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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Galatians 2:12 For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself, for fear of those in the circumcision group.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/galatians/2-12.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/7/48_Gal_02_12.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Galatians 2:12 - Paul Confronts Cephas" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. 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But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself from the Gentiles because he was afraid of those who belonged to the circumcision group. <a href="/nlt/galatians/2.htm">New Living Translation</a> When he first arrived, he ate with the Gentile believers, who were not circumcised. But afterward, when some friends of James came, Peter wouldn’t eat with the Gentiles anymore. He was afraid of criticism from these people who insisted on the necessity of circumcision. <a href="/esv/galatians/2.htm">English Standard Version</a> For before certain men came from James, he was eating with the Gentiles; but when they came he drew back and separated himself, fearing the circumcision party. <a href="/bsb/galatians/2.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself, for fear of those in the circumcision group. <a href="/blb/galatians/2.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> For before certain ones came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they came, he was drawing back and was separating himself, being afraid of those of the circumcision. <a href="/kjv/galatians/2.htm">King James Bible</a> For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them which were of the circumcision. <a href="/nkjv/galatians/2.htm">New King James Version</a> for before certain men came from James, he would eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. <a href="/nasb_/galatians/2.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> For prior to the coming of some men from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he began to withdraw and separate himself, fearing those from the circumcision. <a href="/nasb/galatians/2.htm">NASB 1995</a> For prior to the coming of certain men from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he began to withdraw and hold himself aloof, fearing the party of the circumcision. <a href="/nasb77/galatians/2.htm">NASB 1977 </a> For prior to the coming of certain men from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he began to withdraw and hold himself aloof, fearing the party of the circumcision. <a href="/lsb/galatians/2.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> For prior to the coming of certain men from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles, but when they came, he began to shrink back and separate himself, fearing the party of the circumcision. <a href="/amp/galatians/2.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Before certain men came from James, he used to eat [his meals] with the Gentiles; but when the men [from Jerusalem] arrived, he began to withdraw and separate himself [from the Gentile believers], because he was afraid of those from the circumcision. <a href="/csb/galatians/2.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> For he regularly ate with the Gentiles before certain men came from James. However, when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, because he feared those from the circumcision party. <a href="/hcsb/galatians/2.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> For he regularly ate with the Gentiles before certain men came from James. However, when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, because he feared those from the circumcision party. <a href="/asv/galatians/2.htm">American Standard Version</a> For before that certain came from James, he ate with the Gentiles; but when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing them that were of the circumcision. <a href="/cev/galatians/2.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> He used to eat with Gentile followers of the Lord, until James sent some Jewish followers. Peter was afraid of the Jews and soon stopped eating with Gentiles. <a href="/erv/galatians/2.htm">English Revised Version</a> For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing them that were of the circumcision. <a href="/gwt/galatians/2.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> He ate with people who were not Jewish until some men James had sent [from Jerusalem] arrived. Then Cephas drew back and would not associate with people who were not Jewish. He was afraid of those who insisted that circumcision was necessary. <a href="/gnt/galatians/2.htm">Good News Translation</a> Before some men who had been sent by James arrived there, Peter had been eating with the Gentile believers. But after these men arrived, he drew back and would not eat with the Gentiles, because he was afraid of those who were in favor of circumcising them. <a href="/isv/galatians/2.htm">International Standard Version</a> Until some men arrived from James, he was in the habit of eating with the gentiles, but after those men came, he withdrew from the gentiles and would not associate with them any longer, because he was afraid of the circumcision party. <a href="/net/galatians/2.htm">NET Bible</a> Until certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this and separated himself because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. <a href="/nheb/galatians/2.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> For before some people came from James, he ate with those who were not Jewish. But when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. <a href="/wbt/galatians/2.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> For before that certain came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles: but when they had come, he withdrew, and separated himself, fearing them who were of the circumcision. <a href="/wey/galatians/2.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> For until certain persons came from James he had been accustomed to eat with Gentiles; but as soon as these persons came, he withdrew and separated himself for fear of the Circumcision party.<div class="vheading2">Majority Text Translations</div><a href="/msb/galatians/2.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> For before certain men came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself, for fear of those in the circumcision group. <a href="/web/galatians/2.htm">World English Bible</a> For before some people came from James, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they came, he drew back and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/galatians/2.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> for before the coming of some from James, he was eating with the nations, and when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, fearing those of circumcision, <a href="/blb/galatians/2.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> For before certain ones came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they came, he was drawing back and was separating himself, being afraid of those of the circumcision. <a href="/ylt/galatians/2.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> for before the coming of certain from James, with the nations he was eating, and when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision, <a href="/slt/galatians/2.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> For before certain came from James, he ate with the nations: and when they came, he drew down, and separated himself, being afraid of them of the circumcision.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/galatians/2.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> For before that some came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them who were of the circumcision. <a href="/cpdv/galatians/2.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> For before certain ones arrived from James, he ate with the Gentiles. But when they had arrived, he drew apart and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. <a href="/nabre/galatians/2.htm">New American Bible</a> For, until some people came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he began to draw back and separated himself, because he was afraid of the circumcised. <a href="/nrsvce/galatians/2.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> for until certain people came from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles. But after they came, he drew back and kept himself separate for fear of the circumcision faction.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/galatians/2.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> For before certain men came from James, Cephas ate with the Gentiles: but after they came, he withdrew and separated himself, because he was afraid of them who belonged to the circumcision. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/galatians/2.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> For before people would come from the presence of Jacob, he was eating with the Gentiles, but when they came, he withdrew himself and separated, because he was afraid of those who were of the circumcision.<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/galatians/2.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> For, before certain persons came from James, he ate with the Gentiles: but, when they had come, he withdrew, and separated himself, because he feared those who were of the circumcision. <a href="/godbey/galatians/2.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> For before certain ones came from James, he was eating along with the Gentiles: but when they came, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those who were of the circumcision. <a href="/haweis/galatians/2.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> For before certain persons came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles, but when they were come, he withdrew, and separated himself, fearing those of the circumcision. <a href="/mace/galatians/2.htm">Mace New Testament</a> for till certain Jews came thither from James, he used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, for fear of those, who were for circumcision: <a href="/wey/galatians/2.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> For until certain persons came from James he had been accustomed to eat with Gentiles; but as soon as these persons came, he withdrew and separated himself for fear of the Circumcision party. <a href="/worrell/galatians/2.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> for, before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the gentiles; but, when they came, he was withdrawing and separating himself, fearing those of the circumcision. <a href="/worsley/galatians/2.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> For before certain men came from James, he did eat with the gentiles; but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing those of the circumcision. <a href="/parallel/galatians/2-12.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Jv8Ri4CeT34?start=307" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/galatians/2.htm">Paul Confronts Cephas</a> 11When Cephas came to Antioch, however, I opposed him to his face, because he stood to be condemned. 12<a href="/greek/1063.htm" title="1063: gar (Conj) -- For. A primary particle; properly, assigning a reason.">For</a> <a href="/greek/4253.htm" title="4253: pro (Prep) -- A primary preposition; fore, i.e. In front of, prior to.">before</a> <a href="/greek/5100.htm" title="5100: tinas (IPro-AMP) -- Any one, some one, a certain one or thing. An enclitic indefinite pronoun; some or any person or object.">certain men</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tou (Art-GNS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/2064.htm" title="2064: elthein (V-ANA) -- To come, go. ">came</a> <a href="/greek/575.htm" title="575: apo (Prep) -- From, away from. A primary particle; off, i.e. Away, in various senses.">from</a> <a href="/greek/2385.htm" title="2385: Iakōbou (N-GMS) -- The same as Iakob Graecized; Jacobus, the name of three Israelites.">James,</a> <a href="/greek/4906.htm" title="4906: synēsthien (V-IIA-3S) -- To eat with. From sun and esthio; to take food in company with.">he used to eat</a> <a href="/greek/3326.htm" title="3326: meta (Prep) -- (a) gen: with, in company with, (b) acc: (1) behind, beyond, after, of place, (2) after, of time, with nouns, neut. of adjectives. ">with</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tōn (Art-GNP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/1484.htm" title="1484: ethnōn (N-GNP) -- Probably from etho; a race, i.e. A tribe; specially, a foreign one.">Gentiles.</a> <a href="/greek/1161.htm" title="1161: de (Conj) -- A primary particle; but, and, etc.">But</a> <a href="/greek/3753.htm" title="3753: hote (Adv) -- When, at which time. From hos and te; at which too, i.e. When.">when</a> <a href="/greek/2064.htm" title="2064: ēlthon (V-AIA-3P) -- To come, go. ">they arrived,</a> <a href="/greek/5288.htm" title="5288: hypestellen (V-IIA-3S) -- From hupo and stello; to withhold under, i.e. to cower or shrink, to conceal.">he began to draw back</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">and</a> <a href="/greek/873.htm" title="873: aphōrizen (V-IIA-3S) -- To rail off, separate, place apart. From apo and horizo; to set off by boundary, i.e. limit, exclude, appoint, etc.">separate</a> <a href="/greek/1438.htm" title="1438: heauton (RefPro-AM3S) -- Himself, herself, itself. ">himself,</a> <a href="/greek/5399.htm" title="5399: phoboumenos (V-PPM/P-NMS) -- From phobos; to frighten, i.e. to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e. Revere.">for fear of</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tous (Art-AMP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">those</a> <a href="/greek/1537.htm" title="1537: ek (Prep) -- From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out.">in</a> <a href="/greek/4061.htm" title="4061: peritomēs (N-GFS) -- Circumcision. From peritemno; circumcision.">the circumcision group.</a> 13The other Jews joined him in his hypocrisy, so that by their hypocrisy even Barnabas was led astray.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/acts/10-28.htm">Acts 10:28</a> He said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean. <a href="/acts/11-2.htm">Acts 11:2-3</a> So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers took issue with him / and said, “You visited uncircumcised men and ate with them.” <a href="/acts/15-1.htm">Acts 15:1-2</a> Then some men came down from Judea and were teaching the brothers, “Unless you are circumcised according to the custom of Moses, you cannot be saved.” / And after engaging these men in sharp debate, Paul and Barnabas were appointed, along with some other believers, to go up to Jerusalem to see the apostles and elders about this question. <a href="/acts/15-5.htm">Acts 15:5</a> But some believers from the party of the Pharisees stood up and declared, “The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to obey the law of Moses.” <a href="/acts/15-19.htm">Acts 15:19-20</a> It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not cause trouble for the Gentiles who are turning to God. / Instead, we should write and tell them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals, and from blood. <a href="/acts/21-20.htm">Acts 21:20-21</a> When they heard this, they glorified God. Then they said to Paul, “You see, brother, how many thousands of Jews have believed, and all of them are zealous for the law. / But they are under the impression that you teach all the Jews who live among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children or observe our customs. <a href="/romans/14-1.htm">Romans 14:1-3</a> Accept him whose faith is weak, without passing judgment on his opinions. / For one person has faith to eat all things, while another, who is weak, eats only vegetables. / The one who eats everything must not belittle the one who does not, and the one who does not eat everything must not judge the one who does, for God has accepted him. <a href="/romans/14-13.htm">Romans 14:13-15</a> Therefore let us stop judging one another. Instead, make up your mind not to put any stumbling block or obstacle in your brother’s way. / I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean. / If your brother is distressed by what you eat, you are no longer acting in love. Do not by your eating destroy your brother, for whom Christ died. <a href="/1_corinthians/8-9.htm">1 Corinthians 8:9-13</a> Be careful, however, that your freedom does not become a stumbling block to the weak. / For if someone with a weak conscience sees you who are well informed eating in an idol’s temple, will he not be encouraged to eat food sacrificed to idols? / So this weak brother, for whom Christ died, is destroyed by your knowledge. ... <a href="/1_corinthians/9-20.htm">1 Corinthians 9:20-22</a> To the Jews I became like a Jew, to win the Jews. To those under the law I became like one under the law (though I myself am not under the law), to win those under the law. / To those without the law I became like one without the law (though I am not outside the law of God but am under the law of Christ), to win those without the law. / To the weak I became weak, to win the weak. I have become all things to all people so that by all possible means I might save some. <a href="/colossians/2-16.htm">Colossians 2:16-17</a> Therefore let no one judge you by what you eat or drink, or with regard to a feast, a New Moon, or a Sabbath. / These are a shadow of the things to come, but the body that casts it belongs to Christ. <a href="/1_timothy/4-1.htm">1 Timothy 4:1-5</a> Now the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will abandon the faith to follow deceitful spirits and the teachings of demons, / influenced by the hypocrisy of liars, whose consciences are seared with a hot iron. / They will prohibit marriage and require abstinence from certain foods that God has created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth. ... <a href="/matthew/15-1.htm">Matthew 15:1-2</a> Then some Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem and asked, / “Why do Your disciples break the tradition of the elders? They do not wash their hands before they eat.” <a href="/mark/7-2.htm">Mark 7:2-5</a> and they saw some of His disciples eating with hands that were defiled—that is, unwashed. / Now in holding to the tradition of the elders, the Pharisees and all the Jews do not eat until they wash their hands ceremonially. / And on returning from the market, they do not eat unless they wash. And there are many other traditions for them to observe, including the washing of cups, pitchers, kettles, and couches for dining. ... <a href="/john/7-24.htm">John 7:24</a> Stop judging by outward appearances, and start judging justly.”</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them which were of the circumcision.certain.<a href="/galatians/2-9.htm">Galatians 2:9</a> And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the heathen, and they unto the circumcision.<a href="/acts/21-18.htm">Acts 21:18-25</a> And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the elders were present… he did.<a href="/acts/10-28.htm">Acts 10:28</a> And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.<a href="/acts/11-3.htm">Acts 11:3</a> Saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them.<a href="/ephesians/2-15.htm">Ephesians 2:15,19-22</a> Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace; … he withdrew.<a href="/isaiah/65-5.htm">Isaiah 65:5</a> Which say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the day.<a href="/luke/15-2.htm">Luke 15:2</a> And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them.<a href="/1_thessalonians/5-22.htm">1 Thessalonians 5:22</a> Abstain from all appearance of evil.fearing.<a href="/proverbs/29-25.htm">Proverbs 29:25</a> The fear of man bringeth a snare: but whoso putteth his trust in the LORD shall be safe.<a href="/isaiah/57-11.htm">Isaiah 57:11</a> And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast lied, and hast not remembered me, nor laid it to thy heart? have not I held my peace even of old, and thou fearest me not?<a href="/matthew/26-69.htm">Matthew 26:69-75</a> Now Peter sat without in the palace: and a damsel came unto him, saying, Thou also wast with Jesus of Galilee… <div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/acts/16-16.htm">Accustomed</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-21.htm">Afraid</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/5-10.htm">Aloof</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/5-14.htm">Arrived</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/10-3.htm">Ate</a> <a href="/galatians/2-9.htm">Circumcision</a> <a href="/acts/20-30.htm">Draw</a> <a href="/acts/27-27.htm">Drew</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/15-32.htm">Eat</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/9-10.htm">Eating</a> <a href="/galatians/2-2.htm">Fear</a> <a href="/romans/13-4.htm">Fearing</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-27.htm">Food</a> <a href="/galatians/2-9.htm">Gentiles</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/10-6.htm">Hold</a> <a href="/galatians/2-9.htm">James</a> <a href="/galatians/2-8.htm">Nations</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-20.htm">Party</a> <a href="/galatians/1-7.htm">Persons</a> <a href="/romans/5-13.htm">Prior</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/6-17.htm">Separate</a> <a href="/galatians/1-15.htm">Separated</a> <a href="/acts/15-39.htm">Separating</a> <a href="/galatians/1-6.htm">Soon</a> <a href="/galatians/1-13.htm">Used</a> <a href="/acts/5-38.htm">Withdraw</a> <a href="/luke/5-16.htm">Withdrawing</a> <a href="/acts/23-19.htm">Withdrew</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/hebrews/5-13.htm">Accustomed</a> <a href="/galatians/4-11.htm">Afraid</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/5-22.htm">Aloof</a> <a href="/2_thessalonians/2-2.htm">Arrived</a> <a href="/revelation/10-10.htm">Ate</a> <a href="/galatians/5-2.htm">Circumcision</a> <a href="/hebrews/4-16.htm">Draw</a> <a href="/revelation/12-4.htm">Drew</a> <a href="/colossians/2-16.htm">Eat</a> <a href="/colossians/2-16.htm">Eating</a> <a href="/galatians/4-11.htm">Fear</a> <a href="/colossians/3-22.htm">Fearing</a> <a href="/ephesians/5-29.htm">Food</a> <a href="/galatians/2-14.htm">Gentiles</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-15.htm">Hold</a> <a href="/2_timothy/3-8.htm">James</a> <a href="/galatians/2-15.htm">Nations</a> <a href="/galatians/3-20.htm">Party</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-19.htm">Persons</a> <a href="/nehemiah/13-4.htm">Prior</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-12.htm">Separate</a> <a href="/galatians/5-4.htm">Separated</a> <a href="/2_timothy/2-21.htm">Separating</a> <a href="/galatians/2-14.htm">Soon</a> <a href="/ephesians/1-21.htm">Used</a> <a href="/2_thessalonians/3-6.htm">Withdraw</a> <a href="/2_samuel/20-2.htm">Withdrawing</a> <a href="/exodus/14-19.htm">Withdrew</a><div class="vheading2">Galatians 2</div>1. <a href="/galatians/2-1.htm">He shows when he went up again to Jerusalem, and for what purpose;</a> 3. <a href="/galatians/2-3.htm">and that Titus was not circumcised;</a> 11. <a href="/galatians/2-11.htm">and that he resisted Peter, and told him the reason;</a> 14. <a href="/galatians/2-14.htm">why he and others, being Jews, believe in Christ to be justified by faith, and not by works;</a> 20. <a href="/galatians/2-20.htm">and that they live not in sin, who are so justified.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/galatians/2.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/galatians/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/galatians/2.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>For before certain men came from James This phrase indicates a specific group of individuals associated with James, the leader of the Jerusalem church and brother of Jesus. James was known for his adherence to Jewish law, and these men likely represented a faction within the early church that emphasized the importance of Jewish customs. This reflects the tension between Jewish and Gentile believers in the early church, as seen in <a href="/acts/15.htm">Acts 15</a>, where the Jerusalem Council addressed similar issues. The arrival of these men suggests a shift in the dynamics of the Antioch church, highlighting the influence of Jerusalem's authority.he used to eat with the Gentiles Peter's previous behavior of eating with Gentiles signifies the breaking of traditional Jewish dietary laws, which was a significant step in the early church's mission to include Gentiles. This action aligns with Peter's vision in <a href="/acts/10.htm">Acts 10</a>, where God showed him that no food or person should be considered unclean. Eating with Gentiles was a practical demonstration of the gospel's inclusivity, breaking down the "dividing wall of hostility" mentioned in <a href="/ephesians/2-14.htm">Ephesians 2:14</a>.But when they arrived, he began to draw back and separate himself Peter's withdrawal from the Gentiles upon the arrival of the men from James indicates a regression to old Jewish customs, likely due to social pressure. This act of separation contradicts the unity in Christ that Paul advocates in <a href="/galatians/3-28.htm">Galatians 3:28</a>, where there is neither Jew nor Gentile. Peter's behavior underscores the struggle within the early church to fully embrace the new covenant's implications, which transcended ethnic and cultural boundaries.for fear of those in the circumcision group The "circumcision group" refers to Jewish Christians who insisted on the necessity of circumcision and adherence to the Mosaic Law for salvation. Peter's fear of this group highlights the human tendency to seek approval from influential peers, even at the expense of gospel truth. This fear-driven action contrasts with the boldness expected of church leaders, as seen in <a href="/acts/4-13.htm">Acts 4:13</a>, where Peter and John spoke courageously before the Sanhedrin. This incident serves as a reminder of the ongoing struggle between law and grace, a central theme in Paul's letters.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/p/paul.htm">Paul</a> - The apostle who wrote the letter to the Galatians, addressing issues of law and grace. 2. <a href="/topical/p/peter.htm">Peter (Cephas)</a> - An apostle who initially ate with Gentile believers but withdrew due to pressure from the circumcision group. 3. <a href="/topical/j/james.htm">James</a> - The leader of the Jerusalem church, whose name is associated with the men who influenced Peter. 4. <a href="/topical/g/gentiles.htm">Gentiles</a> - Non-Jewish believers who were part of the early Christian community. 5. <a href="/topical/c/circumcision_group.htm">Circumcision Group</a> - Jewish Christians who believed that Gentile converts should adhere to Jewish laws, including circumcision.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/f/fear_of_man_vs._fear_of_god.htm">Fear of Man vs. Fear of God</a> Peter's actions were influenced by fear of human opinion rather than faithfulness to God's revelation. Believers are called to prioritize God's approval over human approval. <a href="/topical/u/unity_in_the_body_of_christ.htm">Unity in the Body of Christ</a> The incident highlights the importance of unity among believers, regardless of cultural or ethnic backgrounds. The gospel transcends these divisions. <a href="/topical/c/consistency_in_faith.htm">Consistency in Faith</a> Peter's withdrawal from the Gentiles shows the danger of inconsistency in living out one's faith. Believers should strive for integrity and consistency in their actions. <a href="/topical/i/influence_of_leadership.htm">Influence of Leadership</a> Leaders in the church have a significant impact on others. Peter's actions led others astray, demonstrating the responsibility leaders have to model Christ-like behavior. <a href="/topical/c/courage_to_confront.htm">Courage to Confront</a> Paul's confrontation of Peter shows the necessity of addressing issues directly and lovingly within the church to maintain doctrinal purity and unity.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_galatians_2.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Galatians 2</a> <a href="/q/purpose_of_the_jerusalem_council.htm">What was the purpose of the Jerusalem Council?</a> <a href="/q/galatians_2_11__why_no_response_from_peter.htm">Galatians 2:11 – What does the lack of a recorded response from Peter after Paul’s public rebuke suggest about possible missing historical details or inconsistencies in the text? </a> <a href="/q/what_happened_at_the_antioch_incident.htm">What occurred during the Incident at Antioch?</a> <a href="/q/how_does_acts_24_10-15_align_with_paul's_conflicts.htm">In Acts 24:10-15, Paul insists he adheres to Jewish tradition while also preaching resurrection; how does this align with his earlier conflicts over the Law?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/galatians/2.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(12) Certain came from James.--The expression used leaves it an open question whether the persons intended brought, or claimed to bring, any sort of official authorisation from St. James (comp. <a href="/acts/15-24.htm" title="For as much as we have heard, that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, You must be circumcised, and keep the law: to whom we gave no such commandment:">Acts 15:24</a>), or whether they merely belonged to the Church of Jerusalem, in which, if St. James was not actually bishop, he at least exercised a sort of presidential jurisdiction.He did eat with the Gentiles.--By eating with Gentiles a Jew contracted Levitical defilement. St. Peter had been accused of this before, on account of his intercourse with Cornelius. (Comp. <a href="/acts/11-3.htm" title="Saying, You went in to men uncircumcised, and did eat with them.">Acts 11:3</a>.) He had not, however, stability and firmness enough to treat the question of principle as settled for him then once for all, and he yielded to a repetition of the old remonstrances. Our Lord Himself had braved Jewish opinion on this point. (Comp. <a href="/luke/15-2.htm" title="And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receives sinners, and eats with them.">Luke 15:2</a>.)When they were come.--The reading of the oldest MSS. here is "when he came," of which it seems impossible to make any satisfactory sense. It may have been a slip of the pen, either in the original or in some very early copy. Other instances of mistakes in the oldest MSS. would be--<a href="/mark/4-21.htm" title="And he said to them, Is a candle brought to be put under a bushel, or under a bed? and not to be set on a candlestick?">Mark 4:21</a>, "under a candlestick," instead of "on a candlestick;" <a href="/john/1-15.htm" title="John bore witness of him, and cried, saying, This was he of whom I spoke, He that comes after me is preferred before me: for he was before me.">John 1:15</a>, "he who said," for "he of whom I said;" and a Greek form in <a href="/philippians/2-1.htm" title="If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies,">Philippians 2:1</a>. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/galatians/2.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 12. - The Judaism of the earliest Pentecostal Church not rabbinical. Any one who will be at the pains of reviewing the contents of the four Gospels with an eye to this particular subject, cannot fail to be struck by the frequency with which Christ in his own conduct placed himself in even the sharpest antagonism to the "traditions of the eiders," and encouraged his disciples in likewise setting them at nought. And this he did in cases in which the contrast of his behaviour to the abject submission to those traditions paraded by the Pharisees must have been most striking, and have jarred, no doubt, very often even painfully, upon the ill-instructed religious sensibilities of those, who had grown up in the belief that to observe the traditions was both seemly and pious and to neglect them unseemly and schismatical. For example, in daily life, neither he nor his disciples would "baptize" themselves when coming home from the market, nor even apply lustral water to their hands before taking a meal, though there before their eyes stood tire vessels filled with water which had been provided for the guests and which the other guests were punctual in using. It was not without significance that in his first miracle he withdrew the water which had been set apart for such lustrations from one use of it which he would pronounce to be utterly frivolous and vain, to apply it to one which should really be serviceable and beneficent. Again, many were the restrictions which the traditions imposed upon men's actions on the sabbath - restrictions which not only were additional to those enjoined by the Law, but also in many cases contravened the calls of mercy and benevolence. Such restrictions Christ very frequently, and in the most public and pointed manner, so as to directly challenge attention to what he did, broke through, and taught his disciples to disregard; the Pharisees being repeatedly so enraged at these transgressions of the traditions as to endeavour in consequence to take his life. The fastings enjoined by the traditions, he and his disciples likewise offended the Pharisees by taking no account cf. The traditions of especially one popular school of teaching allowed so great a facility of divorce as served to disguise a frightful excess of licentiousness, in which many of the Pharisees were themselves implicated; in opposition to which Christ was wont publicly to declare that 'connections formed after divorces not justified by adultery were themselves adulterous. Continually was the Lord warning his followers against the leaven of Pharisaism, to wit, its ostentation in religious observances; its laying so much stress upon the outward act, in neglect of the inward motive and the posture of the spirit; its draining away the forces of moral earnestness from the prosecution of justice, mercy, and truth, to squander them upon scrupulous and vigilant devotion to the veriest trifles of formalism; the consequent hollowness and hypocrisy of the religious character of its votaries; their love of money; their eagerness for social distinction; their cruelty to the poor amid all their ostentatious almsgiving; their hardheartedness to the fallen; their intense, devilish hatred of real piety. All the four Gospels abound in indications of that antipathy to Pharisaism and traditionalism which Christ both entertained himself and was careful to instil into the minds of his disciples. It cannot, therefore, be questioned that the disciples who formed the first nucleus of the Christian community, especially the twelve and the brethren of the Lord, were animated by similar sentiments of anti-Pharisaism; and so also the Pentecostal Church at Jerusalem as moulded under their influence. The Law of Moses, no doubt, they continued to obey, as their Master had done - the Law of Moses, however, as construed in the more humane and spiritual sense put upon it by the Sermon on the Mount, and not as stiffened and hardened into intolerable cruelty by the rabbinism which the Pharisees insisted upon. Such, we may feel certain, had been the attitude of St. Peter's mind in reference to the Law when, years before at Joppa, he had received the summons to go and visit Cornelius at Caesarea. It was with constraint put upon his own hitherto cherished tastes that he submitted to the call; and when he entered the Gentile's house, the fibre of Israelitism in his soul is seen quivering, shrinking back from the step which he was compelled to take. "Ye yourselves know," he said to the company of uncircumcised men among whom he found himself, "that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to join himself or to come unto one of another nation; and yet unto me hath God showed that I should not call any man common or unclean." It was painful to him as an Israelite and a Mosaist; but God's declared will was leaving him no alternative. Now, whence had arisen those feelings of repulsion? Partly it was, no doubt, a kind of caste sentiment. It had been then more than two thousand years a traditional consciousness with the Hebrew race that their circumcision lifted them to a higher level than the rest of mankind stood upon; and the persuasion inspired them with a disdain of uncircumcised nations, which with the most had little or no admixture of really religious feeling, being felt by the idolatrous Ephraimites as well as by the less unfaithful children of Judah. With the more pious members of the nation, this repulsion from Gentiles was partly the outcome of their sense of the deep degradation, religious and moral, in which heathen nations were sunk, steeped as they were in idolatry; but their sense of this was greatly intensified by the moral effect of the separation from other nations enforced by the ceremonial law. This was effected partly by the distinction between clean and unclean animals, which, recognized in an elementary degree as early as the time of Noah, was made in the Levitical legislation a matter of very minutely definite prescription (<a href="/leviticus/11.htm">Leviticus 11</a>.); and partly by the prohibition of eating either certain kinds of fat (<a href="/leviticus/3-17.htm">Leviticus 3:17</a>) or blood: to partake either of the flesh of an unclean animal, or of suet or blood, was emphatically declared by the Law, and by the long-inherited tradition of the nation had grown to be instinctively felt to be, "defilement" and "abomination." There is no ground for supposing that St. Peter's shrinking back from Gentiles as common or unclean was caused by rabbinism. Rabbin-ism, no doubt, added much to the bitterness of the repulsion with these who served the traditions; but even where there was no bondage owned to the dicta of the elders, repulsion from the contact of a Gentile was a powerful sentiment, having its roots deep in the instinctive sentiments of the Hebrew race and in the feelings instilled by the peremptory enactments of the Divine Law. Now, however, in Cornelius's house, St. Peter does not allow his spirit to be dominated by sentiments such as these. God and Christ his Master were making it manifest, as in other ways, so especially by the astonishing illapse of the Holy Spirit into these believing hearers of the gospel message, that they were no longer unclean, and therefore he cannot possibly any longer treat them as unclean. He tarried with them certain days, and, according to the charge immediately after preferred against him and not denied, ate with them. That he partook of the same food as they, whether of a kind forbidden by the Mosaic Law or not, is not stated and is no necessary inference drawn from the circumstances. He would not, we may well believe, scruple now to recline at the same table with them; but it may be readily imagined that for a guest so highly revered, of whose Jewish sensibilities respecting food they could not be unaware, even if he or the six Jewish brethren who accompanied him from Joppa did not make a point of apprising them, the wealthy centurion and his family would be only too anxious to provide such food as both he and his fellow-visitors would find acceptable. Thus St. Peter might have "eaten bread" with the Gentiles, neither, on the one hand, himself breaking the Levitical Law by partaking of food which was forbidden to him as a child of the legal covenant, nor, on the other, declining to recognize the full acceptableness before God and the equal brotherhood in Christ of believers who were still in their uncircumcision. The caste feeling of proud disdain of uncircumcised men as men of an inferior grade, and the dread of ceremonial defilement from contact with those who were levitically unclean, dared no longer assert themselves, could, indeed, no longer be permitted to lodge in his bosom, in the face of the clear proof which had been afforded that the Almighty had in Christ adopted them as his own children equally with himself. Thus it appears that when at Antioch, at the time here referred to by St. Paul, Cephas was seen partaking of social meals in company with the Gentile converts, he was only acting in the same way as he had acted at Caesarea ten years before. <a href="/commentaries/galatians/2-12.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>For γὰρ (gar) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_1063.htm">Strong's 1063: </a> For. A primary particle; properly, assigning a reason. before πρὸ (pro) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_4253.htm">Strong's 4253: </a> A primary preposition; 'fore', i.e. In front of, prior to. certain men τινας (tinas) Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_5100.htm">Strong's 5100: </a> Any one, some one, a certain one or thing. An enclitic indefinite pronoun; some or any person or object. came ἐλθεῖν (elthein) Verb - Aorist Infinitive Active <a href="/greek/strongs_2064.htm">Strong's 2064: </a> To come, go. from ἀπὸ (apo) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_575.htm">Strong's 575: </a> From, away from. A primary particle; 'off, ' i.e. Away, in various senses. James, Ἰακώβου (Iakōbou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2385.htm">Strong's 2385: </a> The same as Iakob Graecized; Jacobus, the name of three Israelites. he used to eat συνήσθιεν (synēsthien) Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4906.htm">Strong's 4906: </a> To eat with. From sun and esthio; to take food in company with. with μετὰ (meta) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_3326.htm">Strong's 3326: </a> (a) gen: with, in company with, (b) acc: (1) behind, beyond, after, of place, (2) after, of time, with nouns, neut. of adjectives. the τῶν (tōn) Article - Genitive Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. Gentiles. ἐθνῶν (ethnōn) Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1484.htm">Strong's 1484: </a> Probably from etho; a race, i.e. A tribe; specially, a foreign one. But δὲ (de) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_1161.htm">Strong's 1161: </a> A primary particle; but, and, etc. when ὅτε (hote) Adverb <a href="/greek/strongs_3753.htm">Strong's 3753: </a> When, at which time. From hos and te; at which too, i.e. When. they arrived, ἦλθον (ēlthon) Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2064.htm">Strong's 2064: </a> To come, go. he began to draw back ὑπέστελλεν (hypestellen) Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5288.htm">Strong's 5288: </a> From hupo and stello; to withhold under, i.e. to cower or shrink, to conceal. and καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. separate ἀφώριζεν (aphōrizen) Verb - Imperfect Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_873.htm">Strong's 873: </a> To rail off, separate, place apart. From apo and horizo; to set off by boundary, i.e. limit, exclude, appoint, etc. himself, ἑαυτόν (heauton) Reflexive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1438.htm">Strong's 1438: </a> Himself, herself, itself. for fear of φοβούμενος (phoboumenos) Verb - Present Participle Middle or Passive - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5399.htm">Strong's 5399: </a> From phobos; to frighten, i.e. to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e. Revere. those τοὺς (tous) Article - Accusative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. in ἐκ (ek) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1537.htm">Strong's 1537: </a> From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out. [the] circumcision [ group ]. περιτομῆς (peritomēs) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4061.htm">Strong's 4061: </a> Circumcision. From peritemno; circumcision. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/galatians/2-12.htm">Galatians 2:12 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/galatians/2-12.htm">NT Letters: Galatians 2:12 For before some people came from James (Gal. 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