="Decrease" data-width="11" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> 5</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: European Parliament" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th width="13%">Election year </th> <th width="16%">Votes </th> <th width="6%">% </th> <th width="1%">Seats </th> <th width="8%">+/− </th> <th width="18%">Leader </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_Italy" title="1994 European Parliament election in Italy">1994</a> </th> <td>366,258 (11th) </td> <td>1.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #DF0174; width: 1%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">–</div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Leoluca_Orlando" title="Leoluca Orlando">Leoluca Orlando</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Literature" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFoot1996" class="citation book cs1">Foot, John M. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newitalianrepubl00/page/173"><i>The 'Left Opposition' and the crisis: Rifondazione Comunista and La Rete</i></a></span>. Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newitalianrepubl00/page/173">173–188</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12161-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12161-2"><bdi>0-415-12161-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%27Left+Opposition%27+and+the+crisis%3A+Rifondazione+Comunista+and+La+Rete&rft.pages=173-188&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-415-12161-2&rft.aulast=Foot&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewitalianrepubl00%2Fpage%2F173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Orlando2013-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orlando2013_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeoluca_Orlando2013" class="citation book cs1">Leoluca Orlando (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ksw6-gWW1MC&pg=PT136"><i>Fighting the Mafia & Renewing Sicilian Culture</i></a>. Encounter Books. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59403-401-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59403-401-5"><bdi>978-1-59403-401-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+the+Mafia+%26+Renewing+Sicilian+Culture&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Encounter+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-59403-401-5&rft.au=Leoluca+Orlando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ksw6-gWW1MC%26pg%3DPT136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BardiIgnazi998-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BardiIgnazi998_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuciano_BardiPiero_Ignazi1998" class="citation book cs1">Luciano Bardi; Piero Ignazi (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dJujgAT1s8AC&pg=PA102">"The Italian Party System: The Effective Magnitude of an Earthquake"</a>. In Piero Ignazi; Colette Ysmal (eds.). <i>The Organization of Political Parties in Southern Europe</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95612-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-95612-7"><bdi>978-0-275-95612-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Italian+Party+System%3A+The+Effective+Magnitude+of+an+Earthquake&rft.btitle=The+Organization+of+Political+Parties+in+Southern+Europe&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-275-95612-7&rft.au=Luciano+Bardi&rft.au=Piero+Ignazi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdJujgAT1s8AC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Topaloff2012-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Topaloff2012_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Topaloff2012_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiubomir_K._Topaloff2012" class="citation book cs1">Liubomir K. Topaloff (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=69QtbwLss0oC&pg=PA88"><i>Political Parties and Euroscepticism</i></a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36176-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-36176-8"><bdi>978-0-230-36176-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+Euroscepticism&rft.pages=88&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-36176-8&rft.au=Liubomir+K.+Topaloff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D69QtbwLss0oC%26pg%3DPA88&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daniels-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daniels_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Daniels1999" class="citation book cs1">Philip Daniels (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NkDNoNiBEjUC&pg=PA78"><i>Italy: Rupture or Regeneration</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85567-328-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85567-328-2"><bdi>1-85567-328-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy%3A+Rupture+or+Regeneration&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85567-328-2&rft.au=Philip+Daniels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNkDNoNiBEjUC%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/european-union/basics/part3/">"European Union Basics (FAQ), Part3/8"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Union+Basics+%28FAQ%29%2C+Part3%2F8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faqs.org%2Ffaqs%2Feuropean-union%2Fbasics%2Fpart3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bomberg2005-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bomberg2005_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElizabeth_Bomberg2005" class="citation book cs1">Elizabeth Bomberg (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DYqJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT257"><i>Green Parties and Politics in the European Union</i></a>. Routledge. p. 257. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-85144-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-85144-7"><bdi>978-1-134-85144-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Green+Parties+and+Politics+in+the+European+Union&rft.pages=257&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-134-85144-7&rft.au=Elizabeth+Bomberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDYqJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DAlimonte2001-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DAlimonte2001_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberto_D'Alimonte2001" class="citation book cs1">Roberto D'Alimonte (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n_ufahHi7DoC&pg=PA347"><i>Mixed Electoral Rules, Partisan Realignment, and Party System Change in Italy</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 347. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-924079-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-924079-5"><bdi>0-19-924079-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mixed+Electoral+Rules%2C+Partisan+Realignment%2C+and+Party+System+Change+in+Italy&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-924079-5&rft.au=Roberto+D%27Alimonte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn_ufahHi7DoC%26pg%3DPA347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caronitti2001-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caronitti2001_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDario_Caronitti2001" class="citation book cs1">Dario Caronitti (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P7-2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT710">"Political Parties (Italy)"</a>. In Bernard A. Cook (ed.). <i>Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia</i>. Garland. p. 710. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-17932-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-17932-8"><bdi>978-1-135-17932-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Political+Parties+%28Italy%29&rft.btitle=Europe+Since+1945%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=710&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-135-17932-8&rft.au=Dario+Caronitti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP7-2AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeonardiAlbert2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeonardiAlbert2004_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_LeonardiPaolo_Albert2004" class="citation book cs1">Robert Leonardi; Paolo Albert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QJ6x8zmRAaEC&pg=PA113"><i>From Dominance to Doom? Christian Democracy in Italy</i></a>. Leuven University Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5867-377-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5867-377-0"><bdi>978-90-5867-377-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Dominance+to+Doom%3F+Christian+Democracy+in+Italy&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Leuven+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-90-5867-377-0&rft.au=Robert+Leonardi&rft.au=Paolo+Albert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQJ6x8zmRAaEC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pollard2002-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pollard2002_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Pollard2002" class="citation book cs1">John Pollard (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4wOGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220">"DC"</a>. In Gino Moliterno (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture</i>. Routledge. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75877-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75877-7"><bdi>978-1-134-75877-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=DC&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Italian+Culture&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75877-7&rft.au=John+Pollard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4wOGAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BardiMorlino1994-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BardiMorlino1994_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuciano_BardiLeonardo_Morlino1994" class="citation book cs1">Luciano Bardi; Leonardo Morlino (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Lq20h5xJrUC&pg=PA266">"Italy: Tracing the Roots of the Great Transformation"</a>. In Richard S.Katz; Peter Mair (eds.). <i>How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies</i>. SAGE. p. 266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8039-7960-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8039-7960-6"><bdi>0-8039-7960-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy%3A+Tracing+the+Roots+of+the+Great+Transformation&rft.btitle=How+Parties+Organize%3A+Change+and+Adaptation+in+Party+Organizations+in+Western+Democracies&rft.pages=266&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8039-7960-6&rft.au=Luciano+Bardi&rft.au=Leonardo+Morlino&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Lq20h5xJrUC%26pg%3DPA266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FellaRuzza2009-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FellaRuzza2009_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStefano_FellaCarlo_Ruzza2009" class="citation book cs1">Stefano Fella; Carlo Ruzza (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R6CjdfEXpPUC&pg=PA21"><i>Re-inventing the Italian Right: Territorial Politics, Populism and 'post-fascism'<span></span></i></a>. Routledge. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34461-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-34461-6"><bdi>978-0-415-34461-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Re-inventing+the+Italian+Right%3A+Territorial+Politics%2C+Populism+and+%27post-fascism%27&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-34461-6&rft.au=Stefano+Fella&rft.au=Carlo+Ruzza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR6CjdfEXpPUC%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sassoon-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sassoon_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonald_Sassoon1997" class="citation book cs1">Donald Sassoon (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wWy4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA159"><i>Contemporary Italy: Politics, Economy and Society Since 1945</i></a> (2nd ed.). Longman. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-21428-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-21428-6"><bdi>978-0-582-21428-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Italy%3A+Politics%2C+Economy+and+Society+Since+1945&rft.pages=159&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-582-21428-6&rft.au=Donald+Sassoon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwWy4AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mignone2008-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mignone2008_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMario_B._Mignone2008" class="citation book cs1">Mario B. Mignone (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Tv2R8FfFpREC&pg=PA74"><i>Italy Today: Facing the Challenges of the New Millennium</i></a>. Peter Lang. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-0187-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4331-0187-8"><bdi>978-1-4331-0187-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy+Today%3A+Facing+the+Challenges+of+the+New+Millennium&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4331-0187-8&rft.au=Mario+B.+Mignone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTv2R8FfFpREC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhodes1995-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rhodes1995_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Rhodes1995" class="citation book cs1">Martin Rhodes (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=doiJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136">"Italy: Greens in an overcrowded political system"</a>. In Dick Richardson; Chris Rootes (eds.). <i>The Green Challenge: The Development of Green Parties in Europe</i>. Routledge. p. 136. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-10649-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-10649-4"><bdi>0-415-10649-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy%3A+Greens+in+an+overcrowded+political+system&rft.btitle=The+Green+Challenge%3A+The+Development+of+Green+Parties+in+Europe&rft.pages=136&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-415-10649-4&rft.au=Martin+Rhodes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdoiJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seindal1998-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seindal1998_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRené_Seindal1998" class="citation book cs1">René Seindal (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kJf-oKqos1YC&pg=PA63"><i>Mafia: Money and Politics in Sicily, 1950-1997</i></a>. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-455-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-7289-455-3"><bdi>978-87-7289-455-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mafia%3A+Money+and+Politics+in+Sicily%2C+1950-1997&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-87-7289-455-3&rft.au=Ren%C3%A9+Seindal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkJf-oKqos1YC%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter1998-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carter1998_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNick_Carter1998" class="citation book cs1">Nick Carter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hQLXVQ6Y_1MC&pg=PA89">"Italy: The Demise of Post-War Partyocracy"</a>. In John Kenneth White; Philip John Davies (eds.). <i>Political Parties and the Collapse of the Old Orders</i>. State University of New York Press. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-4067-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-4067-2"><bdi>0-7914-4067-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Italy%3A+The+Demise+of+Post-War+Partyocracy&rft.btitle=Political+Parties+and+the+Collapse+of+the+Old+Orders&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7914-4067-2&rft.au=Nick+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhQLXVQ6Y_1MC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NewellBull-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewellBull_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_L._NewellMartin_Bull2014" class="citation book cs1">James L. Newell; Martin Bull (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-5sAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85">"Party Organisations and Alliances in Italy in the 1990s: A Revolution of Sorts"</a>. In Martin Bull; Martin Rhodes (eds.). <i>Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics</i>. Routledge. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-22274-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-22274-1"><bdi>978-1-135-22274-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Party+Organisations+and+Alliances+in+Italy+in+the+1990s%3A+A+Revolution+of+Sorts&rft.btitle=Crisis+and+Transition+in+Italian+Politics&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-135-22274-1&rft.au=James+L.+Newell&rft.au=Martin+Bull&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-5sAAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magone2003-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Magone2003_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosé_María_Magone2003" class="citation book cs1">José María Magone (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KOj2BwVxczUC&pg=PA220"><i>The Politics of Southern Europe: Integration Into the European Union</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-97787-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-97787-0"><bdi>0-275-97787-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Southern+Europe%3A+Integration+Into+the+European+Union&rft.pages=220&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-275-97787-0&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Magone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKOj2BwVxczUC%26pg%3DPA220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koff2000-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Koff2000_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSondra_Z._KoffStephen_P._Koff2000" class="citation book cs1">Sondra Z. Koff; Stephen P. Koff (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jdqFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA53"><i>Italy: From the 1st to the 2nd Republic</i></a>. Routledge. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-19663-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-19663-9"><bdi>0-415-19663-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italy%3A+From+the+1st+to+the+2nd+Republic&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-415-19663-9&rft.au=Sondra+Z.+Koff&rft.au=Stephen+P.+Koff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjdqFAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foot1996-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Foot1996_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_M._Foot1996" class="citation book cs1">John M. Foot (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXiJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA186">"The 'Left Opposition' and the crisis"</a>. In Stephen Gundle; Simon Parker (eds.). <i>The New Italian Republic: From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to Berlusconi</i>. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134807918" title="Special:BookSources/9781134807918"><bdi>9781134807918</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+%27Left+Opposition%27+and+the+crisis&rft.btitle=The+New+Italian+Republic%3A+From+the+Fall+of+the+Berlin+Wall+to+Berlusconi&rft.pages=186&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781134807918&rft.au=John+M.+Foot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXiJAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Network+%28political+party%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Network_(political_party)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leolucaorlando.it/bio_en.asp">Official website of Leoluca Orlando – Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20031209093605/http://www.leolucaorlando.it/bio_en.asp">Archived</a> 2003-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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