CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135dc93bb248819',cH: 'ItZ_RbHCvVva1MqHJJ.xDBHQo8uxy2gM4N29rpKjPKs-1739796191-1.2.1.1-_lzM53HFgwcuLT7bfcoqN.Kdnxht2HAZHWXG5fdiSgTaUKNnqmoS9oM1JlPh2PF0',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Sadia%20Ilyas&__cf_chl_tk=MoDpGITnTzj4l1PuB622SEKQelDclcV9D2XSwoGjeWc-1739796191-1.0.1.1-9BGJogYe0S4nfJNiBInEDspGP8yvgALK9IoohBkhg5g",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739796191',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Sadia%20Ilyas&__cf_chl_f_tk=MoDpGITnTzj4l1PuB622SEKQelDclcV9D2XSwoGjeWc-1739796191-1.0.1.1-9BGJogYe0S4nfJNiBInEDspGP8yvgALK9IoohBkhg5g",md: "qeRjRMpDxDB4RfDWtPFQK1jWo.HaRtrxd8NoBN.GrVM-1739796191-1.2.1.1-LhpHETZO4kbSekTawHntvcApqP0vD_epZDYwCUK0io3BeQx3FMVWFYPwuAKFJ7SimxHmxKpurz3DPyylh7VPxoU6PAjL4Np.Dca7dHnDPdYx9K9x_EhyO5RWOduryaeDT__9283danhu6xrLC85cCX3RL5IcHsXwOvmGdc73VAqfmyLDOr.fSeNCb4RbH6jbpXt8YufyG2l9KEx3f1h32udmp5gV96f1ZEbunJ0sSqvOpinvLDtVXXxsKVXxtlOGlMzdzuc8n7fr3voQq9LKP_r3WXa2Kc2_jQMEloxhC.R4m8zHvEJsSYKbZW2_AkFRndlLSeZMQjCjRSgUad4ac3QRUh_KeVckpDvBuP8gpUIDHzy7Jwh0q3FCeVfyse96viIE71moFfUQOuhPFEE25YjF8wiy096eJ7xmEpM.i8_ibB._zQBuiNcfYQi1t3YJhqLXnisi8MY7hhnOy1.3SpwcpzapHtvA3o0JW0PtfD9BoiEPldI3wJIk_IfAhwX27gfxQfQrFfzkNw9cnXSEV9WWsTgKCiZSEqJ0ZcHL7pMFU9KCzaxjECjdoGyCR.0g9Y6meWNy_GXeHuQk1LqF3m50HflC.8Yl7.KQRWBaKl52UTt4ybZrQYnNSy.EAXaD2.BcdHwe.iNp9SjsocljBIoOrDv8CxsXQYRwYz52RKk7ijFE2p_swoNVlXmNsiPhYsSjOgY1VymoHEVKx57UsdIYIcx1SXMQfM2C2gLy6DC57SN1b2y8LOFQH67rNg9a10nMpVtqwDESanvXJyT_y0TWVzL2DKOYxlMJdHsJerbF3EJjIRyvNOzKpFNPwucblVRK0dfgEEUlZqZ0UAAnyHBRpT2Kdw.kdj82NDV0N17Glho_gI_VBTmYLWc38tVT1AXMlDeoaXdUnFBU0eynHQL9L5DjKlpekrb_QUTl3o5tO7IV20PuHY4SovK5X5EvxgvOk_oLRvei9Hsl8rE6daYsWBBeWEjfAO_G_gSG2SNpRIah6OWiXSvBRI4QBfjZitTHex3a_cUhyLisKvpwFQPSthrn6Q3_77dsr6qmqJgGNoF.dDQoFswKKe4m_Ptdq6u2gubE2AslyXZLGMehVRvUItUleNJ8L1egqu6.kKGmJqq5W4NYJ9Kl9QK.RfNKxJSrzynZ9vVdUa.JrUi.gtN7QJavnWWrhlXghpcFfUrhOxVHYts0dagOgYyDC6hLkb1ylRdvlROOoevb4T771ugFIi.hz8_zPlytd3wFeviFm2rm8ktb31caD7Ed.QLa5V8T_FKxRA9AsNPye5H4_EV33gAOD.Yegqpb034eCQ5odCtxN.ppw_YdJiyKmCh8uZf2.UPZRJIUiNjp_2t5iZBatyWbB3d4ICtngK6KEb4TQSMrXXtDzH7LNW5Afp2lStg8KnopD0VRrUs.RV2YH3ng50ZJzL_BXB_A.0JcQfqZxLH06oKE3GLCCbgPrrW4NwuGvK_2FdXwKI2EofPo7oglcCh4fp1zcx59pkTXOsEjPyqjq.0FQklI_rbLC0QvctRwoO2c1AIIOhMm7zVY7ykpeypXxjEsESJb7cZtSJl4ee9XeX832o1YwZSwQI4xgcRVfWA8ojyFVOyOiVIBHKEQ9_29pcu3yv8VypJtBkPTiFQM_oV8QdPZLyrHx7HAQ7polv_vxbSJ6BGOQuhJDk_hcJUr8dKEqzXOfzOsdF7viPas05T19QN3wsdyqqfBUw7NlwsT.wDlRzNyPSnyjasQs9zcz7ummc2Opjmp3Y3lyQFfC.yG857ZKJneIscuCTKhwRPGpcvqIRdCd_6Dv1ZTU1Rge3ajqimUc9xHF3EAoSrL3fdoiD9Oonmg7B.z_cnWDJ6XK3GuD6iUWEGsK1uEeu1pjFyQa.MTWnMeWabnzK8uK8BJY9ZT0uGHoIZANG3mMB3gVJV0F3oiY1qO6RRQCQUooaYHuLBMl2ZXmPw",mdrd: "0VHm0JORz14ih9KQ5yf.E5dipg3aHOrB8EUdxb2WVXA-1739796191-1.2.1.1-.ri6IFEJg5ko4p7ES2RyUEDTls_CTNV8Qgn1e4NiJcWgFLv81nW3b_b2_Lr3_H5z5X5_5cf7sNa43lUC_DLBgdBPwyzl0ATY0rLbFeK4diR75WcKmgYoF7UvKKFoYqd_YBExicsl8ZEkcqFW864X9H.nnbnNWfUhJ2pe9hxapopMuN6J_8MPeU1rowuoPP0_kflO6gRRJeH28IEifNlHfMHTIU8Qyz3u8MowLxvXit4ANE2arme6bkv8TYzhq2PAsMDU7RdhS29sOC8clIhwzjCmfHOTcVvgZZrBtRirWwUWsv.RhNcZrdJjlQw8dQjP9CL2KcSprfkV1wkLe9CIuJZPOB56mneiyGrpY2pNkMTJcgrA_1xhdeK1oQZqPt21HiGainBE3rBYd80wXhOu8NXTgQfHVT81Gg5cQ27WessUp_0HSLsg.KMyFHlNSfF.Gt8E.QwypK5U5pfwa9EQpHLlAhkN8IxydlfCm81d6fpA0U4ezHcKFSmLdJBD4Gtf5vJCUUJmh_B3QYGRD0CvgBP7myzPPliviTwobYGR1F8qczA7_454nAPwL8wIycHCclnEcZJbMxPcy.fznI0Zo9hv2mVLmjRj0eoWr5OZu_hJcvdWuG5HSbc.cqi0jnc8ZIDU7r0k.XkUlmdGDIMnOHq08daBi_yfrPd3u1ECmNREbGmmrMi7di_ErqMpUTAn4H3SHa_k0O4wxWBXvvAadC.MgvbOrvBrgTBdWo0OLRq.4ogyFUNjuXDbZUOpXLz2Eq9DMexixqiTQ8pI.EkU7RF89djJXiqr5OW6V1jDNrxWAp.cbRICHZA1j.iTUYf2.AeYmxHA8n6OEX_F3F3.qJPIptbJmL9TYsaQ9OQhLgT1cclgwrel0j5EPKIcqFVmNVSVl0Dfzn4EYkHVmn22uIuPuoy1DdChprljAltZBuel5AHriOvPGNxcNmozkTI7y6iCWHyA1DSmZmSj5i0HxiHXq.e3GbzfHzpvgwBfDAUeYm7Wx5QZ8h4fPuavG6ucX6SrfkZvnUKyU7yd8tK3gFHBu9y0xHhGIGz0I92CKHXl4KkhhHKzXGllkUQ7FLH.f7Xp449i2ernSDXGfENinQIKzEJOjUJca1dGpiXwXQ_NBqlwn.A_nj59XstqdfepVJKHjBj44mLykrvUKAFf8_mpe5IPr297XhlH58JD1UJ93RYIqQZAD57SrnPiF1S4kxw7GI.5lolZLfvz8ZNfN_7oSrWhd4QfffkjxYY5B7VwHyl28LWdR7MtEJhp9FvBQTGgpiuAsuimB_E172IYQUpBOQnD9AY8lk944BKhRu1WC98bYIl0M0UNnxSm9G73IBWxfWEdQqaTTTLBda6CTyjHH8dH5qLpc9FGcETN_1jkQM8koltv9cfBtI8FRZtxjLmEyQMXJekSEnvqyI5SoALLk_KyBE3fn5bXi2x5A3P8qZn3_bHMlZUcatwE0RnCr3fGQkB0fmbQyYDC9NIEBKgqkVK5_u4Qsaq8LpY92TK1CbIVzCByat90qjfgQVC0IfZ9VE.r_scrzid7yGgipTCaLPCHxjSR80dnnKQlSJ52JrrnKbjQLJU2O9beGGA0NUU1RuyudJ4Uh3JNOh5NY6Y1tJBJdGYWlccIxKtWX43bbBvuPJh2hg4ErKnfkHkz02IAM__vwC04gBbbQaZXtVnss8anLLonNTbMGSQ3QSaXrQmmuPg8xe4NAeIS4nRMUXo4n8hxK0hP9tqEpop3L.DHnPFKvf6JGV9AYwzEFp3KrGN3S9euFNq6nQvxQ4enoxji1y4bXdlZ8lJUAoD1JBsU0u6w0nNo6lVWa1fkl8d8f2MXs.t3wF2kaI4GVMjDbhcTXYwZIfbHJ5M_Gt0ZqWg5Y7BIjWjvvwDzwijXRkw1twM4woZBPOct.XUPSr.ewro7gAK0Z8eUEpk7FRKi57fTpNSBDd7CI9nAlv2RICIiJCdS0T4fa.tJ9enGEbMH"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135dc93bb248819';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Sadia%20Ilyas&__cf_chl_rt_tk=MoDpGITnTzj4l1PuB622SEKQelDclcV9D2XSwoGjeWc-1739796191-1.0.1.1-9BGJogYe0S4nfJNiBInEDspGP8yvgALK9IoohBkhg5g" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>