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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Muslim League National Guard</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg/220px-Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg/330px-Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg/440px-Flag_of_Muslim_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">MLNG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">Raja of <a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad_Estate" title="Mahmudabad Estate">Mahmudabad</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad,_India" title="Mahmudabad, India">Mahmudabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1949<span class="noprint">; 75 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1949</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">Quasi-paramilitary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Defunct</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan movement">Pakistan movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmiri separatist movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1947)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">118,152<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable commanders</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Siddique Ali Khan<br /><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Hayat_Khan" title="Shaukat Hayat Khan">Shaukat Hayat Khan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Khurshid_Anwar_(Major)" title="Khurshid Anwar (Major)">Khurshid Anwar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muslim League National Guard</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Muslim National Guard</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the name of a quasi-<a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitary</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> organization associated with the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> that took part in the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a>. It was active in the violence that ensued during the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_tribal_invasion_of_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani tribal invasion of Kashmir">Kashmir conflict</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/East_Bengal" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a>, the Muslim National Guard was popularly known as the <i>Azrail Bahini</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muslim_National_Guard_Identity_Card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Muslim_National_Guard_Identity_Card.jpg/220px-Muslim_National_Guard_Identity_Card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Muslim_National_Guard_Identity_Card.jpg/330px-Muslim_National_Guard_Identity_Card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Muslim_National_Guard_Identity_Card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>A Muslim National Guard Identity Card issued in Karachi in 1950.</figcaption></figure> <p>The organisation of Muslim National Guard was founded in the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of British India">United Provinces</a> in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1937</span>. It followed the formation of other Muslim-focused volunteer corps organisations such as <a href="/wiki/Ahrars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahrars">Ahrars</a> (1929) and <a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a> (1931). According to scholar <a href="/wiki/Ian_Talbot" title="Ian Talbot">Ian Talbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a> began to make use of public spaces for agitation for its <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan movement">Pakistan movement</a>, which had the danger of rousing public passions and inviting repression from the British government. The Muslim National Guards were created to reconcile public participation with public order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199659_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199659-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Raja of <a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad_Estate" title="Mahmudabad Estate">Mahmudabad</a> convened a committee in early 1937 and drafted the ground rules for the organisation. It incorporated discipline, truthfulness and social service with the objective of achieving a cohesive Muslim community. Membership was limited to Muslims, with a minimum age of 15 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199663_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199663-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1940, the Muslim League drew up a new constitution, setting its aims and objectives to be the same as those of Muslim League. Another revision of the constitution was made in 1944, focusing the organisation's role in social and physical development of Muslims. A renewed emphasis was placed on volunteers wearing a uniform, attending the mosque and flag salutation ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199664_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199664-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strength">Strength</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Strength"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the end of 1946, the Muslim National Guard had 22,000 members in <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab, British India">Punjab</a>. But lagged behind its Hindu counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a>, which had twice as many. In Punjab, it had to also reckon with the Sikh force <i>Akal Fauj</i>, as well as the various Sikh <a href="/wiki/Jatha" title="Jatha">jathas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed,_The_Punjab_Bloodied2012Chapter_4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed,_The_Punjab_Bloodied2012Chapter_4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1947, the British Indian government estimated the all-India strength to be 118,152, which is assessed as an underestimate by scholar Ian Talbot. Its commander Siddique Ali Khan claimed a strength of 300,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Bengal,_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengal, British India">Bengal</a> province alone, which is taken to be an overestimate.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presence_throughout_the_Regions">Presence throughout the Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Presence throughout the Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Punjab">Punjab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Punjab"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bengal_and_Bihar">Bengal and Bihar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bengal and Bihar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy</a>, at the inauguration of a training center in <a href="/wiki/Faridpur_District" title="Faridpur District">Faridpur</a>, stated that those who were getting training at the center would act as the soldiers for the achievement of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and would save the Muslims from enemy attacks. In 1946, <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Monem_Khan" title="Abdul Monem Khan">Abdul Monem Khan</a> organized the Muslim National Guard in <a href="/wiki/Mymensingh_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Mymensingh district">Mymensingh</a> with 100,000 volunteers and became the <i>Salar-i-Zilla</i> or the commander-in-chief of the district.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The members of the National Guard wore distinctive green uniforms with green hats and carried green flags.<sup id="cite_ref-Chakrabarty2004_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chakrabarty2004-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Role_in_Partition_violence">Role in Partition violence</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role in Partition violence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></div> <p>On 24 January 1946, the Coalition Government declared both the Muslim National Guard and the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> illegal organizations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The private armies were considered a menace to the State and hence won't be tolerated. Ghazarfar Ali opposed the Government decision contending that a ban on the Muslim National Guard was a ban on the most important activities of the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-talib50_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talib50-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 August 1946, two days before the <a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a> started in <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, the members of the Muslim National Guards were called upon to assemble at the Muslim Institute at 8:30<span class="nowrap"> </span>a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the violence in the <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab, British India">Punjab</a>, the Muslim National Guard worked closely with the <a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a> and the Ahrars.<sup id="cite_ref-talib141_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-talib141-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ban">Ban</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ban"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948, the organization was banned in India after the Indian government launched a crackdown against organizations dedicated to promoting communal hatred or preaching violence in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi">assassination of Mahatma Gandhi</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-Khan2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BestA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BestA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Evan_Meredith_Jenkins" title="Evan Meredith Jenkins">Evan Meredith Jenkins</a>, the last British Governor of the Punjab compared the Muslim National Guard to Nazi <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">storm troopers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbb44_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbb44-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Rakesh Batabyal draws parallels between fascist methods and the creation of paramilitary forces such as the Muslim National Guard. He observes that <a href="/wiki/Juan_Linz" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Linz">Juan José Linz</a>'s analysis of fascist organizations applies: elected political parties using violence against opponents instead of political campaigning was a tragic innovation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Pakistan)" title="National Guard (Pakistan)">National Guard (Pakistan)</a>, a military reserve created in 1948</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199665–66_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996">Talbot, The Role of the Muslim National Guards (1996)</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?200395_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?2003">Hansen, The Punjab 1937-47 – A Case of Genocide? (2003)</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996">Talbot, The Role of the Muslim National Guards (1996)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199659-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199659_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996">Talbot, The Role of the Muslim National Guards (1996)</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199663-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199663_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996">Talbot, The Role of the Muslim National Guards (1996)</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199664-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards199664_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996">Talbot, The Role of the Muslim National Guards (1996)</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed,_The_Punjab_Bloodied2012Chapter_4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed,_The_Punjab_Bloodied2012Chapter_4_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmed,_The_Punjab_Bloodied2012">Ahmed, The Punjab Bloodied (2012)</a>, Chapter 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSalam2012" class="citation book cs1">Salam, Muhammad Abdus (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Khan,_Abdul_Monem">"Khan, Abdul Monem"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Islam, Sirajul</a>; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). <i>Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh</i> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Khan%2C+Abdul+Monem&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Salam&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Abdus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKhan%2C_Abdul_Monem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chakrabarty2004-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chakrabarty2004_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakrabarty2004" class="citation book cs1">Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YRyAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99"><i>The Partition of Bengal and Assam, 1932-1947: Contour of Freedom</i></a>. Routledge. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-33275-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-33275-5"><bdi>978-1-134-33275-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Partition+of+Bengal+and+Assam%2C+1932-1947%3A+Contour+of+Freedom&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-134-33275-5&rft.aulast=Chakrabarty&rft.aufirst=Bidyut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYRyAAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-talib50-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-talib50_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalib1991" class="citation book cs1">Talib, S. Gurbachan Singh, ed. (1991) [1950]. <i>Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947</i>. New Delhi: Voice of India. p. 50.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+League+Attack+on+Sikhs+and+Hindus+in+the+Punjab+1947&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Voice+of+India&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanyalBasu2011" class="citation book cs1">Sanyal, Sunanda; Basu, Soumya (2011). <i>The Sickle & the Crescent: Communists, Muslim League and India's Partition</i>. London: Frontpage Publications. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-908841-6-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-908841-6-7"><bdi>978-81-908841-6-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sickle+%26+the+Crescent%3A+Communists%2C+Muslim+League+and+India%27s+Partition&rft.place=London&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Frontpage+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-908841-6-7&rft.aulast=Sanyal&rft.aufirst=Sunanda&rft.au=Basu%2C+Soumya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-talib141-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-talib141_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalib1991" class="citation book cs1">Talib, S. Gurbachan Singh, ed. (1991) [1950]. <i>Muslim League Attack on Sikhs and Hindus in the Punjab 1947</i>. New Delhi: Voice of India. p. 141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslim+League+Attack+on+Sikhs+and+Hindus+in+the+Punjab+1947&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Voice+of+India&rft.date=1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khan2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Khan2011_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Khan, Yasmin (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X10000223">"Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Modern_Asian_Studies" title="Modern Asian Studies">Modern Asian Studies</a></i>. <b>45</b> (1): 57–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0026749X10000223">10.1017/S0026749X10000223</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144894540">144894540</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=Performing+Peace%3A+Gandhi%27s+assassination+as+a+critical+moment+in+the+consolidation+of+the+Nehruvian+state&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-80&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0026749X10000223&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144894540%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Yasmin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0026749X10000223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BestA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BestA_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBest2003" class="citation book cs1">Best, A. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aTyk_neEmg0C&pg=PA127"><i>British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print. From 1946 through 1950. Asia 1949. Burma, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, The Philippines and South-East Asia and the Far East (general), January 1949- December 1949</i></a>. Asia / ed. Anthony Best. Univ. Publ. of America. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55655-768-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55655-768-2"><bdi>978-1-55655-768-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>The government also declared the Muslim League National Guard, and Khaksars to be unlawful organisations. In Madras and Bombay the action taken was considerably more comprehensive: Communist volunteer corps were covered by the ban and in the latter Province the Schedule Castes Volunteer Organisation was also forbidden.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Documents+on+Foreign+Affairs%3A+Reports+and+Papers+from+the+Foreign+Office+Confidential+Print.+From+1946+through+1950.+Asia+1949.+Burma%2C+India%2C+Pakistan%2C+Ceylon%2C+Indonesia%2C+The+Philippines+and+South-East+Asia+and+the+Far+East+%28general%29%2C+January+1949-+December+1949&rft.series=Asia+%2F+ed.+Anthony+Best&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Univ.+Publ.+of+America&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55655-768-2&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaTyk_neEmg0C%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbb44-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbb44_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiswas2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Biswas, Bipad Bhanjan (2003). <i>Bharat Bibhajan: Jogendranath O Dr. Ambedkar</i> (in Bengali). p. 44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bharat+Bibhajan%3A+Jogendranath+O+Dr.+Ambedkar&rft.pages=44&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Biswas&rft.aufirst=Bipad+Bhanjan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatabyal2005" class="citation book cs1">Batabyal, Rakesh (2005). <i>Communalism in Bengal: From Famine to Noakhali, 1943-47</i>. New Delhi: Sage Publications. pp. 385–386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7829-471-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-7829-471-0"><bdi>81-7829-471-0</bdi></a>. <q>Communalism strongly resemble[s] Fascist ideology and methods. These included the creation of paramilitary forces, such as the Muslim National Guards and the Hindustan National Guard ... What Linz writes about Fascist organizations to an extent was true of these organizations. He says: 'The discovery of the parliamentary political organisation ready to use violence against its opponents, rather than electioneering or conspiring, was a tragic innovation ...' (Juan J. Linz, 'Comparative Study of Fascism', in Walter Laqueur ed., <i>Fascism</i>, p.15.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communalism+in+Bengal%3A+From+Famine+to+Noakhali%2C+1943-47&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=385-386&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=81-7829-471-0&rft.aulast=Batabyal&rft.aufirst=Rakesh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muslim_League_National_Guard&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_The_Punjab_Bloodied2012" class="citation cs2">Ahmed, Ishtiaq (2012), <i>The Punjab Bloodied, Partitioned and Cleansed: Unravelling the 1947 Tragedy through Secret British Reports and First-Person Accounts</i>, OUP Pakistan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-906470-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-906470-0"><bdi>978-0-19-906470-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Punjab+Bloodied%2C+Partitioned+and+Cleansed%3A+Unravelling+the+1947+Tragedy+through+Secret+British+Reports+and+First-Person+Accounts&rft.pub=OUP+Pakistan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-906470-0&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Ishtiaq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansen,_The_Punjab_1937-47_–_A_Case_of_Genocide?2003" class="citation cs2">Hansen, Anders Bjørn (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/ebooks/files/dchf_genocide.pdf#page=83">"The Punjab 1937-47 – A Case of Genocide?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, in Steven L. B. Jensen (ed.), <i>Genocide: Cases, Comparisons and Contemporary Debates</i>, Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, pp. 83–122, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-989305-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-989305-0-1"><bdi>978-87-989305-0-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Punjab+1937-47+%E2%80%93+A+Case+of+Genocide%3F&rft.btitle=Genocide%3A+Cases%2C+Comparisons+and+Contemporary+Debates&rft.pages=83-122&rft.pub=Danish+Center+for+Holocaust+and+Genocide+Studies&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-87-989305-0-1&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Anders+Bj%C3%B8rn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peacepalacelibrary.nl%2Febooks%2Ffiles%2Fdchf_genocide.pdf%23page%3D83&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot,_Freedom's_Cry1996" class="citation cs2">Talbot, Ian (1996), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freedomscrypopul0000talb"><i>Freedom's Cry: The Popular Dimension in the Pakistan Movement and Partition Experience in North-West India</i></a></span>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/019-577657-7" title="Special:BookSources/019-577657-7"><bdi>019-577657-7</bdi></a> – via archive.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freedom%27s+Cry%3A+The+Popular+Dimension+in+the+Pakistan+Movement+and+Partition+Experience+in+North-West+India&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=019-577657-7&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreedomscrypopul0000talb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot,_The_Role_of_the_Muslim_National_Guards1996" class="citation cs2">Talbot, Ian (1996), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/freedomscrypopul0000talb/page/59">"Crowds, Ceremonial and State Symbolism: The Role of the Muslim National Guards in the Pakistan Movement"</a></span>, <i>Ibid</i>, Oxford University Press, pp. 59–80, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-577657-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-577657-7"><bdi>978-0-19-577657-7</bdi></a> – via archive.org</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crowds%2C+Ceremonial+and+State+Symbolism%3A+The+Role+of+the+Muslim+National+Guards+in+the+Pakistan+Movement&rft.btitle=Ibid&rft.pages=59-80&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-577657-7&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffreedomscrypopul0000talb%2Fpage%2F59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuslim+League+National+Guard" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan" title="Emirate of Afghanistan">Emirate of Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)">1929</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bangladesh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Chhatra_Shibir" title="Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir">Islami Chhatra Shibir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Democratic_League" title="Islamic Democratic League">Islamic Democratic League</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefazat-e-Islam_Bangladesh" title="Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh">Hefazat-e-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Andolan_Bangladesh" title="Islami Andolan Bangladesh">Islami Andolan Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelafat_Majlish" class="mw-redirect" title="Khelafat Majlish">Khelafat Majlish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jatiya_Oikya_Front" title="Islami Jatiya Oikya Front">Islami Jatiya Oikya Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Oikya_Jote" title="Islami Oikya Jote">Islami Oikya Jote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Khilafat_Andolan" title="Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan">Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Front" title="Bangladesh Islami Front">Bangladesh Islami Front</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Islami_Chattra_Sena" title="Bangladesh Islami Chattra Sena">Islami Chhatra Sena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_Bangladesh" title="Islamic Front Bangladesh">Islamic Front Bangladesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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(1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Ulema_and_Mashaikh_Board" title="All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board">All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl-e-Hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl-e-Hadith">Ahl-e-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Hind" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Hind">Jamaat-e-Islami Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Development_Front" title="National Development Front">National Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_of_India" title="Popular Front of India">Popular Front of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students%27_Islamic_Movement_of_India" title="Students' Islamic Movement of India">Students' Islamic Movement of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_Islamic_Organisation_of_India" title="Students Islamic Organisation of India">Students Islamic Organisation of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme_Nabuwwat" title="Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat">Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem_ul_Madaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzeem ul Madaris">Tanzeem ul Madaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawat_e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawat e Islami">Dawat e Islami</a> International</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ahle_Sunnat" title="Jamaat Ahle Sunnat">Jamaat Ahle Sunnat</a> Pakistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Tehreek" title="Sunni Tehreek">Sunni Tehreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem-ul-Madaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanzeem-ul-Madaris">Tanzeem-ul-Madaris</a> Ahle Sunnat, Pakistan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islami_Jamiat-e-Talaba" title="Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba">Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ahle_Hadith" title="Jamiat Ahle Hadith">Jamiat Ahle Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Islam" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam">Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Pakistan" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan">Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Majlis-e-Amal" title="Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal">Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzeem-e-Islami" title="Tanzeem-e-Islami">Tanzeem-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehrik-e-Jafaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tehrik-e-Jafaria">Tehrik-e-Jafaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Pakistan_Ulema_Council" title="All Pakistan Ulema Council">All Pakistan Ulema Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalmi_Majlis_Tahaffuz_Khatm-e-Nubuwwat" title="Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat">Aalmi Majlis Tahaffuz Khatm-e-Nubuwwat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Sunni_Conference" title="All India Sunni Conference">All India Sunni Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheed_Ganj_Mosque" title="Shaheed Ganj Mosque">Shaheed Ganj Mosque</a> Movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme_Nabuwwat" title="Majlis-e-Tahaffuz-e-Khatme Nabuwwat">Finality of Prophethood</a> movement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawat_e_Islami" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawat e Islami">Dawat e Islami</a> International</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Ulema_and_Mashaikh_Board" title="All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board">All India Ulema and Mashaikh Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehreek-e-Labbaik_Pakistan" title="Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan">Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement#Indian_subcontinent_(Ahl_al-Hadith_movement)" title="Salafi movement">Ahlehadeeth Movement Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir" title="Hizb ut-Tahrir">Hizb ut-Tahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami" title="Jamaat-e-Islami">Jamaat-e-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Kashmir" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir">Jamaat-e-Islami Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_ul-Fuqra" title="Jamaat ul-Fuqra">Jamaat ul-Fuqra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaksars" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaksars">Khaksars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">All India Khilafat Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim National Guard">Muslim National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablighi_Jamaat" title="Tablighi Jamaat">Tablighi Jamaat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_Bengali" title="Abdul Wahid Bengali">Abdul Wahid Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Qurayshi" title="Habibullah Qurayshi">Habibullah Qurayshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem-ud-Deen_Muradabadi" title="Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi">Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_Jamaat_Ali_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Peer Jamaat Ali Shah">Peer Jamaat Ali Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_el_Baqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah el Baqui">Abdullahil Baqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raza_Khan" title="Hamid Raza Khan">Hamid Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Raza_Khan_Qadri" title="Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri">Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Maulana Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari">Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari</a> (Justice)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Ahmad Saeed Kazmi">Ahmad Saeed Kazmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majduddin" title="Majduddin">Majduddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Aazmi" title="Amjad Ali Aazmi">Amjad Ali Aazmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Sardar_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Sardar Ahmad">Maulana Sardar Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asjad_Raza_Khan" title="Asjad Raza Khan">Asjad Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Chatuli" title="Ibrahim Chatuli">Ibrahim Chatuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Noori" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Noori">Saeed Noori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Turab_ul_Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Turab ul Haq">Shah Turab ul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Fazlur_Rahman_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari">Muhammad Fazlur Rahman Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Qamar_ul_Din_Sialvi" title="Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi">Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Noorani" title="Shah Ahmad Noorani">Shah Ahmad Noorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Sattar_Khan_Niazi" title="Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi">Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihabuddeen_Ahmed_Koya_Shaliyathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi">Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshadul_Qaudri" class="mw-redirect" title="Arshadul Qaudri">Arshadul Qaudri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul-hasan_Shams_Barelvi" title="Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi">Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Ahmed_Naeemi" title="Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi">Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahibzada_Haji_Muhammad_Fazal_Karim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim">Sahibzada Haji Muhammad Fazal Karim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Khan_Bhashani" title="Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani">Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Syed_Rafi_Mohammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad">Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hayatullah" title="Syed Hayatullah">Syed Hayatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanotvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi">Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mian_Tufail_Mohammad" title="Mian Tufail Mohammad">Mian Tufail Mohammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud al-Hasan">Mahmud al-Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziya-ur-Rahman_Azmi" title="Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi">Ziya-ur-Rahman Azmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jouhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Ali Jouhar">Mohammad Ali Jouhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Ali_(politician)" title="Shaukat Ali (politician)">Shaukat Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal" title="Muhammad Iqbal">Muhammad Iqbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Noorani" title="Shah Ahmad Noorani">Shah Ahmad Noorani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-ur-Rehman_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazl-ur-Rehman (politician)">Fazl-ur-Rehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Azam" title="Ghulam Azam">Ghulam Azam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Qadri" title="Ilyas Qadri">Ilyas Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motiur_Rahman_Nizami" title="Motiur Rahman Nizami">Motiur Rahman Nizami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hussain_Najafi" title="Muhammad Hussain Najafi">Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Hussain Najafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_al-Najafi" title="Bashir al-Najafi">Grand Ayatollah Bashir Hussain Najafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Asadullah_Al-Ghalib" title="Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib">Muhammad Asadullah Al-Ghalib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdar_Nagori" title="Safdar Nagori">Safdar Nagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Umri" title="Jalaluddin Umri">Jalaluddin Umri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israr_Ahmed" title="Israr Ahmed">Israr Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javed_Ahmad_Ghamidi" title="Javed Ahmad Ghamidi">Javed Ahmad Ghamidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad" title="Qazi Hussain Ahmad">Qazi Hussain Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Hussain_Hussaini" title="Arif Hussain Hussaini">Arif Hussain Hussaini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwar_Hossain_Sayeedi" title="Delwar Hossain Sayeedi">Delwar Hossain Sayeedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Mehmood_Soomro" title="Khalid Mehmood Soomro">Khalid Mehmood Soomro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddiq_Hasan_Khan" title="Siddiq Hasan Khan">Siddiq Hasan Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Elahi_Zaheer" title="Ehsan Elahi Zaheer">Ehsan Elahi Zaheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Amritsari" title="Sanaullah Amritsari">Sanaullah Amritsari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Kalam Azad">Abul Kalam Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizul_Haque_(scholar,_born_1919)" title="Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)">Azizul Haque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlul_Haque_Amini" title="Fazlul Haque Amini">Fazlul Haque Amini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Farooqi" title="Nurul Islam Farooqi">Nurul Islam Farooqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandaker_Abdullah_Jahangir" title="Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir">Khandaker Abdullah Jahangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abubakar_Muhammad_Zakaria" title="Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria">Abubakar Muhammad Zakaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmadullah" title="Sheikh Ahmadullah">Sheikh Ahmadullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Sardar_Ahmad" class="mw-redirect" title="Maulana Sardar Ahmad">Maulana Sardar Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanthapuram_A._P._Aboobacker_Musliyar" title="Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar">Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asjad_Raza_Khan" title="Asjad Raza Khan">Asjad Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Noori" class="mw-redirect" title="Saeed Noori">Saeed Noori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Zauq_Nadvi" title="Sultan Zauq Nadvi">Sultan Zauq Nadvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Events</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudood_Ordinances" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudood Ordinances">Hudood Ordinances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohd._Ahmed_Khan_v._Shah_Bano_Begum" title="Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum">Shah Bano case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Islamisation_programme_referendum,_1984" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984">Pakistani Islamisation programme referendum, 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noakhali_riots" title="Noakhali riots">Noakhali riots</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of <a href="/wiki/Template:Islamism" title="Template:Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia" title="Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia">Militant Islamism in South Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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