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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years_and_initial_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_and_initial_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early years and initial development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_and_initial_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_achievements_and_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_achievements_and_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>First achievements and growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_achievements_and_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_development_of_the_festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_development_of_the_festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Further development of the festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_development_of_the_festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020_and_2021_edition_postponements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_and_2021_edition_postponements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>2020 and 2021 edition postponements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_and_2021_edition_postponements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_festival_post-Corona" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_festival_post-Corona"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>The festival post-Corona</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_festival_post-Corona-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organisation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organisation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Stages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Event_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Event_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Event area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Event_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Camping_grounds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Camping_grounds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Camping grounds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Camping_grounds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Medical services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime_and_accidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime_and_accidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Crime and accidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime_and_accidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commitment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commitment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Commitment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commitment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Commitment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Commitment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metal_Battle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_Battle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Metal Battle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_Battle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wacken_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wacken_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Wacken Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wacken_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wacken_Music_Camp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wacken_Music_Camp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Wacken Music Camp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wacken_Music_Camp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood_donations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_donations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Blood donations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_donations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DKMS_typing_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DKMS_typing_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>DKMS typing campaign</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DKMS_typing_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stark_gegen_Krebs_–_Strong_against_cancer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stark_gegen_Krebs_–_Strong_against_cancer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Stark gegen Krebs – Strong against cancer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stark_gegen_Krebs_–_Strong_against_cancer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Network</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Network-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Network subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Full_Metal_Cruise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_Metal_Cruise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Full Metal Cruise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_Metal_Cruise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamburg_Metal_Dayz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamburg_Metal_Dayz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Hamburg Metal Dayz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamburg_Metal_Dayz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wacken_Roadshow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wacken_Roadshow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Wacken Roadshow</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wacken_Roadshow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_Monday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_Monday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Metal Monday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_Monday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zum_Wackinger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zum_Wackinger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Zum Wackinger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zum_Wackinger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metal_Church" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metal_Church"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Metal Church</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metal_Church-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wacken_Winter_Nights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wacken_Winter_Nights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Wacken Winter Nights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wacken_Winter_Nights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-StrongmanRun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#StrongmanRun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>StrongmanRun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-StrongmanRun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wacken_Rocks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wacken_Rocks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Wacken Rocks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wacken_Rocks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_Metal_Mountain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_Metal_Mountain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Full Metal Mountain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_Metal_Mountain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_Metal_Holiday" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_Metal_Holiday"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Full Metal Holiday</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_Metal_Holiday-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-W:O:A_in_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#W:O:A_in_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>W:O:A in numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W:O:A_in_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Documentaries_and_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries_and_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Documentaries and reception </span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Documentaries_and_reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Documentaries and reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Documentaries_and_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Documentaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Documentaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Documentaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Documentaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_Wacken_Open_Air_videos_and_DVDs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_Wacken_Open_Air_videos_and_DVDs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Official Wacken Open Air videos and DVDs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_Wacken_Open_Air_videos_and_DVDs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Live_albums_by_various_bands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_albums_by_various_bands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Live albums by various bands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_albums_by_various_bands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TV_Series_'Legend_of_Wacken'" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TV_Series_'Legend_of_Wacken'"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>TV Series 'Legend of Wacken'</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TV_Series_'Legend_of_Wacken'-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>Further reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wacken Open Air</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="مهرجان واكين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مهرجان واكين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Фестивал във Вакен – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фестивал във Вакен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="وکن اوپن ایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وکن اوپن ایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%BC%84_%EC%98%A4%ED%94%88_%EC%97%90%EC%96%B4" title="바켄 오픈 에어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바켄 오픈 에어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="פסטיבל ואקן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פסטיבל ואקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Вакенски фестивал – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вакенски фестивал" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%A2" title="ヴァッケン・オープン・エア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴァッケン・オープン・エア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" title="Wacken Open Air – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Wacken Open Air" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Wacken_Open_Air&params=54_01_42_N_9_21_22_E_region:DE-NI_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°01′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°21′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.02833°N 9.35611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.02833; 9.35611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German heavy metal music festival</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Wacken Open Air</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg/285px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg/428px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg/570px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_2017215225222_2017-08-03_Wacken_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_1539_-_B70I9471.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5011" data-file-height="3341" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The burning skull is the official symbol for<br />Wacken Open Air.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wacken,_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Wacken, Schleswig-Holstein">Wacken</a>, Germany</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1989–2019, 2022–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/en/">wacken.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:We_are_the_metalheads.ogg" title="File:We are the metalheads.ogg">We Are the Metalheads (2009)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="We_are_the_metalheads.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a1/We_are_the_metalheads.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/a/a1/We_are_the_metalheads.ogg/We_are_the_metalheads.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The official Wacken Hymn, performed by <a href="/wiki/Doro_(musician)" title="Doro (musician)">Doro</a> and Skyline.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DisneylandAfterDark.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/DisneylandAfterDark.JPG/220px-DisneylandAfterDark.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/DisneylandAfterDark.JPG/330px-DisneylandAfterDark.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/DisneylandAfterDark.JPG/440px-DisneylandAfterDark.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/D-A-D" class="mw-redirect" title="D-A-D">D-A-D</a>. Wacken Open Air 2009.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wacken Open Air</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>, abbreviated as <b>W:O:A</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a> <a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">music festival</a>, held annually since 1989 on the first weekend of August in the village of <a href="/wiki/Wacken,_Schleswig-Holstein" title="Wacken, Schleswig-Holstein">Wacken</a> in <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, Germany. Almost all styles and subgenres of <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">metal</a> are represented and hosted.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now one of the largest heavy metal festivals in the world and one of the largest open-air festivals in Germany. Between 2011 and 2018, the number of attendees was around 85,000, 75,000 of whom were paying visitors. Due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, there were no 2020 and 2021 editions of Wacken Open Air. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The idea for Wacken Open Air was conceived in 1989 when Thomas Jensen and Holger Hübner visited a restaurant together. Both lived in Wacken and were friends, Jensen played the electric bass with <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> cover band Skyline. From its beginnings until 1992, the band was composed of Ines Jeske from <a href="/wiki/Vaale" title="Vaale">Vaale</a> (vocals), Thomas Jensen from Wacken (bass), Peter Huhn from Wacken (electric guitar), Dennis Harman from <a href="/wiki/Itzehoe" title="Itzehoe">Itzehoe</a> (keyboard), and Andreas Göser from Wacken (drums). Skyline was one of the first regional Metal and Rock <a href="/wiki/Cover_band" title="Cover band">cover bands</a> at that time. The band was regionally known, working its way from appearances in village pubs and gigs at biker meetings up to an appearance as supporting band of "<a href="/wiki/Extrabreit" title="Extrabreit">Extrabreit</a>". Hübner was a disc jockey with a focus on Rock music and Heavy Metal. Jensen and Hübner developed the idea to organise an <a href="/wiki/Open-air_concert" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-air concert">open-air concert</a> in a gravel pit in Wacken and persuaded Skyline drummer Andreas Göser and Jörg Jensen, Thomas Jensen's brother, to help make it happen. Until then, the pit had already served as a meeting venue for up to 3,000 members of biker club 'No Mercys', it was therefore perfectly suited for their plans and also presented an opportunity to attract motorcycle fans. From the beginning, it was clear that the focus of the event would be on Rock and Metal and that, in contrast to other single-day festivals such as <a href="/wiki/Monsters_of_Rock" title="Monsters of Rock">Monsters of Rock</a> or Super Rock in <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, there would also be camping grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years_and_initial_development">Early years and initial development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years and initial development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg/220px-Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg/330px-Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg/440px-Wacken_Promotion_1990.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for Wacken Open Air in 1990</figcaption></figure> <p>The first two-day festival took place in the gravel pit on 24 and 25 August 1990 and barely had 800 visitors. The performing bands all hailed from Germany, and apart from Skyline, bands like 5th Avenue, Motoslug, Sacred Season, Axe 'n Sex, and Wizzard played. The first festivals were organised privately, with the technology being built on a trailer borrowed from a local trucking company and the stage being a DIY construction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In subsequent years, too, most of the tasks were carried out by the small team. Until August 1994, for example, ticket orders were organised privately by Andy Göser's mother Regina Göser and security duties were performed by friendly motorcycle clubs up until 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, the number of visitors increased to 1,300,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with Skyline returning, Bon Scott, an <a href="/wiki/AC/DC" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a> cover band from <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, Gypsy Kyss, Kilgore, Life Artist, Ruby Red, and Shanghai'd Guts joined them on stage for an all-regional roster.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, the iconic skull logo was designed by Mark Ramsauer after the basic shape had been determined by Thomas Jensen and Holger Hübner.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cow skull refers to the venue, a meadow for cows, and to Jensen and Hübner as "boys from the village".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, the programme changed to include internationally renowned bands such as <a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxon_(band)" title="Saxon (band)">Saxon</a> for the first time,<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the number of bands rose to 26, listing bands from <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organisers used a professional stage with lighting and PA for the first time and were able to win cigarette brand Prince Denmark as a sponsor.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, the Party Stage was set up in the DJ tent next to the main stage, where cover bands and fun projects were to perform exclusively. The additional post-concert costs for garbage disposal on the campground, where 2,500 paying guests and many more were present and celebrated, as well as the significantly oversized security, among other things, meant that the organisers recorded a loss of around 25,000 D-Mark that year.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the reunion of the band <a href="/wiki/Fates_Warning" title="Fates Warning">Fates Warning</a> at the festival in 1993, Wacken Open Air had a special feature and also made a name for itself in the following years with unusual band constellations and reunions. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Doro_(musician)" title="Doro (musician)">Doro Pesch</a> and other well-known bands made for interesting appearances, which resulted in a new record attendance of 3,500 paying customers. Simultaneously, the team tried their hand at concert organisation and, under the moniker Stone Castle Promotion, held a <a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a> concert for 2,000 people in Flensburg which, unfortunately, could not cover its promotional costs. A show with <a href="/wiki/Dio_(band)" title="Dio (band)">Dio</a>/Freak of Nature became a disaster with only 167 tickets sold, and together with the Open Air, which again recorded a minus, the organisers incurred debts of around 350,000 D-Mark. As a result, Jörg Jensen and Andreas Göser left the team; Holger Hübner and Thomas Jensen remained, as did Jörn-Ulf Goesmann for another two years, continuing to run the Wacken Open Air despite the debts for which their parents had provided guarantees. During the same year, Thomas Jensen's mother died and Holger Hübner had a serious accident – the year went down in Wacken history as the "year of the plague".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On its fifth anniversary in 1994, the financial situation stabilised and the festival finally broke even. The line-up remained professional and featured many internationally known bands from the metal scene. A total of 4,500 tickets were sold; on top of that, due to the rising costs of garbage disposal, tickets for the camping grounds had to be purchased separately, and pre-orders were rewarded with a free T-shirt.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in 1995, income and expenses evened out thanks to the commitment of bands such as <a href="/wiki/Tiamat_(band)" title="Tiamat (band)">Tiamat</a>, <a href="/wiki/D.A.D._(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="D.A.D. (band)">D-A-D</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pretty_Maids" title="Pretty Maids">Pretty Maids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angra_(band)" title="Angra (band)">Angra</a>. But even with roughly 5,000 attendees, the festival didn't turn a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, for the first time, national media became aware of Wacken Open Air, especially <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hard_(magazine)" title="Rock Hard (magazine)">Rock Hard</a> magazine, as well as the newly founded TV station <a href="/wiki/VIVA_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Germany">VIVA</a> with its Heavy Metal programme <i>Metalla</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_achievements_and_growth">First achievements and growth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First achievements and growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ticket sales for the 1996 festival again started sluggishly, despite a headliner like <a href="/wiki/Kreator" title="Kreator">Kreator</a> and numerous internationally renowned bands such as <a href="/wiki/The_Exploited" title="The Exploited">The Exploited</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorefest" title="Gorefest">Gorefest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crematory_(band)" title="Crematory (band)">Crematory</a>. Management tried to prevent another loss by securing more acts and finally managed to get <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B6hse_Onkelz" title="Böhse Onkelz">Böhse Onkelz</a> to perform. The engagement of the controversial band also led to criticism, and some bands cancelled their gig in Wacken that year. Cologne band Brings called off their gig on short notice and offered to refund their fans' ticket prices.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of many visitors flooding the village in 1996, the inhabitants of Wacken voiced their concern over an event of this size being held in the local gravel pit. Uwe Trede offered to relocate the festival site to his own property and the areas previously used as campgrounds and took care of the acquisition of additional land. The organisational team grew to include Thomas Hess as production manager, who had previously been active as tour manager for Die Böhsen Onkelz, as well as Sheree Hesse for catering to the artists and VIPs. With the W.E.T.-Stage, a third stage was set up in 1997. The "Wacken Evolution Tent" was to be made available primarily to newcomers and bands without record deals. That year, the number of visitors reached 10,000 for the first time, with <a href="/wiki/Rockbitch" title="Rockbitch">Rockbitch</a>'s erotic stage show causing a scene.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_development_of_the_festival">Further development of the festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further development of the festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WackenOpenAir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WackenOpenAir.jpg/220px-WackenOpenAir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WackenOpenAir.jpg/330px-WackenOpenAir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/WackenOpenAir.jpg/440px-WackenOpenAir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>W:O:A 2005 was attended by 40,000 people.</figcaption></figure> <p>Over the years, the size of Wacken Open Air has grown continuously, and now dozens of bands and tens of thousands of visitors flock to the festival. Even though the organisers said in 2006 that 62,500 visitors were "the limit of what is possible",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> changes were made to the structure of the festival grounds the following year by allocating a larger area to the "Party Stage". In addition, tickets could no longer be purchased directly on the festival grounds to reduce the number of spontaneous or ticketless visitors. In 2007 and 2008, the festival had already sold out as a result of advance ticket sales; for W:O:A 2009, tickets had even sold out by the end of 2008. The tickets for 2010, too, sold out months in advance.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the festival originally only lasted two days, the performances have been lasting from Thursday to Saturday, i.e., three days, for some years. Thursday became a "Night to Remember", with mainly "classical" Heavy Metal bands appearing, such as the <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a> in 2006. On the actual Party Stage, younger and more modern bands play as a contrast to the "Night to Remember". In addition, the event is accompanied by a rich complementary programme; in addition to a merchant area – obligatory for music festivals – a beer garden has been operating since 2000, in which the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Firefighters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wacken Firefighters (page does not exist)">Wacken Firefighters</a>' marching band opens the festival before its official start. On Thursday in 2007, the "Hellfest Stage" was initiated. Since 2009, there has been a "Medieval Stage", where mainly <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Medieval</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk Metal</a> bands play. </p><p>The fact that many well-known bands, including the Scorpions, <a href="/wiki/Saxon_(band)" title="Saxon (band)">Saxon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twisted_Sister" title="Twisted Sister">Twisted Sister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimmu_Borgir" title="Dimmu Borgir">Dimmu Borgir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slayer" title="Slayer">Slayer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Helloween" title="Helloween">Helloween</a>, have recorded live <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVDs</a> at Wacken, shows how esteemed the Open Air has since become. Ahead of their farewell tour in 2004, Die Böhsen Onkelz also performed an extended set at W:O:A. </p><p>Since 2002, the so-called "Metal Train" has been travelling from <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" class="mw-redirect" title="München">Munich</a> to Wacken and back before and after the festival to bring fans to the Northern German village and provide a matching entertainment programme. Bus tours from <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> countries, especially <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, but also from <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, are organised each year and used by several hundred fans.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "W:O:A Soccercup" has been taking place annually since 2002. This football tournament, which started with nine teams and takes place on Wednesdays, has grown over the years and has been held in World Cup mode with 32 teams since 2007 (a one-off event in 2011 featured 36 teams). The international teams register in advance and are composed of festival visitors. For the tournament's 15th anniversary in 2016, a band was featured and took part for the first time: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serum_114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serum 114 (page does not exist)">Serum 114</a> formed a team with several fans and were able to win the tournament. Although it is meant to be a fun tournament, in which creative outfits and names take precedence over athletic performance, the award ceremony after the tournament has been held on one of the stages since 2013 and prizes can be won.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 2013, the "Full Metal Church" took place in Wacken for the first time. Marking the local church's 150th anniversary, the team, together with the parish, organised a concert by the band <a href="/wiki/Faun_(band)" title="Faun (band)">Faun</a>, which was framed by two readings and sermons by "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Volxbibel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volxbibel (page does not exist)">Volxbibel</a>" author Martin Dreyer. Both the concert and the services were completely overcrowded by festival visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg/220px-Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg/330px-Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg/440px-Alice_Cooper_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2017_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4937" data-file-height="3569" /></a><figcaption>Alice Cooper at Wacken Open Air 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The festival is one of the Metal scene's highlights of the year. Nowadays, about a third of the visitors, some of whom arrive quite some time before the official start of the festival, and the majority of the bands come from abroad. According to the organisers, 2018 saw visitors from more than 80 nations attending the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The number of participants increased to 75,000 in 2008 and included 65,000 paying guests. In 2008, the festival sold out twice (W:O:A 2008 in spring and W:O:A 2009 on 31 December 2008).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As is common with festivals of this size, Wacken Open Air received criticism for its hygienic conditions, prices, security personnel, as well as for the overcrowding and commercial orientation of the event. These points of criticism were addressed by making further substantial investments in the festival's fixed and mobile infrastructure. In 2008, the organisers also contributed 1,000,000 Euros to the expansion of Wacken's local outdoor swimming pool in order to make the festival even more attractive to the residents and visitors of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2006, the festival has been running an <a href="/wiki/Internet_radio" title="Internet radio">online radio</a> station called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Radio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wacken Radio (page does not exist)">Wacken Radio</a>, which broadcasts Metal music around the clock. It is being produced in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/RauteMusik.FM" title="RauteMusik.FM">RauteMusik</a> as of February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG/220px-Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG/330px-Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG/440px-Wikipedians_at_WOA_2011.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Attendees at Wacken Open Air 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>For the 23rd edition of Wacken Open Air, the sale of an "X-Mas Package" started on Monday, 8 August 2011, shortly after the end of that year's festival, and was sold out within 45 minutes. The event sold out ten times in a row between 2006 and 2015. Tickets for Wacken Open Air 2015 sold out after just 12 hours on 4 August 2014 – just a few hours after the end of W:O:A 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The X-Mas Tickets for W:O:A 2016, which cost 10 Euros less and whose buyers were entitled to a free T-shirt, were completely sold out only 20 minutes after the start of pre-sales. Booking office Metaltix' servers were highly busy. In the minutes before the start of the pre-sale, the pages were no longer accessible; after that, <a href="/wiki/Network_traffic" title="Network traffic">data traffic</a> had to be limited by wait lists. </p><p>Prices for the festival have risen and are currently at a level similar to other major Rock festivals, such as <a href="/wiki/Rock_am_Ring_and_Rock_im_Park" title="Rock am Ring and Rock im Park">Rock am Ring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Festival" title="Hurricane Festival">Hurricane Festival</a>. After several years of success in which the festival sold out within hours, the first 60,000 tickets for the 2017 festival were sold in mid-2016. 55,000 tickets were sold within the first hour. By the end of April 2017, the festival was almost sold out except for a few remaining tickets. The price for the festival ticket was 220 Euros, but there was no fee for early arrival campers, who often set up their elaborately designed accommodations before the festival begins – partly to get the best spots near the festival grounds. In addition, all toilets and showers were free in 2017. </p><p>The festival sold out within a few days each in 2014–2016. However, the last tickets for the 2017 festival were sold after 309 days, a mere 2 months before the start of the festival, even though only 10,000 tickets remained after the first day of sales. This was a matter of speculation at first, and reasons such as the changed security situation or the price development were taken into account.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless of that, the festival sold out for the 13th time in a row in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 April 2018, Thomas Hess, the festival's longtime production (and former security) director, passed away. He had joined festival management in 1996 as a former tour manager of Böhse Onkelz and was considered one of the most important leading figures for the festival, along with the remaining founders and the Trede family, who organise the camping areas and the camping supervisors as subcontractors. He made a significant contribution to the W:O:A being so well organised, peaceful and successful.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wacken Open Air 2018 was named the best major festival at the European Festival Awards 2018 and best festival at the Helga! Awards.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For W:O:A 2019, all 75,000 tickets were sold within the first four days of sales, making this the 14th time in a row that the festival completely sold out.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_and_2021_edition_postponements">2020 and 2021 edition postponements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2020 and 2021 edition postponements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 16 April 2020, it was announced that the 2020 edition of the festival would be cancelled because of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first set of bands were announced on 1 August 2020 for the rescheduled festival for 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 June 2021, the promoters of Wacken Open Air announced that the festival would not take place this year, again due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and is scheduled to return in the summer of 2022, with more information and details to be announced in September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_festival_post-Corona">The festival post-Corona</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The festival post-Corona"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2022 was the first edition that was able to take place since the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Headliners were <a href="/wiki/Powerwolf" title="Powerwolf">Powerwolf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slipknot_(band)" title="Slipknot (band)">Slipknot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a>. </p><p>The 2023 edition was sold out in record time of 5 hours. Headliners were <a href="/wiki/Iron_Maiden" title="Iron Maiden">Iron Maiden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heaven_Shall_Burn" title="Heaven Shall Burn">Heaven Shall Burn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doro_(musician)" title="Doro (musician)">Doro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Helloween" title="Helloween">Helloween</a>. But for the first time in the festival's history, they had to announce a travel stop for motorized vehicles due to heavy rainfall and storm alerts.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This announcement came Wednesday morning, the day before the festival was supposed to officially start. The police estimated 50,000 festival goers were able to reach the festival by the time the travel stop was announced.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The people who weren't able to reach the festival were offered a full refund. </p><p>As per usual, the 2024 edition sold out, once again in a record time of 4.9 hours. Announced bands included <a href="/wiki/Amon_Amarth" title="Amon Amarth">Amon Amarth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a> & <a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG/220px-Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG/330px-Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG/440px-Wacken_2011_Impression_05.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Sanitary facilities on the camping grounds with illuminated "sign of the horns", Wacken Open Air 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>The organisers of Wacken Open Air founded <i>Stone Castle Rockpromotions</i> in 1990 in order to organise the first festival. The name is derived from the direct translation of "Steinburg" from the district of <a href="/wiki/Steinburg" title="Steinburg">Steinburg</a>, to which Wacken belongs.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stone Castle remained the company's name until 1996. Up until 2014, the headquarters were located in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rpstedt" title="Dörpstedt">Dörpstedt (Schleswig-Flensburg district)</a> and then moved to Wacken. The company's name has been <i>ICS</i> (International Concert Service) GmbH since 1999. The company owns the label <i>Wacken Records</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mailorder</a> Metaltix, among others. </p><p>A daily festival newspaper has been available since 2007, reporting on what's happening on the festival grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Thursday edition is also included free of charge with all newspapers published by <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinischer_Zeitungsverlag" title="Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag">Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag</a>. </p><p>In 2014, the online radio station RauteMusik took over production of the official Wacken radio. Wacken Radio has its own container on the festival grounds every year, where it reports live. </p><p>Up until a few years ago, Wacken's official town signs were either replaced by plastic signs spelling Heavy Metal Town during W:O:A or bolted more tightly because they were often stolen as souvenirs. Some shops are now selling black cotton bags with the Wacken town sign on one side and the words "This town sign I may keep" on the other. </p><p>An action for exceeding the maximum noise limit, brought before the Administrative Court of Schleswig by residents of Wacken, ended in January 2013 with an out-of-court settlement. Now, if the average noise level of the festival exceeds 70 dB, the organisers pay 1,000 Euros to the community, which donates the money to charitable causes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2022, it was announced that starting with W:O:A 2023 and onwards, the festival will be officially extended from three to four full days and that the Wednesday will be the new first full day. Up until 2022, while there was plenty of programme on Wednesdays, it was more of an unofficial afternoon introduction to the festival and Thursdays remained the official opening day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site covers more than 240 <a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a>, which are divided by more than 45 kilometres of fence. The inner area, including the main stage, has a size of 43,000 <a href="/wiki/Square_metre" title="Square metre">square metres</a>. More than 1,300 toilets and almost 500 showers are available for the 75,000 paying attendees. 2,200 trucks with equipment are needed for the entire festival. Stage construction and dismantling usually take 7 days and 5 days respectively. For this, 75 trucks of stage equipment (1,000 tons), 10 trucks of sound equipment and 27 trucks of lighting equipment are used.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electric</a> output has amounted to 12 megawatts, roughly matching the needs of a small town counting 70,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, 40 diesel-fuelled <a href="/wiki/Emergency_power_system" title="Emergency power system">emergency power generators</a> are required. 25 electricians are responsible for the power supply.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>600,000 Euros were spent on the construction of sewage systems and the improvement of power supply on the festival grounds. At the same time, 700,000 Euros worth of drains were installed in front of the stages in order to improve the drainage of water masses during heavy rains. The main paths were also paved with 10 km of mobile roads to facilitate access for rescue vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A total of approximately 5,000 employees work for the festival, including 1,800 security staff members, 150 cleaners, 70 construction and dismantling assistants, as well as 400 police officers, 250 firefighters, 900 paramedics, and six emergency doctors. </p><p>In 2017, a beer pipeline measuring one kilometer to supply ten dispensing systems was used for the first time. At full capacity, this construction allowed for 10,000 litres of beer to be tapped within the hour.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stages">Stages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Stages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg/220px-Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg/330px-Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg/440px-Nightwish_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2018-1769.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4193" data-file-height="2702" /></a><figcaption>Faster/Harder Stages at Wacken Open Air 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>Wacken Open Air now boasts eight stages for musicians and accompanying entertainment. The most important ones are the Faster and the Harder Stage, which are designed as connected twin stages and have a shared sound and lighting system. Together with the slightly smaller Louder Stage, these two stages make up the Infield, or The Holy Ground. All three stages are also equipped with <a href="/wiki/Video_wall" title="Video wall">video walls</a> to allow visibility of the performers even from remote positions. </p><p>Up until 2016, these three stages were called Black Stage, True Metal Stage, and Party Stage. After Wacken 2016, visitors were encouraged to suggest new names. From these suggestions, the best ideas were to be put up to a vote in a survey. Instead, however, the slogan "Faster - Harder - Louder" became the inspiration for the names and the three stages were renamed accordingly.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two more twin stages, the W.E.T. Stage (Wacken Evolution Tent) and the Headbanger Stage, are located inside a big tent called Bullhead City Circus. The Metal Battle takes place on these stages on Wednesday and Thursday, followed by regular band appearances on the days after. </p><p>While the large stages and tent stages are open to all genres, the remaining stages are dedicated to specific themes. The Wackinger Stage is located in the medieval area of the festival and is played primarily by bands from Folk, Pagan and Medieval genres, while the Wasteland Stage, which was established in 2014, is geared towards music with an apocalyptic touch. The Beergarden Stage is modelled after typical folk festival stages, but also accommodates permanent Wacken guests such as the Wacken Firefighters and <a href="/wiki/Mambo_Kurt" title="Mambo Kurt">Mambo Kurt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Event_area">Event area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Event area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg/220px-Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg/330px-Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg/440px-Wastelander_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Open_Air_2014_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Wasteland – apocalypse at Wacken Open Air 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Wacken Open Air's event area is divided into several structurally separated sections. Since 2014, only one major security check is performed upon entering the grounds, after that, only the festival wristbands are checked.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Special features of the W:O:A include the Wackinger area, which resembles a medieval market and contains specialty food and beverage stalls as well as the Wackinger Stage, where matching music is played. Various walking acts also entertain the audience. This area borders on the Wasteland designed by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wasteland_Warriors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wasteland Warriors (page does not exist)">Wasteland Warriors</a>, where a <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">post-apocalyptic</a> world and stage (Wastelandstage) styled in homage to the <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Max (franchise)">Mad Max</a>-franchise is set up. </p><p>The area in front of the main stages comprises both the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Beer_garden" title="Beer garden">beer garden</a> and a large shopping mile called Metal Markt. There are also various food stalls, the Wacken Foundation Camp, ATMs, and the Movie Field, where Heavy Metal <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentaries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">feature films</a> are screened. </p><p>The most important stages, the focal point of the festival, are located in the so-called Infield, which can be reached only via the Center. In addition to these stages, it also hosts food and beverage stalls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camping_grounds">Camping grounds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Camping grounds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg/220px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg/330px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg/440px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_Wasteland_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016-AL0321.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4881" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Wasteland festival grounds at Wacken Open Air 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>As Wacken Open Air only sells 3-day tickets, the majority of visitors spend the entire festival on-site. As a result, most of the more than 240 hectares of the festival site are designated camping areas. Camping opens on Monday and has been included in the ticket price since 2017. However, in the years before, an extra fee was charged for arrival before Wednesday.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The campsite is equipped with showers, flushing toilets, <a href="/wiki/Portable_toilet" title="Portable toilet">portable toilets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">drinking fountains</a>, small supermarkets, food stalls and information boards, and is continuously patrolled by the police, fire brigade and security services. A refuse collection service collects refuse bags on the premises.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the large crowds lead to a bottleneck situation in terms of mobile service, some providers now set up portable <a href="/wiki/Base_station" title="Base station">base stations</a> for <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>, <a href="/wiki/UMTS" title="UMTS">UMTS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a>+ during the festival.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_services">Medical services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medical services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A festival of this size needs capable medical services, which here are called the Wacken Rescue Squad. Every year, hundreds of helpers from various relief organisations from all over Germany arrive before the festival to prepare the medical camp and care for people in need during the event. The medical service is managed by the local <a href="/wiki/German_Red_Cross" title="German Red Cross">DRK</a> association in <a href="/wiki/Kaltenkirchen" title="Kaltenkirchen">Kaltenkirchen</a>. </p><p>The visiting and local relief organisations provide vehicles and material during the course of the festival. These include ambulances and radios for communication in particular. Due to the road conditions, quads and foot patrols are often used in Wacken, especially in the vicinity of the medical centre. In addition to the medical service, which counts approx. 270 people at peak times, the rescue service cooperation Schleswig-Holstein has more than ten emergency vehicles (ambulances and mobile intensive care units) on site while coordinating the overall <a href="/wiki/Emergency_management" title="Emergency management">emergency management</a>. </p><p>In 2013, around 3,300 people received medical care from approximately 500 medics.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime_and_accidents">Crime and accidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Crime and accidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the size of the festival, no serious security problems have been encountered so far. Disputes among visitors are rare, and in 2011, a total of 20 reports of bodily injury was filed.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main problem consists of several hundred reported thefts each year. In 2011, police were able to arrest three gangs of thieves.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In comparison to other events of this scale, the festival is classified by police as secure.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>So far there have been four deaths and some serious injuries: </p> <ul><li>In 2005, a heavily intoxicated 37-year-old crashed into an ambulance moving at walking pace and succumbed to his head injuries in the hospital. To support his family, organisers held a fundraising event; W:O:A 2006 honoured the deceased with a minute's silence.</li> <li>In 2011, a rioting fan was overwhelmed by security guards in the village and died of <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_arrest" title="Cardiac arrest">cardiovascular arrest</a>.</li> <li>In 2012, a 22-year-old festival visitor went to sleep near a <a href="/wiki/Electric_generator" title="Electric generator">generator</a> and breathed in its <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> fumes. He could not be revived.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, a 52-year-old visitor from Poland died of natural causes in his tent. That same year, a fan was seriously injured when the cartridge of his camping stove exploded for unknown reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2016, two men were injured when one of them set fire to illegal <a href="/wiki/Firecracker" title="Firecracker">firecrackers</a> and the other tried to stop him. Reports that one of the men's ears had been torn off turned out to be false.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2017, a 16-year-old was seriously injured while trying to refill a <a href="/wiki/Portable_stove" title="Portable stove">camping stove</a> with <a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">denatured alcohol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commitment">Commitment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Commitment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal_Battle">Metal Battle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Metal Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg/220px-Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg/330px-Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg/440px-Phantom_Excaliver_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2023_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2923" data-file-height="2281" /></a><figcaption>The 2023 winners of Metal Battle, Japan band <a href="/wiki/Phantom_Excaliver" title="Phantom Excaliver">Phantom Excaliver</a></figcaption></figure> <p>W:O:A Metal Battle is an international band contest first held in 2004. During Metal Battle, newcomer bands compete against each other in national qualifiers and finals; the winner of each country then competes against the other finalists in the grand finale at Wacken Open Air. </p><p>An international jury selects the competition's best bands. In earlier years, winners of the competition were offered a record deal, whereas nowadays, the five best bands receive cash or material prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wacken_Foundation">Wacken Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Wacken Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wacken Foundation (page does not exist)">Wacken Foundation</a> was founded in 2009 by the festival's organisers and serves as a <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(nonprofit)" title="Foundation (nonprofit)">charitable foundation</a>. Its objective is to support young bands from the Heavy Metal genre. </p><p>Sponsorship is granted to specific projects such as the production of a <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a> or the realisation of a tour. In addition, the Wacken Foundation provides information about its projects at many <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> festivals each summer.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 2017/2018 season, the Wacken Foundation's lettering can be found on the jerseys of German 3rd league club <a href="/wiki/FC_Carl_Zeiss_Jena" title="FC Carl Zeiss Jena">FC Carl Zeiss Jena</a>. This was facilitated by jersey sponsors <a href="/wiki/Heaven_Shall_Burn" title="Heaven Shall Burn">Heaven Shall Burn</a>, whose <a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">logo</a> has been moved to the jersey's sleeve for this cause. Part of the proceeds from the jersey's sale is donated to the foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wacken_Music_Camp">Wacken Music Camp</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Wacken Music Camp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2014 saw Wacken Music Camp take place for the first time. One week after the festival ended, young people from all over Germany were invited to write and play their own songs under the guidance of professional musicians. They were accommodated in the so-called Kuhle, the site of the first Wacken Open Air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_donations">Blood donations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Blood donations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organisers regularly call for <a href="/wiki/Blood_donation" title="Blood donation">blood donations</a> with the whole festival team. Blood is donated at the Itzehoe Clinic and the entire wing is decorated in W:O:A style, while Heavy Metal is blasted through the speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DKMS_typing_campaign">DKMS typing campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: DKMS typing campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since W:O:A 2014, visitors and musicians have been encouraged to have their <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> typed for donation by the <a href="/wiki/DKMS" title="DKMS">German Bone Marrow Donor Database</a>. In 2014, 2,700 visitors took this opportunity.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stark_gegen_Krebs_–_Strong_against_cancer"><span id="Stark_gegen_Krebs_.E2.80.93_Strong_against_cancer"></span>Stark gegen Krebs – Strong against cancer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Stark gegen Krebs – Strong against cancer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The festival works with the organisers of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Wattol%C3%BCmpiade" class="mw-redirect" title="Wattolümpiade">Wattolümpiade</a> ("mudflat Olympics") in <a href="/wiki/Brunsb%C3%BCttel" title="Brunsbüttel">Brunsbüttel</a> to promote the slogan Stark gegen Krebs ("Strong against cancer"). The festival's team helps out with logistics for the event.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Network">Network</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG/220px-Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG/330px-Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG/440px-Wacken_2011_Impression_08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>Tower with Wacken symbol, Wacken Open Air 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the festival itself, there are numerous other events planned and carried out by the organisers. A wide range of <a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandising</a> has also been developed over the years. In addition to T-shirts and a comprehensive range of CDs and DVDs, the festival also has accompanying <a href="/wiki/Print_media" class="mw-redirect" title="Print media">print media</a>. The <i>W:O:A History Book</i> contains the open-air's history up until 2005. The book Die Wahrheit über Wacken ("The truth about Wacken", Oidium Verlag 2005, new edition published at Verlag Andreas Reiffer 2011) provides a more humorous account of the festival. It was written by satirist Till Burgwächter in collaboration with comic artist Jan Oidium and is also available as an audio book comprising three CDs. The publication of a Metal cookbook shows how far merchandising has come. However, the mounting range of merchandising has led to growing criticism, as some consider it to be purely profit-oriented. The increasing coverage of the festival, especially in the wake of the documentary <a href="/wiki/Full_Metal_Village" title="Full Metal Village">Full Metal Village</a>, is perceived by the traditional Metal scene as "selling out". </p><p>In 2005, Wacken Premium <a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">Pilsner</a> was offered as the festival's "own" beer for the first time. It was produced in the Bavarian <a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">brewery</a> Maximiliansbrauerei in <a href="/wiki/Chieming" title="Chieming">Chieming</a>. At W:O:A 2006 and 2007, the beer was available as well, this time produced in 0.5-litre bottles by the <a href="/wiki/Flensburger_Brauerei" title="Flensburger Brauerei">Flensburger</a> brewery. The large number of glass shards later forced the organisers to switch to 0.5-litre cans. </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Motto" title="Motto">motto</a>, the phrase "See you in Wacken - Rain or Shine" has established itself alongside "Faster, Harder, Louder". Additionally, the festival features the sentence "Louder Than Hell" in its advertising. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_Metal_Cruise">Full Metal Cruise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Full Metal Cruise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruises</a> with Heavy Metal bands on board under the name <a href="/w/index.php?title=Full_Metal_Cruise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Full Metal Cruise (page does not exist)">Full Metal Cruise</a> have been organised within Europe since 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamburg_Metal_Dayz">Hamburg Metal Dayz</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Hamburg Metal Dayz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The indoor festival <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamburg_Metal_Dayz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamburg Metal Dayz (page does not exist)">Hamburg Metal Dayz</a> takes place at the same time as the <a href="/wiki/Reeperbahn" title="Reeperbahn">Reeperbahn</a>-Festival and is considered a get-together for the scene. In addition to concerts, there are panels with musicians, managers, and other Metal experts, as well as workshops and a question and answer session with the W:O:A organisers.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wacken_Roadshow">Wacken Roadshow</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Wacken Roadshow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg/220px-Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg/330px-Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg/440px-Grailknights_%E2%80%93_Wacken_Roadshow_2014_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4872" data-file-height="3204" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grailknights&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grailknights (page does not exist)">Grailknights</a> at Wacken Roadshow 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>For the Wacken Roadshow, several bands tour Europe under the banner of Wacken Open Air. These concerts are meant to complement the warm-up parties organised in many places.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal_Monday">Metal Monday</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Metal Monday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the summer of 1990, Metal Monday took place for the first time at Knust in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>. For five years, regional, national and international Metal bands like De la Cruz, 5th Avenue, and King Køng played at Knust every Monday. After a break of almost 20 years, Metal Monday was revived by the Wacken Open Air organisers in 2014 in cooperation with the Knust, Seaside Touring, All Access, and Hamburg Konzerte. Metal, Rock, and Folkrock bands now perform once a month, following the motto "three bands - small entrance fee". In addition to regional bands, international newcomers are always invited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zum_Wackinger">Zum Wackinger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Zum Wackinger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg/220px-Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg/330px-Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg/440px-Martin_Semmelrogge_-_Zum_Wackinger_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3936" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>Reading with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Semmelrogge" title="Martin Semmelrogge">Martin Semmelrogge</a> at Zum Wackinger 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>The former country-style restaurant <i>Zur Post</i> in Wacken, built in 1919, has been the hub of the village and the surrounding communities for decades. It was here that bartenders Thomas Jensen and Holger Hübner conceived the idea for today's Wacken Open Air. Today, it is used to accommodate staff and to serve other business purposes. A series of events called "Zum Wackinger" sees artists from music, comedy, and entertainment perform regularly. Since 2016, a two-day medieval feast with jugglers and bards takes place here.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metal_Church">Metal Church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Metal Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Evangelical Lutheran Village Church in Wacken belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a> congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Germany">Evangelical Lutheran Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Germany" title="Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a>. For Wacken Open Air and Wacken Winter Nights, it is turned into the <i>Metal Church</i>. During said festivals, the <i>Metal Service</i> is held here and bands from the Folk and Medieval scene perform in the church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wacken_Winter_Nights">Wacken Winter Nights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Wacken Winter Nights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg/220px-Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg/330px-Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg/440px-Dunkelsch%C3%B6n_-_Metal_Church_-_Wacken_Winter_Nights_2017_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6059" data-file-height="4080" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dunkelsch%C3%B6n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dunkelschön (page does not exist)">Dunkelschön</a> at Metal Church during Wacken Winter Nights in 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Wacken Winter Nights (WWN), a three-day Folk and Medieval open-air festival, took place for the first time in February 2017 at temperatures of -2 to -6 degrees Celsius in Wacken. With over 3,500 attendees, the festival's first edition sold out several weeks in advance. Most of them spent the nights on the camping site. A second edition took place from 23 to 25 February 2018. Due to the construction on the previous year's campground, the overnight accommodations were relocated to the area that is also used for the regular Open Air.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The walking distance, therefore, increased to about 15 minutes. With 4,000 visitors, the 2018 event also sold out.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the third event in 2019, the festival grounds were expanded considerably and 5,000 visitors attended. The fourth WWNs are planned for the 14th to 16 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Bands </th> <th>Paying <p>attendees </p> </th> <th>Price (<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">EUR</a>) </th> <th>Sold out </th></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,500 </td> <td>69.00 </td> <td>yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>35 </td> <td>4,000<sup id="cite_ref-:8_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>yes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>5,000<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>89.99 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="StrongmanRun">StrongmanRun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: StrongmanRun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisherman%27s_Friend_StrongmanRun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisherman's Friend StrongmanRun (page does not exist)">Fisherman's Friend StrongmanRun</a> visited the Metal festival grounds of Wacken for the first time in April 2016. With their Wacken debut, the StrongmanRun season formally kicked off. About 3,000 participants, some in colourful costumes, took part in the run on the 20 km track with 40 obstacles. In 2017, the StrongmanRun took place on the festival grounds.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wacken_Rocks">Wacken Rocks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Wacken Rocks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several open-air festivals called Wacken Rocks were held in the past to transport the Wacken atmosphere to other places.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_Metal_Mountain">Full Metal Mountain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Full Metal Mountain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg/220px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg/330px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg/440px-Festivalgel%C3%A4nde_-_Wacken_Open_Air_2016_51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Snowcat used as an advertising medium for Full Metal Mountain 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>During the winters of 2016, 2017 and 2018, an annual ski trip to <a href="/wiki/Nassfeld" title="Nassfeld">Nassfeld</a>, Austria was organised for Metal fans under the name <i>Full Metal Mountain</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous bands and artists were present. For 2019, the festival was cancelled entirely.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_Metal_Holiday">Full Metal Holiday</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Full Metal Holiday"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planning and preparation are underway for a holiday trip to <a href="/wiki/Mallorca" title="Mallorca">Mallorca</a> with the title <i>Full Metal Holiday - Destination Mallorca</i>, which will offer Metal concerts on the beach from 12 to 19 October 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event was originally planned for 2017 and said to head to Ibiza, then rescheduled for 2018 and changed to Mallorca.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="W:O:A_in_numbers">W:O:A in numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: W:O:A in numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following chart shows the development of prices and visitor numbers of past festivals as published by the organisers. Prices refer to the total amount per ticket (incl. parking and camping) in pre-sale (without additional fees). The price for the 4-day 2023 edition (299.00 EUR) has been adjusted accordingly. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Bands </th> <th>Attendees </th> <th>Paying <p>attendees </p> </th> <th>Price (<a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">EUR</a>) </th> <th>Sold out </th></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>6.14 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1,300 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>7.67 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>3,500 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>17.90 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>3,500 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>23.01 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>4,500 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>19.94 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>5,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>20.05 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>8,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>25.05 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>10,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>35.28 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>20,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>35.28 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>82 </td> <td>22,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>40.39 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>40.90 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>79 </td> <td>25,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>50.62 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>80 </td> <td>27,500 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>50.00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>61 </td> <td>30,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>50.00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>48,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>68.00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>65 </td> <td>40,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>79.00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td>56 </td> <td>48,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>79.00 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>72,000 </td> <td>60,000 </td> <td>99.00 </td> <td>339 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>109.00 </td> <td>221 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td>80 </td> <td>77,000 </td> <td>N/A </td> <td>130.00 </td> <td>149 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>123 </td> <td>82,500 </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>130.00 </td> <td>247 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>125 </td> <td>85.870<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>130,00 </td> <td>187 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>137 </td> <td>85,000<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>150.00 </td> <td>121 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>135 </td> <td>84,500<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>150.00 </td> <td>47 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>132 </td> <td>84,500<sup id="cite_ref-:6_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>170.00 </td> <td>43 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>158 </td> <td>84.500<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>170.00 </td> <td>12 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>157 </td> <td>84,500<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>190.00 </td> <td>23 hours<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>170 </td> <td>85,000<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>220.00 </td> <td>309 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>197 </td> <td>85,000 </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>220.00 </td> <td>346 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>200 </td> <td> </td> <td>75,000 </td> <td>221.00 </td> <td>4 days </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td colspan="5"><i>Called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td colspan="5"><i>Called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>195 </td> <td>103,000 </td> <td>83,400 </td> <td>239.00 </td> <td>21 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>230 </td> <td>110,000 </td> <td>85,000<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>299.00 </td> <td>5 hours </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>85,000 </td> <td>333.00 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries_and_reception">Documentaries and reception  </h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Documentaries and reception "><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Full_metal_village_cast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Full_metal_village_cast.jpg/220px-Full_metal_village_cast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Full_metal_village_cast.jpg/330px-Full_metal_village_cast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Full_metal_village_cast.jpg/440px-Full_metal_village_cast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>From left to right: director <a href="/wiki/Cho_Sung-hyung" title="Cho Sung-hyung">Cho Sung-Hyun</a>, presenter Bern Stölting and subjects of the film at the pre-premiere in Wacken: Uwe Trede, Klaus Plähn, Ann-Kathrin Schaak, Lore Trede and Irma Schaack. Taken in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1999, various <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentaries</a> about W:O:A have been made. The first documentary, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metalheads_-_The_Official_Documentary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metalheads - The Official Documentary (page does not exist)">Metalheads - The Official Documentary</a>, was produced in 1999 on the occasion of the festival's 10th anniversary and was released on <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hard_(magazine)" title="Rock Hard (magazine)">Rock Hard</a> in 2000. The film team lived on the festival grounds for ten days prior to the actual start of the festival and documented the work of construction workers, farmers such as Uwe Trede, villagers, fans and organisers. Although the film shows excerpts from performances by some of the bands and interviews with the artists, it is more of a behind-the-scenes documentary. The film was produced with the simplest means, including a professional <a href="/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Hi8</a> and a <a href="/wiki/DV_(video_format)" title="DV (video format)">Mini-DV</a> camera and a team of three, and was regarded by the organisers as a trial run on the subject of film. According to the organisers, a total of 10,000 copies were made and sold. The film <i>Nordland</i> was shot for the 15th edition of W:O:A, but was only used for internal promotion. Both films were made by Thomas Greiner. </p><p>The documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Metal:_A_Headbanger%27s_Journey" title="Metal: A Headbanger's Journey">Metal: A Headbanger's Journey</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Sam_Dunn" title="Sam Dunn">Sam Dunn</a> (2005) features Wacken Open Air. The festival is described as a <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> of Heavy Metal. The film <i><a href="/wiki/Full_Metal_Village" title="Full Metal Village">Full Metal Village</a></i> by director <a href="/wiki/Cho_Sung-hyung" title="Cho Sung-hyung">Cho Sung-Hyung</a>, made in 2005 and 2006, portrays the people of Wacken dealing with the festival. In 2006, she was awarded the main award of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hessischer_Filmpreis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hessischer Filmpreis (page does not exist)">Hessischer Filmpreis</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswig-Holstein_Filmpreis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswig-Holstein Filmpreis (page does not exist)">Schleswig-Holstein Filmpreis</a> for best documentary. Full Metal Village was the first documentary ever to win the <a href="/wiki/Max_Oph%C3%BCls" title="Max Ophüls">Max Ophüls</a> Award for young filmmakers in 2007. <a href="/wiki/WDR_Fernsehen" title="WDR Fernsehen">WDR</a>-<a href="/wiki/Rockpalast" title="Rockpalast">Rockpalast</a> profiled the festival in 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2009<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with two-hour documentaries. Broadcaster <a href="/wiki/DMAX_(TV_channel)" title="DMAX (TV channel)">DMAX</a> also sent a camera team and produced a one-hour documentary on the construction of W:O:A in 2007. </p><p><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a> television filmed the 30-minute feature <i>Ein Dorf und 100.000 Rockfans</i> about Wacken Open Air 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aforementioned projects are almost identical in content; they invite visitors, organisers, and the citizens of Wacken to comment on the festival and generally present it in a positive way. However, there has been criticism of the fact that the Wacken Firefighters have been featured too prominently. The three Rockpalast documentaries focus on interviews with the musicians and the performances of the bands. </p><p>Another perspective is offered by the low-budget production <i>Metaller die auf Brüste starren</i> ("The Metalheads Who Stare At Breasts", title based on <a href="/wiki/The_Men_Who_Stare_at_Goats_(film)" title="The Men Who Stare at Goats (film)">The Men Who Stare At Goats</a>), which five festival attendees shot during their stay at Wacken. "Offener Kanal Bad Offenbach" is listed as its official producer.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film shows the festival from the filmmakers' (subjective) point of view and comments on the events in the style of <a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a>. In contrast to other documentaries, this one focuses on the fans. Whether it's a documentary in the true sense of the word or whether the film is just entertainment remains controversial. The filmmakers themselves avoid this question and classify their work as a "trash documentary". The film premiered on 5 May 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schleswig-Holstein's Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Peter_Harry_Carstensen" title="Peter Harry Carstensen">Peter Harry Carstensen</a> (<a href="/wiki/CDU/CSU" title="CDU/CSU">CDU</a>) commented on the opening of W:O:A 2009: "I don't come here to listen to the music, but I do identify with the festival".<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selected concerts of Wacken Open Air 2014 were broadcast live in an online stream. Furthermore, the cooperation between <a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a> made some performances available as <a href="/wiki/Video_on_demand" title="Video on demand">video on demand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To mark its 30th anniversary, the <a href="/wiki/Schleswig-Holsteinischer_Zeitungsverlag" title="Schleswig-Holsteinischer Zeitungsverlag">Norddeutsche Rundschau</a> published a special edition that offered insights into the organisation of the Wacken Open Air. In addition, there will be a special exhibition at the Prinzesshof Kreismuseum in Itzehoe to mark the anniversary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg/220px-Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg/330px-Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg/440px-Wacken_Heavy_Metal_Town_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3973" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>Fictional place-name sign at Wacken Open Air 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>At an awards ceremony on 11 March 2008, W:O:A received the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Live_Entertainment_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Live Entertainment Award (page does not exist)">Live Entertainment Award</a> (LEA) for best festival of 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German television has produced numerous Wacken Open-Air documentaries in recent years. The following list is therefore not complete: </p> <ul><li><i>Metalheads</i>, documentary on the 10th anniversary of Wacken Open Air (director: Thomas Greiner)</li> <li><i>Nordland</i>, documentary on the 15th anniversary of Wacken Open Air (director: Thomas Greiner (author))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Metal_Village" title="Full Metal Village">Full Metal Village</a>, 2006 (Director: <a href="/wiki/Cho_Sung-hyung" title="Cho Sung-hyung">Cho Sung-Hyung</a>)</li> <li><i>Ein Dorf im Ausnahmezustand - A village in a state of emergency / Three days of Wacken - Bauernschlau und Heavy-Metal</i>, 2006 (film by Petra Petersen, <a href="/wiki/NDR_Fernsehen" title="NDR Fernsehen">NDR</a>)</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wacken_Silo,_2013_DSC02930.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wacken_Silo%2C_2013_DSC02930.JPG/220px-Wacken_Silo%2C_2013_DSC02930.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wacken_Silo%2C_2013_DSC02930.JPG/330px-Wacken_Silo%2C_2013_DSC02930.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Wacken_Silo%2C_2013_DSC02930.JPG/440px-Wacken_Silo%2C_2013_DSC02930.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3159" data-file-height="4836" /></a><figcaption>The highly-visible silo of Raiffeisenhauptgenossenschaft in 2013</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Rockpalast" title="Rockpalast">Rockpalast</a> (<a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a>), Festival Wacken-Open-Air, 2006, 2007 and 2009, each approx. 2 h documentary, can be downloaded free of charge in the media library of the public broadcaster (as of February 2016)</li> <li><i>Wahnsinn Wacken</i>, 2007 (<a href="/wiki/DMAX_(TV_channel)" title="DMAX (TV channel)">DMAX</a>) approx. 1 h documentary<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Ein Dorf und 100.000 Rockfans</i>, 2008 (ZDF)</li> <li><i>Metaller die auf Brüste starren</i>, 2010</li> <li><i>Road To Wacken - The Movie</i>, 2011</li> <li><i>Heavy Metal auf der Wiese</i>, 2011 (NDR) (Director: Manfred Studer)</li> <li><i>Heavy Metal trifft Karniggels - Detlev Buck goes Wacken</i>, 2012 (NDR) (Director: Nils Utzig)</li> <li><i>Heiter, harder, louder</i>, 2013 (NDR) (Director: Nils Utzig)</li> <li><i>Alles auf Schwarz – Wacken!!! Sarnau und Hübner bei den Metalheads</i>, 2013 (NDR) (Director: Nils Utzig)</li> <li><i>Wacken 3D</i>, 2014 (Director: Norbert Heitker) - also in 2D.</li> <li><i>25 Years Louder Than Hell - The W:O:A Documentary</i>, Jun 2015, DVD and Blu-ray, 3 Eps. 45 min, 1 h 5 min, 42 min, original sound: German, English, and Spanish with subtitles in German, English.</li> <li><i>Road To Wacken</i>, 2016 (DMAX) - two-part documentary (45 min each) about the band <a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a>, who plan, prepare and perform their set at W:O:A, as well as the festival itself, its visitors, the village of Wacken and its inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Welcome to Wacken - A Documentary Film in Virtual Reality</i>, Jul 2017 (Director: Sam Dunn), °360 VR Film in English in five parts, with animations of the festival area.[87][88]</li> <li><i>Der Wacken-Wahnsinn, Wie geht das?</i> NDR Television, August 2018</li> <li><i>Legend of Wacken | Making Of | RTL+" RTL+ Television, July 2023<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></li> <li><i>W:O:A - Wacken Open Air Festival: Schlammfest des Heavy Metal | WELT HD DOKU</i> August 2023 <sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_Wacken_Open_Air_videos_and_DVDs">Official Wacken Open Air videos and DVDs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Official Wacken Open Air videos and DVDs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organisers of Wacken Open Air have been releasing an official live DVD every year since 2003: </p> <ul><li><i>Metal Overdrive: Wacken Overdrive,</i> 2003</li> <li><i>Armageddon Over Wacken 2003,</i> 2003</li> <li><i>Armageddon Over Wacken 2004,</i> 2004</li> <li><i>Armageddon Over Wacken 2005,</i> 2005</li> <li><i>Wacken 2006 – Live at W:O:A,</i> 2006</li> <li><i>Wacken 2007: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2007</li> <li><i>Wacken 2008: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2008</li> <li><i>Wacken 2009: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2009</li> <li><i>Wacken 2010: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2010</li> <li><i>Wacken 2011: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2011</li> <li><i>Wacken 2012: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2012</li> <li><i>Wacken 2013: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2014</li> <li><i>Wacken – Der Film,</i> 2014<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>25 Years of Wacken: Snapshots, Sraps, Thoughts & Sounds,</i> 2015</li> <li><i>Wacken 2014: Live at Wacken Open Air,</i> 2015</li> <li><i>Live At Wacken 2015 – 26 Years Louder Than Hell,</i> 2016</li> <li><i>Live at Wacken 2016 – 27 Years Louder Than Hell,</i> 2017</li> <li><i>Live at Wacken 2017 – 28 Years Louder Than Hell,</i> 2018</li> <li><i>Live at Wacken 2018 - 29 Years Louder Than Hell,</i> 2019</li> <li><i>Live at Wacken 2019 - 30 Years Birthday Harder Louder than hell,</i> 2019</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Live_albums_by_various_bands">Live albums by various bands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Live albums by various bands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Numerous bands have recorded their performances at Wacken Open Air and released them as audio CDs or DVDs. The following list contains only full live albums and no albums containing only individual live tracks from the festival: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy_(band)" title="Hypocrisy (band)">Hypocrisy</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy_Destroys_Wacken" title="Hypocrisy Destroys Wacken">Hypocrisy Destroys Wacken</a></i>, 1999</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Tattoo" title="Rose Tattoo">Rose Tattoo</a> – <i>25 to Live</i>, 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tygers_of_Pan_Tang" title="Tygers of Pan Tang">Tygers of Pan Tang</a> – <i>Live at Wacken</i>, 2001</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_Digger_(band)" title="Grave Digger (band)">Grave Digger</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Tunes_of_Wacken_%E2%80%93_Live" title="Tunes of Wacken – Live">Tunes of Wacken – Live</a></i>, 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twisted_Sister" title="Twisted Sister">Twisted Sister</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Wacken:_The_Reunion" title="Live at Wacken: The Reunion">Live at Wacken: The Reunion</a></i>, 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloodbath" title="Bloodbath">Bloodbath</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wacken_Carnage" title="The Wacken Carnage">The Wacken Carnage</a></i>, 2005</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scorpions_(band)" title="Scorpions (band)">Scorpions</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Live_at_Wacken_Open_Air_2006" title="Live at Wacken Open Air 2006">Live at Wacken Open Air 2006</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_(band)" title="Emperor (band)">Emperor</a> – <i>Live at Wacken Open Air 2006</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimmu_Borgir" title="Dimmu Borgir">Dimmu Borgir</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Invaluable_Darkness" title="The Invaluable Darkness">The Invaluable Darkness</a></i>, 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(German_band)" title="Rage (German band)">Rage</a> – <i>Live in Wacken 2007</i> (bonus DVD for the album <a href="/wiki/Carved_in_Stone_(Rage_album)" title="Carved in Stone (Rage album)">Carved in Stone</a>), 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_Kurt" title="Mambo Kurt">Mambo Kurt</a> – <i>The Orgel Has Landed: Live at Wacken</i>, 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacuna_Coil" title="Lacuna Coil">Lacuna Coil</a> - <i><a href="/wiki/Visual_Karma_(Body,_Mind_and_Soul)" title="Visual Karma (Body, Mind and Soul)">Visual Karma (Body, Mind and Soul)</a></i>, 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantasia" title="Avantasia">Avantasia</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flying_Opera" title="The Flying Opera">The Flying Opera</a></i>, 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_Apokalyptischen_Reiter" title="Die Apokalyptischen Reiter">Die Apokalyptischen Reiter</a> – <i>Tobsucht</i> <i>(Reitermania over Wacken & Party.San)</i>, 2008</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_(band)" title="Atheist (band)">Atheist</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Unquestionable_Presence:_Live_at_Wacken" title="Unquestionable Presence: Live at Wacken">Unquestionable Presence: Live at Wacken</a></i>, 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaven_%26_Hell_(band)" title="Heaven & Hell (band)">Heaven & Hell</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Neon_Nights:_30_Years_of_Heaven_%26_Hell" title="Neon Nights: 30 Years of Heaven & Hell">Neon Nights: 30 Years of Heaven & Hell</a></i> (CD & DVD format), 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodus_(band)" title="Exodus (band)">Exodus</a> – <i>Shovel Headed Tour Machine – Live at Wacken</i>, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grave_Digger_(band)" title="Grave Digger (band)">Grave Digger</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Clans_Are_Still_Marching" title="The Clans Are Still Marching">The Clans Are Still Marching</a></i>, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immortal_(band)" title="Immortal (band)">Immortal</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seventh_Date_of_Blashyrkh" title="The Seventh Date of Blashyrkh">The Seventh Date of Blashyrkh</a></i>, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_(German_band)" title="Rage (German band)">Rage</a> – <i>Live in Wacken 2009</i> (bonus DVD for the album <a href="/wiki/Strings_to_a_Web" title="Strings to a Web">Strings to a Web</a>), 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/At_the_Gates" title="At the Gates">At the Gates</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Purgatory_Unleashed_%E2%80%93_Live_at_Wacken" title="Purgatory Unleashed – Live at Wacken">Purgatory Unleashed – Live at Wacken</a></i>, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Running_Wild_(band)" title="Running Wild (band)">Running Wild</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Jolly_Roger" title="The Final Jolly Roger">The Final Jolly Roger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mot%C3%B6rhead" title="Motörhead">Motörhead</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/The_W%C3%B6rld_Is_Ours_%E2%80%93_Vol._2:_Anyplace_Crazy_as_Anywhere_Else" title="The Wörld Is Ours – Vol. 2: Anyplace Crazy as Anywhere Else">The Wörld Is Ours – Vol. 2: Anyplace Crazy as Anywhere Else</a></i>, 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxon_(band)" title="Saxon (band)">Saxon</a> – <i>Heavy Metal Thunder – Live – Eagles Over Wacken</i>, 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Reich" title="Sacred Reich">Sacred Reich</a> – <i>Live At Wacken Open Air</i>, 2012</li> <li>Degradead – <i>Live at Wacken And Beyond</i>, 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaherz" title="Megaherz">Megaherz</a> – <i>Götterdämmerung: Live At Wacken 2012</i>, 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgoroth" title="Gorgoroth">Gorgoroth</a> – <i>Live at Wacken 2008</i>, 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_Seed" title="God Seed">God Seed</a> – <i>Live at Wacken</i>, 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrocity_(band)" title="Atrocity (band)">Atrocity</a> – <i>Die Gottlosen Jahre – Live In Wacken</i>, 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(band)" title="Ministry (band)">Ministry</a> – <i>Enjoy The Quiet: Live at Wacken 2012</i>, 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbourne_(band)" title="Airbourne (band)">Airbourne</a> – <i>Live at Wacken 2011</i>, 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightwish" title="Nightwish">Nightwish</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Showtime,_Storytime" title="Showtime, Storytime">Showtime, Storytime</a></i>, 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a> – <i>Raise The Dead : Live From Wacken</i>, 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_II_Circle" title="Circle II Circle">Circle II Circle</a> – <i>Live at Wacken (Official Bootleg)</i>, 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Purple" title="Deep Purple">Deep Purple</a> – <i>From the Setting Sun … In Wacken</i> (recorded in 2013), 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaton_(band)" title="Sabaton (band)">Sabaton</a> – <i>Heroes On Tour</i>, 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_(band)" title="Europe (band)">Europe</a> – <i>War Of Kings Special Edition, DVD/BluRay 2 Live at Wacken</i>, 2015</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danko_Jones" title="Danko Jones">Danko Jones</a> – <i>Live at Wacken</i> (recorded in 2015), 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Priest" title="Judas Priest">Judas Priest</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Cry_(Judas_Priest_album)" title="Battle Cry (Judas Priest album)">Battle Cry</a></i>, 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisonic_(band)" title="Unisonic (band)">Unisonic</a> – <i><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Wacken_(Unisonic_album)" title="Live in Wacken (Unisonic album)">Live in Wacken</a></i>, 2017</li> <li>Hansen & Friends – <i>Thank You Wacken live</i>, 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Enemy" title="Arch Enemy">Arch Enemy</a> – <i>As The Stages Burn!</i> (recorded in 2016), 2017</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_Quo_(band)" title="Status Quo (band)">Status Quo</a> – <i>Down Down & Dirty at Wacken</i> (recorded in 2017), 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accept_(band)" title="Accept (band)">Accept</a> – <i>Symphonic Terror - Live at Wacken 2017</i>, 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epica_(band)" title="Epica (band)">Epica</a> – <i>Live in Wacken</i>, 2018</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkway_Drive" title="Parkway Drive">Parkway Drive</a> – <i>Viva The Underdogs</i>, 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabaton_(band)" title="Sabaton (band)">Sabaton</a> – <i>20th Anniversary Show</i> (recorded in 2019), 2021</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Theater" title="Dream Theater">Dream Theater</a> - <i>Lost Not Forgotten Archives: Live at Wacken (2015)</i> (recorded in 2015), 2022</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Atlantis" title="Visions of Atlantis">Visions of Atlantis</a> - <i>Pirates over Wacken</i> (record in 2022), 2023</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarja_Turunen" title="Tarja Turunen">Tarja Turunen</a> - <i>Rocking Heels: Live at Metal Church</i> (recorded in 2016), 2023</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="TV_Series_'Legend_of_Wacken'"><span id="TV_Series_.27Legend_of_Wacken.27"></span>TV Series 'Legend of Wacken'</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: TV Series 'Legend of Wacken'"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 12 July 2023 the broadcaster <a href="/wiki/RTL%2B" title="RTL+">RTL+</a> started airing the first season of six episodes of the mini series <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legend_of_Wacken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legend of Wacken (page does not exist)">Legend of Wacken</a> - <sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plot is about the struggle of the founders to kick off their festival idea with comedy and satric style. When Holger is nearly electrocuted by a live wire he (in a coma) and his co-organizer Thomas reflect on their creation, the Wacken Open Air Heavy Metal Festival that in 1990 had an audience of 800 and now attracts 100,000 fans per year. The cast of the founders: Sammy Scheuritzel as young Holger Hübner, Charly Hübner as older Holger Hübner, Sebastian Jakob Doppelbauer as young Thomas Jansen and Aurel Manthei as older Thomas Jansen. It is not an accurat documentary series and has a huge part of fiction. <sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Further_reception">Further reception</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Further reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In her crime novels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tod_in_Wacken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tod in Wacken (page does not exist)">Tod in Wacken</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Der_Teufel_von_Wacken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Der Teufel von Wacken (page does not exist)">Der Teufel von Wacken</a>, author <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heike_Denzau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heike Denzau (page does not exist)">Heike Denzau</a> places her storylines at Wacken Open Air, describing the location as well as the festival and its visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Till Burgwächter: <i>Zwischen Aasbüttel und Vahlenmoor. Die Wahrheit!!! – über Wacken</i>. Oidium, Berlin 2004, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-9809697-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-9809697-5-4">3-9809697-5-4</a> → edition 2011; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-934896-35-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-934896-35-2">978-3-934896-35-2</a>.</li> <li>Andreas Schöwe: <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt. 2.</i>, updated and extended edition. Hannibal Verlag, Höfen 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85445-376-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85445-376-5">978-3-85445-376-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://disctopia.de/live-and-ontour/metal-festivals-in-deutschland-osterreich-schweiz/">"Metal Festival Landkarte 2015 für Deutschland & Österreich | Disctopia Metal Webzine"</a> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metal+Festival+Landkarte+2015+f%C3%BCr+Deutschland+%26+%C3%96sterreich+%7C+Disctopia+Metal+Webzine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdisctopia.de%2Flive-and-ontour%2Fmetal-festivals-in-deutschland-osterreich-schweiz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 18–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2013" class="citation journal cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (Spring 2013). "Das W:O:A – Die Story in Zeitraffer". <i>Wacken Inside</i>: 16–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wacken+Inside&rft.atitle=Das+W%3AO%3AA+%E2%80%93+Die+Story+in+Zeitraffer&rft.ssn=spring&rft.pages=16-19&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 19–22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt.&rft.pages=19-22&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 22–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt&rft.pages=22-24&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/woa2014/main-history/history/woa-1991/bands/">"Billing 1991"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billing+1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fwoa2014%2Fmain-history%2Fhistory%2Fwoa-1991%2Fbands%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shz.de/deutschland-welt/schleswig-holstein/video/-24317108">"WOA 2019: Wikipedia Fakt oder Fiktion: Wacken-Gründer machen Faktencheck"</a></span>. <i>-shz</i> (in German). 31 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=-shz&rft.atitle=WOA+2019%3A+Wikipedia+Fakt+oder+Fiktion%3A+Wacken-Gr%C3%BCnder+machen+Faktencheck&rft.date=2019-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shz.de%2Fdeutschland-welt%2Fschleswig-holstein%2Fvideo%2F-24317108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEckhorst" class="citation web cs1">Eckhorst, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhard.de/megazine/heftarchiv/online-megazine/kolumne/25-jahre-wacken.html">"25 Jahre Wacken"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=25+Jahre+Wacken&rft.aulast=Eckhorst&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhard.de%2Fmegazine%2Fheftarchiv%2Fonline-megazine%2Fkolumne%2F25-jahre-wacken.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 24–26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt&rft.pages=24-26&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130806055925/https://www.wacken.com/de/woa2014/main-history/history/woa-1992/1/">"Billing 1992"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/woa2014/main-history/history/woa-1992/1/">the original</a> on 6 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billing+1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fwoa2014%2Fmain-history%2Fhistory%2Fwoa-1992%2F1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 27–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt&rft.pages=27-30&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 30–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchöwe2012" class="citation book cs1">Schöwe, Andreas (2012). <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen. pp. 32–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wacken+Roll+%E2%80%93+Das+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fte+Heavy+Metal-Festival+der+Welt&rft.pages=32-33&rft.pub=H%C3%B6fen&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6we&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">„News" from Hamburger Abendblatt, 6. August 1996, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Schöwe: <i>Wacken Roll – Das größte Heavy Metal-Festival der Welt</i>. Höfen 2012, p. 35–37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">press conference in 2006 (source needed)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/woa2010/main-news/news/ansicht/article/wahnsinn-wacken-im-5-jahr-hintereinander-ausverkauft-resttickets-bei-unseren-buspartnern-erhaeltli/">"News on wacken.com"</a> (in German).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+on+wacken.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fwoa2010%2Fmain-news%2Fnews%2Fansicht%2Farticle%2Fwahnsinn-wacken-im-5-jahr-hintereinander-ausverkauft-resttickets-bei-unseren-buspartnern-erhaeltli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metal-train.de/news/2024/20240605-fahrplan-2024-nderung">"Fahrplan 2024 - Änderung!"</a> (in German). 5 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fahrplan+2024+-+%C3%84nderung%21&rft.date=2024-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metal-train.de%2Fnews%2F2024%2F20240605-fahrplan-2024-nderung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neu.woa-soccercup.de/">"W:O:A Soccercup"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160808210920/http://neu.woa-soccercup.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=W%3AO%3AA+Soccercup&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneu.woa-soccercup.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_kAR2EWlgk">"Full Metal Church"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Full+Metal+Church&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dd_kAR2EWlgk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/news-details/die-ersten-bands-fuer-das-wacken-open-air-2019/">"Die ersten Bands für das Wacken Open Air 2019"</a>. <i>wacken.com</i>. 4 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wacken.com&rft.atitle=Die+ersten+Bands+f%C3%BCr+das+Wacken+Open+Air+2019&rft.date=2018-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fnews-details%2Fdie-ersten-bands-fuer-das-wacken-open-air-2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/woa2010/main-news/news/archiv/archiv-single/article/wahnsinn-wacken-sold-out/">"Wahnsinn Wacken – Sold Out!!!"</a>. <i>wacken.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wacken.com&rft.atitle=Wahnsinn+Wacken+%E2%80%93+Sold+Out%21%21%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fwoa2010%2Fmain-news%2Fnews%2Farchiv%2Farchiv-single%2Farticle%2Fwahnsinn-wacken-sold-out%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Information provided by mayor Axel Kunkel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rautemusik.fm/wackenradio/">"Wacken Metal Radio – Heavy Metal Radio – Metalcore & Grindcore – RauteMusik.FM Internetradio"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wacken+Metal+Radio+%E2%80%93+Heavy+Metal+Radio+%E2%80%93+Metalcore+%26+Grindcore+%E2%80%93+RauteMusik.FM+Internetradio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rautemusik.fm%2Fwackenradio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/woa2014/main-tickets-shop/tickets/-/">"Das W:O:A ist zum zehnten Mal SOLD OUT!!!"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Das+W%3AO%3AA+ist+zum+zehnten+Mal+SOLD+OUT%21%21%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fwoa2014%2Fmain-tickets-shop%2Ftickets%2F-%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shz.de/regionales/themen/wacken-open-air/holger-huebner-darum-ist-das-woa-2017-noch-nicht-ausverkauft-id14616776.html">"Holger Hübner: Darum ist das WOA 2017 noch nicht ausverkauft"</a>. <i>SHZ.de</i>. 20 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SHZ.de&rft.atitle=Holger+H%C3%BCbner%3A+Darum+ist+das+WOA+2017+noch+nicht+ausverkauft&rft.date=2016-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shz.de%2Fregionales%2Fthemen%2Fwacken-open-air%2Fholger-huebner-darum-ist-das-woa-2017-noch-nicht-ausverkauft-id14616776.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shz.de/regionales/themen/wacken-open-air/woa-ist-ausverkauft-alle-75-000-tickets-sind-weg-id17048861.html">"WOA ist ausverkauft – alle 75.000 Tickets sind weg"</a>. <i>SHZ.de</i>. 13 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SHZ.de&rft.atitle=WOA+ist+ausverkauft+%E2%80%93+alle+75.000+Tickets+sind+weg&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shz.de%2Fregionales%2Fthemen%2Fwacken-open-air%2Fwoa-ist-ausverkauft-alle-75-000-tickets-sind-weg-id17048861.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/news-details/nachruf-thomas-hess/">"Nachruf Thomas Hess"</a>. 6 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wacken.com&rft.atitle=Best+Major+Festival+%E2%80%93+das+W%3AO%3AA+2018+gewinnt+bei+den+European+Festival+Awards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fnews-details%2Fbest-major-festival-das-woa-2018-gewinnt-bei-den-european-festival-awards%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/de/news-details/das-30-wacken-open-air-ist-ausverkauft/">"Das 30. Wacken Open Air ist ausverkauft!"</a>. <i>wacken.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wacken.com&rft.atitle=Das+30.+Wacken+Open+Air+ist+ausverkauft%21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wacken.com%2Fde%2Fnews-details%2Fdas-30-wacken-open-air-ist-ausverkauft%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-wacken-heavy-metal-festival-called-off-due-to-outbreak/a-53144498">"Coronavirus: Wacken heavy metal festival called off due to outbreak"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 16 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Coronavirus%3A+Wacken+heavy+metal+festival+called+off+due+to+outbreak&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2020-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fcoronavirus-wacken-heavy-metal-festival-called-off-due-to-outbreak%2Fa-53144498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bravewords.com/news/wacken-open-air-2021-first-lineup-announcement-includes-judas-priest-as-i-lay-dying-venom-and-more">"WACKEN OPEN AIR 2021 – FIRST LINEUP ANNOUNCEMENT INCLUDES JUDAS PRIEST, AS I LAY DYING, VENOM, AND MORE"</a>. <i>BraveWords</i>. 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BraveWords&rft.atitle=WACKEN+OPEN+AIR+2021+%E2%80%93+FIRST+LINEUP+ANNOUNCEMENT+INCLUDES+JUDAS+PRIEST%2C+AS+I+LAY+DYING%2C+VENOM%2C+AND+MORE&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbravewords.com%2Fnews%2Fwacken-open-air-2021-first-lineup-announcement-includes-judas-priest-as-i-lay-dying-venom-and-more&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOzdiyar2021" class="citation web cs1">Ozdiyar, Yunus Emre (1 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metalshout.com/event/wacken-open-air-2022-festival-line-up-tickets-and-more/">"Wacken Open Air 2022 Festival - Line-Up and Poster"</a>. <i>metalshout.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DMAX&rft.atitle=Wahnsinn+Wacken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmax.de%2Fprogramme%2Fdmax-doku%2Fvideos%2Fdmax-doku-wahnsinn-wacken%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160907160832/http://www.dmax.de/programme/dmax-doku/videos/dmax-doku-road-to-wacken-teil-1">"DMAX DOKU: Road To Wacken - Teil 1 | DMAX.de"</a>. <i>www.dmax.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmax.de/programme/dmax-doku/videos/dmax-doku-road-to-wacken-teil-1/">the original</a> on 7 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dmax.de&rft.atitle=DMAX+DOKU%3A+Road+To+Wacken+-+Teil+1+%7C+DMAX.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmax.de%2Fprogramme%2Fdmax-doku%2Fvideos%2Fdmax-doku-road-to-wacken-teil-1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160908091238/http://www.dmax.de/programme/dmax-doku/videos/dmax-doku-road-to-wacken-teil-2">"DMAX DOKU: Road To Wacken - Teil 2 | DMAX.de"</a>. <i>www.dmax.de</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmax.de/programme/dmax-doku/videos/dmax-doku-road-to-wacken-teil-2/">the original</a> on 8 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dmax.de&rft.atitle=DMAX+DOKU%3A+Road+To+Wacken+-+Teil+2+%7C+DMAX.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dmax.de%2Fprogramme%2Fdmax-doku%2Fvideos%2Fdmax-doku-road-to-wacken-teil-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oqku2leB00">Legend of Wacken | Making Of | RTL+</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AH_OnmKkIm8">Schlammfest des Heavy Metal | WELT HD DOKU</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHupertz2016" class="citation news cs1">Hupertz, Heike (2 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/medien/arte-verfeuert-am-fussballabend-wacken-der-film-14319000.html">"Arte zeigt "Wacken - Der Film": Darf es auch ein bisschen lauter sein?"</a>. <i>faz.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=faz.net&rft.atitle=Arte+zeigt+%22Wacken+-+Der+Film%22%3A+Darf+es+auch+ein+bisschen+lauter+sein%3F&rft.date=2016-07-02&rft.aulast=Hupertz&rft.aufirst=Heike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Ffeuilleton%2Fmedien%2Farte-verfeuert-am-fussballabend-wacken-der-film-14319000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.rtl.de/video-tv/serien/legend-of-wacken-942327">German free episode stream on RTL+</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt28081901/">IMDb Legend of Wacken</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenzau2013" class="citation book cs1">Denzau, Heike (2013). <i>Tod in Wacken</i>. Cologne: Emons Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-95451-064-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-95451-064-1"><bdi>978-3-95451-064-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tod+in+Wacken&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pub=Emons+Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-95451-064-1&rft.aulast=Denzau&rft.aufirst=Heike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWacken+Open+Air" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wacken_Open_Air&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wacken_Open_Air" class="extiw" title="commons:Wacken Open Air"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Wacken Open Air</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wacken.com">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wackenradio.com/">Official Wacken Radio</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ics-int.com/">Website of ICS (organiser)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wacken.com/en/all-information/history/">Festival history with a list of the bands that have performed</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/series/97bbae22-34ad-44c1-99ba-bce104c73dd1">MusicBrainz series</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Wacken_Open_Air&params=54_01_42_N_9_21_22_E_region:DE-NI_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°01′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">9°21′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.02833°N 9.35611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.02833; 9.35611</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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