CINXE.COM

Innovation showcase Archives – Physics World

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-GB"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta http-equiv="Referrer-Policy" content="origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://physicsworld.com/xmlrpc.php"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn-cookieyes.com/client_data/32a66075cd31d8fea8d5fadf/script.js" as="script" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ampproject.org" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://in.hotjar.com" crossorigin /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" > <!-- webkit FranklinGothicURW start --> <script src="//use.typekit.net/mfv1unu.js"></script> <script>try{Typekit.load({ async: true, active: function() { jQuery('body').addClass('typekit'); } });}catch(e){}</script> <!-- webkit FranklinGothicURW end --> <link href="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/static/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-TQRT9K38');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.8 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Innovation showcase Archives &#8211; Physics World</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://physicsworld.com/a/aps-march-meeting-connecting-physicists-from-around-the-globe/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Innovation showcase Archives &#8211; Physics World" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Physics World" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@PhysicsWorld" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/","url":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/","name":"Innovation showcase Archives &#8211; Physics World","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://physicsworld.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse.jpg","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/#primaryimage","url":"https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse.jpg","contentUrl":"https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse.jpg","width":1200,"height":731,"caption":"Science on show Thousands of physicists will head to Minneapolis, Minnesota, for the APS March Meeting. (Courtesy: iStock/SamWagnerTimelapse)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://physicsworld.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Innovation showcase"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://physicsworld.com/#website","url":"https://physicsworld.com/","name":"Physics World","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://physicsworld.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <meta name="oas:article-type" content="innovation-showcases" /><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.jsdelivr.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//players.brightcove.net' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://physicsworld.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <style id='powerpress-player-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nine3-style-css' href='https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/dist/css/main.d85b8b6e29494c1a81f4c002bb8e1b11.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='brightcove-pip-css-css' href='https://players.brightcove.net/videojs-pip/1/videojs-pip.css?ver=2.8.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='brightcove-playlist-css' href='https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/plugins/brightcove-video-connect/assets/css/brightcove_playlist.min.css?ver=2.8.7' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="real3d-flipbook-forntend-js-extra"> var rootFolder = ["https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/real3d-flipbook\/"]; </script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/plugins/real3d-flipbook/js/frontend.js?ver=3.61" id="real3d-flipbook-forntend-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://physicsworld.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://physicsworld.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <script id="dzsap-main-settings" type="application/json">{"dzsap_site_url":"https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/","pluginurl":"https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/dzs-zoomsounds\/audioplayer\/","dzsap_curr_user":0,"version":"6.50","ajax_url":"https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","action_received_time_total":"send_total_time"}</script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- function powerpress_pinw(pinw_url){window.open(pinw_url, 'PowerPressPlayer','toolbar=0,status=0,resizable=1,width=460,height=320'); return false;} //--> </script> <!-- Stream WordPress user activity plugin v4.0.2 --> <meta name="onesignal" content="wordpress-plugin"/> <script> window.OneSignal = window.OneSignal || []; OneSignal.push( function() { OneSignal.SERVICE_WORKER_UPDATER_PATH = "OneSignalSDKUpdaterWorker.js.php"; OneSignal.SERVICE_WORKER_PATH = "OneSignalSDKWorker.js.php"; OneSignal.SERVICE_WORKER_PARAM = { scope: "/" }; OneSignal.setDefaultNotificationUrl("https://physicsworld.com"); var oneSignal_options = {}; window._oneSignalInitOptions = oneSignal_options; oneSignal_options['wordpress'] = true; oneSignal_options['appId'] = '7322d010-59eb-4b97-8b58-47d4ecec27f1'; oneSignal_options['allowLocalhostAsSecureOrigin'] = true; oneSignal_options['welcomeNotification'] = { }; oneSignal_options['welcomeNotification']['title'] = "Physics World"; oneSignal_options['welcomeNotification']['message'] = ""; oneSignal_options['path'] = "https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/plugins/onesignal-free-web-push-notifications/sdk_files/"; oneSignal_options['promptOptions'] = { }; oneSignal_options['notifyButton'] = { }; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['enable'] = true; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['position'] = 'bottom-right'; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['theme'] = 'default'; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['size'] = 'medium'; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['showCredit'] = true; oneSignal_options['notifyButton']['text'] = {}; OneSignal.init(window._oneSignalInitOptions); OneSignal.showSlidedownPrompt(); }); function documentInitOneSignal() { var oneSignal_elements = document.getElementsByClassName("OneSignal-prompt"); var oneSignalLinkClickHandler = function(event) { OneSignal.push(['registerForPushNotifications']); event.preventDefault(); }; for(var i = 0; i < oneSignal_elements.length; i++) oneSignal_elements[i].addEventListener('click', oneSignalLinkClickHandler, false); } if (document.readyState === 'complete') { documentInitOneSignal(); } else { window.addEventListener("load", function(event){ documentInitOneSignal(); }); } </script> <!-- Hotjar Tracking Code for physicsworld.com --> <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:788234,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); /* Hotjar user attributes */ window.hj( 'identify', null, { Language: window.navigator.language, }); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> "use strict"; /** * Returns the OpenGraph type of this page (as set by Yoast) * * Cannot use `getMetaContent` for this as it uses the "property" attribute * instead of the expected "name". * * @return {string} OpenGraph type */ function getOgType() { let og_type = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:type"]'); return ( og_type && og_type.content ? og_type.content : '' ); } /** * Returns the content attribute of the named <meta> tag * * @param {string} name - Meta name * @return {string} Meta content */ function getMetaContent( name ) { let element = document.querySelector('meta[name="' + name + '"]'); return element ? element.content : ''; } /** * Defines a GA slot only if the slot actually exists * * @param {string} ref - Slot reference * @param {Array} dimensions - Target dimensions * @param {string} slot_id - Element ID * @param {PubAdsService} service - Service to bind to */ function defineIfSlot(ref, dimensions, slot_id, service) { const element = document.getElementById(slot_id); // No ad slot if (!element) return; return googletag.defineSlot(ref, dimensions, slot_id).addService(service); } window.googletag = ( window.googletag || { cmd: [] } ); googletag.cmd.push( function() { const pubads = googletag.pubads(); // Conditionally define slots only if the element actually exists defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_r2_ap', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1567436410454-0', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_m_ap', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-1', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x01_gs', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-2', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x02_gs', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-3', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x03_gs', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-4', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x04_gs', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-5', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x05_gs', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-6', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x06_gs', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-7', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_r_ap', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1563268425067-0', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_r1_ap', [[300,250]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-11', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x10_ss', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-12', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x11_ss', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-13', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x12_ss', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-14', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x13_ss', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-15', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x14_ss', [160, 60], 'div-gpt-ad-1563269243507-0', pubads); defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_x15_ss', [[160,60]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-17', pubads); const leaderboard = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([970, 0], [[970, 90], [728, 90]]) // Larger screen ads .addSize([768, 0], [[728, 90]]) // Smaller (laptop) screen ads .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50]]) // Mobile screen ads .build(); // Homepage & listing ads const t_1 = defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_t_hp', [[970,90],[728,90],[729,90],[300,250],[320,50]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-18', pubads); const t_2 = defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_t1_hp', [[970,90],[728,90],[729,90],[300,250],[320,50]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-19', pubads); const t_3 = defineIfSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_t2_hp', [[970,90],[728,90],[729,90],[300,250],[320,50]], 'div-gpt-ad-3759129-20', pubads); // Only map if they actually exist t_1 && t_1.defineSizeMapping(leaderboard); t_2 && t_2.defineSizeMapping(leaderboard); t_3 && t_3.defineSizeMapping(leaderboard); // Search results const headerSize = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([970, 0], [[970, 90]]) .addSize([0, 0], [[320, 50]]) .build() // Header ad (always appears) googletag.defineSlot('/21821800277/pw/pw_h_sw', [[970,90], [320, 50]], 'div-gpt-ad-5400963-20').defineSizeMapping(headerSize).addService(pubads); // Only apply targeting if values exist const article_og = getOgType(); if ( article_og ) { pubads.setTargeting( "articleTag", article_og ); } const article_type = getMetaContent( "oas:article-type" ); if ( article_type ) { pubads.setTargeting( "articleType", article_type ); } const article_category = getMetaContent( "oas:category" ); if ( article_category ) { pubads.setTargeting( "category", article_category ); } const article_sub = getMetaContent( "oas:sub-category" ); if ( article_sub ) { pubads.setTargeting( "subCategory", article_sub ); } // Add class to body if ads are visible pubads.addEventListener( "impressionViewable", function () { document.body.classList.add("has-ads"); }); pubads.enableSingleRequest(); pubads.collapseEmptyDivs(); // Start! googletag.enableServices(); }); </script> <!-- <style> div.advert::after { content:'Advertisement'; display:block; text-align: left; font-size:12px; color: #9B9B9B; } </style> --> </head> <body class="archive tax-article-type term-innovation-showcases term-605 not-logged-in"> <a class="sr-only" href="#main-content">Skip to main content</a> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript aria-hidden="true"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TQRT9K38" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" > </iframe> </noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <header class="physics-world-nav"> <span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-5400963-20' class="advert"> <!-- remove class advert__fallback 14/03/24 as requested by Alison --> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-5400963-20'); }); </script> </div> </span> <div class="top-bar"> <div class="top-bar__left"> <a href="https://ioppublishing.org/" class="top-bar__logo" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/static/img/iop-publishing-logo-white.png" width="198" height="31" alt="" /> <span class="sr-only">IOP Publishing site</span> </a> </div> <button class="top-bar__menu--mobile"> Menu </button> <div class="top-bar__right"> <div class="top-bar__user"> <ul class="top-bar__links"> <li><button class="sign-in-btn"><span class="top-bar__icon"></span>Sign in</button></li> <li><button class="register-btn">Register</button></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="physics-world-nav__wrapper"> <div class="physics-world-nav__left"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com" class="physics-world-nav__logo"> <span class="sr-only">Back to homepage</span> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/static/img/svg/pw-logo-red.svg" alt="IOP Physics World logo" width="217" height="40" /> </a> </div> <div class="physics-world-nav__right"> <nav class="nav-items__wrapper"> <button class="physics-world-nav__dropdown">Topics</button> <div class="topic-dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="topic-content-container"> <div><img width="798" height="449" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-1024x576.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-211x119.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-317x178.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-768x432.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-711x400.jpg 711w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-732x412.jpg 732w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-720x405.jpg 720w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-635x357.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-350x197.jpg 350w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-257x145.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-300x169.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights-128x72.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/KR-centred-abstract-torus-of-lights.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px" /><h2>Browse articles by topic</h2></div> <ul class="topic-dropdown__list"> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/astronomy-space/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Astronomy_and_space_164193.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Astronomy and space</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/atomic-molecular/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Atomic_and_molecular__774E92.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Atomic and molecular</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/biophysics-bioengineering/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Biophysics_and_bioengineering__05958E-1.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Biophysics and bioengineering</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/condensed-matter/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Condensed_matter__774E92.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Condensed matter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/culture-history-society/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Culture.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Culture, history and society</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/environment-energy/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Environment_and_energy__85AD21-1.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Environment and energy</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/instrumentation-measurement/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Instrumentation_and_measurement__9D9D9C.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Instrumentation and measurement</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/materials/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Materials__0085C8.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Materials</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/mathematics-computation/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Mathematics_and_computation__EC660F.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Mathematics and computation</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/medical-physics/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Medical_physics__05958.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Medical physics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/optics-photonics/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Optics_and_photonics__774E92.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Optics and photonics</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/particle-nuclear/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Particle_and_nuclear__774E92.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Particle and nuclear</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/people/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/People-icon-purple.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">People</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/quantum/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Quantum__774E92.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Quantum</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/scientific-enterprise/"> <span class="topic-dropdown__icon" style="background-color:;"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Enterprise-cogs.svg" alt="" loading="lazy" /> </span> <span class="topic-dropdown__title">Scientific enterprise</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- <button class="topic-dropdown__view-more"> <span>View more</span> </button> --> </div> <div class='primary-nav'><ul class='menu'><li class='menu-item-has-children'><button class='menu-item-button' aria-expanded='false'>Latest content</button><ul class='sub-menu'><li class='menu-item__featured-content'><div><img width="798" height="394" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-1024x506.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-1024x506.jpg 1024w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-211x104.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-317x157.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-768x380.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-809x400.jpg 809w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-732x362.jpg 732w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-720x356.jpg 720w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-635x314.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-350x173.jpg 350w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-257x127.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-300x148.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-160x79.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB-128x63.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/big-data-concept-2055335264-shutterstock_greenbutterfly-WEB.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 798px) 100vw, 798px" /><h2>Browse articles by content type</h2></div></li><li><h2>Short reads</h2><ul class='sub-menu'><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/research-updates/'>Research updates</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/news/'>News</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/blog/'>Blog</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/'>Innovation showcases</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/events/'>Events</a></li></ul></li><li><h2>Long reads</h2><ul class='sub-menu'><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/features/'>Features</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/opinion-reviews/'>Opinion and reviews</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/interviews/'>Interviews</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/analysis/'>Analysis</a></li></ul></li><li><h2>Multimedia</h2><ul class='sub-menu'><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/audio/'>Podcasts</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/videos/'>Video</a></li><li><a href='https://physicsworld.com/l/webinars/'>Webinars</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=''><a href='https://physicsworld.com/p/magazine/archive/'>Magazine</a></li><li class=''><a href='https://physicsworld.com/p/physics-world-live/'>Physics World Live</a></li></ul></div> <a href="https://www.physicsworldjobs.com" target="_blank" class="nav__link-img link-img--pw-jobs"> <span class='screen-reader-text'>IOP Physics World Jobs logo</span> <svg width="121" height="18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g clip-path="url(#a)"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M84.433 9.612V7.308c0-.324-.105-.792-.281-1.08-.352-.864-1.02-1.44-1.97-1.44-1.971 0-2.183 2.52-2.183 4.032 0 1.584.176 4.176 2.288 4.176.492 0 .915-.144 1.302-.468.844-.72.844-1.836.844-2.916Zm1.478 4.428h-1.337V12.6c-.598 1.116-1.443 1.656-2.71 1.656-2.815 0-3.554-2.88-3.554-5.256 0-2.34.775-5.508 3.59-5.508 1.196 0 2.006.504 2.533 1.62V.9h1.478v13.14Z" fill="#9460A4"/><path d="M8.879 8.783c0-2.124-.563-5.22-3.237-5.22-1.197 0-1.725.72-2.288 1.692V3.707H.75V17.53h2.78v-4.248c.528.613 1.091.937 1.936.937 2.815-.037 3.413-3.133 3.413-5.436Zm-2.92-.072c0 .755.034 2.34-.388 2.987-.211.36-.457.468-.88.468-1.302 0-1.196-1.296-1.196-2.268v-2.52c0-.864.211-1.907 1.267-1.907 1.302 0 1.196 2.196 1.196 3.095v.144ZM17.29 14.04V7.164c0-1.908-.211-3.672-2.534-3.672-1.126 0-1.83.324-2.463 1.296V.9H9.478v13.14h2.815V7.488c0-.936.105-1.728 1.196-1.728 1.056 0 .986.792.986 1.692v6.588h2.815ZM25.207 3.709H22.78l-1.302 6.3-1.372-6.3H17.29l2.885 10.152c-.317 1.116-.492 1.476-1.654 1.476a5.65 5.65 0 0 1-.81-.072v2.268c.423.108.81.18 1.197.18 2.288 0 2.71-1.62 3.273-3.492l3.026-10.512ZM32.387 10.872c0-2.016-1.408-2.592-2.992-3.168-.316-.108-.95-.324-1.267-.54-.281-.216-.422-.468-.422-.864 0-.54.352-.9.88-.9.88 0 1.232.648 1.478 1.404l2.006-.612c-.458-1.764-1.654-2.7-3.414-2.7-1.935 0-3.59 1.188-3.59 3.276 0 1.944 1.409 2.7 3.027 3.24.352.108.88.288 1.197.504.317.216.422.468.422.864 0 .684-.528.936-1.09.936-.986 0-1.408-.612-1.62-1.548l-2.217.36c.317 2.196 1.69 3.06 3.801 3.06 2.006.072 3.8-1.08 3.8-3.312ZM35.8 3.709h-2.816v10.332H35.8V3.709ZM35.8.9h-2.816v1.908H35.8V.9ZM44.527 10.188l-2.64-.18c-.035.792-.175 1.908-1.16 1.908-1.373 0-1.338-2.232-1.338-3.168 0-.972.035-3.096 1.408-3.096.95 0 1.055 1.224 1.09 1.944l2.64-.108c-.106-1.224-.211-2.052-1.091-2.952-.774-.792-1.654-1.044-2.71-1.044-3.132 0-4.187 2.52-4.187 5.364 0 2.772.914 5.4 4.047 5.4 2.568 0 3.66-1.584 3.94-4.068ZM52.34 10.872c0-2.016-1.408-2.592-2.992-3.168-.316-.108-.95-.324-1.267-.54-.281-.216-.422-.468-.422-.864 0-.54.352-.9.88-.9.88 0 1.231.648 1.478 1.404l2.006-.612c-.458-1.764-1.654-2.7-3.414-2.7-1.935 0-3.59 1.188-3.59 3.276 0 1.944 1.408 2.7 3.027 3.24.352.108.88.288 1.197.504.316.216.422.468.422.864 0 .684-.528.936-1.09.936-.986 0-1.409-.612-1.62-1.548l-2.217.36c.317 2.196 1.69 3.06 3.8 3.06 2.007.072 3.802-1.08 3.802-3.312Z" class="svg-fill-colour"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M63.002 3.709h-1.231l-1.83 7.848-1.865-7.848h-1.091l-1.69 7.74-1.759-7.74h-1.478l2.499 10.332h1.372l1.619-7.272 1.724 7.272h1.267l2.463-10.332ZM70.568 9c0-2.664-.739-5.58-3.87-5.58-3.062 0-3.872 2.844-3.872 5.472 0 2.628.81 5.436 3.836 5.436 3.027 0 3.906-2.7 3.906-5.328Zm-1.654-.108c0 1.476-.21 4.14-2.217 4.14-2.005 0-2.217-2.664-2.217-4.176s.247-4.14 2.217-4.14c2.006 0 2.217 2.664 2.217 4.176ZM75.495 5.184V3.456c-.106-.036-.211-.036-.352-.036-.563 0-1.055.288-1.443.612-.598.54-.809 1.08-1.09 1.836v-2.16h-1.338V14.04h1.513V8.712c0-1.584.458-3.564 2.358-3.564.07 0 .246 0 .352.036Z" fill="#9460A4"/><path d="M77.712.9h-1.513v13.14h1.513V.9Z" fill="#9460A4"/><path d="M89.395.9h-.352v15.948h.352V.9ZM92.844 16.848c-.422 0-.774-.072-1.161-.18v-1.26c.351.108.668.18 1.02.18 1.161 0 1.161-.828 1.161-1.764V3.924h1.478v9c.036 1.944 0 3.924-2.498 3.924ZM93.829 2.7V.9h1.619v1.8h-1.619ZM100.339 14.545c-3.026 0-3.836-2.808-3.836-5.436s.81-5.472 3.871-5.472c3.132 0 3.871 2.88 3.871 5.58-.035 2.592-.915 5.328-3.906 5.328Zm0-9.612c-1.97 0-2.217 2.628-2.217 4.14 0 1.512.211 4.176 2.217 4.176 1.971 0 2.217-2.664 2.217-4.14 0-1.512-.211-4.176-2.217-4.176ZM108.926 14.473c-1.372 0-1.935-.432-2.569-1.656-.14.468-.246.972-.387 1.44h-.774V.29h1.478v5.004c.633-1.008 1.337-1.584 2.569-1.584 2.815 0 3.519 2.988 3.519 5.328 0 2.628-.809 5.436-3.836 5.436Zm.035-9.468c-1.654 0-2.252 1.836-2.252 3.276v1.584c0 1.584.317 3.348 2.217 3.348 2.112 0 2.182-2.628 2.182-4.212 0-1.62-.07-3.996-2.147-3.996ZM116.739 14.544c-2.006 0-3.203-.936-3.625-2.952l1.408-.324c.281 1.332.985 1.98 2.322 1.98.986 0 2.041-.54 2.041-1.692 0-1.872-3.237-1.728-4.504-2.88a2.592 2.592 0 0 1-.845-1.908c0-1.872 1.549-3.096 3.308-3.096.915 0 1.795.324 2.428 1.008.423.468.563.972.739 1.62l-1.302.324c-.316-.972-.879-1.656-1.97-1.656-.915 0-1.725.576-1.725 1.584 0 .828.599 1.224 1.302 1.476 1.725.54 4.118 1.008 4.118 3.384-.036 2.052-1.83 3.132-3.695 3.132Z" class="svg-fill-colour"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" transform="translate(.75)" d="M0 0h120v18H0z"/></clipPath></defs></svg> </a> </nav> <button class="physics-world-nav__search-btn"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> Search<span class="sr-only">Open Search Dialog</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="homepage-search" aria-expanded="false"> <form action="https://physicsworld.com"> <label for="input-home-search">Search by content type, topic, person, research area and more</label> <div class="homepage-search__form-container"> <input id="input-home-search" type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search..." value="" /> <button type="submit"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i>Search<span class="sr-only">Submit search</span> </button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="other-sites"> <ul class="items"> <li> <a href="https://ioppublishing.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> IOP Publishing </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="top-bar__social"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/physicsworld/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow us on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/PhysicsWorld" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/physics-world" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow us on LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/PhysicsWorldTV" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Watch us on Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/feed" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">RSS Feed</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="items"> <li> <a href="https://www.physicsworldjobs.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Jobs </a> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="popup sign-in"> <div class="popup__tabs"> <button class="popup__tab popup__tab--active" data-tab="0">Sign in</button> </h4> <button class="popup__tab" data-tab="1">Register</button> <i class="fa fa-times-circle btn--close popup__close"></i> </div> <div class="popup__content"> <div class="sign-in__content popup__row popup__row--active ajax_container"> <form action="#" method="POST" data-ajax="login" class="login-form ajax__content" data-dest=".sign-in__content" data-keep="1"> <div class="flex flex--rows popup__row__content"> <div class="popup__col"> <input type="hidden" name="redirect" value="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases"> <ul class="sign-in__inputs"> <li> <label for="input-signin-email">Enter e-mail address</label> <input id="input-signin-email" type="email" name="user-email" required oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Please enter a valid e-mail address')" oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')"/> </li> <li class="password-input"> <label for="input-signin-password">Enter password</label> <input type="password" name="user-password" id="input-signin-password" class="password-field" required oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Please enter a password')" oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')"/> <input type="checkbox" name="password" id="show-pw" /> <label for="show-pw" class="password-label">Show</label> </li> <li> <div> <input type="checkbox" name="remember-me" id="form-checkbox" class="form-checkbox" /> <label for="form-checkbox"><span></span>Remember me</label> </div> <div> <a href="#" class="forgot-btn">Forgot your password?</a> </div> </li> </ul> <aside class="register__benefits"> <strong>Are you an IOP member?</strong> <p>Sign into your <em>Physics World</em> account to get access to all available digital issues of the monthly magazine. Your <em>Physics World</em> account is separate to any IOP accounts you may have</p> </aside> </div> <div class="popup__col"> <div class="field__attempts"> <strong>Sign in to</strong> <ul> <li>Access more than 20 years of online content</li> <li>Manage which e-mail newsletters you want to receive</li> <li>Read about the big breakthroughs and innovations across 13 scientific topics</li> <li>Explore the key issues and trends within the global scientific community</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup__actions"> <input type="submit" value="Sign in" class="btn btn--green" /> </div> </form> </div> <div class="register__form popup__row"> <form action="/" class="form-register ajax__content " method="POST" data-ajax="register" data-dest=".register__form" data-keep="1"> <div class="flex flex--rows popup__row__content"> <ul class="register__email gutter "> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <label for="input-register-email">Enter e-mail address</label> <input id="input-register-email" type="email" name="user-email" required oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Please enter a valid e-mail address')" oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')"/> <div class="tooltip"> <span class="fa fa-question-circle"></span> <span class="tooltip__content">This e-mail address will be used to create your account</span> </div> <aside class="register__benefits"> <strong>Are you an IOP member?</strong> <p>Create a <em>Physics World</em> account to get access to all available digital issues of the monthly magazine. Your <em>Physics World</em> account is separate to any IOP accounts you may have.</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The verification e-mail to complete your account registration should arrive immediately. However, in some cases it takes longer. Don't forget to check your spam folder.</p> <p>If you haven't received the e-mail in 24 hours, please contact <a href="mailto:customerservices@ioppublishing.org">customerservices@ioppublishing.org</a>.</p> </aside> </li> <li class="register__info col-xs-12 col-sm-6"> <strong>Registration is free, quick and easy</strong> <br /> <ul> <li>Access more than 20 years of online content</li> <li>Choose which e-mail newsletters you want to receive</li> <li>Read about the big breakthroughs and innovations across 13 scientific topics</li> <li>Explore the key issues and trends within the global scientific community</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="popup__actions"> <input type="submit" value="Register" class="btn btn--green" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup forgot-password "> <div class="popup__tabs"> <h4 class="popup__tab popup__tab--full">Reset your password</h4> <i class="fa fa-times-circle btn--close popup__close"></i> </div> <div class="popup__content forgot-parent ajax__container"> <form class="popup__row popup__row--active ajax__content forgot-form " action="/" method="POST" data-ajax="forgot" data-dest=".forgot-parent" data-keep="1"> <div class="popup__row__content"> <p>Please enter the e-mail address you used to register to reset your password</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The verification e-mail to change your password should arrive immediately. However, in some cases it takes longer. Don't forget to check your spam folder.</p> <p>If you haven't received the e-mail in 24 hours, please contact <a href="mailto:customerservices@ioppublishing.org">customerservices@ioppublishing.org</a></p> <label for="input-ajax-forgotten-email">Enter e-mail address</label> <input id="input-ajax-forgotten-email" type="email" name="user-email" required oninvalid="this.setCustomValidity('Please enter a valid e-mail address')" oninput="this.setCustomValidity('')"/> </div> <div class="popup__actions"> <input type="submit" value="Reset my password" class="btn btn--green" /> </div> </form> <div class="ajax__content forgot__message popup__row--active"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="popup popup-message autoclose "> <div class="popup__tabs"> <h4 class="popup__tab popup__tab--full">Registration complete</h4> <i class="fa fa-times-circle btn--close popup__close"></i> </div> <div class="popup__content ajax__container"> <div class="popup__row__content"> <p><strong>Thank you for registering with <em>Physics World</em></strong><br /> If you'd like to change your details at any time, please visit My account</p> </div> <div class="popup__actions"> <a class="btn btn--green" href="/">Close</a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Overlay --> <div class="overlay "></div> <main class="site-window" id="main-content"> <div class="type-bar type-bar--noicon"> <h1 class="type-bar__heading"> innovation showcases </h1> </div> <div class="m39 wrapper"> <h2>A round-up of the latest innovation from our corporate partners</h2> <p><em>Physics World</em> works with its corporate partners to showcase information that we feel may be relevant to you. The content highlighted here has been created and hosted by individual partners. It is free to read but you may be asked to share your contact details with the relevant partner first before being granted access to the content immediately afterwards.</p> </div> <div class="wrapper m06"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Innovation showcases</h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class='col-md-8 col-sm-7'> <article class="article article--f"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/aps-march-meeting-connecting-physicists-from-around-the-globe/" class="article__image object-fit-element"> <img width="676" height="412" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-676x412.jpg" class="attachment-featured-category-medium size-featured-category-medium wp-post-image" alt="Minneapolis skyline" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-676x412.jpg 676w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-211x129.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-1024x624.jpg 1024w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-317x193.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-768x468.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-657x400.jpg 657w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-673x410.jpg 673w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-635x387.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-323x197.jpg 323w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-257x157.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-300x183.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-148x90.jpg 148w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse-128x78.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Minneapolis-skyline-Lowry-Avenue-Bridge-1314882576-iStock_SamWagnerTimelapse.jpg 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 676px) 100vw, 676px" /> <span class="icon icon--innovation-showcases"></span> </a> <div class="article__info"> <ul class="hero-top-banner__category category--has-background-color"> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/condensed-matter/" style="background: #764992;">Condensed matter</a></li> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/" style="background: #764992;">Innovation showcase</a></li> <li><span style="background: #764992">SPONSORED</span></li> </ul> <h3 class="article__title"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/aps-march-meeting-connecting-physicists-from-around-the-globe/"> <span>APS March Meeting: connecting physicists from around the globe</span> </a> </h3> </div> </article> </div><div class='col-md-4 col-sm-5'> <article class="listing-block no-image"> <div class="listing-block__info"> <ul class="hero-top-banner__category"> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/biophysics-bioengineering/biophysics/" style="color: #009589;">Biophysics</a></li> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/" style="color: #009589;">Innovation showcase</a></li> <li><span style="color: #009589;">SPONSORED</span></li> </ul> <h3 class="listing-block__title"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/biophysics-breakthroughs-take-centre-stage-at-annual-meeting/" title="Biophysics breakthroughs take centre stage at annual meeting"> <b>Biophysics breakthroughs take centre stage at annual meeting</b> </a> </h3> <p>The Biophysical Society Annual Meeting sees researchers from over 55 countries come together to discuss the latest advances in the interdisciplinary field of biophysics</p> </div> </article> <article class="listing-block no-image"> <div class="listing-block__info"> <ul class="hero-top-banner__category"> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/optics-photonics/" style="color: #764992;">Optics and photonics</a></li> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/" style="color: #764992;">Innovation showcase</a></li> <li><span style="color: #764992;">SPONSORED</span></li> </ul> <h3 class="listing-block__title"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/photonics-west-lights-up-san-francisco/" title="Photonics West lights up San Francisco"> <b>Photonics West lights up San Francisco</b> </a> </h3> <p>A quick preview of some of the latest innovations in lasers, optics and photonic technologies appearing at the event</p> </div> </article> <article class="listing-block no-image"> <div class="listing-block__info"> <ul class="hero-top-banner__category"> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/c/optics-photonics/" style="color: #764992;">Optics and photonics</a></li> <li><a href="https://physicsworld.com/l/innovation-showcases/" style="color: #764992;">Innovation showcase</a></li> <li><span style="color: #764992;">SPONSORED</span></li> </ul> <h3 class="listing-block__title"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/a/laser-lights-up-photonics-technologies/" title="LASER lights up photonics technologies"> <b>LASER lights up photonics technologies</b> </a> </h3> <p>Dedicated to showcasing the latest innovations in optics and photonics, this year's LASER World of PHOTONICS will feature more than 1200 suppliers of both industrial systems and sc...</p> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner-ad"> <span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-18' class="advert" > <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-18'); }); </script> </div></span></div> <div class="m33 wrapper m33-c"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h3 class="section-breaks__heading">Latest white papers</h3> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Edinburgh Instruments</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="161" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-257x161.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-257x161.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-211x132.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-317x198.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-315x197.jpg 315w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-300x188.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-144x90.jpg 144w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image-128x80.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-05-03-EI-image.jpg 320w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Spectra, Lifetime and Quantum Yield of Upconversion Nanoparticles</b><p class="p1">In this Application Note, we use an Edinburgh Instruments FS5 Spectrofluorometer for a complete upconversion luminescence characterisation of UCNPs comprising spectral, time-resolved, and quantum yield measurements</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3QqAvYP" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Rohde & Schwarz</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="176" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-257x176.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-257x176.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-211x144.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-1024x699.jpg 1024w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-317x217.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-768x525.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-586x400.jpg 586w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-603x412.jpg 603w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-600x410.jpg 600w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-635x434.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-288x197.jpg 288w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-300x205.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-132x90.jpg 132w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423-128x87.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Rohde-WP-280423.jpg 1186w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>The Cold Source Technique for Noise Figure Measurements</b><p>This application note describes the “Cold Source” technique for measuring noise figure on the R&amp;S®ZNA family of vector network analyzers</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3HcClbd" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Edinburgh Instruments</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="158" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-257x158.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-257x158.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-211x129.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-317x194.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-321x197.jpg 321w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-300x184.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-147x90.jpg 147w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423-128x79.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-110423.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Characterisation of SERRS Nanoparticles Using UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy</b><p>In this application note, we use the DS5 UV-Vis Dual Beam Spectrophotometer and RM5 Raman Microscope to demonstrate that the optical response of SERRS nanosensors contains combined SERS and RRS effects</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3ZZCN2Q" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Edinburgh Instruments</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="161" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-257x161.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-257x161.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-211x132.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-317x198.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-315x197.jpg 315w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-300x188.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-144x90.jpg 144w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image-128x80.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2023-01-18-EI-image.jpg 320w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Pesticide Detection on Apple Skin Using SERS</b><p>In this application note, find out how residual phosmet insecticide on apple skin is detected using Surface Enhanced Raman (SERS)</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3ktMpnK" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m33 wrapper m33-c"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Edinburgh Instruments</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="152" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-257x152.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-257x152.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-211x124.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-317x187.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-334x197.jpg 334w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-300x177.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-153x90.jpg 153w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122-128x76.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI_WP-081122.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Multiphoton Imaging of Mouse Intestine</b><p>In this application note, an RMS1000 Confocal Microscope is used to image a tissue section of mouse intestine using two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3NNQA8d" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Mad City Labs</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="145" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-257x145.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-257x145.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-211x119.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-317x179.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-768x433.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-710x400.jpg 710w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-732x412.jpg 732w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-720x406.jpg 720w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-635x358.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-350x197.jpg 350w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-300x169.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022-128x72.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/MCL_WP-061022.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Ingenuity + Instrumentation: Creating a Novel 4D Microscopy Method</b><p>Tracking particles at the micro or nanoscale is inherently difficult due to the complexity of the systems studied, as well as the technical challenges: a blend of instrument design, photonics, modeling, and imaging</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3T2KmTU" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">WITec</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="159" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-257x159.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-257x159.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-211x130.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-317x196.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-647x400.jpg 647w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-635x393.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-319x197.jpg 319w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-300x186.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-146x90.jpg 146w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922-128x79.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WITec-080922.jpg 650w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Looking into Batteries with Raman - Correlative RISE Microscopy Studies of Li-ion Cells</b><p>We show how RISE microscopy can document changes of new and used electrodes and provide insight to aid the development of batteries with greater longevity</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3C2Pl1f" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Edinburgh Instruments</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="174" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-257x174.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-257x174.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-211x143.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-317x215.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-291x197.jpg 291w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-300x203.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-133x90.jpg 133w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922-128x87.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/EI-010922.jpg 400w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Whisky Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy</b><p>In this application note, we detail the quantitative use of Raman spectroscopy to determine ethanol content in samples of whisky, demonstrating that samples can be analysed rapidly making Raman spectroscopy an ideal technique for ensuring whisky is being sold safely and legitimately</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3T5XXue" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner-ad"> <span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-19' class="advert"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-19'); }); </script> </div></span></div> <div class="m39 wrapper"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h3 class="section-breaks__heading">Webinars from Luminate</h3> </div></div> <div class="m33 wrapper m33-b"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="article__image"> <img width="350" height="175" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-350x175.png" class="attachment-1-3-cols size-1-3-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-350x175.png 350w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-317x159.png 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-211x106.png 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-300x150.png 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-160x80.png 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-257x129.png 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image-128x64.png 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-11.12.20-webinar-web-image.png 500w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <p>Hear how Luminate’s immediate financial support can help move your optics, photonics, or imaging technology into market faster</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3looFgo" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="article__image"> <img width="350" height="175" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-350x175.png" class="attachment-1-3-cols size-1-3-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-350x175.png 350w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-317x159.png 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-211x106.png 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-300x150.png 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-160x80.png 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-257x129.png 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image-128x64.png 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.3.20-webinar-web-image.png 500w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <p>The Luminate accelerator offers startups the chance to earn $2m in financial backing. Learn from past participants how Luminate’s support helped their business</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3looFgo" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="article__image"> <img width="350" height="175" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-350x175.png" class="attachment-1-3-cols size-1-3-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-350x175.png 350w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-317x159.png 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-211x106.png 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-300x150.png 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-160x80.png 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-257x129.png 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image-128x64.png 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Luminate-12.16.20-webinar-web-image.png 500w" sizes="(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <p>Luminate is looking for its fourth cohort of startups that are developing optics-, photonics-, or imaging-enabled technology. Learn how you can apply for up to $2m in funding</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3looFgo" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner-ad"> <span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-20'class="advert"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-20'); }); </script> </div></span></div> <div class="m33 wrapper m33-c"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h3 class="section-breaks__heading">White papers and webinar from RaySearch Laboratories</h3> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp1.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp1.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp1-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp1-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Machine learning automated treatment planning </b><p>RayStation’s machine learning planning module generates deliverable radiotherapy treatment plans in just minutes</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3mdCYV2" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp2.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp2.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp2-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp2-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Optimizing the patient journey with RayCare</b><p>Provision CARES Proton Therapy in Nashville is the first clinic to connect RayCare directly to the treatment delivery system</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/37vygO8" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp3.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp3.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp3-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp3-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Deep-learning segmentation</b><p>Deep-learning segmentation automatically generate contours of all relevant regions-of-interests in under a minute</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/2HnYA24" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp4.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp4.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp4-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp4-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Automated robust planning for IMPT in HN cancer using machine learning </b><p>UMCG and RaySearch evaluate the first fully automated machine learning framework for generating robust treatment plans</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/2HwLDm4" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m33 wrapper m33-c"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp5.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp5.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp5-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp5-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp5-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Multi-criteria optimization in RayStation</b><p>Multi-criteria optimization provides a streamlined and intuitive radiotherapy treatment planning workflow</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/2TdOenQ" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp6.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp6.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp6-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp6-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp6-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>RayCare connectivity</b><p>Exploring the integration of the RayCare oncology information system between hospital information systems</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3jidofH" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Access now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading"> </h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp7.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp7.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp7-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp7-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RaySearch-wp7-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Machine learning in radiation oncology </b><p>The RaySearch team discuss machine learning, including an introduction to RayIntelligence</p> <a href="https://bit.ly/3knVKbt" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Watch now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="content-block"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m33 wrapper m33-c"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h3 class="section-breaks__heading">Latest webinars</h3> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Park Systems</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="146" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-257x146.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-257x146.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-317x180.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-348x197.jpg 348w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-300x170.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-128x73.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2-346x196.jpg 346w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-2.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>PinPoint Piezoelectric Force Microscopy</b><p>Introducing the principles behind piezoelectric force microscopy and reviewing its potential for investigating electric domain structures</p> <a href="http://physicsworld.msgfocus.com/k/Iop/pw_wp_parksystems_16062020_pinpointforce" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Watch now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Park Systems</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="240" height="136" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-1.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-1.jpg 240w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-1-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-1-128x73.jpg 128w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>In-Air and In-Liquid AFM Imaging with PinPoint Nanomechanical Mode</b><p>Creating quantitative maps of the mechanical properties of various materials, ranging from hard disks to soft tissues</p> <a href="http://physicsworld.msgfocus.com/k/Iop/pw_wp_parksystems_16062020_inairinliquidafm" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Watch now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Park Systems</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="146" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-257x146.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-257x146.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-317x180.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-348x197.jpg 348w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-300x170.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-128x73.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3-346x196.jpg 346w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Park-Systems-IS-3.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy (SICM) and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)</b><p>Explaining the basics of both techniques and discussing their applications in analytical chemistry and electrochemistry</p> <a href="http://physicsworld.msgfocus.com/k/Iop/pw_wp_parksystems_16062020_scanningionconductance" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Watch now </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">WITec</h2> </div> <div class="article__image"> <img width="257" height="146" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-257x146.jpg" class="attachment-1-4-cols size-1-4-cols" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-257x146.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-317x180.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-211x120.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-348x197.jpg 348w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-300x170.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-160x90.jpg 160w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-128x73.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS-346x196.jpg 346w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WiTec-IS.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px" /> </div> <div class="content-block"> <b>The Analytical Power of Correlative Raman Imaging: New Developments, Tools and Applications</b><p>How confocal Raman imaging can identify molecules and visualize their distribution in 3D space</p> <a href="https://www.witec.de/resources-and-education/webinars/registration-internal/detail/26" class="btn btn--green" rel="nofollow sponsored"> Watch now </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper m16a"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 marketing-collateral"> <div class="marketing-collateral__item"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/magazine/archive/physics-world-careers-2024/" class="marketing-collateral__image object-fit-element"> <img width="311" height="197" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-311x197.jpg" class="attachment-1-3-cols size-1-3-cols wp-post-image" alt="" loading="lazy" decoding="async" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-311x197.jpg 311w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-211x134.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-317x201.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-768x487.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-631x400.jpg 631w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-650x412.jpg 650w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-647x410.jpg 647w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-635x402.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-257x163.jpg 257w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-300x190.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-142x90.jpg 142w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile-128x81.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Marketing-tile.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 311px) 100vw, 311px" /> <div class="journal-ad__content"> </div> </a> <div class="marketing-collateral__info" style="background-color: #b2b6c7"> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/magazine/archive/physics-world-careers-2024/"> <h3 class="marketing-collateral__title" >Physics World Careers <i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></h3> </a> <p>The 2024 edition of <em>Physics World Careers</em> is packed full of advice for early-career scientists. Including a range of valuable advice, informative case studies and recruiter profiles, it demonstrates the variety of jobs that use a physics degree.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='m21b wrapper'> <div class='row'> <div class="corporate-partners col-md-12"> <ul> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-2'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-2'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-3'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-3'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-4'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-4'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-5'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-5'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-6'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-6'); }); </script> </div> </span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-7'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-7'); }); </script> </div></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wrapper m08b"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Related jobs</h2> </div> <div class="bright-recruits"> <ul class='bright-recruits__jobs'> <li class="bright-recruits__item"> <a href="https://www.physicsworldjobs.com/job/19554/postdoctoral-fellow-f-m-in-time-resolved-x-ray-science-on-the-beamline-id09/?trackid=9&utm_source=RestAPI&utm_medium=Referral" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-id="19554" > <span class="bright-recruits__location"> France | European Synchrotron Radiation Facility </span> <h4 class="bright-recruits__title">Postdoctoral fellow (f/m) in time-resolved X-ray science on the beamline ID09</h4> </a> </li> <li class="bright-recruits__item"> <a href="https://www.physicsworldjobs.com/job/19475/director-of-science/?trackid=9&utm_source=RestAPI&utm_medium=Referral" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-id="19475" > <span class="bright-recruits__location"> Czech Republic | The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC </span> <h4 class="bright-recruits__title">Director of Science</h4> </a> </li> <li class="bright-recruits__item"> <a href="https://www.physicsworldjobs.com/job/19204/recruitment-of-overseas-high-level-talent/?trackid=9&utm_source=RestAPI&utm_medium=Referral" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-id="19204" > <span class="bright-recruits__location"> Beijing | Institute of High Energy Physics – Chinese Academy of Sciences </span> <h4 class="bright-recruits__title">Recruitment of Overseas High-level Talent</h4> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='col-xs-6'> <div class="section-breaks"> <h2 class="section-breaks__heading">Related events</h2> </div> <div class="bright-recruits"> <ul class='bright-recruits__jobs'> <li class="bright-recruits__item"> <span class="bright-recruits__location">Medical physics | Course</php></span> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/event/hybrid-teaching-course-particle-therapy/" class="bright-recruits__title related-title"> Hybrid Teaching Course Particle Therapy </a> <span class="bright-recruits__date">14 October &mdash; 29 November 2024 | Heidelberg, Germany</span> </li> <li class="bright-recruits__item"> <span class="bright-recruits__location">Medical physics | Meeting</php></span> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/event/medical-physics-group-translational-techniques-in-medical-physics/" class="bright-recruits__title related-title"> Medical Physics Group Translational Techniques in Medical Physics </a> <span class="bright-recruits__date">29 November 2024 | London, UK</span> </li> <li class="bright-recruits__item"> <span class="bright-recruits__location">Scientific enterprise | Conference</php></span> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/event/4th-international-conference-on-advancing-knowledge-from-multidisciplinary-perspectives-in-engineering-technology-icakmpet/" class="bright-recruits__title related-title"> 4th International Conference on Advancing Knowledge from Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Engineering &amp; Technology (ICAKMPET) </a> <span class="bright-recruits__date">26&mdash;27 January 2025 | Manila, Philippines</span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='m21 wrapper'> <div class='row'> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="corporate-partners col-md-12"> <ul> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-12'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-12'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-13'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-13'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-14'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-14'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-15'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-15'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-1563269243507-0' > <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1563269243507-0'); }); </script> </div></span></li> <li><span class="mpu align-none" aria-hidden="true"><div id='div-gpt-ad-3759129-17' > <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-3759129-17'); }); </script> </div></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="printer-only push-me">Copyright &copy; 2024 by IOP Publishing Ltd and individual contributors</div> </main> <footer class="footer hide-for-printer"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer__container"> <div class="pw__info footer__grid-col--1"> <img src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/src/svg/pw-logo-white-red-text.svg" alt="Physics World logo" width="228px" height="42px"> <ul class="footer__social"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/physicsworld/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" alt="Follow us on Facebook"> <i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow us on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/PhysicsWorld" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" alt="Follow us on X"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" shape-rendering="geometricPrecision" text-rendering="geometricPrecision" image-rendering="optimizeQuality" fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" viewBox="0 0 512 462.799"><path fill-rule="nonzero" fill="currentColor" d="M403.229 0h78.506L310.219 196.04 512 462.799H354.002L230.261 301.007 88.669 462.799h-78.56l183.455-209.683L0 0h161.999l111.856 147.88L403.229 0zm-27.556 415.805h43.505L138.363 44.527h-46.68l283.99 371.278z"/></svg> <span class="sr-only">Follow us on X</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/physics-world" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" alt="Follow us on LinkedIn"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Follow us on LinkedIn</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/PhysicsWorldTV" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" alt="Watch us on Youtube"> <i class="fa fa-youtube-play" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Watch us on Youtube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/feed" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" alt="RSS Feed"> <i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">RSS Feed</span> </a> </li> </ul> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/account/sign-in/" class="btn btn--sign-in">Sign in</a> <a href="https://physicsworld.com/account/register/" class="btn">Register</a> </div> <div class="col__border-top footer__grid-col--2"> <h4 class="footer__heading">Our mission</h4> <p><i>Physics World</i> represents a key part of IOP Publishing&#8217;s mission to communicate world-class research and innovation to the widest possible audience. The website forms part of the <a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/our-portfolio/"><i>Physics World</i> portfolio</a>, a collection of online, digital and print information services for the global scientific community.</p> <div class="footer__podcasts"> <h4 class="footer__heading">Podcasts</h4> <a href="https://blubrry.com/physicsworldweeklypodcast/" class="footer__podcast" target="_blank" > <img width="150" height="150" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1.jpg" class="attachment-profile_150 size-profile_150" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1.jpg 1500w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-317x317.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-211x211.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-400x400.jpg 400w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-410x410.jpg 410w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-635x635.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-197x197.jpg 197w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-250x250.jpg 250w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-90x90.jpg 90w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-193x193.jpg 193w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-196x196.jpg 196w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PW-Podcast-WEEKLY-comp-1-412x412.jpg 412w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /> <div class="podcast-details"> <h4>Physics World Weekly</h4> </div> </a> <a href="https://blubrry.com/physics_world_science_podcast/" class="footer__podcast" target="_blank" > <img width="150" height="150" src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-150x150.jpg" class="attachment-profile_150 size-profile_150" alt="Physics World Stories podcast logo" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-150x150.jpg 150w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-211x211.jpg 211w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-317x317.jpg 317w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-768x768.jpg 768w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-400x400.jpg 400w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-410x410.jpg 410w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-635x635.jpg 635w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-197x197.jpg 197w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-250x250.jpg 250w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-90x90.jpg 90w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-193x193.jpg 193w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-128x128.jpg 128w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-196x196.jpg 196w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-412x412.jpg 412w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-24x24.jpg 24w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-48x48.jpg 48w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-96x96.jpg 96w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized-300x300.jpg 300w, https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/PW-podcast-logo-STORIES-resized.jpg 2000w" sizes="(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px" /> <div class="podcast-details"> <h4>Physics World Stories</h4> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col__border-top footer__grid-col--3"> <h4 class="footer__heading">Explore</h4> <div class="menu-footer-1-container"><ul id="menu-footer-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-65637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65637"><a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65638" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65638"><a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/our-team/">Our team</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65639" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65639"><a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/our-portfolio/">Our portfolio</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65640" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-65640"><a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/advertising/">Advertising</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67467" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-67467"><a href="https://physicsworld.com/p/contact-us/">Contact us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-67496"><a rel="noreferrer" href="mailto:pwld@ioppublishing.org">Feedback</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="col__border-top footer__grid-col--4"> <h4 class="footer__heading">More information</h4> <div class="menu-footer-2-container"><ul id="menu-footer-2" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-65641" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-65641"><a rel="noreferrer" href="http://www.iop.org/">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-67295" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-67295"><a rel="noreferrer" href="https://membership.iop.org/">Join the Institute</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-66155"><a rel="noreferrer" href="https://www.iop.org/slavery-and-human-trafficking-statement-financial-year-ending-31-december-2020">Modern Slavery Act</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66151" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-66151"><a rel="noreferrer" href="https://physicsworld.com/p/cookies-privacy-policy/">Privacy and cookies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65642" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-65642"><a rel="noreferrer" href="http://ioppublishing.org/">IOP Publishing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66154" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-66154"><a rel="noreferrer" href="http://ioppublishing.org/copyright/">Copyright</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66153" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-66153"><a rel="noreferrer" href="http://ioppublishing.org/legal-statements/terms-conditions/">Terms and conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-66152" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-66152"><a rel="noreferrer" href="http://ioppublishing.org/legal-statements/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <button class="back-to-top">Back to top</button> </footer> <script id="js-onesignal-ga"> "use strict"; window.OneSignal = window.OneSignal || []; // In some browsers the console might be undefined const log = function (message) { console && console.log(message); }; const callback = function (payload) { log("OneSignal notification opened!"); OneSignal.getUserId(function (user_id) { ga("send", { hitType: "event", eventCategory: 'OSNotification', eventAction: 'u_id ' + user_id, eventLabel: 'n_id ' + payload.id }); }); // Allow future opens to also trigger the callback OneSignal.addListenerForNotificationOpened(callback); }; // Defer function until OneSignal has finished loading OneSignal.push(function () { log("OneSignal loaded!"); // Listen for notification opened OneSignal.addListenerForNotificationOpened(callback); }); </script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/plugins/leaky-paywall/js/micromodal.min.js?ver=4.21.5" id="zeen101_micromodal-js"></script> <script id="leaky_paywall_validate-js-extra"> var leaky_paywall_validate_ajax = {"ajaxurl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","register_nonce":"154c1dcdf8","password_text":"Passwords do not match."}; </script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/plugins/leaky-paywall/js/leaky-paywall-validate.js?ver=4.21.5" id="leaky_paywall_validate-js"></script> <script id="leaky_paywall_script-js-extra"> var leaky_paywall_script_ajax = {"ajaxurl":"\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","stripe_pk":""}; </script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/plugins/leaky-paywall/js/script.js?ver=4.21.5" id="leaky_paywall_script-js"></script> <script id="nine3-script-js-extra"> var nine3 = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"14158938c8","marker":"https:\/\/physicsworld.com\/wp-content\/themes\/iopp\/images\/marker.png","debug":""}; </script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/dist/js/main.07e93a0f6d984f4fc58037a5e7bc9a89.js?ver=6.6.1" id="nine3-script-js"></script> <script src="https://physicsworld.com/wp-content/themes/iopp/static/js/sticky.min.js?ver=1645453936640" id="stickykit-js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/mathjax/MathJax@2.7.1/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML&amp;ver=1645453936640" id="mathjax-js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.onesignal.com/sdks/OneSignalSDK.js?ver=1.0.0" id="remote_sdk-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10