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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Iraq War (2003–2011)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Iraq_War_(2003–2011)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Iraq War (2003–2011) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Iraq_War_(2003–2011)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2003_U.S.-led_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003_U.S.-led_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>2003 U.S.-led invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003_U.S.-led_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti–coalition_insurgency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti–coalition_insurgency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Anti–coalition 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iraqi_insurgency_(2011–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iraqi_insurgency_(2011–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>War in Iraq (2013–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continued_Islamic_State_insurgency_(2017–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continued_Islamic_State_insurgency_(2017–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Continued Islamic State insurgency (2017–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continued_Islamic_State_insurgency_(2017–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clashes_between_Shia_militia_groups_(since_2023)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clashes_between_Shia_militia_groups_(since_2023)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Clashes between Shia militia groups (since 2023)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clashes_between_Shia_militia_groups_(since_2023)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Іракскі канфлікт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іракскі канфлікт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konflikten_i_Irak_(2003%E2%80%93nu)" title="Konflikten i Irak (2003–nu) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Konflikten i Irak (2003–nu)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraagi_konflikt_(2003%E2%80%93)" title="Iraagi konflikt (2003–) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Iraagi konflikt (2003–)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflicto_en_Irak" title="Conflicto en Irak – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Conflicto en Irak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="درگیری عراق – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگیری عراق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ერაყის კონფლიქტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ერაყის კონფლიქტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B9_(2003_%E2%80%93_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84)" title="عراقی تنازع (2003 – تاحال) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عراقی تنازع (2003 – تاحال)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflictul_din_Irak_(2003-prezent)" title="Conflictul din Irak (2003-prezent) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Conflictul din Irak (2003-prezent)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Иракский конфликт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иракский конфликт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8E%DB%8C_%D8%B9%DB%8E%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82" title="ململانێی عێراق – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ململانێی عێراق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Iraqi+conflict%22">"Iraqi conflict"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Iraqi+conflict%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Iraqi+conflict%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Iraqi+conflict%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Iraqi+conflict%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Iraqi+conflict%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Iraqi conflict</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">war on terror</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraqi_Civil_War_map_(2014%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.svg/220px-Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.svg/330px-Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.svg/440px-Iraqi_Civil_War_map_%282014%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1264" /></a></span><br />Current military situation:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#cc829b; color:black;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Iraq" title="Federal government of Iraq">Federal Government</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e3da75; color:black;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#b4dd9f; color:black;"> </span> Controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td><b>High-intensity hostilities</b>:<br />20 March 2003 – 9 December 2017<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(14 years, 8 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)<hr /><b>Low-intensity hostilities</b>:<br />9 December 2017 – present <br />(6 years, 11 months, 2 weeks and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Iraq</div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <ul><li>2003–2011: <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li>2003: <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">American-led invasion</a></li> <li>2003–2011: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation of Iraq</a></li> <li>2003–2011: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%932006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency">2003–2006 phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">2006–2008 civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li>2007–2011: <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">American withdrawal</a></li></ul></li> <li>2011–2013: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Iraqi_protests" title="2012–2013 Iraqi protests">2012–2013 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li>2013–2017: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">Renewed full-scale war in Iraq</a> <ul><li>2014–2021: <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention</a></li></ul></li> <li>2017–present: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Dick Cheney</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Donald Rumsfeld</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ash Carter</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Mattis" title="Jim Mattis">Jim Mattis</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Esper" title="Mark Esper">Mark Esper</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" 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data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Johnson" title="Boris Johnson">Boris Johnson</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liz_Truss" title="Liz Truss">Liz Truss</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Rishi Sunak</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Rodney_Starmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Keir Rodney Starmer">Keir Rodney Starmer</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Geoff Hoon</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Reid,_Baron_Reid_of_Cardowan" title="John Reid, Baron Reid of Cardowan">John Reid</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Desmond_Henry_Browne" class="mw-redirect" title="Desmond Henry Browne">Desmond Henry Browne</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Bob Ainsworth">Bob Ainsworth</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liam_Fox" title="Liam Fox">Liam Fox</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Hammond" title="Philip Hammond">Philip Hammond</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Fallon" title="Michael Fallon">Michael Fallon</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Williamson" title="Gavin Williamson">Gavin Williamson</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Mordaunt" title="Penny Mordaunt">Penny Mordaunt</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ben_Wallace_(politician)" title="Ben Wallace (politician)">Robert Ben Lobban Wallace</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grant_Shapps" title="Grant Shapps">Grant Shapps</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Healey" title="John Healey">John Healey</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rudd" title="Kevin Rudd">Kevin Rudd</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Abbott" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Abbott">Anthony Abbott</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq"><img alt="Ba'athist Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281991%E2%80%932004%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> 275,000–306,000 killed<sup id="cite_ref-costs2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-costs2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />9.2 million displaced (per the <a href="/wiki/Watson_Institute_for_International_and_Public_Affairs" title="Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs">Watson Institute</a>, as of August 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Persian_Gulf_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Persian_Gulf_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Persian_Gulf_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Persian_Gulf_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Persian Gulf Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Persian_Gulf_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Persian Gulf Wars</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War (1990–1991)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">Iraqi Kurdish/Shi'a uprisings (1991)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones_conflict" title="Iraqi no-fly zones conflict">Iraq no-fly zones conflict (1991–2003)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1993_airstrikes_on_Iraq" title="January 1993 airstrikes on Iraq">Iraq air strikes (January 1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1993 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">Iraq missile strikes (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1996 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">Iraq missile strikes (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_bombing_of_Iraq" title="1998 bombing of Iraq">Iraq bombing (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Shia_uprising_in_Iraq" title="1999 Shia uprising in Iraq">1999 Shia uprising in Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iraqi conflict (2003–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%932006_phase_of_the_Iraqi_insurgency" title="2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Iraqi conflict</b> is a series of violent events that began with the 2003 American-led <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion of Iraq</a> and deposition of Iraqi president <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>, the most recent of which is the ISIS conflict, in which the Iraqi government declared victory in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_Reference_Dictionary_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford_Reference_Dictionary-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the ensuing 2003-11 <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force</a> (MNF–I) led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> helped to establish a <a href="/wiki/Al_Maliki_I_Government" title="Al Maliki I Government">Shia-dominated federal government</a>, which was soon opposed by an <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi insurgency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Insurgent groups mostly fought the new government and MNF-I, but also each other, mostly along <a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Iraq" title="Sectarian violence in Iraq">sectarian lines</a> between <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Iraq" title="Shia Islam in Iraq">Shias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Iraq" title="Sunni Islam in Iraq">Sunnis</a>. In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">MNF–I withdrew from Iraq</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">renewed sectarian violence</a> and enabling the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> (IS). The <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">renewed war</a> drew an <a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">American-led intervention in 2014</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gen_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gen-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Full-scale fighting in the country came to a close in 2017 as the Iraqi government and its allies largely defeated the IS. A <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">low-level IS insurgency</a> continues in the rural northern parts of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions against Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States%27_Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="United States' Rationale for the Iraq War">United States' Rationale for the Iraq War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Iraq and weapons of mass destruction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_and_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq War and the War on Terror">Iraq War and the War on Terror</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a></div> <p>The main rationale given by the United States for its invasion of Iraq was based on <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Coalition_expanded_intelligence" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">allegations by the American and British governments</a> that <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> was developing <a href="/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction" title="Weapon of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a> and that he thus presented a threat to his neighbors and to the world. The United States stated "on November 8, 2002, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> unanimously adopted <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1441" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441">Resolution 1441</a>. All fifteen members of the Security Council agreed to give Iraq a final opportunity to comply with its obligations and disarm or face the serious consequences of failing to disarm. The resolution strengthened the mandate of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Monitoring,_Verification_and_Inspection_Commission" title="United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission">UN Monitoring and Verification Commission</a> (UNMOVIC) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">International Atomic Energy Agency</a> (IAEA), giving them authority to go anywhere, at any time and talk to anyone in order to verify Iraq's disarmament."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout the early 2000s, the administrations of <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> worked to build a case for invading Iraq, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>'s address to the Security Council one month before the invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the invasion, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency</a>, and other intelligence agencies refused to continue to support the allegations related to Iraqi weapons (as well as the <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_and_al-Qaeda_link_allegations" title="Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations">Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations</a>), at which point the Bush and Blair administrations shifted to secondary rationales for the war, such as <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saddam_Hussein%27s_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq">the Hussein government's human rights record</a> and promoting <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Iraq" title="Democracy in Iraq">democracy in Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith,_Jeffrey_R._2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith,_Jeffrey_R._2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opinion polls showed that people all over the world opposed a war without a UN mandate, and that the view of the United States as a danger to world peace had significantly increased.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">U.N. Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a> described the war as illegal, saying in an interview in 2004 that it was "not in conformity with the Security Council."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Revelations of faulty evidence and shifting rationales became the focal point for critics of the war, who charge that the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush administration">George W. Bush administration</a> purposely fabricated evidence to justify an invasion that it had long planned to launch.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of the war claim that the threat from Iraq and Saddam Hussein was real and that it had later been established. The U.S. led the effort for "the redirection of former Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD) scientists, technicians and engineers to civilian employment and discourage emigration of this community from Iraq."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)"><span id="Iraq_War_.282003.E2.80.932011.29"></span>Iraq War (2003–2011)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Iraq War (2003–2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003_U.S.-led_invasion">2003 U.S.-led invasion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 2003 U.S.-led invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_War_2003.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Iraq_War_2003.gif/220px-Iraq_War_2003.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Iraq_War_2003.gif/330px-Iraq_War_2003.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Iraq_War_2003.gif/440px-Iraq_War_2003.gif 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Coalition invasion route: Majority of U.S. and British invasion forces were approaching Iraq from the south en route to Baghdad.</figcaption></figure> <p>The invasion of Iraq lasted from 20 March to 1 May 2003 and signaled the start of the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, which was dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invasion consisted of 26 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> and deposed the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a>. The invasion phase consisted primarily of a conventionally fought war which included the capture of the Iraqi capital of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> by American forces with the assistance of the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland. </p><p>160,000 troops were sent by the Coalition into Iraq during the initial invasion phase, which lasted from 20 March to 15 April 2003. About 130,000 were sent from the US, with about 28,000 British, 2,000 Australian, and 194 Polish soldiers. <a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">36 other countries</a> were involved in its aftermath. In preparation for the invasion, 100,000 U.S. troops were assembled in <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> by 18 February.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coalition forces also received support from <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Kurdish irregulars</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>. </p><p>The invasion was preceded by an <a href="/wiki/Airstrike" title="Airstrike">airstrike</a> on the Presidential Palace in Baghdad on 20 March 2003. The following day, coalition forces launched an incursion into <a href="/wiki/Basra_Governorate" title="Basra Governorate">Basra Province</a> from their massing point close to the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border. While the special forces launched an amphibious assault from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> to secure <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a> and the surrounding petroleum fields, the main invasion army moved into southern Iraq, occupying the region and engaging in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Battle of Nasiriyah</a> on 23 March. Massive air strikes across the country and against Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">command and control</a> threw the defending army into chaos and prevented an effective resistance. On 26 March, the <a href="/wiki/173rd_Airborne_Brigade_Combat_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team">173rd Airborne Brigade</a> was <a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Delay" title="Operation Northern Delay">airdropped</a> near the northern city of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a>, where they joined forces with <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> rebels and fought several actions against the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a> to secure the northern part of the country. </p><p>The main body of coalition forces continued their drive into the heart of Iraq and met with little resistance. Most of the Iraqi military was quickly defeated and Baghdad was occupied on 9 April. Other operations occurred against pockets of the Iraqi army, including the capture and occupation of Kirkuk on 10 April, and the attack and capture of <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a> on 15 April. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iraq" title="President of Iraq">Iraqi president</a> Saddam Hussein and the central leadership went into hiding as the coalition forces completed the occupation of the country. On 1 May, an end of major combat operations was declared, ending the invasion period and beginning the <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a> period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti–coalition_insurgency"><span id="Anti.E2.80.93coalition_insurgency"></span>Anti–coalition insurgency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Anti–coalition insurgency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)</a></div> <p>Invading U.S.-led forces were unable to immediately fill the power vacuum caused by the sudden collapse of a highly centralized state authority, resulting in weeks of virtual anarchy. The rampant looting during this time period, and the inability of U.S.-led forces to control the situation, led to Iraqi resentment. Additionally, the unexpectedly quick implosion of Saddam Hussein's regime meant that the invading forces never engaged and decisively defeated his army in any major battle; the Iraqi army forces simply melted away, often with their weapons, back to their homes. Another cause of resentment was the lack of immediate humanitarian aid and reconstruction efforts for Iraqis suffering from the invasion, the long-term effects of the repression and mismanagement of the Saddam Hussein regime, and international sanctions.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of factions felt suspicious of long-term American intentions; the conduct of some American soldiers also served to heighten tensions.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The de-Ba'athification Commission set up by the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a>, the nature of selection of the Governing Council, and other policy decisions were interpreted by Sunni Arabs as actions intended to single out their community for discrimination; this encouraged the beginnings of sectarian tensions.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2003, after the Iraqi conventional forces had been defeated and disbanded, the U.S. military noticed a gradually increasing flurry of attacks on U.S. troops in various regions of the so-called "<a href="/wiki/Sunni_Triangle" title="Sunni Triangle">Sunni Triangle</a>", especially in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> and in the regions around <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tikrit" title="Tikrit">Tikrit</a>. The U.S. military blamed the attacks on remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'ath Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a> militia. Tensions between U.S. forces and the residents of Fallujah were especially severe, with crowd riots and small skirmishes commonplace. </p><p>Members of insurgent groups came from a variety of sources. Former members of the security services of the Ba'ath regime, former military officers, and some other Ba'ath Party members are cited as members of insurgent groups; indeed, these elements formed the primary backbone of the nascent insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, most former members of the Ba'ath Party and former Iraqi soldiers expressed a willingness to compromise with the Coalition forces. However, many lost their jobs and pensions with the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_2" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2">disbanding of the Iraqi army</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bremer" title="Paul Bremer">Paul Bremer</a>; this, and the unwillingness of the Coalition Provisional Authority to negotiate with former Ba'ath elements, provided impetus for the initial insurgency. While 80% of the army officers were Sunni, the rank and file of the regular army was 80% Shia.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prisoners let out of prison by <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> before his disappearance provided another source both of insurgent recruits and of organized crime factions.<sup id="cite_ref-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abdullah,_T.A.J._2006-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, as O'Hanlan says, the porous borders of Iraq and the subsequent foreign insurgents also bolstered the insurgency.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resistance to U.S.-led forces would not for long be confined to the Sunni regions of Iraq. Between 2003 and 2004, Shiite dissatisfaction with the occupation, especially among the urban poor, had been gradually increasing for some of the same reasons it had been among the Sunnis: the perception that the Coalition had failed to deliver on its promises and a nationalist dissatisfaction with foreign occupation. Many young men without jobs or prospects and who had lost faith with the promises of the U.S. began to become drawn to Shiite religious radicalism, especially of the brand advocated by the cleric <a href="/wiki/Muqtada_al-Sadr" title="Muqtada al-Sadr">Muqtada al-Sadr</a>. Sadr's distinguished family background, and his fiery anti-occupation rhetoric and calls for the implementation of <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Islamic law</a>, caused him to emerge as the leader of this portion of Iraqi Shiite society. In June 2003, after being rejected from a spot on the Iraqi Governing Council, he had created a militia known as the <a href="/wiki/Peace_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Companies">Mahdi Army</a>, whose mission he said was to help keep order and cleanse Iraq of "evil." Since that point, the U.S. had regarded him as a threat, but was divided on whether or not to proceed with a crackdown. Eventually, as Sadr's rhetoric heated and his militia paraded through Sadr City in what seemed like a challenge to the United States, they decided to begin to squeeze his movement. On March 29, they moved to close Sadr's newspaper<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> known as "al-Hawza" and arrested one of his aides on murder charges. That, combined with his steadily decreasing political prospects for success within the U.S.-backed interim government, pushed Sadr to decide for armed revolt. </p><p>On April 4, the Mahdi Army was directed to begin launching attacks on coalition targets and to seize control from the nascent U.S.-trained Iraqi security forces. The Mahdi Army, which by then numbered from 3,000 to 10,000 men, organized quickly escalating violent riots and then a coordinated assault, surprising coalition and Iraqi forces and seizing control of <a href="/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf">Najaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kufa" title="Kufa">Kufa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kut" title="Kut">al-Kut</a>, and parts of Baghdad and southern cities like <a href="/wiki/Nasiriyah" title="Nasiriyah">Nasiriyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amarah" title="Amarah">Amarah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>. A widespread collapse of the Iraqi security forces ensued, with most deserting or defecting to the rebels rather than fighting. Soon, combat was erupting in many urban centers of southern and central portions of Iraq as U.S. forces attempted to maintain control and prepared for a counteroffensive. </p><p>At the same time, the Sunni insurgency was rapidly intensifying. On March 31, 2004, four <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">private military contractors</a> working for the U.S. military were killed and subsequently mutilated by insurgents and a crowd of residents in the city of Fallujah, long a particularly troublesome center of Sunni resistance to the U.S. presence. On the same day, 5 U.S. soldiers were killed by a large IED on a road a few miles outside of the city. The attacks took place as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marines</a> were taking over responsibility for <a href="/wiki/Al_Anbar_Governorate" title="Al Anbar Governorate">al-Anbar province</a>, in which Fallujah is located, from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>. The intended <a href="/wiki/US_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="US Marine Corps">Marine</a> strategy of <a href="/wiki/Patrolling" title="Patrolling">patrols</a>, less aggressive raids, <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">humanitarian aid</a>, and close cooperation with local leaders was quickly suspended and the U.S. decided that it was time for a major assault to clear the city of insurgents. On April 4, U.S. and Iraqi forces launched <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Operation Vigilant Resolve</a> to retake the city, which had clearly fallen completely into rebel hands. They met very stiff and well-organized resistance from the guerrillas. After three days of fighting with the U.S. Marines, the insurgents still held three-quarters of the city. Cases of widespread reach and planning, suggesting national insurgent coordination, were noted. Hundreds of insurgents cut the road between Fallujah and Baghdad to the east, while west of Fallujah in <a href="/wiki/Ramadi" title="Ramadi">Ramadi</a>, over 150 insurgents launched an offensive against U.S. Marine positions. A similar attack followed, conducted by about 150 insurgents, against U.S. Marines near the Syrian border in <a href="/wiki/Al-Qa%27im_(town)" title="Al-Qa'im (town)">al-Qaim</a>. The assaults were beaten back, but the U.S. toll from the combined attacks numbered in the dozens. Political pressure began to build on the United States and the Governing Council of Iraq as the hospital of Fallujah continued to report high numbers of civilian casualties, inflaming further the Iraqi people and Muslim world in general. After two weeks of fighting, the U.S. Marines were on the verge of capturing, but had not yet taken central control of, the city of Fallujah. Pentagon leaders, fearing that continuing the effort to capture the city might further inflame a larger revolt against Coalition authority, pulled back the forces. The Marines were ordered to stand-down and cordon off the city on April 30, where they would remain in a perimeter around the city for the following six months. A compromise on April 30 was reached in order to ensure security within Fallujah itself by creating the "Fallujah Brigade", a unit that drew from former members of Iraq's Army, local volunteers, and even the insurgents themselves. The unit's formation was part of a truce negotiation. This unit was to act under the control of the Coalition Provisional Authority, patrol alongside the Iraqi Police and National Guardsmen but maintain its autonomy. The Fallujah Brigade had many former Saddam loyalists. From various reports, Brigade members re-integrated themselves into the insurgent outfits that dominated.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city remained under the control of insurgent forces. Reportedly, <a href="/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi" title="Abu Musab al-Zarqawi">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi</a>'s organization was among the several that exercised some authority in the area. </p><p>By the end of the spring uprising, the cities of Fallujah, <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baqubah" title="Baqubah">Baquba</a>, and Ramadi had been left under Sunni guerrilla control with American patrols in the cities ceased. The insurgency had undergone another major shift, as insurgent organizations now had safe havens in cities such as Fallujah to develop and coordinate with each other. Zarqawi's group and its allies were in a period of uneasy cooperation with other insurgent groups dominated by nationalist and Ba'athist agendas, although the groups increasingly came into competition for territory within Sunni insurgent-controlled areas. U.S. forces launched only occasional armored forays into Samarra and Baquba, while about half a dozen small forts were maintained by the U.S. Marines in Ramadi, with the surrounding territory in the city controlled by rebels. American ground forces remained outside of Fallujah, though regular air strikes were conducted on alleged safehouses of <a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's followers</a> in the city. With the battle for Fallujah over, the Sunni insurgency continued against the U.S. forces remaining outside these cities as the guerrillas resumed their tactics of using IED's and mortars to attack U.S. forces indirectly, for the most part avoiding direct combat. </p><p>Meanwhile, the fighting continued in the Shiite south. Over the next three months, over 1,500 Mahdi Army militiamen, several hundred civilians, and dozens of coalition soldiers were killed as the U.S. gradually took back the southern cities. On June 6, a truce was reached, temporarily ending the fighting. </p><p>On June 28, 2004, the occupation was formally ended by the Coalition, which transferred power to a new <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Iraqi government</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iraq" title="Prime Minister of Iraq">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayad_Allawi" title="Ayad Allawi">Ayad Allawi</a>. Although many Iraqis were optimistic about the government, militants saw it as little more than an American puppet and continued the fight unabated. On July 18, guerrillas offered a $285,000 reward for Allawi's assassination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sectarian_civil_war">Sectarian civil war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sectarian civil war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Civil_War_(2006%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008)">Iraqi Civil War (2006–2008)</a></div> <p>In February 2006, unknown assailants <a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">bombed</a> the minarets of <a href="/wiki/Al-Askari_Shrine" title="Al-Askari Shrine">al-Askari Mosque</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samarra" title="Samarra">Samarra</a>, which is regarded as a holy site by Twelver Shi'ites. While no group claimed responsibility, U.S. military and <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Transitional_Government" title="Iraqi Transitional Government">Iraqi Transitional government</a> officials attributed the attacks to Sunni militants linked to <a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident set off a wave of Shi'a assaults against Sunnis followed by Sunni counterattacks.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conflict escalated over the next several months until by 2007, the <a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Estimate" title="National Intelligence Estimate">National Intelligence Estimate</a> described the situation as having elements of a <a href="/wiki/Civil_war" title="Civil war">civil war</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008 and 2009, during the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Sunni Awakening</a> and following a <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">surge in US soldiers</a> stationed in the country, violence declined dramatically.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, low-level <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">strife</a> continued to plague Iraq until the U.S. withdrawal in late 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2006, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR) and the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Iraq" title="Politics of Iraq">Iraqi government</a> estimated that more than 370,000 Iraqis had been displaced since the 2006 bombing of the al-Askari Mosque, bringing the total number of Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugees</a> to more than 1.6 million.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2008, the UNHCR raised the estimate of refugees to a total of about 4.7 million (~16% of the population). The number of refugees estimated abroad was 2 million (a number close to CIA projections<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the number of internally displaced people was 2.7 million.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimated number of orphans across Iraq has ranged from 400,000 (according to the Baghdad Provincial Council), to five million (according to Iraq's anti-corruption board). A UN report from 2008 placed the number of orphans at about 870,000.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement" title="International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">Red Cross</a> stated in 2008 that Iraq's humanitarian situation was among the most critical in the world, with millions of Iraqis forced to rely on insufficient and poor-quality water sources.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Fragile_States_Index" title="Fragile States Index">Failed States Index</a>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> magazine and the <a href="/wiki/Fund_for_Peace" title="Fund for Peace">Fund for Peace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> was one of the world's top 5 unstable states from 2005 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poll of top U.S. foreign policy experts conducted in 2007 showed that over the next 10 years, just 3% of experts believed the U.S. would be able to rebuild Iraq into a "beacon of democracy" and 58% of experts believed that Sunni–Shiite tensions would dramatically increase in the Middle East.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two polls of Americans conducted in 2006 found that between 65% and 85% believed <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> was in a civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a similar poll of Iraqis conducted in 2007 found that 61% did not believe that they were in a civil war.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Withdrawal_of_western_coalition_forces">Withdrawal of western coalition forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Withdrawal of western coalition forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)</a></div> <p>The withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forces_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="United States Forces – Iraq">U.S. military forces</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> was a contentious issue in the United States for much of the 2000s. As the war progressed from its initial invasion phase in 2003 to a nearly decade-long occupation, American public opinion shifted towards favoring a troop withdrawal; in May 2007, 55% of Americans believed that the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> was a mistake, and 51% of registered voters favored troop withdrawal.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late April 2007 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> passed a supplementary spending bill for Iraq that set a deadline for troop withdrawal but <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President Bush</a> vetoed this bill, citing his concerns about setting a withdrawal deadline.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bush Administration later sought an agreement with the Iraqi government, and in 2008 <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement</a>. It included a deadline of 31 December 2011, before which "all the United States Forces shall withdraw from all Iraqi territory".<sup id="cite_ref-President_Bush_Whitehouse_Website_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-President_Bush_Whitehouse_Website-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_State_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_State-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last U.S. troops left Iraq on 18 December 2011, in accordance with this agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-President_Bush_Whitehouse_Website_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-President_Bush_Whitehouse_Website-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_State_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_State-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iraqi_insurgency_(2011–2013)"><span id="Iraqi_insurgency_.282011.E2.80.932013.29"></span>Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a> and <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_Iraqi_protests" title="2012–2013 Iraqi protests">2012–2013 Iraqi protests</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)"><span id="War_in_Iraq_.282013.E2.80.932017.29"></span>War in Iraq (2013–2017)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: War in Iraq (2013–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2013%E2%80%932014)" title="Anbar campaign (2013–2014)">Anbar campaign (2013–2014)</a> and <a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></div> <p>The military campaigns launched by the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State of Iraq and Levant</a> in late 2013 were very successful, and the group took swathes of territory in northern Iraq during 2014. Violence reached very high levels, with 1,775 people killed in the month of June alone. These figures remained very high for the remainder of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/2017_Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a> occurred in and around the <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan" title="Iraqi Kurdistan">Kurdish region</a> of northern <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> that began on 15 October 2017, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/2017_Kurdistan_Region_independence_referendum" title="2017 Kurdistan Region independence referendum">independence referendum</a> was held on September 25. After the independence referendum, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Haider_al-Abadi" title="Haider al-Abadi">Haider al-Abadi</a> demanded the referendum to be canceled. In October, the Iraqi military moved into the Kurdistan region after the entry of the Islamic State. On 16 October 2017, the Kurdish <a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a> ignored a deadline given by Iraq to withdraw. This led to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(2017)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (2017)">Battle of Kirkuk (2017)</a>, and Iraqi forces and Iranian-backed PMU retaking Kirkuk and its province on 15 October 2017. Within 15 hours, the city of <a href="/wiki/Kirkuk" title="Kirkuk">Kirkuk</a> and the nearby <a href="/wiki/K-1_Air_Base" title="K-1 Air Base">K-1 Air Base</a>, along with surrounding oilfields, were retaken by Iraqi forces. This resulted in the conflict's end. </p><p>On December 9, 2017, the last areas held by the Islamic State in the al-Jazira Desert were captured by the Iraqi military. Prime minister Haider al-Abadi announced the military defeat of the Islamic State in Iraq. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Continued_Islamic_State_insurgency_(2017–present)"><span id="Continued_Islamic_State_insurgency_.282017.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Continued Islamic State insurgency (2017–present)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Continued Islamic State insurgency (2017–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)</a></div> <p>Following IS's defeat in December 2017, the group has continued an insurgency mostly in the rural parts of the country. However they have been greatly weakened and violence in Iraq has been sharply reduced in 2018. 95 people died during the month of May 2018 from violence-related crimes, the lowest figure in 10 years.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clashes_between_Shia_militia_groups_(since_2023)"><span id="Clashes_between_Shia_militia_groups_.28since_2023.29"></span>Clashes between Shia militia groups (since 2023)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Clashes between Shia militia groups (since 2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Clashes occurred between <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia</a> <a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">militias</a>, starting on 25 December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria (2023–present)">Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria (2023–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_unrest_in_Kirkuk" title="2023 unrest in Kirkuk">2023 unrest in Kirkuk</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iraqi_conflict&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/9/11/iraq-ancient-ruins-open-up-to-tourism-after-is-atrocities">"Photos: Iraq UNESCO site opens to tourists after years of strife"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bush+Administration+May+Not+Get+Iraq+Security+Deal+Before+End+Term&rft.date=2008-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F2008%2F06%2F09%2Fbush-admin-may-not-get-iraq-security-deal-before-end-term%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+conflict" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/us-troops-complete-their-withdrawal-from-iraq/story-e6frf7jx-1226225154019">"US troops complete their withdrawal from Iraq"</a>. <i>Herald Sun</i>. Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304204059/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/us-troops-complete-their-withdrawal-from-iraq/story-e6frf7jx-1226225154019">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=US+troops+complete+their+withdrawal+from+Iraq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2Fus-troops-complete-their-withdrawal-from-iraq%2Fstory-e6frf7jx-1226225154019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+conflict" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=9155:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-may-2018&Itemid=633&lang=en">"UN Casualty Figures for Iraq for the Month of May 2018"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145439/http://www.uniraq.org/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=9155:un-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-may-2018&Itemid=633&lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Casualty+Figures+for+Iraq+for+the+Month+of+May+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniraq.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_k2%26view%3Ditem%26id%3D9155%3Aun-casualty-figures-for-iraq-for-the-month-of-may-2018%26Itemid%3D633%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+conflict" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdobs.com/archive/featured/violence-in-iraq-at-lowest-level-in-10-years/">"Violence in Iraq at Lowest Level in 10 years"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822045957/http://www.cdobs.com/archive/featured/violence-in-iraq-at-lowest-level-in-10-years/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Violence+in+Iraq+at+Lowest+Level+in+10+years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdobs.com%2Farchive%2Ffeatured%2Fviolence-in-iraq-at-lowest-level-in-10-years%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+conflict" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrahim2024" class="citation web cs1">Ebrahim, Hudhaifa (2024-02-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://themedialine.org/by-region/daily-clashes-between-iran-backed-militias-in-iraq-kill-over-200-fighters/">"Daily Clashes Between Iran-Backed Militias in Iraq Kill Over 200 Fighters"</a>. <i>The Media Line</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Media+Line&rft.atitle=Daily+Clashes+Between+Iran-Backed+Militias+in+Iraq+Kill+Over+200+Fighters&rft.date=2024-02-21&rft.aulast=Ebrahim&rft.aufirst=Hudhaifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemedialine.org%2Fby-region%2Fdaily-clashes-between-iran-backed-militias-in-iraq-kill-over-200-fighters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIraqi+conflict" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Iraq_War" title="Template:Iraq War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iraq_War" title="Template talk:Iraq War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iraq War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iraq_War_(2003–2011)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> (2003–2011)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Beginning of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Iraqi conflict</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prelude" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Prelude to the Iraq War">Prelude</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Iranian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ba%27ath_Party_Purge" title="1979 Ba'ath Party Purge">1979 Ba'ath Party Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="British support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">British</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_support_for_Iraq_during_the_Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War">U.S. support for Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_attacks_against_Iran" title="Iraqi chemical attacks against Iran">Chemical attacks against Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfal_campaign" title="Anfal campaign">Anfal campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Contra_affair" title="Iran–Contra affair">Iran–Contra affair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990–2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_invasion_of_Kuwait" title="Iraqi invasion of Kuwait">Invasion of Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayirah_testimony" title="Nayirah testimony">Nayirah testimony</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iraq">Sanctions against Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_no-fly_zones_conflict" title="Iraqi no-fly zones conflict">No-fly zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_uprisings" title="1991 Iraqi uprisings">1991 uprisings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNSCOM" class="mw-redirect" title="UNSCOM">UNSCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms-to-Iraq_affair" title="Arms-to-Iraq affair">Arms-to-Iraq affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Programme" title="Oil-for-Food Programme">Oil-for-Food Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oil-for-Food_Program_Hearings" title="Oil-for-Food Program Hearings">Investigations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_September_11_attacks" title="Aftermath of the September 11 attacks">Aftermath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">2001 anthrax attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">U.S. War in Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Afghanistan" title="United States invasion of Afghanistan">Invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War" title="Rationale for the Iraq War">Rationale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">WMD claims</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries" title="Niger uranium forgeries">Yellowcake uranium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_aluminum_tubes" title="Iraqi aluminum tubes">Aluminum tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_biological_weapons_program" title="Iraqi biological weapons program">Biological weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_chemical_weapons_program" title="Iraqi chemical weapons program">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curveball_(informant)" title="Curveball (informant)">"Curveball"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_Iraqi_mobile_weapons_laboratories" title="Allegations of Iraqi mobile weapons laboratories">Mobile weapon labs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam%E2%80%93al-Qaeda_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory">Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2001_anthrax_attacks#Al-Qaeda_and_Iraq_blamed_for_attacks" title="2001 anthrax attacks">Anthrax claims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Atta%27s_alleged_Prague_connection" title="Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Green_ricin_plot" title="Wood Green ricin plot">Ricin claims</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rationale_for_the_Iraq_War#Oil" title="Rationale for the Iraq War">Oil as a possible rationale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfowitz_Doctrine" title="Wolfowitz Doctrine">Wolfowitz Doctrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell%27s_presentation_to_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Colin Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council">Colin Powell's UN presentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_disarmament_crisis" title="Iraq disarmament crisis">Disarmament crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Monitoring,_Verification_and_Inspection_Commission" title="United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission">UNMOVIC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failed_Iraqi_peace_initiatives" title="Failed Iraqi peace initiatives">Failed peace initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_2002" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002">Iraq resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/British_parliamentary_approval_for_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="British parliamentary approval for the invasion of Iraq">UK parliament's support for invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Legality of the Iraq War">Legality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimacy of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Legitimacy of the invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Media coverage of the Iraq War">Media coverage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_military_analyst_program" title="Pentagon military analyst program">Military analyst program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentagon_rapid_response_operation" title="Pentagon rapid response operation">Rapid response operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein%27s_alleged_shredder" title="Saddam Hussein's alleged shredder">Saddam's alleged shredder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preemptive_war" title="Preemptive war">Preemptive war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq">Saddam Hussein and human rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dossiers<br />and memos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habbush_letter" title="Habbush letter">Habbush letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_memo" title="Downing Street memo">Downing Street memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_Dossier" title="September Dossier">September Dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_letter" title="Vilnius letter">Vilnius letter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_letter_of_the_eight" title="The letter of the eight">Letter of the eight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush%E2%80%93Blair_2003_Iraq_memo" title="Bush–Blair 2003 Iraq memo">Bush–Blair 2003 memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Dossier" title="Iraq Dossier">February Dossier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush%E2%80%93Aznar_memo" title="Bush–Aznar memo">Bush–Aznar memo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Overview" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overview</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">Insurgency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2006)">2003–06 period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Anbar campaign (2003–2011)">Anbar campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Fallujah during the Iraq War">Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein">Capture of Saddam Hussein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interrogation_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Interrogation of Saddam Hussein">Interrogation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Trial of Saddam Hussein">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Execution of Saddam Hussein">Execution</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_execution_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein">Reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">2006 al-Askari mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_civil_war_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Iraqi civil war (2006–2008)">Civil war (2006–08)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">2007 U.S. troop surge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Timeline of the Iraq War troop surge of 2007">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">U.S. withdrawal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of forces agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">Invasion<br />(2003)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Timeline of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preparations_for_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Preparations for 2003 invasion of Iraq">Preparations for invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-National_Force_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Multi-National Force – Iraq">Multi-National Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Battle of Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Fall of Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Battle of Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firdos_Square_statue_destruction" title="Firdos Square statue destruction">Firdos Square statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq">US public opinion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation<br />(2003–2011)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_occupation_of_Ramadi" title="American occupation of Ramadi">Occupation of Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Ba%27athification" title="De-Ba'athification">De-Ba'athification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Orders" title="100 Orders">100 Orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_2" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 2">CPA Order 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority_Order_17" title="Coalition Provisional Authority Order 17">CPA Order 17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_installations_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military installations in Iraq">U.S. military bases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwater_(company)#Role_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Blackwater (company)">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investment_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Investment in post-invasion Iraq">Reconstruction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_Fund_for_Iraq" title="Development Fund for Iraq">Development Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_reform_of_Iraq" title="Economic reform of Iraq">Economic reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Assistance_Mission_for_Iraq" title="United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq">UNAMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qa%27qaa_high_explosives_controversy" title="Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy">Al Qa'qaa high explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_kill_or_capture_strategy_in_Iraq" title="United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq">U.S. kill or capture strategy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Replacementgovernments" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Administrative_Law_(Iraq)" title="Transitional Administrative Law (Iraq)">Replacement<br />governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Provisional_Authority" title="Coalition Provisional Authority">Coalition Provisional Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Governing_Council" title="Iraqi Governing Council">Iraqi Governing Council</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Interim_Government" title="Iraqi Interim Government">Interim Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Iraqi_parliamentary_election" title="January 2005 Iraqi parliamentary election">2005 parliamentary elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Transitional_Government" title="Iraqi Transitional Government">Transitional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Iraq" title="Constitution of Iraq">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Iraqi_constitutional_referendum" title="2005 Iraqi constitutional referendum">Ratification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Participants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Combatants_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Combatants of the Iraq War">Participants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Australian involvement in the Iraq War">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancon/Irak" title="Dancon/Irak">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Georgian involvement in the Iraq War">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Iranian involvement in the Iraq War">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Italian involvement in the Iraq War">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Iraq_Reconstruction_and_Support_Group" title="Japanese Iraq Reconstruction and Support Group">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Polish involvement in the Iraq War">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaytun_Division" title="Zaytun Division">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Humanitarian_Assistance_Task_Force_976_Thai-Iraq" title="Thai Humanitarian Assistance Task Force 976 Thai-Iraq">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="Ukrainian involvement in the Iraq War">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_involvement_in_the_Iraq_War" title="British involvement in the Iraq War">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insurgent<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sunni<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Iraqi_Resistance" title="Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance">Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Jeish Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq" title="Islamic State of Iraq">Islamic State of Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna" title="Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna">Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Banner_Organization" title="Black Banner Organization">Black Banner Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefulness_and_Holy_War" title="Wakefulness and Holy War">Wakefulness and Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Theeb" title="Abu Theeb">Abu Theeb</a>'s group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Al-Salafi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army">Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Mujahideen Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shia<br />groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_Army" title="Mahdi Army">Mahdi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a>'s militia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Supreme_Council_of_Iraq" title="Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq">Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheibani_Network" title="Sheibani Network">Sheibani Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Heaven" title="Soldiers of Heaven">Soldiers of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ba'ath<br />loyalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Battles_and_operations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Battles and <a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">operations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ancient_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ancient Babylon">Ancient Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Catalyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Scorpion_(Iraq_2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Scorpion (Iraq 2003)">Desert Scorpion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Thrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Thrust">Desert Thrust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_contribution_to_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian contribution to the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Falconer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2003)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2003)">Iron Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Iron Justice">Iron Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_Blizzard" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ivy Blizzard">Ivy Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Northern_Delay" title="Operation Northern Delay">Northern Delay</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Airborne_Dragon" title="Operation Airborne Dragon">Airborne Dragon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Panther_Squeeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Panther Squeeze">Panther Squeeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Peninsula_Strike" title="Operation Peninsula Strike">Peninsula Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Planet_X" title="Operation Planet X">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Saddam_Hussein" title="Capture of Saddam Hussein">Capture of Saddam Hussein (Red Dawn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Telic" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Telic">Telic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bulldog_Mammoth" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Bulldog Mammoth">Bulldog Mammoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Saber" title="Operation Iron Saber">Iron Saber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">New Dawn (Al Fajr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Phantom Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Linebacker" title="Operation Phantom Linebacker">Phantom Linebacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Plymouth_Rock" title="Operation Plymouth Rock">Plymouth Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Vigilant Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warrior%27s_Rage" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Warrior's Rage">Warrior's Rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Able_Rising_Force" title="Operation Able Rising Force">Able Rising Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Able_Warrior" title="Operation Able Warrior">Able Warrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cyclone" title="Operation Cyclone">Cyclone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Hammer_(Iraq_2005)" title="Operation Iron Hammer (Iraq 2005)">Iron Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_New_Market" title="Operation New Market">New Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spear" title="Operation Spear">Spear (Romhe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Squeeze_Play" title="Operation Squeeze Play">Squeeze Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Steel_Curtain" title="Operation Steel Curtain">Steel Curtain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Al_Majid" title="Operation Al Majid">Al Majid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gaugamela" title="Operation Gaugamela">Gaugamela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Guardian_Tiger_IV" title="Operation Guardian Tiger IV">Guardian Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Triangle" title="Operation Iron Triangle">Iron Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_River_Falcon" title="Operation River Falcon">River Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sinbad" title="Operation Sinbad">Sinbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Swarmer" title="Operation Swarmer">Swarmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Together_Forward" title="Operation Together Forward">Together Forward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Alljah" title="Operation Alljah">Alljah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arbead_II" title="Operation Arbead II">Arbead II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ardennes" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Ardennes">Ardennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Black_Eagle" title="Operation Black Eagle">Black Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Commando_Eagle" title="Operation Commando Eagle">Commando Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Forsythe_Park" title="Operation Forsythe Park">Forsythe Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Imposing_Law" title="Operation Imposing Law">Imposing Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Leyte_Gulf" title="Operation Leyte Gulf">Leyte Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marne_Avalanche" title="Operation Marne Avalanche">Marne Avalanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Marne_Torch" title="Operation Marne Torch">Marne Torch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Mawtini" title="Operation Mawtini">Mawtini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Strike" title="Operation Phantom Strike">Phantom Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Thunder" title="Operation Phantom Thunder">Phantom Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Polar_Tempest" title="Operation Polar Tempest">Polar Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Purple_Haze" title="Operation Purple Haze">Purple Haze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Saber_Guardian" title="Operation Saber Guardian">Saber Guardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Sledgehammer_(2007)" title="Operation Sledgehammer (2007)">Sledgehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Stampede_3" title="Operation Stampede 3">Stampede 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tiger_Hammer" title="Operation Tiger Hammer">Tiger Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Valiant_Guardian" title="Operation Valiant Guardian">Valiant Guardian (Harris Ba'sil)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Defeat_Al_Qaeda_in_the_North" title="Operation Defeat Al Qaeda in the North">Defeat Al Qaeda in the North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Augurs_of_Prosperity" title="Operation Augurs of Prosperity">Augurs of Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Phantom_Phoenix" title="Operation Phantom Phoenix">Phantom Phoenix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War#2010:_US_drawdown_and_Operation_New_Dawn" title="Iraq War">New Dawn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Invasion" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Invasion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Qasr" title="Battle of Umm Qasr">Umm Qasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Faw_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Faw (2003)">Al Faw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2003)" title="Battle of Basra (2003)">Basra I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasiriyah" title="Battle of Nasiriyah">Nasiriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_attack_on_Karbala" title="2003 attack on Karbala">Karbala I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha_Dam" title="Battle of Haditha Dam">Haditha Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2003)" title="Battle of Najaf (2003)">Najaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samawah_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Samawah (2003)">Samawah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2003)" title="Battle of Karbala (2003)">Karbala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Kut_(2003)" title="Battle of Al Kut (2003)">Al Kut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hillah_(2003)" title="Battle of Hillah (2003)">Hillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Karbala_Gap_(2003)" title="Battle of the Karbala Gap (2003)">Karbala Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Debecka_Pass" title="Battle of Debecka Pass">Debecka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2003)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2003)">Baghdad I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Majar_al-Kabir" title="Battle of Majar al-Kabir">Majar al-Kabir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Offensive_(2003)" title="Ramadan Offensive (2003)">Ramadan Offensive</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_spring_fighting" title="2004 Iraq spring fighting">Spring fighting</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_of_the_Karbala_City_Hall" title="Defense of the Karbala City Hall">Karbala City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sadr_City" title="Siege of Sadr City">Siege of Sadr City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2004)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2004)">Ramadi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Good_Friday_ambush" title="2004 Good Friday ambush">Good Friday ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_International_Airport" title="Battle of Baghdad International Airport">Baghdad International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Husaybah_(2004)" title="Battle of Husaybah (2004)">Husaybah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danny_Boy" title="Battle of Danny Boy">Danny Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2004)" title="Battle of Najaf (2004)">Najaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_CIMIC_House" title="Battle of the CIMIC House">CIMIC House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(2004)" title="Battle of Samarra (2004)">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Fallujah II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mosul_(2004)" title="Battle of Mosul (2004)">Mosul</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tharthar_raid" title="Lake Tharthar raid">Lake Tharthar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abu_Ghraib" title="Battle of Abu Ghraib">Abu Ghraib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Qa%27im_(2005)" title="Battle of Al-Qa'im (2005)">Al-Qa'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Hit_convoy_ambush" title="2005 Hit convoy ambush">Hit convoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haditha" title="Battle of Haditha">Haditha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tal_Afar_(2005)" title="Battle of Tal Afar (2005)">Tal Afar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(2006%E2%80%932008)" title="Battle of Baghdad (2006–2008)">Baghdad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ramadi_(2006)" title="Battle of Ramadi (2006)">Ramadi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diwaniya" title="Battle of Diwaniya">Diwaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Rumaythah" title="Battle of Al Rumaythah">Al Rumaythah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amarah" title="Battle of Amarah">Amarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turki" title="Battle of Turki">Turki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_Street" title="Battle of Haifa Street">Haifa Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid" title="Karbala provincial headquarters raid">Karbala provincial HQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Najaf_(2007)" title="Battle of Najaf (2007)">Najaf III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Shurta_Nasir" title="Operation Shurta Nasir">Shurta Nasir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2007)" title="Battle of Basra (2007)">Basra II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baqubah" title="Battle of Baqubah">Baqubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Route_Bismarck" title="Battle of Route Bismarck">Route Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Donkey_Island" title="Battle of Donkey Island">Donkey Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala_(2007)" title="Battle of Karbala (2007)">Karbala III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraq_spring_fighting" title="2008 Iraq spring fighting">Spring fighting</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Iraqi_Day_of_Ashura_fighting" title="2008 Iraqi Day of Ashura fighting">Iraqi Day of Ashura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Nineveh_campaign" title="2008 Nineveh campaign">Nineveh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basra_(2008)" title="Battle of Basra (2008)">Basra III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_al-Qaeda_offensive_in_Iraq" title="2008 al-Qaeda offensive in Iraq">Al-Qaeda offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Palm_Grove" title="Battle of the Palm Grove">Palm Grove</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_operations_in_northern_Iraq" title="List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq">Turkish incursions into northern Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2007_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="December 2007 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Turkish_incursion_into_northern_Iraq" title="2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq">2008</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Abu_Kamal_raid" title="2008 Abu Kamal raid">Abu Kamal raid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="War_crimes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">War crimes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Occupation_forces" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Killings and<br />massacres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq#War_crimes_and_allegations" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">During the 2003 invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2003_journalist_killings_by_the_United_States" title="April 2003 journalist killings by the United States">U.S. killings of journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallujah_killings_of_April_2003" title="Fallujah killings of April 2003">Fallujah killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nadhem_Abdullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Nadhem Abdullah">Killing of Nadhem Abdullah</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Muhamad_Husain_Kadir" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir">Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukaradeeb_wedding_party_massacre" title="Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre">Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa_Street_helicopter_incident" title="Haifa Street helicopter incident">Haifa Street helicopter incident</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2005_Tal_Afar_shootings" title="January 2005 Tal Afar shootings">Tal Afar shootings</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_prison_incident" title="Basra prison incident">Basra prison incident</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haditha_massacre" title="Haditha massacre">Haditha massacre</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudiyah_rape_and_killings" title="Mahmudiyah rape and killings">Mahmudiyah rape and killings</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaqi_massacre" title="Ishaqi massacre">Ishaqi massacre</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hatley#2006_Deployment_and_murder_allegations" title="John E. Hatley">Baghdad detainee killings</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdania_incident" title="Hamdania incident">Hamdania incident</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_J._Moonen#Shooting_incident" title="Andrew J. Moonen">Iraqi bodyguard killing</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Iron_Triangle" title="Operation Iron Triangle">Iron Triangle Murders</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12,_2007,_Baghdad_airstrike" title="July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike">Baghdad airstrike</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisour_Square_massacre" title="Nisour Square massacre">Nisour Square massacre</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_documents_leak" title="Iraq War documents leak">Iraq War Logs</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemical<br />weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_phosphorus_munitions#Use_by_US_forces_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="White phosphorus munitions">Use of white phosphorus by the United States</a> (2004–05)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torture<br />and abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghraib_torture_and_prisoner_abuse" title="Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse">Abu Ghraib prison</a> (2003–06)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Bucca" title="Camp Bucca">Camp Bucca</a> (2003–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Nama" title="Camp Nama">Camp Nama</a> (2003–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balad_Air_Base#Structure" title="Balad Air Base">Balad Air Base</a> (2003–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Nagem_Hatab" title="Death of Nagem Hatab">Death of Nagem Hatab</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Baha_Mousa" title="Killing of Baha Mousa">Killing of Baha Mousa</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abed_Hamed_Mowhoush" title="Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush">Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manadel_al-Jamadi" title="Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi">Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Fashad_Mohamed" title="Death of Fashad Mohamed">Death of Fashad Mohamed</a> (2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">§ <a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War">Other killings<br />and bombings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_bombing_of_Jordanian_embassy_in_Baghdad" class="mw-redirect" title="2003 bombing of Jordanian embassy in Baghdad">Jordanian embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Hotel_bombing" title="Canal Hotel bombing">Canal Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Ali_mosque_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Ali mosque bombing">Imam Ali mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_October_2003_Baghdad_bombings" title="27 October 2003 Baghdad bombings">Baghdad October 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Erbil_bombings" title="2004 Erbil bombings">Erbil 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Ashura_massacre" title="2004 Ashura massacre">Ashura massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21_April_2004_Basra_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="21 April 2004 Basra bombings">Basra 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Mosul_bombings" title="2004 Mosul bombings">Mosul 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_attacks_on_churches_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 attacks on churches in Iraq">2004 church bombings</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="14 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">14 September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_September_2004_Baghdad_bombing" title="30 September 2004 Baghdad bombing">30 September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Karbala_and_Najaf_bombings" title="2004 Karbala and Najaf bombings">Karbala and Najaf bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Baqubah_bombing" title="2004 Baqubah bombing">Baqubah 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Kufa_mosque_bombing" title="2004 Kufa mosque bombing">Kufa mosque bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2005 Al Hillah bombing">Al Hillah 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Erbil_bombing" title="2005 Erbil bombing">Erbil 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Musayyib_bombing" title="2005 Musayyib bombing">Musayyib bombing</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2005 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_September_2005_Baghdad_bombings" title="14 September 2005 Baghdad bombings">September</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Balad_bombings" title="2005 Balad bombings">Balad 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Khanaqin_bombings" title="2005 Khanaqin bombings">Khanaqin bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_January_2006_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="5 January 2006 Iraq bombings">Karbala and Ramadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2006 al-Askari mosque bombing">Al-Askari mosque 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buratha_mosque_bombing" title="Buratha mosque bombing">Buratha mosque bombing</a></li> <li>Sadr City bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_July_2006_Sadr_City_bombing" title="1 July 2006 Sadr City bombing">July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23_November_2006_Sadr_City_bombings" title="23 November 2006 Sadr City bombings">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayy_Al-Jihad_massacre" title="Hayy Al-Jihad massacre">Hayy Al-Jihad massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustansiriya_University_bombings" title="Mustansiriya University bombings">Mustansiriya University</a></li> <li>Baghdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/22_January_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="22 January 2007 Baghdad bombings">22 January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_February_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="3 February 2007 Baghdad market bombing">3 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="12 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">12 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_February_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 February 2007 Baghdad bombings">18 February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/29_March_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="29 March 2007 Baghdad bombings">29 March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_April_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="18 April 2007 Baghdad bombings">18 April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_July_2007_Baghdad_market_bombing" title="26 July 2007 Baghdad market bombing">26 July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_August_2007_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 August 2007 Baghdad bombings">1 August</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Hillah_bombings" title="2007 Al Hillah bombings">Al Hillah 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Tal_Afar_bombings_and_massacre" title="2007 Tal Afar bombings and massacre">Tal Afar 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraqi_Parliament_bombing" title="2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing">Iraqi Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Karbala_mosque_bombings" title="2007 Karbala mosque bombings">2007 Karbala mosque bombings</a></li> <li>Massacres of Yazidis <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2007_Yazidi_massacre" title="April 2007 Yazidi massacre">April massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qahtaniyah_bombings" title="Qahtaniyah bombings">Qahtaniyah bombings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Makhmour_bombing" title="2007 Makhmour bombing">Makhmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sayda_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Sayda bombing">Abu Sayda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Askari_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Askari mosque bombing">Al-Askari mosque 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_al-Khilani_mosque_bombing" title="2007 al-Khilani mosque bombing">Al-Khilani mosque bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Amirli_bombing" title="2007 Amirli bombing">Amirli bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Kirkuk_bombings" title="2007 Kirkuk bombings">Kirkuk 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Al_Amarah_bombings" title="2007 Al Amarah bombings">Al Amarah bombings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_February_2008_Baghdad_bombings" title="1 February 2008 Baghdad bombings">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_March_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="6 March 2008 Baghdad bombing">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_June_2008_Baghdad_bombing" title="17 June 2008 Baghdad bombing">June</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_bombing" title="2008 Balad bombing">Balad 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Karbala_bombing" title="2008 Karbala bombing">Karbala 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Karmah_bombing" title="2008 Karmah bombing">Al-Karmah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Dujail_bombing" title="2008 Dujail bombing">Dujail bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Balad_Ruz_bombing" title="2008 Balad Ruz bombing">Balad Ruz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_attacks_on_Christians_in_Mosul" title="2008 attacks on Christians in Mosul">Attacks on Christians in Mosul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_police_recruitment_centre_bombing" title="2009 Baghdad police recruitment centre bombing">March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="2009 Baghdad bombings">6 April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2009_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2009 Baghdad bombing">June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="August 2009 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2009 Baghdad bombings">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2009_Baghdad_bombings" title="December 2009 Baghdad bombings">December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2009_Baghdad%E2%80%93Miqdadiyah_suicide_attacks" title="April 2009 Baghdad–Miqdadiyah suicide attacks">Baghdad–Miqdadiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Taza_bombing" title="2009 Taza bombing">Taza bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Kirkuk_bombing" title="2009 Kirkuk bombing">Kirkuk 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Tal_Afar_bombing" title="2009 Tal Afar bombing">Tal Afar 2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nationwide attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/10_May_2010_Iraq_attacks" title="10 May 2010 Iraq attacks">10 May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/25_August_2010_Iraq_bombings" title="25 August 2010 Iraq bombings">25 August</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/25_January_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="25 January 2010 Baghdad bombings">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_February_2010_Baghdad_bombing" title="1 February 2010 Baghdad bombing">February</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="April 2010 Baghdad bombings">April</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_August_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="17 August 2010 Baghdad bombings">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_September_2010_Baghdad_bombings" title="19 September 2010 Baghdad bombings">September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_November_2010_Baghdad_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="2 November 2010 Baghdad bombings">November</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baqubah_bombings" title="2010 Baqubah bombings">Baqubah 2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Baghdad_church_massacre" title="2010 Baghdad church massacre">Baghdad church massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nationwide attacks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2011_Iraq_suicide_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="January 2011 Iraq suicide attacks">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_August_2011_Iraq_attacks" title="15 August 2011 Iraq attacks">August</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bagdad bombings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/27_January_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="27 January 2011 Baghdad bombing">January</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_August_2011_Baghdad_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="28 August 2011 Baghdad bombing">August</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2011_Baghdad_bombings" title="October 2011 Baghdad bombings">October</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_January_2011_Iraq_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="24 January 2011 Iraq bombings">Arba'een bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Tikrit_assault" title="2011 Tikrit assault">Tikrit assault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Hillah_bombing" title="2011 Al Hillah bombing">Al Hillah 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Samarra_bombing" title="2011 Samarra bombing">Samarra bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Al_Diwaniyah_bombing" title="2011 Al Diwaniyah bombing">Al Diwaniyah bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Taji_bombings" title="2011 Taji bombings">Taji bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Karbala_bombing" title="2011 Karbala bombing">Karbala 2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Basra_bombings" title="2011 Basra bombings">Basra 2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other war crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_raid_on_Camp_Ashraf" title="2011 raid on Camp Ashraf">Raid on Camp Ashraf (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_looting_in_Iraq" title="Archaeological looting in Iraq">Archaeological looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine_bombings_in_Iraq" title="Chlorine bombings in Iraq">Chlorine bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Brigade_(Iraq)#Human_rights_abuses" title="Wolf Brigade (Iraq)">Torture by the Wolf Brigade</a> (2004–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prosecution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_and_the_International_Criminal_Court" title="United States and the International Criminal Court">United States and the International Criminal Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Service-Members%27_Protection_Act" title="American Service-Members' Protection Act">Hague Invasion Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_and_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Prosecution for the 2003 invasion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abtan_v._Blackwater" title="Abtan v. Blackwater">Abtan v. Blackwater</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamdan_v._Rumsfeld" title="Hamdan v. Rumsfeld">Hamdan v. Rumsfeld</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saleh_v._Bush" title="Saleh v. Bush">Saleh v. Bush</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taguba_Report" title="Taguba Report">Taguba Report</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>§</b> All attacks listed in this group were either committed by insurgents, or have unknown perpetrators</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Impact</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Casualties of the Iraq War">Casualties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Body_Count_project" title="Iraq Body Count project">Iraq Body Count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Family_Health_Survey" title="Iraq Family Health Survey">Iraq Family Health Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancet_surveys_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="Lancet surveys of Iraq War casualties">Lancet surveys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORB_survey_of_Iraq_War_casualties" title="ORB survey of Iraq War casualties">ORB survey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damage_to_Baghdad_during_the_Iraq_War" title="Damage to Baghdad during the Iraq War">Damage to Baghdad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Al-Aimmah_Bridge_disaster" title="2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster">Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_crises_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Humanitarian crises of the Iraq War">Humanitarian crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Iraq_cholera_outbreak" title="2007 Iraq cholera outbreak">2007 cholera outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_cost_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Financial cost of the Iraq War">Financial cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_Iraq" title="Refugees of Iraq">Refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Iraq#Iraq_War" title="Christianity in Iraq">Iraqi Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeans#Modern_Iraq_and_Iran" title="Mandaeans">Mandaeans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_academics_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Violence against academics in post-invasion Iraq">Violence against Iraqi academics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political<br />controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WMD_conjecture_in_the_aftermath_of_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="WMD conjecture in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Post-invasion WMD conjecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_leak" title="Iraq leak">Iraq scandal in Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_Chicks_comments_on_George_W._Bush" title="Dixie Chicks comments on George W. Bush">Dixie Chicks comments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plame_affair" title="Plame affair">Plame affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_event" title="Hood event">Hood event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kelly_(weapons_expert)" title="David Kelly (weapons expert)">Death of David Kelly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hutton_Inquiry" title="Hutton Inquiry">Hutton Inquiry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_Angelo_dela_Cruz" title="Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz">Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Iraq_document_leak" title="2004 Iraq document leak">2004 document leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_bombing_memo" title="Al Jazeera bombing memo">Al Jazeera bombing memo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Thomas_Beauchamp_controversy" title="Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy">Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoveOn.org_ad_controversy" title="MoveOn.org ad controversy">MoveOn.org ad controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Days_in_Fallujah" title="Six Days in Fallujah">Six Days in Fallujah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_and_the_Iraq_War" title="Canada and the Iraq War">Role of Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_resisters_in_Canada" title="Iraq War resisters in Canada">War resisters</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Investigations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Investigations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Report_on_Iraqi_WMD_Intelligence" title="Senate Report on Iraqi WMD Intelligence">Senate Report on WMD Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Survey_Group" title="Iraq Survey Group">Duelfer Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Inquiry" title="Iraq Inquiry">Chilcot Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reactions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-war" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_prelude_to_the_Iraq_War" title="International reactions to the prelude to the Iraq War">Pre-war international reactions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!" title="Khuy Voyne!">Khuy Voyne!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2003_Saddam_Hussein_interview" title="February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview">Saddam Hussein interview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Views_on_the_2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Views on the 2003 invasion of Iraq">Views on the invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_opinion_in_the_United_States_on_the_invasion_of_Iraq" title="Public opinion in the United States on the invasion of Iraq">U.S. public opinion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Criticism of the Iraq War">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_and_the_Iraq_War" title="United Nations Security Council and the Iraq War">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah%27s_Anti-war_series" title="Oprah's Anti-war series">Oprah's Anti-war series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_map_pendant" title="Iraqi map pendant">Iraqi map pendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Soldier:_Iraq_%26_Afghanistan" title="Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan">Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_Op_(photomontage)" title="Photo Op (photomontage)"><i>Photo Op</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Responsible_Plan_to_End_the_War_in_Iraq" title="A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq">A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_shoe-throwing_incident" title="George W. Bush shoe-throwing incident">Bush shoe-throwing incident</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_the_Iraq_War" title="Protests against the Iraq War">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Halloween_2002_anti-war_protest" title="Halloween 2002 anti-war protest">Halloween 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_February_2003_anti-war_protests" title="15 February 2003 anti-war protests">February 15, 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_March_2003_anti-war_protest" title="20 March 2003 anti-war protest">March 20, 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bring_Them_Home_Now_Tour" title="Bring Them Home Now Tour">Bring Them Home Now Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20,_2005_counter-inaugural_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 20, 2005 counter-inaugural protest">January 20, 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24,_2005_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="September 24, 2005 anti-war protest">September 24, 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 27, 2007 anti-war protest">January 27, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="March 17, 2007 anti-war protest">March 17, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Port_of_Tacoma_protests" title="2007 Port of Tacoma protests">2007 Port of Tacoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15,_2007,_anti-war_protest" title="September 15, 2007, anti-war protest">September 15, 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19,_2008_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="March 19, 2008 anti-war protest">March 19, 2008</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aftermath in Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Islamic_State#Jamāʻat_al-Tawḥīd_wa-al-Jihād_(1999–2004)" title="History of the Islamic State">The rise of ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Insurgency</a> (2011–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq</a> (2013–17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State" title="War against the Islamic State">War against ISIL</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">U.S.-led intervention in Iraq</a> (2014–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">Insurgency</a> (2017–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Outposts_of_tyranny" title="Outposts of tyranny">Outposts of tyranny</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Saeed_al-Sahhaf" title="Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf">"Baghdad Bob"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_al-Majid" title="Ali Hassan al-Majid">"Chemical Ali"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_(Iraq_war)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition of the willing (Iraq war)">Coalition of the willing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_checking" title="Dead checking">Dead checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_journalism" title="Embedded journalism">Embedded journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_fries" title="Freedom fries">Freedom fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedman_Unit" title="Friedman Unit">Friedman Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GBU-43/B_MOAB" title="GBU-43/B MOAB">"Mother of All Bombs"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huda_Salih_Mahdi_Ammash" title="Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash">"Mrs. Anthrax"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Europe_and_New_Europe" title="Old Europe and New Europe">Old Europe and New Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regime_change" title="Regime change">Regime change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Shock and awe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger_uranium_forgeries#"Sixteen_Words"_controversy_in_2003_State_of_the_Union" title="Niger uranium forgeries">"Sixteen Words"</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michael_Gerson#Lines_attributed_to_Gerson" title="Michael Gerson">"Smoking gun / mushroom cloud"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Spangled_Ice_Cream" title="Star Spangled Ice Cream">Star Spangled Ice Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_reset" title="Strategic reset">Strategic reset</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/There_are_unknown_unknowns" title="There are unknown unknowns">"There are unknown unknowns"</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_of_Death_(Iraq)" title="Triangle of Death (Iraq)">Triangle of Death</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">"Yo, Blair"</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Critical" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Critical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_arrogance" title="Global arrogance">Global arrogance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism" title="Inverted totalitarianism">Inverted totalitarianism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_wrong_war,_at_the_wrong_place,_at_the_wrong_time#Iraq_War_usage" title="The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time">"The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time"</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memorials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan%E2%80%93Iraqi_Freedom_Memorial" title="Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial">Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial (Salem, Oregon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaheed_Monument" title="Al-Shaheed Monument">Al-Shaheed Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_Afghanistan_Memorial" title="Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial">Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial (London)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwood_Gratitude_and_Honor_Memorial" title="Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial">Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Memorial_Garden" title="Old North Memorial Garden">Old North Memorial Garden</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saving_Iraqi_Culture" title="Saving Iraqi Culture">Saving Iraqi Culture</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_of_the_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of assassinations of the Iraq War">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aviation_shootdowns_and_accidents_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War">Aviation shootdowns and accidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bombings_during_the_Iraq_War" title="List of bombings during the Iraq War">Bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coalition_military_operations_of_the_Iraq_War" title="List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War">Coalition military operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraq_War_documentaries" title="List of Iraq War documentaries">Documentaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraqi_security_forces_fatality_reports_in_Iraq" title="List of Iraqi security forces fatality reports in Iraq">Iraqi security forces fatality reports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most-wanted_Iraqi_playing_cards" title="Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards">Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_private_contractor_deaths_in_Iraq" title="List of private contractor deaths in Iraq">Private contractor deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Timeline of the Iraq War">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_Iraq" title="2003 in Iraq">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_Iraq" title="2004 in Iraq">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_Iraq" title="2005 in Iraq">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_Iraq" title="2006 in Iraq">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_Iraq" title="2007 in Iraq">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_Iraq" title="2008 in Iraq">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_Iraq" title="2009 in Iraq">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_Iraq" title="2010 in Iraq">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_Iraq" title="2011 in Iraq">2011</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty" title="Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty">Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Manning" title="Chelsea Manning">Chelsea Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIA_black_sites" title="CIA black sites">CIA black sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Efforts to impeach George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques" title="Enhanced interrogation techniques">"Enhanced interrogation techniques"</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torture_in_the_United_States" title="Torture in the United States">Torture in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_rendition" title="Extraordinary rendition">Extraordinary rendition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zone" title="Green Zone">Green Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Guantanamo Bay detention camp">Guantanamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident" title="Gulf of Tonkin incident">Gulf of Tonkin incident</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_Resolution" title="Gulf of Tonkin Resolution">Resolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrodollar_recycling#Petrodollar_warfare" title="Petrodollar recycling">Petrodollar warfare theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-9/11" title="Post-9/11">Post-9/11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship" title="Special Relationship">Special Relationship</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Iraq_War:_A_Historiography_of_Wikipedia_Changelogs" title="The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs">The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilateralism" title="Unilateralism">Unilateralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_archives" title="Ba'ath Party archives">Ba'ath Party archives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Outline of the Iraq War">Outline</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Iraq_War" title="Category:Iraq War">Category</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Template:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Armed_groups_in_the_Iraqi_conflict" title="Template talk:Armed groups in the Iraqi conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region"><img alt="Kurdistan Region" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi government">Iraqi government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces" title="Iraqi Armed Forces">Iraqi Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Army">Iraqi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Navy" title="Iraqi Navy">Iraqi Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_security_forces" title="Iraqi security forces">Iraqi security forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Police" title="Iraqi Police">Iraqi Police</a> <ul><li>Iraqi Police Service</li> <li>National Police</li> <li>Supporting Forces</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilities_Protection_Service" title="Facilities Protection Service">Facilities Protection Service</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Ba'athists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedayeen_Saddam" title="Fedayeen Saddam">Fedayeen Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li>General Command of the Armed Forces, Resistance and Liberation in Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Army_(Iraq)" title="Popular Army (Iraq)">Popular Army</a></li> <li>New Return</li> <li>Patriotic Front</li> <li>Political Media Organ of the Ba'ath Party</li> <li>Popular Resistance for the Liberation of Iraq</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Abud_Network" title="Al-Abud Network">Al-Abud Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Army" title="Free Iraqi Army">Free Iraqi Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Private_militias_in_Iraq" title="Private militias in Iraq">Militias</a> and others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islamic</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace Companies">Mahdi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Deraa" title="Abu Deraa">Abu Deraa</a>'s Mahdi Army faction</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization" title="Badr Organization">Badr Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheibani_Network" title="Sheibani Network">Sheibani Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldiers_of_Heaven" title="Soldiers of Heaven">Soldiers of Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Iraqi_Forces" title="Free Iraqi Forces">Free Iraqi Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Groups_(Iraq)" title="Special Groups (Iraq)">Special Groups (Iraq)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asa%27ib_Ahl_al-Haq" title="Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq">Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promised_Day_Brigade" title="Promised Day Brigade">Promised Day Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Hezbollah" title="Kata'ib Hezbollah">Kata'ib Hezbollah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_Ansar_al-Aqeeda" title="Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda">Saraya Ansar al-Aqeeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_al-Imam_Ali" title="Kata'ib al-Imam Ali">Kata'ib al-Imam Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Jund_al-Imam" title="Kata'ib Jund al-Imam">Kata'ib Jund al-Imam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba" title="Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba">Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraya_al-Jihad" title="Saraya al-Jihad">Saraya al-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fadl_al-Abbas_Forces" title="Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces">Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ansar_Allah_al-Awfiya" title="Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya">Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabak_Militia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabak Militia">Quwwat Sahl Ninawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Army" title="Mukhtar Army">Mukhtar Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Abu_al-Fadhal_al-Abbas" title="Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas">Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Mu%27ammal" title="Jaysh al-Mu'ammal">Jaysh al-Mu'ammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Ali_al-Akbar" title="Liwa Ali al-Akbar">Liwa Ali al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Resistance_in_Iraq_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Resistance in Iraq (2020–present)">Islamic Resistance in Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kata%27ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada" title="Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada">Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islamic</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_Mobilization" title="Tribal Mobilization">Tribal Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Iraq" title="Sons of Iraq">Awakening groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Revolution_Brigades" title="1920 Revolution Brigades">1920 Revolution Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Rashideen" title="Jaish al-Rashideen">Jaish al-Rashideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Army_in_Iraq" title="Islamic Army in Iraq">Islamic Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Iraqi_Resistance" title="Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance">Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_of_Iraq" title="Hamas of Iraq">Hamas of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakat_Ahrar_al-Iraq" title="Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq">Harakat Ahrar al-Iraq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurdish</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks" title="Kurdistan Freedom Hawks">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmens" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Turkmens">Turkmen</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen_Front" title="Iraqi Turkmen Front">Iraqi Turkmen Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">16Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">52nd Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">92nd Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Brigade of Imam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Sayyid al-Shuhada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmen_Brigades_(Popular_Mobilization_Units)" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkmen Brigades (Popular Mobilization Units)">Bashir Regiment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people" title="Assyrian people">Assyrian/Syriac</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nineveh_Plains" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plains" title="Nineveh Plains">Nineveh Plains</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Protection_Units" title="Nineveh Plain Protection Units">Nineveh Plain Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineveh_Plain_Forces" title="Nineveh Plain Forces">Nineveh Plain Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraqosh_Protection_Committee" title="Qaraqosh Protection Committee">Qaraqosh Protection Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwekh_Nawsha" title="Dwekh Nawsha">Dwekh Nawsha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataib_Rouh_Allah_Issa_Ibn_Miriam" title="Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam">Kataib Rouh Allah Issa Ibn Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylon_Movement" title="Babylon Movement">Babylon Brigade</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yazidis" title="Yazidis">Yazidi</a> militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force" title="Êzîdxan Protection Force">Êzîdxan Protection Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Alliance" title="Sinjar Alliance">Sinjar Alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–11)">Insurgents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Army_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Army (Iraq)">Mujahideen Army</a></li> <li>Mujahideen Battalions of the Salafi Group of Iraq</li> <li>Islamic Salafist Boy Scout Battalions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeish_Muhammad" title="Jeish Muhammad">Mohammad's Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salafist_jihadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist jihadism">Salafi Jihadists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mustafa_Army_in_Iraq" title="Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq">Al-Mustafa Army in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Banner_Organization" title="Black Banner Organization">Black Banner Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Theeb" title="Abu Theeb">Abu Theeb</a>'s group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_Al-Salafi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army">Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Al-Basri_Brigades" title="Hassan Al-Basri Brigades">Hassan Al-Basri Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna" title="Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna">Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Jaysh_Ahl_al-Sunnah_wa-l-Jamaah" title="Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah">Jamaat Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa-l-Jamaah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Iraq)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Iraq)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Ta%27ifa_al-Mansurah" title="Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah">Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq" title="Al-Qaeda in Iraq">Al-Qaeda in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shield_of_Islam_Brigade" title="Shield of Islam Brigade">Shield of Islam Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefulness_and_Holy_War" title="Wakefulness and Holy War">Wakefulness and Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Flags" title="White Flags">White Flags</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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