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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Incubus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Incubus (disambiguation)">Incubus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1981 Canadian film</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Incubus</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The-incubus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/The-incubus.jpg/220px-The-incubus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/The-incubus.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="252" data-file-height="396" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Canadian theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hough_(director)" title="John Hough (director)">John Hough</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sandor_Stern" title="Sandor Stern">George Franklin</a><sup id="cite_ref-library_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Incubus_(Russell_novel)" title="Incubus (Russell novel)">Incubus</a></i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Russell" title="Ray Russell">Ray Russell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_J._Friedman_(producer)" title="Stephen J. Friedman (producer)">Stephen J. Friedman</a></li> <li>Marc Boyman</li> <li>John M. Eckert</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">John Cassavetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ireland_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ireland (actor)">John Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Albert J. Dunk</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">George Appleby</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Myers" title="Stanley Myers">Stanley Myers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><span class="nowrap">Mark Film Productions, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Pan-Canadian Film Distributors<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_Ventures_International" title="Film Ventures International">Film Ventures International</a> (U.S.)</li> <li>Artists Releasing Corporation (U.S.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>November 1981<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1981-11</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Paris_International_Festival_of_Fantastic_and_Science-Fiction_Film" title="Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film">Paris</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 24, 1982<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1982-02-24</span>)</span> (France)<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 23, 1982<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1982-07-23</span>)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">93 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Canada<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner19971077_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner19971077-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CAD</a>5.1 million<sup id="cite_ref-torontostar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torontostar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$5.6 million<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Incubus</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a 1981 Canadian <a href="/wiki/Supernatural_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural horror">supernatural</a> <a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">slasher film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Hough_(director)" title="John Hough (director)">John Hough</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">John Cassavetes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerrie_Keane" title="Kerrie Keane">Kerrie Keane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Ireland_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ireland (actor)">John Ireland</a>. The plot focuses on a small <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> town where a mysterious figure is raping and murdering young women.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFry2008256_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFry2008256-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is based on the <a href="/wiki/Incubus_(Russell_novel)" title="Incubus (Russell novel)">1976 novel of the same name</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Russell" title="Ray Russell">Ray Russell</a>. The screenplay for the film was originally completed by <a href="/wiki/Sandor_Stern" title="Sandor Stern">Sandor Stern</a>, though it was so significantly rewritten by star Cassavetes during production that a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonymous</a> "George Franklin" received the official credit as screenwriter.<sup id="cite_ref-yes_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Principal photography of <i>Incubus</i> took place in <a href="/wiki/Guelph" title="Guelph">Guelph</a>, Ontario in the fall of 1980. Upon its theatrical release in 1982, the film received largely unfavorable reviews,<sup id="cite_ref-yes_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with many citing its plot and overt violence as weaknesses. Despite its critical reception, the film earned approximately $5.6 million at the United States box office. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a lake at a <a href="/wiki/Rock_quarry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock quarry">rock quarry</a> in rural <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, a young woman, Mandy Pullman, and her boyfriend, Roy, are swimming. The two spend the night at the lake camping, but are attacked by an unseen figure; Roy is killed, and Mandy violently raped. Mandy is taken to the hospital with a <a href="/wiki/Uterine_rupture" title="Uterine rupture">ruptured uterus</a> and serious trauma. As the attack occurs, teenager Tim Galen experiences a recurring nightmare he has in which a woman is tortured by a monstrous figure; his grandmother, Agatha Galen, tries to dissuade him of his suspicions about the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/premonition" class="extiw" title="wikt:premonition">premonitory</a> dream. At the hospital, Mandy is treated by Dr. Sam Cordell, a surgeon and physician in the small community of Galen. </p><p>Sam's teenage daughter, Jenny, is dating Tim, but he disapproves of their relationship. At the hospital, Sheriff Hank Walden questions Sam about Mandy's injuries, and a nosy local reporter, Laura Kincaid, arrives to question Walden, who forces her to leave. That night at the local library and museum, a librarian, Carolyn Davies, is brutally raped and murdered while closing the building. During her autopsy, Sam finds she suffered similar wounds as Mandy, and finds an inexplicably large amount of <a href="/wiki/Semen" title="Semen">semen</a> in her vagina. </p><p>Attempts to question the comatose Mandy about her attacker are futile. Sam shows Laura pictures of his deceased second wife and notes their amazing resemblance to each other. The following day, local farmer Ernie Barnes and his two daughters are brutally slain at their farmhouse. Tim again is tormented by his vision, and runs into a local movie theater in an attempt to distract himself. While he is there, a young woman is raped and murdered in the downstairs bathroom of the theater, and the metal stall door is found nearly bent in half. Sheriff Walden and Sam arrive at the crime scene shortly before Laura, who insists she may be able to help the investigation. She confides in Sam that she discovered historical records detailing <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a> and similar crimes occurring throughout the town's history. </p><p>Tim confronts Jenny at her home, hysterical, and says he believes his dreams are responsible for the crimes. Sam gets a sample of Tim's semen to compare against that which was found inside the victims, but they do not match. Tim and Agatha meet with Sam, Jenny, Laura, and Sheriff Walden at the library that night, where Laura reads a passage from a book detailing the <a href="/wiki/Shapeshifter" class="mw-redirect" title="Shapeshifter">shapeshifter</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Incubus" title="Incubus">incubus</a>, which manifests through dreams and can appear in human form. Agatha reveals that Tim's mother had died before his birth and had been accused of witchcraft due to psychic powers she possessed; Agatha claims that the Galen family has a legacy of <a href="/wiki/Witch-hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch-hunt">witch hunters</a>, and that his dreams are a result of this. </p><p>Laura and Tim return with Sam and Jenny to their home. As Laura takes Jenny upstairs to go to bed, Sam attempts to induce Tim's dream to prove its connection to the murders. Tim goes into a <a href="/wiki/Seizure" title="Seizure">seizure</a>-like state and runs upstairs into Jenny's room where he tries to attack Laura with a dagger given to him by Agatha, but Sam intervenes and stabs him to death. Laura then approaches Sam, and her face briefly shifts into that of the monstrous incubus; it is revealed that Laura has in fact been the incubus all along, manifesting in female form. As Laura embraces Sam, he looks over her shoulder to see Jenny's dead body lying on her bed, blood pouring out from between her legs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cassavetes" title="John Cassavetes">John Cassavetes</a> as Sam Cordell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ireland_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ireland (actor)">John Ireland</a> as Hank Walden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerrie_Keane" title="Kerrie Keane">Kerrie Keane</a> as Laura Kincaid</li> <li>Erin Noble as Jenny Cordell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hughes_(actress)" title="Helen Hughes (actress)">Helen Hughes</a> as Agatha Galen</li> <li>Duncan McIntosh as Tim Galen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Atkin" title="Harvey Atkin">Harvey Atkin</a> as Joe Prescott</li> <li>Harry Ditson as Lieutenant Drivas</li> <li>Mitch Martin as Mandy Pullman</li> <li>Matt Birman as Roy Seeley</li> <li>Beverly Cooper as Pru Keaton</li> <li>Brian Young as Charlie Prescott</li> <li>Barbara Franklin as Mrs. Pullman</li> <li>Wes Lee as Mr. Pullman</li> <li>Neil Dainard as Ernie Barnes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Leak" title="Jennifer Leak">Jennifer Leak</a> as Deena Ferrin</li> <li>Denise Fergusson as Carolyn Davies</li> <li>Jack Van Evera as Matt Davies</li> <li>Helene Udy as Sally Harper</li> <li>Lisa Bunting as Anita Barnes</li> <li>Michelle Davros as Jane Barnes</li> <li>Jefferson Mappin as Clem</li> <li>James Bearden as Lacey</li> <li>Alan Bridle as Interrogator</li> <li>Jude Beny as Witch</li> <li>Jeremy Hole as Torturer</li> <li>Brian Montague as Swimmer</li> <li>Dirk McLean as The Incubus</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original screenplay for the film, based on <a href="/wiki/Ray_Russell" title="Ray Russell">Ray Russell</a>'s 1976 novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Incubus_(Russell_novel)" title="Incubus (Russell novel)">Incubus</a></i>, was written by <a href="/wiki/Sandor_Stern" title="Sandor Stern">Sandor Stern</a>, who had previously written the screenplay for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amityville_Horror_(1979_film)" title="The Amityville Horror (1979 film)">The Amityville Horror</a></i> (1979).<sup id="cite_ref-yes_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the screenplay was significantly reworked by star John Cassavetes during filming, with director <a href="/wiki/John_Hough_(director)" title="John Hough (director)">John Hough</a> estimating that around eighty percent of Stern's original work had been rewritten.<sup id="cite_ref-yes_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the retooling of the script, Stern was not credited, and the official credit for the film's screenwriter is a <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonymous</a> "George Franklin".<sup id="cite_ref-yes_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yes-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Stern's name was credited in some Canadian <a href="/wiki/Trade_advertisement" title="Trade advertisement">trade advertisements</a> for the film shortly after production had wrapped.<sup id="cite_ref-calgaryherald_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calgaryherald-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Filming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Incubus</i> was shot near <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario over a period of ten weeks in the fall of 1980,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOldham2016132_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOldham2016132-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a budget of <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">CA</a>$5.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-torontostar_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-torontostar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Principal photography began September 22, 1980, and was completed November 17, 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film was financed through a Canadian <a href="/wiki/Tax_shelter" title="Tax shelter">tax shelter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-calgaryherald_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-calgaryherald-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its actors and cast were asked to sign a secrecy agreement to not discuss the film.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Colin_Chilvers" title="Colin Chilvers">Colin Chilvers</a> designed the film's special makeup effects.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Principal photography was completed by mid-November 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The film features the British <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> band <a href="/wiki/Samson_(band)" title="Samson (band)">Samson</a> in the form of archival clips taken from the film <i><a href="/wiki/Biceps_of_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Biceps of Steel">Biceps of Steel</a></i> that appear onscreen during a sequence set in a movie theater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 1981, the film was placed into <a href="/wiki/Receivership" title="Receivership">receivership</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Imperial_Bank_of_Commerce" title="Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce">Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce</a> along with several other films made under Canadian tax shelters, including <i><a href="/wiki/Best_Revenge_(film)" title="Best Revenge (film)">Best Revenge</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Patman" title="Mr. Patman">Mr. Patman</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same month, the film was first exhibited in France at the <a href="/wiki/Paris_International_Festival_of_Fantastic_and_Science-Fiction_Film" title="Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film">Paris International Festival of Fantastic and Science-Fiction Film</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently released in France on February 24, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-archive_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archive-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was released regionally in the United States in the summer of 1982, with screenings beginning July 23, 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson, Arizona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It later opened in <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> on August 27, 1982,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in New York City on September 4, 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its release expanded to cities in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the autumn of 1982. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Home_media">Home media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Home media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Incubus</i> was released on <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> in 2002 by Elite Entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently released on DVD by Scorpion Releasing under their <i><a href="/wiki/Katarina_Waters#Katarina's_Nightmare_Theater" title="Katarina Waters">Katarina's Nightmare Theater</a></i> label in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 30, 2018, <a href="/wiki/Vinegar_Syndrome_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinegar Syndrome (company)">Vinegar Syndrome</a> released a region-free special edition <a href="/wiki/Blu-ray" title="Blu-ray">Blu-ray</a> of the film.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Box office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Incubus</i> was a moderate critical success at the United States box office, grossing $5.6 million.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Critical response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> wrote the film: "is a supernatural horror film about rape, a subject that the R-rated movie takes a firm stand against even as it's smacking its lips. Most of the time the incubus looks like an ordinary human being but, at the end, when it's seen for the first time as its true self, it looks like a large, shaggy, extremely mean <a href="/wiki/E.T.:_The_Extra-Terrestrial" class="mw-redirect" title="E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial">E.T.</a> with bad teeth."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A review published by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Salinas_Californian" title="The Salinas Californian">The Salinas Californian</a></i> deemed it a "so-so horror film" which, "despite some confusion...  is occasionally engrossing."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ed Blank of the <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Press">Pittsburgh Press</a></i> criticized the film's plot and direction, but conceded the musical score as "chilling."<sup id="cite_ref-pbp_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbp-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rick Kogan of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_News" title="The Journal News">The Journal News</a></i> deemed the film "mindlessly bloody, crudely made and distasteful," concluding that it was "vile and mean-spirited."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Eleanor Ringel similarly noted the film's overt violence, deeming it "disturbingly nasty, [but] not so poorly done that you can completely shrug it off." She was critical of the screenplay, however, concluding that the film "tries to resolve itself in the last three minutes."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i> published an unfavorable review of the film, writing: "Though potentially interesting, <i>The Incubus</i> suffers from a moronic script, which tosses the audience a dozen different diversions in the name of suspense. The actual result is frustration and boredom, and not even the performance of Cassavetes can save the film."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 1983 book <i>The Best, Worst, and Most Unusual: Horror Films</i>, Darrell Moore notes: "The film never really decided whether it wanted to be a <a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">satanic</a> movie or a slasher movie or a mystery, and none of the many subplots, including one about Cassavetes accidentally killing his first wife, go anywhere."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1983150_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1983150-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tom Pym, writing in 1998 for the <i><a href="/wiki/Time_Out_(magazine)" title="Time Out (magazine)">Time Out Film Guide</a></i>, unfavorably assessed the film, referring to it as "a demon-rape flick of unusually high technical ineptitude, even for this egregious genre."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPym1998426_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPym1998426-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Film scholar <a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Muir" title="John Kenneth Muir">John Kenneth Muir</a> called the film a "mildly effective horror film" despite its "incomprehensible plot," resulting in a film "more dull than exciting in long stretches."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2011258–9_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2011258–9-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2005 <i>TLA Video & DVD Guide</i>, the film was awarded one out of five stars, deemed "boring, confusing, and not very exciting."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBleiler2004308_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBleiler2004308-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The film's title card reads merely <i>Incubus</i>, and was copyrighted under this title as well.<sup id="cite_ref-library_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For its release in the United States, it was marketed as <i>The Incubus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-library_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-library-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-archive-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archive_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Home/Record?app=filvidandsou&IdNumber=325039&q=incubus">"Incubus = The Incubus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incubus+%3D+The+Incubus&rft.pub=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecherche-collection-search.bac-lac.gc.ca%2Feng%2FHome%2FRecord%3Fapp%3Dfilvidandsou%26IdNumber%3D325039%26q%3Dincubus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>)</span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Note: View "Record information" dropdown tab for information)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELerner19971077-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELerner19971077_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLerner1997">Lerner 1997</a>, p. 1077.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-library-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-library_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-library_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-library_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/fra/decouvrez/films-videos-enregistrements-sonores/longs-metrages-canadiens/Pages/item.aspx?IdNumber=961&DotsIdNumber=">"Incubus"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/wip/8xEr8">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Incubus&rft.pub=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bac-lac.gc.ca%2Ffra%2Fdecouvrez%2Ffilms-videos-enregistrements-sonores%2Flongs-metrages-canadiens%2FPages%2Fitem.aspx%3FIdNumber%3D961%26DotsIdNumber%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-torontostar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-torontostar_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-torontostar_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-toronto-star/158763534/">"Cassavetes to star in Incubus film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i>. September 3, 1980. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Cassavetes+to+star+in+Incubus+film&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1980-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-toronto-star%2F158763534%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonahue1987292_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonahue1987">Donahue 1987</a>, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFry2008256-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFry2008256_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFry2008">Fry 2008</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-yes-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-yes_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yes_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yes_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yes_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-yes_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger2019" class="citation web cs1">Burger, Mark (January 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yesweekly.com/film/video-vault-jan-9-2019/article_e6d72ee7-5dbb-5eb3-b5b4-6f47f263c11c.html">"Video Vault"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yes!_Weekly" title="Yes! Weekly">Yes! Weekly</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/wip/NUcrb">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yes%21+Weekly&rft.atitle=Video+Vault&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yesweekly.com%2Ffilm%2Fvideo-vault-jan-9-2019%2Farticle_e6d72ee7-5dbb-5eb3-b5b4-6f47f263c11c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-calgaryherald-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-calgaryherald_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-calgaryherald_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/158763662/">"A Super-Natural Thriller: Incubus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Herald" title="Calgary Herald">Calgary Herald</a></i>. December 20, 1980. p. B12 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Calgary+Herald&rft.atitle=A+Super-Natural+Thriller%3A+Incubus&rft.pages=B12&rft.date=1980-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fcalgary-herald%2F158763662%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOldham2016132-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOldham2016132_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOldham2016">Oldham 2016</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/great-falls-tribune/158762878/">"Thriller is top secret"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Falls_Tribune" title="Great Falls Tribune">Great Falls Tribune</a></i>. January 25, 1981. p. 71 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Falls+Tribune&rft.atitle=Thriller+is+top+secret&rft.pages=71&rft.date=1981-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fgreat-falls-tribune%2F158762878%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun/158763567/">"Cast of thriller sworn to secrecy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Sun" title="Vancouver Sun">Vancouver Sun</a></i>. October 25, 1980. p. D2 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun&rft.atitle=Cast+of+thriller+sworn+to+secrecy&rft.pages=D2&rft.date=1980-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-vancouver-sun%2F158763567%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/telegraph-journal/158763607/">"Major Role For Keane Can't Be Described As Instant Success"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Telegraph-Journal" title="Telegraph-Journal">Telegraph-Journal</a></i>. November 13, 1980. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegraph-Journal&rft.atitle=Major+Role+For+Keane+Can%27t+Be+Described+As+Instant+Success&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1980-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Ftelegraph-journal%2F158763607%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ottawa-citizen/158822790/">"Banks seize financially troubled Canadian movies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a></i>. 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July 24, 1982. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tucson+Citizen&rft.atitle=The+Incubus&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1982-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Ftucson-citizen%2F158762914%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnisch1982" class="citation news cs1">Harnisch, Larry (August 3, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25480314/arizona-daily-star/">"Ill-conceived horror effort 'Incubus' is a truly horrid artistic effort"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Daily_Star" title="Arizona Daily Star">Arizona Daily Star</a></i>. p. 13 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Ill-conceived+horror+effort+%27Incubus%27+is+a+truly+horrid+artistic+effort&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1982-08-03&rft.aulast=Harnisch&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F25480314%2Farizona-daily-star%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25479491/arizona_republic/">"Movie Guide: New This Week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arizona_Republic" title="The Arizona Republic">The Arizona Republic</a></i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/4524/incubus-the/">the original</a> on December 23, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DVD+Talk&rft.atitle=The+Incubus%3A+DVD+Talk+Review&rft.date=2002-09-04&rft.aulast=Bovberg&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvdtalk.com%2Freviews%2F4524%2Fincubus-the%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><i>The Incubus</i> (DVD). Scorpion Releasing. 2013. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A50PDS4">B00A50PDS4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Incubus&rft.pub=Scorpion+Releasing&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00A50PDS4%23id-name%3DASIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2018" class="citation web cs1">Squires, John (September 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914114621/https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3521664/vinegar-syndrome-announces-four-horror-blu-rays-october-30-including-def-temptation/">"Vinegar Syndrome Announces Four Horror Blu-rays for October 30, Including 'Def by Temptation'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Disgusting" title="Bloody Disgusting">Bloody Disgusting</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3521664/vinegar-syndrome-announces-four-horror-blu-rays-october-30-including-def-temptation/">the original</a> on September 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloody+Disgusting&rft.atitle=Vinegar+Syndrome+Announces+Four+Horror+Blu-rays+for+October+30%2C+Including+%27Def+by+Temptation%27&rft.date=2018-09-13&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbloody-disgusting.com%2Fhome-video%2F3521664%2Fvinegar-syndrome-announces-four-horror-blu-rays-october-30-including-def-temptation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanby,_Vincent1982" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Canby, Vincent</a> (September 4, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/wip/4y09b">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Incubus,' Supernatural"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/04/movies/incubus-supernatural.html0">the original</a> on November 11, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Incubus%2C%27+Supernatural&rft.date=1982-09-04&rft.au=Canby%2C+Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F09%2F04%2Fmovies%2Fincubus-supernatural.html0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian/158762950/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Incubus' a so-so horror film"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Salinas_Californian" title="The Salinas Californian">The Salinas Californian</a></i>. September 17, 1982. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Salinas+Californian&rft.atitle=%27Incubus%27+a+so-so+horror+film&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1982-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Farticle%2Fthe-californian%2F158762950%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pbp-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pbp_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlank1983" class="citation news cs1">Blank, ed. (January 14, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25475541/the_pittsburgh_press/">"Lousy Plot Is Real Demon In 'Incubus'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Press">Pittsburgh Press</a></i>. p. B-7 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=Lousy+Plot+Is+Real+Demon+In+%27Incubus%27&rft.pages=B-7&rft.date=1983-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F25475541%2Fthe_pittsburgh_press%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKogan1982" class="citation news cs1">Kogan, Rick (September 26, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25475672/the_journal_news/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Incubus' nightmare of bad taste"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_News" title="The Journal News">The Journal News</a></i>. p. G3 – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+News&rft.atitle=%27Incubus%27+nightmare+of+bad+taste&rft.pages=G3&rft.date=1982-09-26&rft.aulast=Kogan&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F25475672%2Fthe_journal_news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingel1982" class="citation news cs1">Ringel, Eleanor (November 9, 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25475760/the_atlanta_constitution/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Incubus' disturbingly nasty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a></i>. p. 4-B – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=%27Incubus%27+disturbingly+nasty&rft.pages=4-B&rft.date=1982-11-09&rft.aulast=Ringel&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F25475760%2Fthe_atlanta_constitution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvguide.com/movies/the-incubus/review/2030125804/">"The Incubus Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/wip/iwsuP">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV+Guide&rft.atitle=The+Incubus+Review&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fmovies%2Fthe-incubus%2Freview%2F2030125804%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoore1983150-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoore1983150_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoore1983">Moore 1983</a>, p. 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPym1998426-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPym1998426_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPym1998">Pym 1998</a>, p. 426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuir2011258–9-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuir2011258–9_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuir2011">Muir 2011</a>, pp. 258–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBleiler2004308-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBleiler2004308_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBleiler2004">Bleiler 2004</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleiler2004" class="citation book cs1">Bleiler, David, ed. (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/tlavideodvdguide00davi"><i>TLA Video & DVD Guide 2005: The Discerning Film Lover's Guide</i></a></span>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-466-86782-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-466-86782-6"><bdi>978-1-466-86782-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TLA+Video+%26+DVD+Guide+2005%3A+The+Discerning+Film+Lover%27s+Guide&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-466-86782-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftlavideodvdguide00davi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonahue1987" class="citation book cs1">Donahue, Suzanne Mary (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanfilmdist0000dona/"><i>American Film Distribution: The Changing Marketplace</i></a>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-835-71776-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-835-71776-2"><bdi>978-0-835-71776-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Film+Distribution%3A+The+Changing+Marketplace&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=UMI+Research+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-835-71776-2&rft.aulast=Donahue&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanfilmdist0000dona%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFry2008" class="citation book cs1">Fry, Carrol (2008). <i>Cinema of the Occult: New Age, Satanism, Wicca, and Spiritualism in Film</i>. Madison, New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-934-22395-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-934-22395-9"><bdi>978-0-934-22395-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinema+of+the+Occult%3A+New+Age%2C+Satanism%2C+Wicca%2C+and+Spiritualism+in+Film&rft.place=Madison%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-934-22395-9&rft.aulast=Fry&rft.aufirst=Carrol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerner1997" class="citation book cs1">Lerner, Loren R. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OwwjSEJSMHQC&q=incubus+film+canada&pg=PA1077"><i>Canadian Film and Video: A Bibliography and Guide to the Literature, Volume 1; Volume 7</i></a>. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-802-02988-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-802-02988-1"><bdi>978-0-802-02988-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Film+and+Video%3A+A+Bibliography+and+Guide+to+the+Literature%2C+Volume+1%3B+Volume+7&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-802-02988-1&rft.aulast=Lerner&rft.aufirst=Loren+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOwwjSEJSMHQC%26q%3Dincubus%2Bfilm%2Bcanada%26pg%3DPA1077&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1983" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Darrell (1983). <i>The Best, Worst, and Most Unusual: Horror Films</i>. Beekman House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-881-76097-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-881-76097-2"><bdi>978-0-881-76097-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best%2C+Worst%2C+and+Most+Unusual%3A+Horror+Films&rft.pub=Beekman+House&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-881-76097-2&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2011" class="citation book cs1">Muir, John Kenneth (2011). <i>Horror Films of the 1980s</i>. Vol. 1. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-786-45501-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-786-45501-0"><bdi>978-0-786-45501-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horror+Films+of+the+1980s&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-786-45501-0&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=John+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOldham2016" class="citation book cs1">Oldham, Gabriella, ed. (2016). <i>John Cassavetes: Interviews</i>. Conversations with Filmmakers Series. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-496-80672-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-496-80672-7"><bdi>978-1-496-80672-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Cassavetes%3A+Interviews&rft.place=Jackson&rft.series=Conversations+with+Filmmakers+Series&rft.pub=University+of+Mississippi+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-496-80672-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPym1998" class="citation book cs1">Pym, John (1998). <i>Time Out Film Guide</i> (7th ed.). New York City, New York: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-140-27525-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-140-27525-4"><bdi>978-0-140-27525-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+Out+Film+Guide&rft.place=New+York+City%2C+New+York&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-140-27525-4&rft.aulast=Pym&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIncubus+%281981+film%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Incubus_(1981_film)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0084133/"><i>Incubus</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_John_Hough" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/John_Hough_(director)" title="John Hough (director)">John Hough</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Wolfshead:_The_Legend_of_Robin_Hood" title="Wolfshead: The Legend of Robin Hood">Wolfshead: The Legend of Robin Hood</a></i> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Eyewitness_(1970_film)" title="Eyewitness (1970 film)">Eyewitness</a></i> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Twins_of_Evil" title="Twins of Evil">Twins of Evil</a></i> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Island_(1972_film)" title="Treasure Island (1972 film)">Treasure Island</a></i> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Hell_House" title="The Legend of Hell House">The Legend of Hell House</a></i> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Mary,_Crazy_Larry" title="Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry">Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry</a></i> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_to_Witch_Mountain_(1975_film)" title="Escape to Witch Mountain (1975 film)">Escape to Witch Mountain</a></i> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Return_from_Witch_Mountain" title="Return from Witch Mountain">Return from Witch Mountain</a></i> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Brass_Target" title="Brass Target">Brass Target</a></i> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Watcher_in_the_Woods_(1980_film)" title="The Watcher in the Woods (1980 film)">The Watcher in the Woods</a></i> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Incubus_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Incubus (film)">The Incubus</a></i> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Triumphs_of_a_Man_Called_Horse" title="Triumphs of a Man Called Horse">Triumphs of a Man Called Horse</a></i> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow_(1985_film)" title="Black Arrow (1985 film)">Black Arrow</a></i> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Biggles_(film)" title="Biggles (film)">Biggles: Adventures in Time</a></i> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Hazard_of_Hearts" title="A Hazard of Hearts">A Hazard of Hearts</a></i> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic_(1988_film)" title="American Gothic (1988 film)">American Gothic</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Howling_IV:_The_Original_Nightmare" title="Howling IV: The Original Nightmare">Howling IV: The Original Nightmare</a></i> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lady_and_the_Highwayman" title="The Lady and the Highwayman">The Lady and the Highwayman</a></i> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>A Ghost in Monte Carlo</i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Duel_of_Hearts" title="Duel of Hearts">Duel of Hearts</a></i> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Something_to_Believe_In_(film)" title="Something to Believe In (film)">Something to Believe In</a></i> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bad_Karma_(2002_film)" title="Bad Karma (2002 film)">Bad Karma</a></i> (2002)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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