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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Socialist_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socialist_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Socialist nationalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socialist_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marxist_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marxist_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Marxist interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marxist_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stalinism_and_revolutionary_patriotism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stalinism_and_revolutionary_patriotism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Stalinism and revolutionary patriotism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stalinism_and_revolutionary_patriotism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titoism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titoism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Titoism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titoism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mauritius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mauritius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>Mauritius</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mauritius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.2</span> <span>Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Americas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Americas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Americas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Americas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Latin_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latin_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Latin America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latin_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1.1</span> <span>Cuba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Venezuela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Venezuela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1.2</span> <span>Venezuela</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Venezuela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.2.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Korea_under_Japanese_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea_under_Japanese_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1.1</span> <span>Korea under Japanese rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea_under_Japanese_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1.2</span> <span>North Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1.3</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>Taiwan (Republic of China)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.1</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.2</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.3</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.4</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.5</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.6</span> <span>Turkey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.7</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9.8</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11.1</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_left-wing_nationalist_political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_left-wing_nationalist_political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>List of left-wing nationalist political parties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_left-wing_nationalist_political_parties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of left-wing nationalist political parties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_left-wing_nationalist_political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Current parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Historical parties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Left-wing nationalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قومية يسارية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قومية يسارية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismu_d%27izquierda" title="Nacionalismu d'izquierda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nacionalismu d'izquierda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_milliy%C9%99t%C3%A7ilik" title="Sol milliyətçilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sol milliyətçilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Ляв национализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ляв национализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalisme_d%27esquerres" title="Nacionalisme d'esquerres – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nacionalisme d'esquerres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levicov%C3%BD_nacionalismus" title="Levicový nacionalismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Levicový nacionalismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linksnationalismus" title="Linksnationalismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Linksnationalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Αριστερός εθνικισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αριστερός εθνικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_de_izquierda" title="Nacionalismo de izquierda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nacionalismo de izquierda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%BE" title="ملی‌گرایی چپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ملی‌گرایی چپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalisme_de_gauche" title="Nationalisme de gauche – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nationalisme de gauche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A2%8C%EC%9D%B5_%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="좌익 국민주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="좌익 국민주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljevi%C4%8Darski_nacionalizam" title="Ljevičarski nacionalizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ljevičarski nacionalizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasionalisme_sayap_kiri" title="Nasionalisme sayap kiri – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nasionalisme sayap kiri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazionalismo_di_sinistra" title="Nazionalismo di sinistra – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nazionalismo di sinistra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AA%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="მემარცხენე ნაციონალიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მემარცხენე ნაციონალიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linksnationalisme" title="Linksnationalisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Linksnationalisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="वामपन्थी राष्ट्रवाद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वामपन्थी राष्ट्रवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="左翼ナショナリズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="左翼ナショナリズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venstrenasjonalisme" title="Venstrenasjonalisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Venstrenasjonalisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewica_narodowa" title="Lewica narodowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lewica narodowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_de_esquerda" title="Nacionalismo de esquerda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nacionalismo de esquerda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalism_de_st%C3%A2nga" title="Naționalism de stânga – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naționalism de stânga" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Левый национализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Левый национализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalism" title="Category:Nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;padding-bottom:0.15em;"><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a> forming</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalism in Antiquity">Nationalism in Antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Nationalism in the Middle Ages">Nationalism in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem" title="National emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_of_the_Nation" title="Father of the Nation">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation-state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core values</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegiance" title="Allegiance">Allegiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity" title="Solidarity">Solidarity</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_nationalism" title="Types of nationalism">Types</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnopluralism" title="Ethnopluralism">Ethnopluralism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homosexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Left-wing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">populism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalism" title="Japanese nationalism">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim nationalism">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">Sikh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National Bolshevik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legionarism" class="mw-redirect" title="Legionarism">Legionarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rexism">Rexism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-nationalism" title="Techno-nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-globalization_movement" title="Anti-globalization movement">Anti-globalization movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_religion" title="Civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanism" title="Cosmopolitanism">Cosmopolitanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocentrism" title="Ethnocentrism">Ethnocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociological_Francoism" title="Sociological Francoism">Francoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">Gastronationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Gender and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_historiography" title="Nationalist historiography">Historiography and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagined_community" title="Imagined community">Imagined community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">Jingoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postnationalism" title="Postnationalism">Post-</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">Seasonal or cultural festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity" title="Subsidiarity">Subsidiarity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsidiarity_(Catholicism)" title="Subsidiarity (Catholicism)">in Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #d33; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/75px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/113px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Red_flag_waving.svg/150px-Red_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding-bottom:0.35em; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:0px solid;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Development</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collective_ownership" title="Collective ownership">Collective ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Freed market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Input%E2%80%93output_model" title="Input–output model">Input–output model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labour-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_balance_planning" title="Material balance planning">Material balance planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_peer-to-peer_processes#P2P_economic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Social peer-to-peer processes">Peer‑to‑peer economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharing_economy" title="Sharing economy">Sharing economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Spontaneism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Social ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">Socialism in one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_democracy" title="Soviet democracy">Soviet democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">Strike action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_each_according_to_his_contribution" title="To each according to his contribution">To each according to his contribution</a>/<a href="/wiki/From_each_according_to_his_ability,_to_each_according_to_his_needs" title="From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs">needs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">Vanguardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Workers' self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Models</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Relationship_with_socialism" title="Planned economy">Socialist planned economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive Democracy">Inclusive Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAS" title="OGAS">OGAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Cybersyn" title="Project Cybersyn">Project Cybersyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-type_economic_planning" title="Soviet-type economic planning">Soviet-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market socialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lange_model" title="Lange model">Lange model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist-oriented_market_economy" title="Socialist-oriented market economy">Socialist-oriented market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_economics" title="Participatory economics">Participatory economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st-century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_road_to_socialism" title="Democratic road to socialism">Democratic road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary socialism">Evolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Gandhian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Marhaenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_socialism" title="Municipal socialism">Municipal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nkrumaism" title="Nkrumaism">Nkrumaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular socialism">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardian_socialism" title="Ricardian socialism">Ricardian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon#Ideas" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewer_socialism" title="Sewer socialism">Sewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_socialism" title="Yellow socialism">Yellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine_de_Saint-Just" title="Louis Antoine de Saint-Just">Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kingsley" title="Charles Kingsley">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Saltykov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sorel" title="Georges Sorel">Sorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer" title="Francisco Ferrer">Ferrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Landauer" title="Gustav Landauer">Landauer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Berkman" title="Alexander Berkman">Berkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Rocker" title="Rudolf Rocker">Rocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Spengler" title="Oswald Spengler">Spengler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volin" title="Volin">Volin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Korsch" title="Karl Korsch">Korsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Vanzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeo_Bordiga" title="Amadeo Bordiga">Bordiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Serge" title="Victor Serge">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacco_and_Vanzetti" title="Sacco and Vanzetti">Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._L._R._James" title="C. L. R. James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federica_Montseny" title="Federica Montseny">Montseny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takis_Fotopoulos" title="Takis Fotopoulos">Fotopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_D._Wolff" title="Richard D. Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_%C3%96calan" title="Abdullah Öcalan">Öcalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavoj_%C5%BDi%C5%BEek" title="Slavoj Žižek">Žižek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohei_Saito" title="Kohei Saito">Saito</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchi">Gracchi Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Roux" title="Jacques Roux">Roux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Xiuquan" title="Hong Xiuquan">Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Martov" title="Julius Martov">Martov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Spiridonova" title="Maria Spiridonova">Spiridonova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Tito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenaventura_Durruti" title="Buenaventura Durruti">Durruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tage_Erlander" title="Tage Erlander">Erlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_van_der_Lubbe" title="Marinus van der Lubbe">van der Lubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Kreisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sankara" title="Thomas Sankara">Sankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Galloway" title="George Galloway">Galloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcomandante_Marcos" title="Subcomandante Marcos">Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">Communist society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_system" title="Economic system">Economic system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">French Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_economists" title="List of socialist economists">List of socialist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_abolitionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Market abolitionism">Market abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_LGBTQ_rights" title="Socialism and LGBTQ rights">Socialism and LGBTQ rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party" title="Socialist Party">Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #d33; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism-related_lists" title="Category:Socialism-related lists">Related lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism" title="Category:Socialism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialism_by_country" title="Category:Socialism by country">By country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialists" title="Category:Socialists">Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_socialist_songs" title="List of socialist songs">Songs</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal; border-top:1px solid #d33; border-bottom:1px solid #d33;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_flag_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/16px-Red_flag_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/24px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Red_flag_II.svg/32px-Red_flag_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="411" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Socialism" title="Portal:Socialism">Socialism portal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Socialism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Socialism">WikiProject</a>)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/16px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/24px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/32px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organized_Labour" title="Portal:Organized Labour">Organized Labour portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">BDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures of economic progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysics" title="Metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Post</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_rights" title="Youth rights">Youth rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_DiAngelo" title="Robin DiAngelo">DiAngelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Lee (Barbara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee (Summer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JB_Pritzker" title="JB Pritzker">Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau (Pierre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a></i> (1987–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Fragility" title="White Fragility">White Fragility</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice_Racism" title="Nice Racism">Nice Racism</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTXT" title="CTXT">CTXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Wiki">Rational Wiki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_political_parties_(Japan)" title="Progressive political parties (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green_alliance" title="Red–green alliance">Red–green alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">In United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #800080; border-bottom:1px solid #800080; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Left-wing nationalism</b> or <b>leftist nationalism</b> (in certain contexts also called <b>Popular nationalism</b> by those who do not adhere to the left-right plane, or in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Conservative_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative nationalism">Conservative nationalism</a>) is a form of <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> which is based upon <a href="/wiki/National_self-determination" class="mw-redirect" title="National self-determination">national self-determination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing political positions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Left-wing nationalism can also include <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="National liberation">national liberation</a> movements.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith,_Angel_1999._Pp._30_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith,_Angel_1999._Pp._30-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Left-wing nationalism often stands in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">right-wing nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Terms such as <i>nationalist socialism</i>, <i>social nationalism</i> and <i>socialist nationalism</i> are not to be confused with the German <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> espoused by the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> which called itself <i><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a></i>. This ideology advocated the supremacy and territorial expansion of the German nation based on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">Nazi racial theories</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a>, while opposing <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_self-determination" class="mw-redirect" title="National self-determination">national self-determination</a> for non-Germans. Left-wing nationalism does not promote the view that one race is superior to others. </p><p>Some left-wing nationalist groups have historically used the term <i><a href="/wiki/National_Socialism_(disambiguation)#Other_unrelated_ideologies_and_organizations" class="mw-disambig" title="National Socialism (disambiguation)">national socialism</a></i> for themselves, but only before the rise of the Nazis or outside Europe. Since the Nazis' rise to prominence, <i>national socialism</i> has become associated almost exclusively with their ideas and it is rarely used in relation to left-wing nationalism in Europe, with <i>nationalist socialism</i> or <i>socialist nationalism</i> being preferred over <i>national socialism</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Left-wing nationalists typically have a socialist (democratic or authoritarian), social democratic, progressive, or societally conservative background (the conservative left) combined with a preference for nation-state sovereignty. Left-wing nationalists therefore strive to reduce the wealth gap in the country, retain control or nationalize public services (such as health, energy and public transport). Left-wing nationalist movements do not tend to advocate supremacy, however, certain forms of left-wing nationalism have adopted <a href="/wiki/Racialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Racialism">racialist</a> theses favorable to a homogeneous society, with opposition to immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important to emphasise that there is not just one type of left-wing nationalism: the nation can be framed in many different ways, which means that left-wing politics drawing on national identity can do so in different manners and with varying levels of inclusiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this context, left nationalists completely or to a large extent reject <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a> and supranational interference. Left-wing nationalists want countries to decide for themselves on issues such as the economy, health and defense.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_democratic_nationalism">Social democratic nationalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social democratic nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social democratic nationalism is strongly diffused in certain developing nations but also in part of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>. </p><p>As a European example, the Slovak party <a href="/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Direction – Social Democracy">Direction – Social Democracy</a> supported a moderate nationalist conception of <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> in the 2020s which translated into a clear rejection of immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the campaign for the <a href="/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election" title="2023 Turkish presidential election">2023 Turkish presidential election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a> and its presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a> openly adopted a stance against illegal immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> had also held a similar line in its history in the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_ethno-nationalism">Social ethno-nationalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Social ethno-nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social Ethno-nationalism is a doctrine aimed at promoting social progress while defending the ethnic interests of different peoples, both emancipation and supremacy. </p><p>For example, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a> had a strong <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white nationalist</a> component and has openly supported the <a href="/wiki/White_Australia_policy" title="White Australia policy">White Australia policy</a> in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Secular <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a> advocated by <a href="/wiki/Baathism" class="mw-redirect" title="Baathism">Baathism</a> and previously by <a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a> defends <a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a>, which emphasizes a <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularist</a> and progressive position seeking (at least in principle) to integrate <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> and others by eliminating tribal and sectarian divisions. </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">black nationalism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> aimed at defending the interests of <a href="/wiki/African-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="African-Americans">African-Americans</a> was highly influential in the 1970s with groups like the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panthers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Panthers Party">Black Panthers Party</a>. </p><p>South American indigenous groups also have as their basis the defense of the ethnic interests of Amerindians while promoting social progress and the sharing of wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socialist_nationalism">Socialist nationalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Socialist nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">National Socialism</a>.</div> <p>Socialist nationalism is a concept that refers to the combination of socialism with nationalism or with some form of national sentiment or nationality. The term contrasts with the internationalism of Marxist socialism and is generally applied to certain non-Marxist variants of socialism such as Argentine <a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Burmese_Way_to_Socialism" title="Burmese Way to Socialism">Burmese Way to Socialism</a>, Pan-Arab <a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDevlin197532_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDevlin197532-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/African_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="African Socialism">African Socialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-socialism">Neo-socialism</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p><p>Forms influenced by Marxism while being independent of it such as <a href="/wiki/Sandinismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandinismo">Sandinismo</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Left-wing nationalisms that have not been influenced by <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> are mostly hostile to Marxist principles of <a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">class struggle</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">state atheism</a>, particularly forms influenced by <a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">religious socialisms</a> or defending moderate <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marxist_interpretation">Marxist interpretation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Marxist interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> identifies the nation as a socioeconomic construction created after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal system</a> which was utilized to create the <a href="/wiki/Capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitalist">capitalist</a> economic system.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Classical_Marxism" title="Classical Marxism">Classical Marxists</a> have unanimously claimed that nationalism is a bourgeois phenomenon that is not associated with Marxism.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In certain instances, Marxism has supported patriotic movements if they were in the interest of class struggle, but rejects other nationalist movements deemed to distract workers from their necessary goal of defeating the bourgeoisie.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marxists have evaluated certain nations to be <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> and other nations to be <a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">reactionary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> supported interpretations of Marx tolerating the use of proletarian patriotism that promoted class struggle within an internationalist framework.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> interpreted issues concerning nationality on a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_evolution" title="Cultural evolution">social evolutionary</a> basis. Marx and Engels claim that the creation of the modern nation state is the result of the replacement of feudalism with the <a href="/wiki/Capitalist_mode_of_production_(Marxist_theory)" title="Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)">capitalist mode of production</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the replacement of feudalism with capitalism, capitalists sought to unify and centralize populations' culture and language within states in order to create conditions conducive to a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> in terms of having a common language to coordinate the economy, contain a large enough population in the state to insure an internal division of labor and contain a large enough territory for a state to maintain a viable economy.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Marx and Engels saw the origins of the nation state and national identity as bourgeois in nature, both believed that the creation of the centralized state as a result of the collapse of feudalism and creation of capitalism had created positive social conditions to stimulate class struggle.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx followed <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a>'s view that the creation of individual-centered <a href="/wiki/Civil_society" title="Civil society">civil society</a> by states as a positive development in that it dismantled previous religious-based society and freed individual conscience.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_German_Ideology" title="The German Ideology">The German Ideology</a></i>, Marx claims that although civil society is a capitalist creation and represents bourgeois class rule, it is beneficial to the proletariat because it is unstable in that neither states nor the bourgeoisie can control a civil society.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx described this in detail in <i>The German Ideology</i>, stating: </p> <blockquote><p>Civil society embraces the whole material intercourse of individuals within a definite stage of development of productive forces. It embraces the whole commercial and industrial life of a given stage, and, insofar, transcends the state and the nation, though on the other hand, it must assert itself in its foreign relations as nationality and inwardly must organize itself as a state.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Marx and Engels evaluated progressive nationalism as involving the destruction of feudalism and believed that it was a beneficial step, but they evaluated nationalism detrimental to the evolution of international class struggle as reactionary and necessary to be destroyed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx and Engels believed that certain nations that could not consolidate viable nation-states should be assimilated into other nations that were more viable and further in Marxian evolutionary economic progress.<sup id="cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the issue of nations and the proletariat, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i> says: </p> <blockquote><p>The working men have no country. We cannot take from them what they have not got. Since the proletariat must first of all acquire political supremacy, must rise to be the leading class of the nation, must constitute itself the nation, it is so far, itself national, though not in the bourgeois sense of the word. National differences and antagonism between peoples are daily more and more vanishing, owing to the development of the bourgeoisie, to freedom of commerce, to the world market, to uniformity in the mode of production and in the conditions of life corresponding thereto. The supremacy of the proletariat will cause them to vanish still faster. United action, of the leading civilized countries at least, is one of the first conditions for the emancipation of the proletariat.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In general, Marx preferred internationalism and interaction between nations in class struggle, saying in <i>Preface to the Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</i> that "[o]ne nation can and should learn from others".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, although Marx and Engels criticized Irish unrest for delaying a worker's revolution in England, they believed that Ireland was oppressed by <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain</a>, but that the Irish people would better serve their own interests by joining proponents of class struggle in Europe as Marx and Engels claimed that the socialist workers of Europe were the natural allies of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx and Engels also believed that it was in Britain's best interest to let Ireland go as the Ireland issue was being used by elites to unite the British working class with the elites against the Irish.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stalinism_and_revolutionary_patriotism">Stalinism and revolutionary patriotism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Stalinism and revolutionary patriotism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> promoted a civic patriotic concept called revolutionary patriotism in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a youth, Stalin had been active in the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationalism" title="Georgian nationalism">Georgian nationalist movement</a> and was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Ilia_Chavchavadze" title="Ilia Chavchavadze">Ilia Chavchavadze</a>, who promoted <a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">cultural nationalism</a>, material development of the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian people">Georgian people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">statist</a> economy and education systems.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Stalin joined the Georgian Marxists, Marxism in Georgia was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Noe Zhordania</a>, who evoked Georgian patriotic themes and opposition to Russian imperial control of Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhordania claimed that communal bonds existed between peoples that created the plural sense of countries and went further to say that the Georgian sense of <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">identity</a> pre-existed capitalism and the capitalist conception of <a href="/wiki/Nationhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationhood">nationhood</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After becoming a <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> in the 20th century, he became fervently opposed to national culture, denouncing the concept of contemporary nationality as bourgeois in origin and accused nationality of causing retention of "harmful habits and institutions".<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Stalin believed that cultural communities did exist where people lived common lives and were united by holistic bonds, claiming that there were real nations while others that did not fit these traits were paper nations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stalin defined the nation as being "neither racial nor tribal, but a historically formed community of people".<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stalin believed that the assimilation of primitive nationalities like <a href="/wiki/Abkhazians" title="Abkhazians">Abkhazians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tartars" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartars">Tartars</a> into the Georgian and Russian nations was beneficial.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stalin claimed that all nations were assimilating foreign values and that the nationality as a community was diluting under the pressures of capitalism and with rising rational universality.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1913, Stalin rejected the concept of national identity entirely and advocated in favor of a universal cosmopolitan modernity.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stalin identified Russian culture as having greater universalist identity than that of other nations.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stalin's view of vanguard and progressive nations such as Russia, Germany and Hungary in contrast to nations he deemed primitive is claimed to be related to Engels' views.<sup id="cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Titoism">Titoism</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Titoism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> under the rule of <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> and the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">League of Communists of Yugoslavia</a> promoted both <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> and Yugoslav nationalism (<a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">Yugoslavism</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i.e. <a href="/wiki/Socialist_patriotism" title="Socialist patriotism">socialist patriotism</a>. Tito's Yugoslavia was overtly nationalistic in its attempts to promote unity between the Yugoslav nations within Yugoslavia and asserting Yugoslavia's independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To unify the Yugoslav nations, the government promoted the concept of <a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_and_unity" title="Brotherhood and unity">brotherhood and unity</a> in which the Yugoslav nations would overcome their cultural and linguistic differences through promoting fraternal relations between the nations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This nationalism was opposed to <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">cultural assimilation</a> as had been carried out by the previous <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav monarchy</a>, but it was instead based upon <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While promoting a Yugoslav nationalism, the Yugoslav government was staunchly opposed to any factional <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a> or domination by the existing nationalities as Tito denounced ethnic nationalism in general as being based on hatred and was the cause of war.<sup id="cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The League of Communists of Yugoslavia blamed the factional division and conflict between the Yugoslav nations on foreign <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tito built strong relations with states that had strong socialist and nationalist governments in power such as <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> under <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> under <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In spite of these attempts to create a left-wing Yugoslav national identity, factional divisions between Yugoslav nationalities remained strong and it was largely the power of the party and popularity of Tito that held the country together.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country">By country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Africa">Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mauritius">Mauritius</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mauritius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Left-wing nationalism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mauritian_Militant_Movement" title="Mauritian Militant Movement">Mauritian Militant Movement</a> (MMM) is a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> formed by a group of students in the late 1960s, advocating independence from the United Kingdom, socialism and social unity. The MMM advocates what it sees as a fairer society, without discrimination on the basis of social class, race, community, caste, religion, gender or sexual orientation. </p><p>The MMM was founded in 1968 as a <a href="/wiki/Student_activism" title="Student activism">students' movement</a> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_B%C3%A9renger" title="Paul Bérenger">Paul Bérenger</a>, Dev Virahsawmy, Jooneed Jeeroburkhan, Chafeekh Jeeroburkhan, Sushil Kushiram, Tirat Ramkissoon, Krishen Mati, Ah-Ken Wong, Kriti Goburdhun, Allen Sew Kwan Kan, Vela Vengaroo and Amedee Darga amongst others. In 1969, it became the MMM. The party is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a>, an international grouping of socialist, social-democratic and labour parties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ethiopia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Left-wing nationalism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tigray_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Tigray People's Liberation Front">Tigray People's Liberation Front</a> (TPLF) (<a href="/wiki/Tigrinya_language" title="Tigrinya language">Tigrinya</a>: ህዝባዊ ወያነ ሓርነት ትግራይ, <i>ḥəzbawi wäyanä ḥarənnät təgray</i>, "Popular Struggle for the Freedom of Tigray"; widely known by pejorative names <i>Woyane</i>, <i>Wayana</i> (Amharic: ወያነ) or <i>Wayane</i> (ወያኔ) in older texts and Amharic publications) is a <a href="/wiki/Political_party" title="Political party">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, established on 18 February 1975 in <a href="/wiki/Dedebit_(town)" title="Dedebit (town)">Dedebit</a>, northwestern <a href="/wiki/Tigray_Province" title="Tigray Province">Tigray</a>, according to official records. As a strategy, TPLF used guerilla tactics as it saw those as befitting to a Marxist–Leninist political organization. Within 16 years, it had grown from about a dozen men into the most powerful armed liberation movement in Ethiopia. It led a coalition of movements named the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a> (EPRDF) from 1989 to 2018. With the help of its former ally, the <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_People%27s_Liberation_Front" title="Eritrean People's Liberation Front">Eritrean People's Liberation Front</a> (EPLF), EPRDF <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War#Conclusion" title="Ethiopian Civil War">overthrew</a> the dictatorship of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a> (PDRE) and established a new government on 28 May 1991 that ruled Ethiopia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Americas">Americas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Americas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latin_America">Latin America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Latin America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indigenismo" title="Indigenismo">Indigenismo</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Left-wing nationalism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Left-wing nationalism has inspired many Latin American military personnel, who are receptive to this doctrine because of the repeated interference of the United States in the political and economic affairs of their countries and the social misery in the continent. While some of the military regimes such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Reorganization_Process" title="National Reorganization Process">Argentine dictatorship</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)">regime in Chile</a> were right-wing, left-wing soldiers seized power in Peru during the 1968 military coup and established a <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Military_Junta_of_1968-1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Peruvian Military Junta of 1968-1980">Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces</a> headed by General <a href="/wiki/Juan_Velasco_Alvarado" title="Juan Velasco Alvarado">Juan Velasco Alvarado</a>. Although it was dictatorial in nature, it did not adopt a repressive character as the regimes mentioned above. Similarly and also in 1968, General <a href="/wiki/Omar_Torrijos" title="Omar Torrijos">Omar Torrijos</a> seized power in Panama, allied himself with <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sandinistas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandinistas">Sandinistas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> and above all led a fierce battle against the United States for the <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Cuba">Cuba</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cuba"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Politics of Fidel Castro</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Venezuela">Venezuela</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Venezuela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Chavismo" title="Chavismo">Chavismo</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Canada">Canada</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationalism" title="Canadian nationalism">Canadian nationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a></div> <p>In Canada, nationalism is associated with the left in the context of both <a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Quebec nationalism</a> and pan-<a href="/wiki/Canadian_nationalism" title="Canadian nationalism">Canadian nationalism</a> (mostly in <a href="/wiki/English_Canada" title="English Canada">English Canada</a>, but also in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>). </p><p>In Quebec, the term was used by S. H. Milner and H. Milner to describe political developments in 1960s and 1970s Quebec which they saw as unique in North America. While the Liberals of the <a href="/wiki/Quiet_Revolution" title="Quiet Revolution">Quiet Revolution</a> in Quebec had opposed Quebec nationalism which had been right-wing and reactionary, nationalists in Quebec now found that they could only maintain their cultural identity by ridding themselves of foreign elites, which was achieved by adopting radicalism and socialism. This ideology was seen in contrast to historic socialism, which was internationalist and considered the working class to have no homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1960s in Canada saw the rise of a movement in favour of the independence of Quebec. Among the proponents of this constitutional option for Quebec were militants of an independent and socialist Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the 1960s, nationalism in Quebec had taken various forms. First, a radical <a href="/wiki/Liberal_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal nationalism">liberal nationalism</a> emerged and was a dominant voice in the political discourse of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a> from the early 19th century to the 1830s. The 1830s saw the more vocal expression of a liberal and republican nationalism which was silenced with the rebellions of 1837 and 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a now annexed Lower Canada in the 1840s, a moderately liberal expression of nationalism succeeded the old one, which remained in existence but was confined to political marginality thereafter. In parallel to this, a new Catholic and <a href="/wiki/Ultramontanism" title="Ultramontanism">ultramontane</a> nationalism emerged. Antagonism between the two incompatible expressions of nationalism lasted until the 1950s. </p><p>According to political scientist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Milner_(political_scientist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Milner (political scientist) (page does not exist)">Henry Milner</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Milner" class="extiw" title="fr:Henry Milner">fr</a>]</span>, the manifestation of a third kind of nationalism became significant when intellectuals raised the issue of the economic colonization of Quebec, something the established nationalists elites had neglected to do.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milner identifies three distinct clusters of factors in the evolution of Quebec toward left-wing nationalism: the first cluster relates to the national consciousness of Quebecers (<i>Québécois</i>); the second to changes in technology, industrial organization and patterns of communication and education; and the third related to "the part played by the intellectuals in the face of changes in the first two factors".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In English Canada, support for government intervention in the economy to defend the country from foreign (i.e. American) influences is one of Canada's oldest political traditions, going back at least to the <a href="/wiki/National_Policy" title="National Policy">National Policy</a> (tariff protection) of Sir <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>, can historically be seen on both the left and the right. However, calls for more extreme forms of government involvement to forestall a putative American takeover have been a staple of the Canadian left since the 1920s and possibly earlier. Right-wing nationalism has never supported such measures, which is one of the major differences between the two. Leftist nationalism has also been more eager to dispense with historical Canadian symbols associated with Canada's British colonial heritage, such as the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Red_Ensign" title="Canadian Red Ensign">Canadian Red Ensign</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">the monarchy</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Canada" title="Republicanism in Canada">republicanism in Canada</a>). English Canadian leftist nationalism has historically been represented by most of <a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties_in_Canada" title="Category:Socialist parties in Canada">Canada's socialist parties</a>, factions with the social-democratic <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="New Democratic Party of Canada">New Democratic Party</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_an_Independent_Socialist_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada">Movement for an Independent Socialist Canada</a> in the 1960s and 1970s) and in a more diluted form in some elements of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party of Canada</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Trudeauism" title="Trudeauism">Trudeauism</a> to a certain extent), manifesting itself in pressure groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Canadians">Council of Canadians</a>. This type of nationalism is associated with the slogan "It's either <a href="/wiki/State_intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="State intervention">the state</a> or <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">the States</a>", coined by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Radio_League" title="Canadian Radio League">Canadian Radio League</a> in the 1930s during their campaign for a national <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Public broadcaster">public broadcaster</a> to compete with the private American radio stations broadcasting into Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> representing a fear of annexation by the United States. Right-wing nationalism continues to exist in Canada, but it tends to be much less concerned with <a href="/wiki/Continentalism" title="Continentalism">integration into North America</a>, especially since the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> embraced free trade after 1988. Many far-right movements in Canada are nationalist, but not Canadian nationalist, instead advocating for <a href="/wiki/Western_alienation" title="Western alienation">Western separation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Annexationism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Annexationism in Canada">union with the United States</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_States">United States</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a></div> <p>The American Indian Movement (AIM) has been committed to improving conditions faced by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">native peoples</a>. It founded institutions to address needs, including the Heart of The Earth School, the Little Earth Housing, the International Indian Treaty Council, the AIM StreetMedics, the American Indian Opportunities and the Industrialization Center (one of the largest Indian job training programs) as well as the KILI radio and the Indian Legal Rights Centers. </p><p>In 1971, several members of the AIM, including <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Means" title="Russell Means">Russell Means</a>, traveled to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a>. They converged at the mountain in order to protest the illegal seizure of the Sioux Nation's sacred <a href="/wiki/Black_Hills" title="Black Hills">Black Hills</a> in 1877 by the United States federal government which was in violation of its earlier 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie. The protest began to publicize the issues of the American Indian Movement.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had illegally taken the Black Hills. The government offered financial compensation, but the Oglala Sioux have refused it, insisting on return of the land to their people. The settlement money is earning interest.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_nationalism" title="Category:Korean nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#0084c9; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Korean nationalism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/200px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/300px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg/400px-Unification_flag_of_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Unification_Flag" title="Korean Unification Flag">Korean Unification Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">Conservative</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilminism" title="Ilminism">Ilminism</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Left-wing</a> <ul><li>National Liberation</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism#Ethnic_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Minjok</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism#State-aligned_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_Equality" title="Three Principles of the Equality">Three Principles of the Equality</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Japanese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Han_(cultural)" title="Han (cultural)">Han</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_diaspora" title="Korean diaspora">Korean diaspora</a> <ul><li><i><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%8F%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:동포">Dangpo</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean mythology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Minjok_jeonggi" title="Minjok jeonggi">Minjok jeonggi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">Postcolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Reunification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_Tenth_Movement" title="June Tenth Movement">June Tenth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1st_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1st Movement">March 1st Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3_Resistance_movement" title="June 3 Resistance movement">June 3 Resistance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4_South%E2%80%93North_Joint_Statement" title="July 4 South–North Joint Statement">July 4 South–North Joint Statement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15th_North%E2%80%93South_Joint_Declaration" title="June 15th North–South Joint Declaration">June 15th North–South Joint Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Korean_summits" title="Inter-Korean summits">Inter-Korean summits</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahn_Chang_Ho" title="Ahn Chang Ho">Ahn Chang Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choe_Nam-seon" title="Choe Nam-seon">Choe Nam-seon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Chae-ho" title="Shin Chae-ho">Shin Chae-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yun_Dong-ju" title="Yun Dong-ju">Yun Dong-ju</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hwang_Jang-yop" title="Hwang Jang-yop">Hwang Jang-yop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jae-yeon_(politician)" title="Kim Jae-yeon (politician)">Kim Jae-yeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il" title="Kim Jong Il">Kim Jong Il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ku" title="Kim Ku">Kim Ku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Yo-jong" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Yo-jong">Kim Yo-jong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwon_Young-ghil" title="Kwon Young-ghil">Kwon Young-ghil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Beom-seok_(prime_minister)" title="Lee Beom-seok (prime minister)">Lee Beom-seok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Jae-myung" title="Lee Jae-myung">Lee Jae-myung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Su-kyung" title="Lim Su-kyung">Lim Su-kyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh Woon-hyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Jae-in" title="Moon Jae-in">Moon Jae-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Eun-sik" title="Park Eun-sik">Park Eun-sik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee">Syngman Rhee</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Activists (after 1945)</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%EA%B8%B0%EC%99%84" class="extiw" title="ko:백기완">Baek Ki-wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ou-joon" title="Kim Ou-joon">Kim Ou-joon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim_Su-kyung" title="Lim Su-kyung">Lim Su-kyung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Ik-hwan" title="Moon Ik-hwan">Moon Ik-hwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Sun Myung Moon">Sun Myung Moon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">Democratic Party</a> (factions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unification_Party" title="Liberal Unification Party">Liberal Unification Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Inactive or defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labor_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Democratic Labor Party (South Korea)">Democratic Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Club" title="Independence Club">Independence Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Party" title="Korean National Party">Korean National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Nationalist_Party" title="Korea Nationalist Party">Korea Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Liberal Party (South Korea)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Federation" title="National Independence Federation">National Independence Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Progressive_Party" title="Unified Progressive Party">Unified Progressive Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Historical_Truth_and_Justice" title="Center for Historical Truth and Justice">Center for Historical Truth and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Association" title="Liberation Association">Liberation Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nodutdol" title="Nodutdol">Nodutdol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Agency_Network_of_Korea" title="Voluntary Agency Network of Korea">Voluntary Agency Network</a></li></ul> <hr /> <p><b>Inactive or defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21C_Korea_College_Students%27_Union" title="21C Korea College Students' Union">21C Korea College Students' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_National_Democratic_Front" title="Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front">Anti-Imperialist National Democratic Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Peaceful_Reunification_of_the_Fatherland" title="Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland">Committee for the Peaceful Reunification</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanchongnyon" title="Hanchongnyon">Hanchongnyon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_National_Youth_Association" title="Korean National Youth Association">Korean National Youth Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Shirts_Society" title="White Shirts Society">White Shirts Society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tongil_News" title="Tongil News">Tongil News</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_People_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Voice of the People (website)">Voice of the People</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Anniversary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Foundation_Day_(Korea)" title="National Foundation Day (Korea)">Gaecheonjeol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea" title="National Liberation Day of Korea">Gwangbokjeol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangeul_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangeul Day"><i>Hangeul</i> Day</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_First_Movement#Commemorations" title="March First Movement">Samiljeol</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Symbolism</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_flags" title="List of Korean flags">Korean flags</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_North_Korea" title="Flag of North Korea">Blue and Red National Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" title="Flag of South Korea">Taegeukgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Unification_Flag" title="Korean Unification Flag">Unification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektu_Mountain" title="Paektu Mountain">Paektu Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taegeuk" title="Taegeuk">Taegeuk</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_clothing_in_Korea#Symbolism" title="White clothing in Korea">White-clothed people</a>"</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Debate</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i>Bukjin Tongil</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleanest_Race" title="The Cleanest Race">The Cleanest Race</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiandao" title="Jiandao">Gando dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goguryeo_controversies" title="Goguryeo controversies">Goguryeo controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_disputes" title="Japan–Korea disputes">Japan–Korea disputes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liancourt_Rocks_dispute" title="Liancourt Rocks dispute">Dokdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_claim_to_Tsushima_Island" title="Korean claim to Tsushima Island">Daemado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan_naming_dispute" title="Sea of Japan naming dispute">Korean Eastern Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalist_historiography" title="Korean nationalist historiography">Korean nationalist historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legitimacy_Theory_of_the_Provisional_Government" title="Legitimacy Theory of the Provisional Government">Legitimacy Theory of the Provisional Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_South_Korea" title="Propaganda in South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Activists_for_Korean_independence" title="Category:Activists for Korean independence">Activists for Korean independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-American sentiment in Korea">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">Anti-Chinese sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreacentrism" title="Koreacentrism">Koreacentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Korean_independence_movement_organizations" title="Category:Korean independence movement organizations">Korean independence movement organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/16px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/24px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/16px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/24px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Korea" title="Portal:South Korea">South Korea portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Korean_nationalism" title="Template:Korean nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Korean_nationalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Korean nationalism (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Korean_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Korean nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> (both North and South) possess a strong sense of 'ethnic pride', driven in part by how more powerful neighbors (<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>) bullied Korea throughout its history.<sup id="cite_ref-K-Dramas_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-Dramas-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Koreans are wary of neighboring powers. A representative example of this sentiment is <a href="/wiki/Korean_dramas" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean dramas">South Korean dramas</a>, which are generally known to have negative portrayals of Americans, Chinese, and Japanese and positive depictions of North Koreans.<sup id="cite_ref-K-Dramas_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-Dramas-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early November 2018, a popular Japanese music show cancelled <a href="/wiki/BTS" title="BTS">BTS</a>' performance, citing a T-shirt a member wore the year before, bearing a photograph of a <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_cloud" title="Mushroom cloud">mushroom cloud</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">bombing of Nagasaki</a>. At that time, the T-shirt had phrases symbolizing <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-독립_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-독립-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese people felt this aspect of BTS was "racist", but many South Korean people and mainstream South Korea politicians argued that it was an unfair attack by Japanese people. Many Koreans take this in a positive sense because the U.S. atomic bomb attack on Japan soon led to <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Day_of_Korea" title="National Liberation Day of Korea">Korea's independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Japan's colonial rule</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-독립_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-독립-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Korea, there is an old perception that whites or Japanese are perpetrators of racism, and blacks or Koreans are victims of racism,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-오마이뉴스_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-오마이뉴스-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and BTS actively supports <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In modern politics, South Korean liberals and progressives put "independence" (독립) as their main value, while North Korea's far-left <a href="/wiki/Juche_idea" class="mw-redirect" title="Juche idea">Juche</a> also put forward a strong "independence" (주체) ideology based on <a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Korean nationalism</a> and anti-imperialism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Korea_under_Japanese_rule">Korea under Japanese rule</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Korea under Japanese rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shin_Chae-ho" title="Shin Chae-ho">Shin Chae-ho</a> is a representative left-wing nationalist during the <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea under Japanese rules</a>. Most of the <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence activists</a> of the period were <a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean nationalist">Korean nationalists</a> who resisted the Japanese Empire, but Sin Chaeho's Korean nationalism among them also affects modern South Korea and North Korea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: North Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></div> <p>Experts analyze that North Korea's radical anti-<i><a href="/wiki/Sadaejuui" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadaejuui">sadaejuui</a></i> and anti-colonialism have been the main causes of North Korea's economic poverty. The North Korean government shows hostility to all for historical reasons against neighboring powers such as the <a href="/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-American sentiment in Korea">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Cumings" title="Bruce Cumings">Bruce Cumings</a> analyzed that the reason why North Korea does not collapse is that it is a thoroughly <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-imperialist">anti-imperialist</a> country. (Many North Korean people's distrust the surrounding powers.)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Left-wing nationalism in South Korea (page does not exist)">Left-wing nationalism in South Korea</a></div> <p>South Korea's left-wing nationalism supports <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">anti-Japanese decolonialism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korean_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean unification">Korean unification</a>. They are usually viewed as '<a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">ethnonationalist</a> left' (좌파민족주의) in that they oppose <a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism#South_Korea" title="Korean nationalism">state-aligned nationalism</a>, foster hostility to Japan and sympathy for North Korea,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it's more like <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">romantic nationalism</a> (낭만적 민족주의, 낭만적 내셔널리즘) because left-wing nationalists often embrace <a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">diversity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Progressive nationalists see the elimination of hierarchical "pro-<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> (partially pro-<a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> and pro-<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> colonialist" remnants through nationalism as a prerequisite for realizing social progressivism.<sup id="cite_ref-친일1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-친일2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-친일3_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">feminist movement in South Korea</a> often has anti-Japanese sentiment. This was naturally formed by war crimes committed by the Japanese Empire during the past World War II, such as <a href="/wiki/Korean_Women%27s_Volunteer_Labour_Corps" title="Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps">Korean Women's Volunteer Labour Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comfort_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Comfort Women">Comfort Women</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg/257px-Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg" decoding="async" width="257" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg/386px-Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg/514px-Boycott_Japan_poster_in_Seoul_metro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/No_Japan_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="No Japan Movement">No Japan Movement</a>'s Poster in <a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metro" title="Seoul Metro">Seoul Metro</a> by the Seoul Transit Corporation Labor Union in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, Korea's classical liberals have hated and resisted <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> (China) and <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> rather than the classical conservatives who conform to the powers. Due to the history of the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">division of Korea</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">United States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">Soviet Union</a>, where Koreans' <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> was ignored, diplomatic <a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Korean nationalism</a> became more prominent in the <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">progressive</a> camp than in the <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">conservative camp</a> in South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> South Korea's "progressive-nationalists" criticize conservative "<a href="/wiki/New_Right_(South_Korea)" title="New Right (South Korea)">New Rightists</a>" for having a <i>sadaejuui</i> perception of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a> hatred of <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, and supporting pro-<a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Colonialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonialist">colonialist</a> view.<sup id="cite_ref-좌파_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-좌파-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Korean nationalist sentiment of South Korean progressives also has other factors, which stem from the historical fact that some Korean conservative elites were <a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">pro-Japanese fascists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Progressive nationalists support Israel's anti-German <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Jewish nationalism</a> and punishment of Nazi collaborators.<sup id="cite_ref-친일1_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (However, Progressive nationalists have no unified view of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>.) Progressive nationalists are very positive about the liquidation of <i>Chindokpa</i> (친독파, "pro-German faction" or "Nazi collaborators") during France's <a href="/wiki/Gaullist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaullist">Gaullist</a> politics and criticize South Korea for failing to liquidate <i><a href="/wiki/Chinilpa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinilpa">Chinilpa</a></i> (친일파, "pro-Japan faction"). They argue that the liquidation of <i>Chinilpa</i> helps the development of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>. Progressive nationalists advocate the 'anti-German based nationalism' of French and Israeli right-wing, criticizing South Korean conservatives for not having 'anti-Japanese based nationalism' because they are 'pro-Japanese based colonialists'.<sup id="cite_ref-친일1_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-친일2_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-친일3_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-친일3-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressive nationalists in South Korea analyze that the remnants of authoritarianism created by <i>Chinilpa</i>, including <a href="/wiki/Park_Chung-hee" class="mw-redirect" title="Park Chung-hee">Park Chung-hee</a>, are the cause of many unreasonable social hierarchies in Korean society. </p><p>The strong stance against Japan in South Korea is also closely related to human rights groups for Korean victims of Japanese war crimes. South Korea has demanded a level of contrition from Japan that few colonial powers have ever shown to their former possessions. South Korean liberals/progressives refer to it as a 'victim-centered idea'(피해자 중심주의). According to them, the perpetrator's position should not be considered, some of the assets of Japanese companies should be confiscated to compensate the victims, and the Japanese right-wing <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)" title="Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)">LDP</a> government is absolutely "<a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a>" even "<a href="/wiki/Fascist_(insult)" title="Fascist (insult)">fascist</a>". On the other hand, some South Korean conservatives tend to oppose such a demand for compensation for Japan, which liberals/progressives accuse of being "<a href="/wiki/Tochak_Waegu" title="Tochak Waegu">pro-Japanese colonialists</a>". This 'victim-centered idea' has little room for compromise with right-wing <a href="/wiki/Japanese_nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese nationalists">Japanese nationalists</a>, including the Japan's LDP government.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern-style left-wing nationalism was formed in the 1980s. At that time, South Korean activist groups showed anti-American tendencies because the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> approved the Chun Doo-hwan administration, citing anti-communism, and was silent on the <a href="/wiki/Gwangju_Uprising" title="Gwangju Uprising">massacre in Gwangju</a>. As a result, many of the close South Korean liberal activists, who had pursued a somewhat pro-American and moderate democratic path until the 1970s, began to turn into left-wing activists due to their betrayal they felt toward the United States. At that time, South Korea's left-wing activists were divided into two factions, '<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%91%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%ED%8C%8C" class="extiw" title="ko:민중민주파">PD</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">민중민주파</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> People's Democracy-faction) and '<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%BC%EC%A1%B1_%ED%95%B4%EB%B0%A9_(%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EA%B6%8C)" class="extiw" title="ko:민족 해방 (운동권)">NL</a>' (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">민족해방파</span></span>; <abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> National Liberation-faction), and they are fiercely opposed. In the case of 'PD', it <a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">opposes nationalism</a> by advocating European <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a> or Soviet <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>, but 'NL' takes a leftist <a href="/wiki/Korean_nationalism" title="Korean nationalism">Korean nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialist</a> line based on strong opposition to American and Japanese imperialism.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All leftist nationalists in South Korea oppose perceived Japanese imperialism, support friendly relations with Russia and the <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_Policy" title="Sunshine Policy">Sunshine Policy</a> toward North Korea, but <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_South_Korea" title="Liberalism in South Korea">liberal nationalists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea#PD_and_NL" title="Progressivism in South Korea">National Liberation nationalists</a> differ significantly in their attitudes toward United States in the 21st century. Far-left nationalists and Centre-left nationalists are also criticizing each other.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Liberal nationalists</b> (mainly the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(South_Korea,_2015)" title="Democratic Party (South Korea, 2015)">Democratic Party of Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(South_Korea)" title="Justice Party (South Korea)">Justice Party</a>, etc.) that the presence of American troops is necessary to protect South Korea's sovereignty against Chinese/Japanese "invasion" (침략) of South Korea, and believe it can transform North Korea into a "<a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%9C%EB%AF%B8" class="extiw" title="ko:친미">pro-American</a>" (친미) state.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are diplomatically pro-American, but at the same time somewhat <a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%9C%EB%9F%AC" class="extiw" title="ko:친러">pro-Russian</a> (친러), and tend to distrust <a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment in Korea">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment_in_Korea" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea">Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>National Liberation nationalists</b> (mainly the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive Party</a>, etc.) are "anti-American" (반미), support the "withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Forces_Korea" title="United States Forces Korea">U.S. troops</a>" (미군 철수) and "Dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Defense_Treaty_(United_States%E2%80%93South_Korea)" title="Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–South Korea)">U.S.-South Korea alliance</a>" (한미동맹 파기)<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because they deny the hierarchy itself between countries.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)"><span id="Taiwan_.28Republic_of_China.29"></span>Taiwan (Republic of China)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Taiwan (Republic of China)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%80%B2%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%A3%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%BC2022.8.2%E7%8E%87%E5%9C%98%E6%8A%B5%E8%87%BA%E7%95%B6%E6%99%9A%E8%87%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%90%9B%E6%82%85%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E5%A4%96%E6%AD%A1%E8%BF%8E_Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party_Welcomes_U.S._House_Speaker_Nancy_Pelosi%27s_Congressional_Delegation_outside_Grand_Hyatt_Taipei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%80%B2%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%A3%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%BC2022.8.2%E7%8E%87%E5%9C%98%E6%8A%B5%E8%87%BA%E7%95%B6%E6%99%9A%E8%87%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%90%9B%E6%82%85%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E5%A4%96%E6%AD%A1%E8%BF%8E_Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party_Welcomes_U.S._House_Speaker_Nancy_Pelosi%27s_Congressional_Delegation_outside_Grand_Hyatt_Taipei.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%80%B2%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%A3%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%BC2022.8.2%E7%8E%87%E5%9C%98%E6%8A%B5%E8%87%BA%E7%95%B6%E6%99%9A%E8%87%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%90%9B%E6%82%85%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E5%A4%96%E6%AD%A1%E8%BF%8E_Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party_Welcomes_U.S._House_Speaker_Nancy_Pelosi%27s_Congressional_Delegation_outside_Grand_Hyatt_Taipei.jpg/360px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%9F%BA%E9%80%B2%E5%9C%A8%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E7%9C%BE%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2%E8%AD%B0%E9%95%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E8%A3%B4%E6%B4%9B%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%BC2022.8.2%E7%8E%87%E5%9C%98%E6%8A%B5%E8%87%BA%E7%95%B6%E6%99%9A%E8%87%B3%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%90%9B%E6%82%85%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97%E5%A4%96%E6%AD%A1%E8%BF%8E_Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party_Welcomes_U.S._House_Speaker_Nancy_Pelosi%27s_Congressional_Delegation_outside_Grand_Hyatt_Taipei.jpg/480px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="1044" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party" title="Taiwan Statebuilding Party">Taiwan Statebuilding Party</a> welcoming <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_Speaker" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House Speaker">U.S. House Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>'s delegation outside <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_Taipei" title="Grand Hyatt Taipei">Grand Hyatt Taipei</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">Cross-Strait relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese nationalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_independence_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese independence movement">Taiwanese independence movement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment#Taiwan" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Anti-Chinese sentiment § Taiwan</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>'s left-wing nationalist movement tends to emphasize the "Taiwanese identity" separated from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. As a result, Taiwan's left-wing nationalism takes a pro-American stand to counter "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_imperialism" title="Chinese imperialism">Chinese imperialism</a>", even though it has initially been influenced by Western socialist movements, including <a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, left-wing nationalists have often emerged in European states whose borders had been formed by medieval dynastic unity, bringing together multiple linguistic and ethnic groups into <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">one single state</a>. During the 18th and 19th centuries, those <a href="/wiki/Centralised_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralised state">centralised states</a> began to promote <a href="/wiki/Cultural_homogenization" title="Cultural homogenization">cultural homogenisation</a>. In reaction, some regions developed their own progressive nationalism. This often occurred in regions whose cultural, economic or sociological distinctiveness from the dominant culture had produced historical grievances (political discrimination such as the <a href="/wiki/Penal_Laws_(Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal Laws (Ireland)">Irish Penal Laws</a>, economic crisis such as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Irish Great Famine</a>, or traumatic war deaths). The idea could gain ground that government by distant economic or aristocratic elites was responsible for current misfortune, but that self-rule could remedy the situation by allowing a more egalitarian or state-interventionist approach, better suited to local tastes or needs, than the royal or imperial state. </p><p>Left-wing nationalists have been prominent in leading the <a href="/wiki/Autonomism_(political_doctrine)" title="Autonomism (political doctrine)">autonomist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">separatist</a> movements in the <a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque nationalism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Catalan_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan countries">Catalonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan independence">Catalan independence</a>); <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican nationalism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician nationalism</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a>); <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">Sardinian nationalism</a>);<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France">France</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Brest_Charter" title="Brest Charter">Brest Charter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Native_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Native nationalism">Native nationalism</a></div> <p>In Europe, a number of left-wing nationalist movements exist and have a long and well-established tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nationalism originated as a left-wing position during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>. The original left-wing nationalists endorsed <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic nationalism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Knapp_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knapp-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which defined the nation as a daily plebiscite and as formed by the subjective will to live together. Related to <a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">revanchism</a>, the belligerent will to take revenge against <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> and retake control of <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a>, nationalism could then be sometimes <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">opposed to imperialism</a>. In practice, motivated by the dual idea of liberating areas from conservative rule and that those liberated peoples could be absorbed into the civic nation, French left-wing nationalism often ended up justifying or rationalising <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">imperialism</a>, notably in the case of Algeria. </p><p>France's centralist left-wing nationalism was at times resisted by provincial left-wing groups who saw its Paris-focussed cultural and administrative centralism as little different in practice to right-wing French nationalism. From the late 19th century, several of the many ethnic groups that made up France developed a movement for separatism and regionalism, becoming a significant political factor in <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a> and the French portions of the <a href="/wiki/French_Basque_Country" title="French Basque Country">Basque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Catalan</a> countries, with smaller movements in other parts of the country and eventually equivalent movements in overseas territories (<a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algeria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanak_and_Socialist_National_Liberation_Front" title="Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front">New Caledonia</a>, among others). These regional nationalisms could be either left-wing or right-wing. For instance, <a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitan nationalism</a> in the early 20th century was expressed by the <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> leaders <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Barr%C3%A8s" title="Maurice Barrès">Maurice Barrès</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurras" title="Charles Maurras">Charles Maurras</a> (who imagined a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitan</a> regionalist identity within a multiethnic French state as a bulwark to protect conservative zones against <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-wing</a> Parisian governments) whereas a portion of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9librige" title="Félibrige">Félibrige</a> cultural movement represented a more progressive <a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitan nationalism</a> and looked for inspiration to the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">federalist republicanism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>. It was a similar situation in each of the traditionally regionalist zones, including the left-wing <a href="/wiki/Breton_Federalist_League" title="Breton Federalist League">Breton Federalist League</a> against the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Breton_National_Party" title="Breton National Party">Breton National Party</a> and the left-wing <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_Progress_Party" title="Alsatian Progress Party">Alsatian Progress Party</a> against the right-wing <a href="/wiki/Alsatian_Workers_and_Peasants_Party" title="Alsatian Workers and Peasants Party">Heimatsbund</a>, among others. Since the 1970s, a cultural revival and left-wing nationalism has grown in strength in several regions. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8_a_Corsica" title="Pè a Corsica">Pè a Corsica</a> party has close links with both <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Green_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Green movement">green movement</a> and is currently the dominant political force in <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_legislative_election" title="2017 French legislative election">2017 legislative election</a>, the party obtained three-quarters of Corsican seats in the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a> and two-thirds in the <a href="/wiki/Corsican_Assembly" title="Corsican Assembly">Corsican Assembly</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ireland">Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#169B62; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism"><span style="color:white;">Irish republicanism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Republic_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/122px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/183px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/244px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_republican" title="Dissident republican">Dissident republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire_Nua" title="Éire Nua">Éire Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian" title="Fenian">Fenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republican_legitimism" title="Irish republican legitimism">Irish republican legitimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(Ireland)" title="New Departure (Ireland)">New Departure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebellion_of_1803" title="Irish rebellion of 1803">Irish rebellion of 1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland_rebellion" title="Young Ireland rebellion">Young Ireland rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1918 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_revolutionary_period" title="Irish revolutionary period">Irish revolutionary period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Plan" title="S-Plan">S-Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Brugha" title="Cathal Brugha">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Tom Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Costello" title="Seamus Costello">Seamus Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Goulding" title="Cathal Goulding">Cathal Goulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Kelly_(Irish_nationalist)" title="Thomas J. Kelly (Irish nationalist)">Thomas J. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_MacSwiney" title="Terence MacSwiney">Terence MacSwiney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Constance Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mitchel" title="John Mitchel">John Mitchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peadar_O%27Donnell" title="Peadar O'Donnell">Peadar O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Mahony" title="John O'Mahony">John O'Mahony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Russell" title="Seán Russell">Seán Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_South" title="Seán South">Seán South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(Fenian)" title="James Stephens (Fenian)">James Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Twomey" title="Moss Twomey">Moss Twomey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Network_for_Unity" title="Republican Network for Unity">Republican Network for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoradh" title="Saoradh">Saoradh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ireland_Anti-Partition_League" title="All Ireland Anti-Partition League">All Ireland Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aontacht_%C3%89ireann" title="Aontacht Éireann">Aontacht Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">Clann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_%C3%89ireann" title="Clann Éireann">Clann Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_na_Poblachta" title="Córas na Poblachta">Córas na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_Poblachta" title="Cumann na Poblachta">Cumann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_Poblachta_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann">Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_Uladh" title="Fianna Uladh">Fianna Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Independent Fianna Fáil">Independent Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Anti-Partition_League" title="Irish Anti-Partition League">Irish Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independence_Party" title="Irish Independence Party">Irish Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Irish Socialist Republican Party">Irish Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Group_(1976)" title="Irish Workers' Group (1976)">Irish Workers' Group <small>(1976)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Council_for_Unity" title="Northern Council for Unity">Northern Council for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Congress" title="Republican Congress">Republican Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Labour_Party" title="Republican Labour Party">Republican Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire" title="Saor Éire">Saor Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo%E2%80%93Leitrim_Independent_Socialist_Organisation" title="Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation">SLISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Republican Party (Ireland)">Socialist Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Militant groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_na_Poblachta" title="Arm na Poblachta">Arm na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Liberation_Army" title="Irish Republican Liberation Army">Irish Republican Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republican Movement">Irish Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army" title="New Irish Republican Army">New IRA</a></li></ul> <p><b>Inactive</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93glaigh_na_h%C3%89ireann_(Real_IRA_splinter_group)" title="Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)">Óglaigh na hÉireann <small>(Real IRA splinter group)</small></a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Column" title="Connolly Column">Connolly Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(World_War_I)" title="Irish Brigade (World War I)">Irish Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Invincibles" title="Irish National Invincibles">Irish National Invincibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1919–1922)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1922–1969)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Revolutionary_Forces" title="Irish Revolutionary Forces">Irish Revolutionary Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Republican Action Against Drugs">Republican Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Defence_Army" title="Republican Defence Army">Republican Defence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire_(1967%E2%80%931975)" title="Saor Éire (1967–1975)">Saor Éire <small>(1967–1975)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_Uladh" title="Saor Uladh">Saor Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">Society of United Irishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/32_County_Sovereignty_Movement" title="32 County Sovereignty Movement">32 County Sovereignty Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_Action_Ireland" title="Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland">Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabhair" title="Cabhair">Cabhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Association" title="Connolly Association">Connolly Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Youth_Movement" title="Connolly Youth Movement">Connolly Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRPWA" title="IRPWA">IRPWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Congress" title="Irish National Congress">Irish National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Committees_of_North_America" title="Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America">IRSCNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association" title="National Graves Association">National Graves Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association,_Belfast" title="National Graves Association, Belfast">National Graves Association, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Shinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Ógra Shinn Féin">Ógra Shinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Housing_League" title="Revolutionary Housing League">Revolutionary Housing League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone_Societies" title="Wolfe Tone Societies">Wolfe Tone Societies</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Clann na hÉireann">Clann na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_na_Poblachta" title="Comhairle na Poblachta">Comhairle na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_Clubs" title="Dungannon Clubs">Dungannon Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_Monument_Association" title="Emmet Monument Association">Emmet Monument Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Irish_Freedom" title="Friends of Irish Freedom">Friends of Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Voice" title="Irish Republican Voice">Irish Republican Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Federation" title="Irish Socialist Federation">Irish Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communist_Republicans" title="League of Communist Republicans">League of Communist Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Resistance_Movement" title="Northern Resistance Movement">Northern Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_(Ireland)" title="People's Democracy (Ireland)">People's Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_National_and_Literary_Society" title="Phoenix National and Literary Society">Phoenix National and Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_Press" title="Evening Press">Evening Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Days_in_Ireland" title="Guerrilla Days in Ireland">Guerrilla Days in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIS_Magazine" title="IRIS Magazine">IRIS Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom" title="Irish Freedom">Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Irish_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Saoirse Irish Freedom">Saoirse Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_(newspaper)" title="Sinn Féin (newspaper)">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gaelic_American" title="The Gaelic American">The Gaelic American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hibernia_Magazine" title="The Hibernia Magazine">The Hibernia Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Felon" title="The Irish Felon">The Irish Felon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_People_(1863_newspaper)" title="The Irish People (1863 newspaper)">The Irish People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Press" title="The Irish Press">The Irish Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation_(Irish_newspaper)" title="The Nation (Irish newspaper)">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(magazine)" title="The Phoenix (magazine)">The Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Plough_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Starry Plough (magazine)">The Starry Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Press" title="The Sunday Press">The Sunday Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1848_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1848 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1848 newspaper)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1948_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1948 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1948 newspaper)</small></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christy_Moore" title="Christy Moore">Christy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dubliners" title="The Dubliners">The Dubliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebel_song" title="Irish rebel song">Irish rebel songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneecap_(band)" title="Kneecap (band)">Kneecap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wolfe_Tones" title="The Wolfe Tones">The Wolfe Tones</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/16px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/24px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_republicanism" title="Template talk:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a> has had left-wing nationalist elements since its mainstream inception. Early nationalists during the 19th century such as the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a> in the 1790s, <a href="/wiki/Young_Irelanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Irelanders">Young Irelanders</a> in the 1840s, <a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a> in the 1880s, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_(1905)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinn Féin (1905)">Sinn Féin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> in the 1920s all styled themselves in various ways after French left-wing <a href="/wiki/Radicalism_(historical)#France" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicalism (historical)">radicalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Republicanism in France">republicanism</a>. This combination of nationalism with left-wing positions was possible as the <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a> they sought was envisaged against the backdrop of the more socially conservative and pluri-national state of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, parties such as <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a> in Northern Ireland are left-wing nationalist parties. Earlier nationalist republican parties that were once rather more left-leaning for the time, notably Fianna Fáil in the Republic of Ireland, have over time grown more <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Sinistrisme" title="Sinistrisme">sinistrism</a>"), today representing a <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> or <a href="/wiki/Centre-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre-right">centre-right</a> republican nationalism. <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing nationalist">Right-wing nationalist</a> outlooks and <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> parties in general are few in Irish history. When they did emerge, it was usually short-lived and contextual (the <a href="/wiki/Blueshirts" title="Blueshirts">Blueshirts</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>) or took the form of Anglo-British nationalism (as with <a href="/wiki/Orangism_(Northern_Ireland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangism (Northern Ireland)">Orangism</a> and other tendencies within <a href="/wiki/Ulster_unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster unionism">Ulster unionism</a>). Since World War II, right-wing Irish nationalism has been a rare force in the Republic of Ireland, espoused primarily by small, often short-lived organisations. As such, left-wing nationalism with a republican, egalitarian, anti-colonial tendency has historically been the dominant form of nationalism in Irish politics. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poland">Poland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 19th century, Polish labour movement split into two factions, with one proposing <a href="/wiki/Communist_revolution" title="Communist revolution">communist revolution</a> and Polish <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a> within the Russian Empire which established the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democracy_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_and_Lithuania" title="Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania">Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania</a>, renamed later as the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Poland" title="Communist Party of Poland">Communist Party of Poland</a>. However, most activists have seen Polish independence as a requirement to realize socialist political program as after <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Poland partitions</a> <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russia</a> repressed their ethnically Polish citizens of all social classes. Those activists established <a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a> (PPS). During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, PPS' leader <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a> became a leader of <a href="/wiki/Mitteleuropa" title="Mitteleuropa">German dominated</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)">puppet Poland</a> and then broke an alliance with <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, claiming an independent <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>. As a <a href="/wiki/Naczelnik_Pa%C5%84stwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Naczelnik Państwa">Chief of State</a>, Piłsudski signed in very first weeks <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decrees</a> about the eight hour work day, equal rights for women, free and compulsory education, free healthcare and social insurance, making Poland one of the most progressive countries of <a href="/wiki/Interwar" class="mw-redirect" title="Interwar">interwar</a> period. </p><p>In Poland itself, the PPS is considered pro-independence and patriotic left-wing (in contrast with the internationalist left-wing) rather than left-wing nationalist. The term nationalism is used nearly exclusively for the right-wing <a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">national democracy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Roman Dmowski</a> and other officially far-right movements such as <a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_(1993)" title="National Radical Camp (1993)">National Radical Camp</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Revival_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="National Revival of Poland">National Revival of Poland</a>. Nowadays, notable parties and organizations that come the closest to the idea of a left-wing nationalism are <a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland">Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Lepper" title="Andrzej Lepper">Andrzej Lepper</a> and Zmiana led by <a href="/wiki/Mateusz_Piskorski" title="Mateusz Piskorski">Mateusz Piskorski</a>. Both advocate <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">social conservatism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euroscepticism" title="Euroscepticism">Euroscepticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">anti-imperialism</a> (strong criticism of a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">American foreign policies</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">economic nationalism</a>. The Self-Defence won 53 seats out of 460 in 2001 elections and 56 in 2005. From 2005 to 2007, it was in the coalition government with two other parties (one right-wing and the other nationalist). Since then, it has no representatives in the Polish <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>. </p><p>It could be argued that the ruling <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice</a> party exhibits forms of left-wing nationalism. (However, the party is more defined as either a right-wing nationalist.) On economic issues, the party takes partial stance against privatization and pushes for a strong state role in the market. On social issues, the party is very conservative and often alludes to the policies of the interwar <a href="/wiki/Sanation" title="Sanation">sanation</a> movement which was led by <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a> movement is mainly left-wing and is spearheaded by the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a>, who have been on the <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are other political parties from the political left in favour of Scottish independence, namely the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scottish Greens</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Socialist_Party" title="Scottish Socialist Party">Scottish Socialist Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Scotland)" title="Solidarity (Scotland)">Solidarity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spain">Spain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/EH_Bildu" title="EH Bildu">EH Bildu</a> is the political coalition that represents leftist <a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque nationalism</a>, formed by <a href="/wiki/Sortu" title="Sortu">Sortu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Alkartasuna" title="Eusko Alkartasuna">Eusko Alkartasuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aralar_(Basque_political_party)" title="Aralar (Basque political party)">Aralar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alternatiba_(Basque_political_party)" title="Alternatiba (Basque political party)">Alternatiba</a> political parties. In <a href="/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, there are two main political parties which defend the Catalan left-wing independentist movement, both with institutional representation, which are the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Candidacy" title="Popular Unity Candidacy">Popular Unity Candidacy</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> the main opposition party in the autonomous parliament <a href="/wiki/Galician_Nationalist_Bloc" title="Galician Nationalist Bloc">Galician Nationalist Bloc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloque_Nacionalista_Galego" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloque Nacionalista Galego">BNG</a> advocates for Galicia to exert its national self-determination and conquer national sovereignty, always with a social and left-wing approach. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkey">Turkey</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Turkey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Political_Movement_in_Turkey" title="Kurdish Political Movement in Turkey">Kurdish Political Movement in Turkey</a>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> (<a href="/wiki/Talk:Left-wing_nationalism#Kurdish_Nationalism" title="Talk:Left-wing nationalism">talk</a>)</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ulusalc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulusalcılık">Ulusalcılık</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-en.chp.org.tr_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.chp.org.tr-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chp.azureedge.net_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chp.azureedge.net-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Enlightenment Movement (<i>Aydınlık Hareketi</i>) have been synonymous with left-wing nationalism. Enlightenment Movement has been advocated by the <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Patriotic Party (Turkey)">Patriotic Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, the national question and the agrarian question especially before the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> were highly entangled. This led to the <a href="/wiki/Borotbists" title="Borotbists">Borotbists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wales">Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Left-wing nationalism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Similarly to Scotland, there is a left-wing movement in Wales led by <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a> for <a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a>. Previously in favour of a revolutionary form of independence, Plaid now considers itself to be evolutionary in its approach to independence through continued devolution and ultimate sovereignty. This is also the view of the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Green_Party" title="Wales Green Party">Wales Green Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oceania">Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Australia">Australia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1890s, Australian-born novelists and poets such as <a href="/wiki/Henry_Lawson" title="Henry Lawson">Henry Lawson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Furphy" title="Joseph Furphy">Joseph Furphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banjo_Paterson" title="Banjo Paterson">Banjo Paterson</a> drew on the <a href="/wiki/Archetype" title="Archetype">archetype</a> of the Australian bushman. These and other writers formulated the bush legend which included broadly left-wing notions that <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">Outback</a> Australians were democratic, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-authoritarian">anti-authoritarian</a> and cultivated <a href="/wiki/Mateship" title="Mateship">mateship</a>. However, terms like nationalist and patriotic were also utilised by pro-<a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> political conservatives, culminating with the formation in 1917 of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Party of Australia">Nationalist Party of Australia</a> which remained the main centre-right party until the late 1920s. </p><p>During the 1940s and 1950s, radical intellectuals, many of whom joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Australia" title="Communist Party of Australia">Communist Party of Australia</a> (CPA), combined philosophical internationalism with a radical nationalist commitment to <a href="/wiki/Australian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian culture">Australian culture</a>. This type of cultural nationalism was possible among radicals in Australia at the time because of the patriotic turn in <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> policy from 1941; the most common understanding of what it meant to be patriotic at the time was a kind of pro-imperial race patriotism and anti-British sentiment was until the late 1960s regarded as subversive; and radical nationalism dovetailed with a growing respect for Australian cultural output among intellectuals which was itself a product of the break in cultural supply chains—lead actors and scripts had always come from Britain and the United States—occasioned by the war.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Post-war radical nationalists consequently sought to <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonise</a> the bush culture which had emerged during the 1890s. The post-war radical nationalists interpreted this tradition as having implicitly or inherently radical qualities since they believed it meant that working-class Australians were naturally democratic and/or socialist. This view combined the CPA's commitment to the working class with the post-war intellectuals' own nationalist sentiments. The apotheosis of this line of thought was perhaps <a href="/wiki/Russel_Ward" title="Russel Ward">Russel Ward</a>'s book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian_Legend" class="mw-redirect" title="The Australian Legend">The Australian Legend</a></i> (1958) which sought to trace the development of the radical nationalist ethos from its <a href="/wiki/Convicts_in_Australia" title="Convicts in Australia">convict</a> origins through bushranging, the Victorian gold rush, the spread of agriculture, the industrial strife of the early 1890s and its literary canonisation. Other significant radical nationalists included the historians <a href="/wiki/Ian_Turner_(Australian_political_activist)" title="Ian Turner (Australian political activist)">Ian Turner</a>, Lloyd Churchward, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Gollan" title="Robin Gollan">Robin Gollan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Serle" title="Geoffrey Serle">Geoffrey Serle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Fitzpatrick_(Australian_author)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Fitzpatrick (Australian author)">Brian Fitzpatrick</a>, whom Ward described as the "spiritual father of all the radical nationalist historians in Australia";<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the writers <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Murray-Smith" title="Stephen Murray-Smith">Stephen Murray-Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judah_Waten" title="Judah Waten">Judah Waten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hewett" title="Dorothy Hewett">Dorothy Hewett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Hardy" title="Frank Hardy">Frank Hardy</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Barton_government" title="Barton government">Barton government</a> which came to power following the first elections to the Commonwealth parliament in 1901 was formed by the <a href="/wiki/Protectionist_Party" title="Protectionist Party">Protectionist Party</a> with the support of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Australian Labor Party</a>. The support of the Labor Party was contingent upon restricting non-white immigration, reflecting the attitudes of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Workers_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Workers Union">Australian Workers Union</a> and other labour organisations at the time, upon whose support the Labor Party was founded. </p><p>At the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Labor Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">John Curtin</a> reinforced the message of the White Australia policy by saying: "This country shall remain forever the home of the descendants of those people who came here in peace in order to establish in the South Seas an outpost of the British race".<sup id="cite_ref-abolition_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abolition-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labor Party leader <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Calwell" title="Arthur Calwell">Arthur Calwell</a> supported the White European Australia policy. This is reflected by Calwell's comments in his 1972 memoirs <i>Be Just and Fear Not</i> in which he made it clear that he maintained his view that non-European people should not be allowed to settle in Australia, writing: </p> <blockquote><p>I am proud of my white skin, just as a Chinese is proud of his yellow skin, a Japanese of his brown skin, and the Indians of their various hues from black to coffee-coloured. Anybody who is not proud of his race is not a man at all. And any man who tries to stigmatize the Australian community as racist because they want to preserve this country for the white race is doing our nation great harm. [...] I reject, in conscience, the idea that Australia should or ever can become a multi-racial society and survive.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The radical-nationalist tradition was challenged during the 1960s, during which <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> scholars interpreted much of Australian history—including <a href="/wiki/Labor_history_(discipline)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor history (discipline)">labour history</a>—as dominated by racism, sexism, homophobia and militarism.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1960s, it has been uncommon for those on the political left to claim Australian nationalism for themselves. The bush legend has survived the above changes in Australian culture as it informed much cultural output during the period of the new nationalism in the 1970s and 1980s, the language of Australian nationalism was adopted by centre-right politicians such as Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a> for the political right during the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 21st century, attempts by left-leaning intellectuals to reclaim nationalism for the left are few and far between.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Left-wing nationalism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After its <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 liberation war</a>, Bangladesh wrote its binding beliefs to be for "Secularism, Nationalism and Socialism". For a long time, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengali nationalism</a> was promoted in Bangladesh while excluding other minorities which led to President <a href="/wiki/Ziaur_Rahman" title="Ziaur Rahman">Ziaur Rahman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> (BNP) to change Bengali nationalism to <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi nationalism</a> where all citizens of the country is equal under the law. This new nationalism in Bangladesh has been promoted by the BNP and the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> calling for national unity and cultural promotion. However, the BNP would later promote Islamic unity as well and has excluded Hindus from the national unity while bringing together <a href="/wiki/Bihari_Muslims" title="Bihari Muslims">Bihari Muslims</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a> Buddhists. This is different from Awami League's staunch secularist stance of the national identity uniting all religious minorities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_left-wing_nationalist_political_parties">List of left-wing nationalist political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: List of left-wing nationalist political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Left-wing_nationalist_parties" title="Category:Left-wing nationalist parties">Category:Left-wing nationalist parties</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_parties">Current parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Current parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 50em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/23px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/35px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Angola.svg/45px-Flag_of_Angola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> : <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Angola" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola">People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> : <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation" title="Armenian Revolutionary Federation">Armenian Revolutionary Federation</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Homeland" title="Union for the Homeland">Union for the Homeland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Independent_Social_Democrats" title="Alliance of Independent Social Democrats">Alliance of Independent Social Democrats</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>: <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">Democratic Labour Party</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nationalist_Party_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nationalist Party of Brazil (page does not exist)">Nationalist Party of Brazil</a><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>: <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Cuba" title="Communist Party of Cuba">Communist Party of Cuba</a><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Czech_Sovereignty_of_Social_Democracy" title="Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy">Czech Sovereignty of Social Democracy</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>: <a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">La France Insoumise</a><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> : <a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCndnis_Sahra_Wagenknecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht">Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance – Reason and Justice</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> : <a href="/wiki/Course_of_Freedom" title="Course of Freedom">Course of Freedom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Social_Movement" title="Democratic Social Movement">Democratic Social Movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panhellenic_Socialist_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Panhellenic Socialist Movement">Panhellenic Socialist Movement</a> (1974–1996)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> : <a href="/wiki/Forward_Bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Forward Bloc">Forward Bloc</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> : <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Democratic_Party_of_Struggle" title="Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle">Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Workers' Party (Ireland)">Workers' Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Labor_Party" title="Israeli Labor Party">Israeli Labor Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balad_(political_party)" title="Balad (political party)">Balad</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/21px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/32px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Kosovo.svg/42px-Flag_of_Kosovo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vet%C3%ABvendosje" title="Vetëvendosje">Vetëvendosje</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>: <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Libya" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya">Popular Front for the Liberation of Libya</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Regeneration_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="National Regeneration Movement">National Regeneration Movement</a><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a>: <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Socialists_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova" title="Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova">Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>: <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>: <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(North_Macedonia)" title="The Left (North Macedonia)">The Left</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>: <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Nationalist_Party" title="Peruvian Nationalist Party">Peruvian Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bagong_Alyansang_Makabayan" title="Bagong Alyansang Makabayan">Bagong Alyansang Makabayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makabayan" title="Makabayan">Makabayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akbayan" title="Akbayan">Akbayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines" title="Communist Party of the Philippines">Communist Party of the Philippines</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: <a href="/wiki/Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland">Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)" title="Social Democratic Party (Romania)">Social Democratic Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Russian Federation">Communist Party of Russian Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Just_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Just Russia">Just Russia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Party of Serbia">Socialist Party of Serbia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Direction_%E2%80%93_Social_Democracy" title="Direction – Social Democracy">Direction – Social Democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>: <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_Freedom_Fighters" title="Economic Freedom Fighters">Economic Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>: <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(South_Korea,_2017)" title="Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)">Progressive Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_Party_(South_Korea)" title="People's Democracy Party (South Korea)">People's Democracy Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>: <a href="/wiki/EH_Bildu" title="EH Bildu">EH Bildu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_Candidacy" title="Popular Unity Candidacy">Popular Unity Candidacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_Nationalist_Bloc" title="Galician Nationalist Bloc">Galician Nationalist Bloc</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Left_of_Catalonia" title="Republican Left of Catalonia">Republican Left of Catalonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Statebuilding_Party" title="Taiwan Statebuilding Party">Taiwan Statebuilding Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Taiwan)" title="Social Democratic Party (Taiwan)">Social Democratic Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Power_Party" title="New Power Party">New Power Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Patriotic Party (Turkey)">Patriotic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republican_People%27s_Party" title="Republican People's Party">Republican People's Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-en.chp.org.tr_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-en.chp.org.tr-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chp.azureedge.net_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chp.azureedge.net-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>: <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1990-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (UK, 1990-present)">Social Democratic Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plaid_Cymru" title="Plaid Cymru">Plaid Cymru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinn Féin in Northern Ireland">Sinn Féin in Northern Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_and_Labour_Party" title="Social Democratic and Labour Party">Social Democratic and Labour Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Socialist_Party" title="Scottish Socialist Party">Scottish Socialist Party</a>, <a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_Britain" title="Workers Party of Britain">Workers Party of Britain</a>,<a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Party_of_Venezuela" title="United Socialist Party of Venezuela">United Socialist Party of Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_parties">Historical parties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Historical parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Social Democratic Party of Georgia">Social Democratic Party of Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Socialist-Federalist_Revolutionary_Party" title="Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party">Georgian Socialist-Federalist Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: <a href="/wiki/National-Social_Association" title="National-Social Association">National-Social Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Old Social Democratic Party of Germany">Old Social Democratic Party of Germany</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Iraq_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mapam" title="Mapam">Mapam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mapai" title="Mapai">Mapai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahdut_HaAvoda" title="Ahdut HaAvoda">Ahdut HaAvoda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafi_(political_party)" title="Rafi (political party)">Rafi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ratz_(political_party)" title="Ratz (political party)">Ratz</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Young_Italy" title="Young Italy">Young Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historical_Far_Left" title="Historical Far Left">Historical Far Left</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Syrian_revolution.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Revolution" title="Bolivarian Revolution">Bolivarian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_Way_to_Socialism" title="Burmese Way to Socialism">Burmese Way to Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epochalism" title="Epochalism">Epochalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a> (element)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Three Principles of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenism</a> <ul><li><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Indigenismo" title="Indigenismo">Indigenismo</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Kirchnerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_mobility" title="Labor mobility">Labor mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localist_camp" title="Localist camp">Localist camp</a> (element)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_liberation_(Marxism)" title="National liberation (Marxism)">National liberation (Marxism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Question" class="mw-redirect" title="National Question">National Question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalism_(Theodore_Roosevelt)" title="New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)">New Nationalism (Theodore Roosevelt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peronism" title="Peronism">Peronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Progressivism in Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_internationalism" title="Proletarian internationalism">Proletarian internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_patriotism" title="Socialist patriotism">Socialist patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_fix" title="Structural fix">Structural fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Wars of national liberation</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">TSP was once described as a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Left-wing_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Left-wing-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> progressive<sup id="cite_ref-Progressive_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Progressive-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pro-independence party.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The TSP advocates the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_Left" title="Taiwan independence Left">Taiwan independence left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has a strong <a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">anti-Chinese sentiment</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-:1_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been described as "<a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a>" by some media.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_117-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChazelDain2021" class="citation journal cs1">Chazel, Laura; Dain, Vincent (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/48642382">"Left-Wing Populism and Nationalism: A Comparative Analysis of the Patriotic Narratives of Podemos and France insoumise"</a>. <i>Journal for the Study of Radicalism</i>. <b>15</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">73–</span>94. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1930-1189">1930-1189</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/48642382">48642382</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520192214/https://www.jstor.org/stable/48642382">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+Radicalism&rft.atitle=Left-Wing+Populism+and+Nationalism%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis+of+the+Patriotic+Narratives+of+Podemos+and+France+insoumise&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E73-%3C%2Fspan%3E94&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F48642382%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1930-1189&rft.aulast=Chazel&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Dain%2C+Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F48642382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith,_Angel_1999._Pp._30-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith,_Angel_1999._Pp._30_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith 1999, 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Delanty, Gerard; Kumar, Krishan. <i>The SAGE handbook of nations and nationalism</i>. London, England, UK; Thousand Oaks, California, USA; New Delhi, India: Sage Publications, Ltd, 2006, 542.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCustodi_J2020" class="citation journal cs1">Custodi J (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nana.12663">"Nationalism and populism on the left: The case of Podemos"</a>. <i>Nations and Nationalism</i>. <b>27</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">705–</span>720. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12663">10.1111/nana.12663</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11384%2F136975">11384/136975</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225127425">225127425</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016194454/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/nana.12663">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nations+and+Nationalism&rft.atitle=Nationalism+and+populism+on+the+left%3A+The+case+of+Podemos&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E705-%3C%2Fspan%3E720&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11384%2F136975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225127425%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnana.12663&rft.au=Custodi+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1111%2Fnana.12663&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Arthur Calwell, Leader of the Labor Party, Defender of White Australia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/08abolition">Fact Sheet – Abolition of the 'White Australia' Policy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180809032231/https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/08abolition">Archived</a> 9 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> , homeaffairs.gov.au</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“'How Sweden Became Multicultural'.”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCustodi2023" class="citation book cs1">Custodi, Jacopo (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-48926-6"><i>Radical Left Parties and National Identity in Spain, Italy and Portugal</i></a>. Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-031-48926-6">10.1007/978-3-031-48926-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-031-48925-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-031-48925-9"><bdi>978-3-031-48925-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Left+Parties+and+National+Identity+in+Spain%2C+Italy+and+Portugal&rft.series=Palgrave+Studies+in+European+Political+Sociology&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-48926-6&rft.isbn=978-3-031-48925-9&rft.aulast=Custodi&rft.aufirst=Jacopo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-031-48926-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politiek.tpo.nl/2017/08/21/nationalisme-is-per-definitie-fout-is-ook-progressieve-democratische-kracht/">"Nationalisme is niet per definitie fout, is ook progressieve, democratische kracht"</a>. 21 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190909143715/https://politiek.tpo.nl/2017/08/21/nationalisme-is-per-definitie-fout-is-ook-progressieve-democratische-kracht/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nationalisme+is+niet+per+definitie+fout%2C+is+ook+progressieve%2C+democratische+kracht&rft.date=2017-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpolitiek.tpo.nl%2F2017%2F08%2F21%2Fnationalisme-is-per-definitie-fout-is-ook-progressieve-democratische-kracht%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIordachiApor2021" class="citation book cs1">Iordachi, Constantin; Apor, Péter (29 July 2021). Bloomsbury Publishing (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HikxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA79"><i>Occupation and Communism in Eastern European Museums: Re-Visualizing the Recent Past</i></a>. Bloomsbury. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-10371-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-10371-9"><bdi>978-1-350-10371-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Occupation+and+Communism+in+Eastern+European+Museums%3A+Re-Visualizing+the+Recent+Past&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2021-07-29&rft.isbn=978-1-350-10371-9&rft.aulast=Iordachi&rft.aufirst=Constantin&rft.au=Apor%2C+P%C3%A9ter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHikxEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.duvarenglish.com/kilicdaroglu-raises-tone-vows-to-deport-10-million-refugees-news-62432">"Kılıçdaroğlu raises tone, vows to deport 10 million refugees"</a>. 18 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu+raises+tone%2C+vows+to+deport+10+million+refugees&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duvarenglish.com%2Fkilicdaroglu-raises-tone-vows-to-deport-10-million-refugees-news-62432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901105340/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm">"Abolition of the 'White Australia' Policy"</a>. Australian Department of Immigration. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm">the original</a> on 1 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abolition+of+the+%27White+Australia%27+Policy&rft.pub=Australian+Department+of+Immigration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immi.gov.au%2Fmedia%2Ffact-sheets%2F08abolition.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Antonio Carlos de Souza Lima, « L'indigénisme au Brésil : migration et réappropriation d’un savoir administratif », <i>Revue de synthèse</i>, semestre, No. 3-4, juillet-décembre 2000, p. 381-410.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDevlin197532-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDevlin197532_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDevlin1975">Devlin 1975</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNolan1984" class="citation book cs1">Nolan, David (1984). The Institute of InterAmerican Studies (ed.). <i>The Ideology of the Sandinistas and the Nicaraguan Revolution</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ideology+of+the+Sandinistas+and+the+Nicaraguan+Revolution&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Nolan&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangue2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Langue, Frédérique (14 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nuevomundo.revues.org/628">"Antécédents historiques du chavisme"</a>. <i>Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos - New World New Worlds</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fnuevomundo.628">10.4000/nuevomundo.628</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1626-0252">1626-0252</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171202210232/http://nuevomundo.revues.org/628">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuevo+Mundo+Mundos+Nuevos+-+New+World+New+Worlds&rft.atitle=Ant%C3%A9c%C3%A9dents+historiques+du+chavisme&rft.date=2005-02-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fnuevomundo.628&rft.issn=1626-0252&rft.aulast=Langue&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnuevomundo.revues.org%2F628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIhsan_al-Djabri1932" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ihsan al-Djabri (July–September 1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422213649/http://www.ism-france.org/analyses/Nationalisme-Arabe-Nationalisme-occidental-8207-article-12631">"Nationalisme arabe et nationalisme occidental"</a>. <i>La Nation Arabe</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ism-france.org/analyses/Nationalisme-Arabe-Nationalisme-occidental-8207-article-12631">the original</a> on 22 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Nation+Arabe&rft.atitle=Nationalisme+arabe+et+nationalisme+occidental&rft.date=1932-07%2F1932-09&rft.au=Ihsan+al-Djabri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ism-france.org%2Fanalyses%2FNationalisme-Arabe-Nationalisme-occidental-8207-article-12631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._14_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._49_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._18_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._21_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nimni,_Ephraim_1991._Pp._22_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx1848" class="citation web cs1">Marx, Karl (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm">"The Communist Manifesto"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180102034328/https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Communist+Manifesto&rft.date=1848&rft.aulast=Marx&rft.aufirst=Karl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1848%2Fcommunist-manifesto%2Fch02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nimni 1991, 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmitt,_Richard_1987,_Pp._169_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schmitt 1997 [1987], 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 58–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._60_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._64_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._67_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._65_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ree,_Erik_2002._Pp._66_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">van Ree 2002, 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perica 2002, 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perica 2002, 99-100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perica 2002, 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perica,_Vjekoslav_2002._Pp._98,_100_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perica 2002, 98, 100. <i>Balkan Idols. 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University of Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222754/http://individual.utoronto.ca/salutin/states.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=States+Readings&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findividual.utoronto.ca%2Fsalutin%2Fstates.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miner, Marlyce. "The American Indian Movement". 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Don%27t+Korean+Dramas+and+Movies+Like+Americans%3F&rft.date=2018-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cinemaescapist.com%2F2018%2F04%2Fwhy-dont-korean-dramas-movies-like-americans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oh In-gyu ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyunghyang+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%22%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EB%AA%B0%EC%97%BC%EC%B9%98+%EB%81%9D%EC%9D%B4+%EC%97%86%EB%8B%A4%22+%EC%97%AC%EC%95%BC%2C+%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8+%EB%B0%A9%EC%86%A1+BTS+%EC%B6%9C%EC%97%B0%EC%B7%A8%EC%86%8C%EC%97%90+%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%9C%ED%9E%88+%EC%9A%B0%EB%A0%A4&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khan.co.kr%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-general%2Farticle%2F201811101926001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQin2018" class="citation news cs1">Qin, Amy (9 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/09/world/asia/bts-kpop-japan-cancel.html">"K-Pop Band BTS Is Dropped From Japanese TV Show Over T-Shirt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227011615/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/09/world/asia/bts-kpop-japan-cancel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=K-Pop+Band+BTS+Is+Dropped+From+Japanese+TV+Show+Over+T-Shirt&rft.date=2018-11-09&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F09%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fbts-kpop-japan-cancel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/japan/764637.html">"일본의 혐한, 한국의 반일"</a> (in Korean). The Hankyoreh. 7 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001081045/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/international/japan/764637.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%9D%98+%ED%98%90%ED%95%9C%2C+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98+%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%BC&rft.pub=The+Hankyoreh&rft.date=2016-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Finternational%2Fjapan%2F764637.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-오마이뉴스-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-오마이뉴스_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000309908">"하인스 워드를 보며 든 몇가지 생각"</a>. 오마이뉴스. 2 June 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228111556/https://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000309908">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>요컨대 한국인들은 피부색이 다르다고 무조건 거부하지 않는다는 것이다. 따라서 민족의 순혈주의니 피부색 배타성은 맞지 않는다. 코를 세우고 머리를 금발로 물들이고 피부를 하얗게 하는 것은 어제 오늘의 일이 아니다. 한국인들은 백인을 닮았다고 하면 좋아하지만 흑인을 닮았다고 하면 분노한다. ... 하인스 워드 신드롬에서 많이 지적되는 말이 있다. "하인스가 한국에 있었으면 그렇게 성공할 수 있었겠는가."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q> [South Koreans do not unconditionally reject the difference in skin color. Therefore, it is not right to talk about 'Korean ethnic nationalism' or 'exclusivity to (all races, including whites) skin colors'. It is not new for South Koreans to raise their noses, dye their hair blonde and whiten their skin. South Koreans like to hear that they look like white people, but they get angry when they hear that they look like black people. ... There is a saying that is pointed out a lot in Hines Ward Syndrome: "Would Hines have succeeded if he was born in South Korea?"]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%A4+%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%BC+%EB%B3%B4%EB%A9%B0+%EB%93%A0+%EB%AA%87%EA%B0%80%EC%A7%80+%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%81&rft.date=2006-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohmynews.com%2FNWS_Web%2FView%2Fat_pg.aspx%3FCNTN_CD%3DA0000309908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/entertainments/entertain_photo/2020/10/04/I4LP63JBQWBM3EUIHWDBAAITIM/">"방탄소년단, 흑인 인권 'BLM' 캠페인 100만 달러 기부 "우리도 편견 시달려"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="조선일보">조선일보</a>. 4 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417042131/https://www.chosun.com/entertainments/entertain_photo/2020/10/04/I4LP63JBQWBM3EUIHWDBAAITIM/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EB%B0%A9%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EB%85%84%EB%8B%A8%2C+%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B6%8C+%27BLM%27+%EC%BA%A0%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8+100%EB%A7%8C+%EB%8B%AC%EB%9F%AC+%EA%B8%B0%EB%B6%80+%22%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%8F%84+%ED%8E%B8%EA%B2%AC+%EC%8B%9C%EB%8B%AC%EB%A0%A4%22&rft.pub=%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B4&rft.date=2020-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chosun.com%2Fentertainments%2Fentertain_photo%2F2020%2F10%2F04%2FI4LP63JBQWBM3EUIHWDBAAITIM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unibook.unikorea.go.kr/material/view?materialScope=TOT&fields=ALL&sortField=publishYear&sortDirection=DESCENDING&keywords=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4&page=3&uid=CAT-00000000000253874">"북한이해 (2014)"</a>. 통일부 북한자료센터 (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Unification" title="Ministry of Unification">Ministry of Unification</a>: Data center on North Korea). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319111518/https://unibook.unikorea.go.kr/material/view?materialScope=TOT&fields=ALL&sortField=publishYear&sortDirection=DESCENDING&keywords=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4&page=3&uid=CAT-00000000000253874">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%B4%ED%95%B4+%282014%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funibook.unikorea.go.kr%2Fmaterial%2Fview%3FmaterialScope%3DTOT%26fields%3DALL%26sortField%3DpublishYear%26sortDirection%3DDESCENDING%26keywords%3D%25EB%25B6%2581%25ED%2595%259C%2B%25EC%259D%25B4%25ED%2595%25B4%26page%3D3%26uid%3DCAT-00000000000253874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/2021062509402345513">"브루스 커밍스 "미국이 한반도 전쟁 못 끝낸 게 '북한 핵보유' 촉발"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%88" class="extiw" title="ko:프레시안">Pressian</a></i>. 25 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230319105357/https://www.pressian.com/pages/articles/2021062509402345513">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>북한 정권은 왜 붕괴하지 않나? 북한은 철저한 반제국주의 국가다. 북한 정권이 수립될 때 만들어진 헌법에도 명시돼 있다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pressian&rft.atitle=%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4+%EC%BB%A4%EB%B0%8D%EC%8A%A4+%22%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%B4+%ED%95%9C%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84+%EC%A0%84%EC%9F%81+%EB%AA%BB+%EB%81%9D%EB%82%B8+%EA%B2%8C+%27%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%ED%95%B5%EB%B3%B4%EC%9C%A0%27+%EC%B4%89%EB%B0%9C%22&rft.date=2021-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressian.com%2Fpages%2Farticles%2F2021062509402345513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span> (in Korean)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/opinion/column/946536.html#csidx535f08b381a769e902e0f38e958540b">박노자의 한국, 안과 밖 노래를 불렀다가 '죄인'이 되는 나라, 대한민국</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230212010954/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/opinion/column/946536.html#csidx535f08b381a769e902e0f38e958540b">Archived</a> 12 February 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hankyoreh" title="The Hankyoreh">The Hankyoreh</a>. 26 May 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2022. "민중당은 조직 노동자, 비정규직 노동자들의 지지를 받으며 <b>좌파민족주의</b>적 입장에서 신자유주의를 비판하는 정당이다."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/north-korea-s-selective-detente">North Korea’s “selective détente”</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031082007/https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/north-korea-s-selective-detente">Archived</a> 31 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> East Asia Forum (2019. 01. 11). "The South Korean left prioritises the Korean race (minjok) over ideological disparity. This opens a pathway for Kim to stoke ethnonationalism and break South Korea away from the US."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/07/20/cloudy-forecast-for-moons-sunshine-policy-2-0/">Cloudy forecast for Moon’s ‘Sunshine Policy 2.0’</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231031082008/https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/07/20/cloudy-forecast-for-moons-sunshine-policy-2-0/">Archived</a> 31 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> East Asia Forum (2017. 07. 20). "In South Korean politics, liberal political parties often support a policy of engagement with North Korea. This is because left-wing politicians tend to value miunjok (the Korean race) over the North–South ideological and political divide. In a broader sense, liberals embrace ethno-nationalism — the notion that sharing the same bloodline is superior to temporary national partition. Conservatives on the other hand support regime-based nationalism, which puts emphasis on being South Korean and stresses the differences in social and political values between the two Koreas."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220307148051001">"이재명 "포용적 다문화 정책 펴겠다…이민자 컨트롤타워 설치"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Lee Jae-myung said, "I will implement an inclusive multiculturalism policy. ... I will install an pro-immigration control tower."]. <i><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="연합뉴스">연합뉴스</a></i>. 7 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130102756/https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220307148051001">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B4%EC%9E%AC%EB%AA%85+%22%ED%8F%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%A0%81+%EB%8B%A4%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94+%EC%A0%95%EC%B1%85+%ED%8E%B4%EA%B2%A0%EB%8B%A4%E2%80%A6%EC%9D%B4%EB%AF%BC%EC%9E%90+%EC%BB%A8%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9B%8C+%EC%84%A4%EC%B9%98%22&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yna.co.kr%2Fview%2FAKR20220307148051001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khan.co.kr/opinion/column/article/202212290300005">"사회적 다양성"</a> [Social diversity]. <i><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="경향신문">경향신문</a></i>. 29 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230227100114/https://www.khan.co.kr/opinion/column/article/202212290300005">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EA%B2%BD%ED%96%A5%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8&rft.atitle=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%EC%A0%81+%EB%8B%A4%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1&rft.date=2022-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khan.co.kr%2Fopinion%2Fcolumn%2Farticle%2F202212290300005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/opinion/japan-south-korea-history-tensions.html">[Opinion] Where the Cold War Never Ended</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709200932/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/12/opinion/japan-south-korea-history-tensions.html">Archived</a> 9 July 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. Aug. 12, 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressian.com/m/pages/articles/240372#0DKW">"광화문에서 성조기와 이스라엘기를 흔드는 이들에게"</a>. 프레시안. 10 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>속된 말로 일본인·중국인·미국인을 부를 때 우리는 쪽바리, 짱깨, 양키라고 한다. 일본인·중국인·미국인이라고 정명을 부른 기억은 별로 없다. 특별히 악의가 있거나 저의가 있어서 그런 것은 아니다. 생각 없이 부르지만, 그 말 속에는 민중들의 외세에 대한 거부 정서가 담겨있는 것이다. ... 이러한 멸칭들이 인종차별적인 태도에서 나왔으리라고 보지 않는다. 외세에 대한 국민정서적 거부감과 두려움, 그리고 일게 모르게 쌓인 적대감에서 나온 별칭이다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EA%B4%91%ED%99%94%EB%AC%B8%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%EC%84%B1%EC%A1%B0%EA%B8%B0%EC%99%80+%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%BC+%ED%9D%94%EB%93%9C%EB%8A%94+%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%A4%EC%97%90%EA%B2%8C&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressian.com%2Fm%2Fpages%2Farticles%2F240372%230DKW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-친일1-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-친일1_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-친일1_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-친일1_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.polinews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=413728">"조정래 "이영훈 '반일종족주의', 이스라엘이라면 사형"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>폴리뉴스</i>. 29 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303234039/https://www.polinews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=413728">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%8F%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4&rft.atitle=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%95%EB%9E%98+%22%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%81%ED%9B%88+%27%EB%B0%98%EC%9D%BC%EC%A2%85%EC%A1%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%27%2C+%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%9D%BC%EB%A9%B4+%EC%82%AC%ED%98%95%22&rft.date=2019-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.polinews.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D413728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-친일2-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-친일2_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-친일2_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/771846.html">"권력에 부역한 역사 드러내야 민주주의 전진"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="한겨레">한겨레</a></i>. 24 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303234048/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/771846.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88&rft.atitle=%EA%B6%8C%EB%A0%A5%EC%97%90+%EB%B6%80%EC%97%AD%ED%95%9C+%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC+%EB%93%9C%EB%9F%AC%EB%82%B4%EC%95%BC+%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98+%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%84&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2Fsociety%2Fsociety_general%2F771846.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-친일3-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-친일3_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-친일3_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mediatoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=132000">"반민특위에서 풀려난 친일 헌병, 김주열을 쐈다"</a>. <i>미디어오늘</i>. 11 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001081140/http://www.mediatoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=132000">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4%EC%98%A4%EB%8A%98&rft.atitle=%EB%B0%98%EB%AF%BC%ED%8A%B9%EC%9C%84%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C+%ED%92%80%EB%A0%A4%EB%82%9C+%EC%B9%9C%EC%9D%BC+%ED%97%8C%EB%B3%91%2C+%EA%B9%80%EC%A3%BC%EC%97%B4%EC%9D%84+%EC%90%88%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2016-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediatoday.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D132000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.kdemo.or.kr/photo-archives/view/00758726;jsessionid=737C4ADF89383BA66176D91956B84545">"일제 식민지만행 규탄운동을 벌이는 <b>여성단체</b>들"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Korea_Democracy_Foundation" title="Korea Democracy Foundation">Korea Democracy Foundation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001081047/https://archives.kdemo.or.kr/photo-archives/view/00758726;jsessionid=737C4ADF89383BA66176D91956B84545">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Korea+Democracy+Foundation&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%BC%EC%A0%9C+%EC%8B%9D%EB%AF%BC%EC%A7%80%EB%A7%8C%ED%96%89+%EA%B7%9C%ED%83%84%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%84+%EB%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%8A%94+%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EB%8B%A8%EC%B2%B4%EB%93%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchives.kdemo.or.kr%2Fphoto-archives%2Fview%2F00758726%3Bjsessionid%3D737C4ADF89383BA66176D91956B84545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womennews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=225079">"베를린 소녀상 철거하라고? 더 배워!… 베를린 시민이 지킨다"</a>. <i>여성신문</i>. 29 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230304051900/https://www.womennews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=225079">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%8B%A0%EB%AC%B8&rft.atitle=%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%BC%EB%A6%B0+%EC%86%8C%EB%85%80%EC%83%81+%EC%B2%A0%EA%B1%B0%ED%95%98%EB%9D%BC%EA%B3%A0%3F+%EB%8D%94+%EB%B0%B0%EC%9B%8C%21%E2%80%A6+%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%BC%EB%A6%B0+%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%9D%B4+%EC%A7%80%ED%82%A8%EB%8B%A4&rft.date=2022-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womennews.co.kr%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D225079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://keia.org/the-peninsula/the-foreign-policy-outlook-of-south-korean-progressives-part-ii/">"The Foreign Policy Outlook of South Korean Progressives: Part II"</a>. 22 February 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230703015415/https://keia.org/the-peninsula/the-foreign-policy-outlook-of-south-korean-progressives-part-ii/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+Outlook+of+South+Korean+Progressives%3A+Part+II&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkeia.org%2Fthe-peninsula%2Fthe-foreign-policy-outlook-of-south-korean-progressives-part-ii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-좌파-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-좌파_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJung_In_Kang2017" class="citation book cs1">Jung In Kang, ed. (2017). <i>Contemporary Korean Political Thought and Park Chung-hee</i>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781786602503" title="Special:BookSources/9781786602503"><bdi>9781786602503</bdi></a>. <q>Since 2005, conservative New Right scholars and <b>progressive-nationalist</b> historians have been engaged in a fierce debate over the writing of modern and contemporary Korean history in high school textbooks.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Korean+Political+Thought+and+Park+Chung-hee&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781786602503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/the-politics-behind-the-history-wars/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'South Korea: The Politics Behind the History Wars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diplomat_(magazine)" title="The Diplomat (magazine)">The Diplomat</a></i>. 29 October 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230227132424/https://thediplomat.com/2015/10/the-politics-behind-the-history-wars/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>The president's main ally in pushing through the textbook revision has been the Saenuri party chairperson Kim Moo-sung, whose own father was a prominent businessman during the Japanese occupation and <b>actively encouraged Korean youths to enlist in the Imperial Army to fight in the Pacific war.</b> Kim has been struggling to whitewash his family's history and downplay his intimate connections to the nation's corporate and media elite, and thus has been a passionate leader in the New Right movement, the ideological network behind the right wing revisionism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomat&rft.atitle=%27South+Korea%3A+The+Politics+Behind+the+History+Wars&rft.date=2015-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2015%2F10%2Fthe-politics-behind-the-history-wars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/japan-south-korea-logical-uneasy-alignment">"Japan and South Korea: A logical but uneasy alignment | Lowy Institute"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230720212928/https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-interpreter/japan-south-korea-logical-uneasy-alignment">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japan+and+South+Korea%3A+A+logical+but+uneasy+alignment+%26%23124%3B+Lowy+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lowyinstitute.org%2Fthe-interpreter%2Fjapan-south-korea-logical-uneasy-alignment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2020021114327614440">"강제징용 피해자소송 맡았던 文 "피해자 중심주의, 국제사회 대원칙"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 11 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231001081231/https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2020021114327614440">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EC%A7%95%EC%9A%A9+%ED%94%BC%ED%95%B4%EC%9E%90%EC%86%8C%EC%86%A1+%EB%A7%A1%EC%95%98%EB%8D%98+%E6%96%87+%22%ED%94%BC%ED%95%B4%EC%9E%90+%EC%A4%91%EC%8B%AC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%2C+%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C+%EB%8C%80%EC%9B%90%EC%B9%99%22&rft.date=2020-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.mt.co.kr%2Fmtview.php%3Fno%3D2020021114327614440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF강만길_(Kang_Man-gil)1989" class="citation book cs1">강만길 (Kang Man-gil), ed. (1989). <i>80년대 사회 운동 논쟁: 월간 사회 와 사상 창간 1주년 기념 전권 특별 기획</i>. 한길사.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=80%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80+%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C+%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99+%EB%85%BC%EC%9F%81%3A+%EC%9B%94%EA%B0%84+%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C+%EC%99%80+%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81+%EC%B0%BD%EA%B0%84+1%EC%A3%BC%EB%85%84+%EA%B8%B0%EB%85%90+%EC%A0%84%EA%B6%8C+%ED%8A%B9%EB%B3%84+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9A%8D&rft.pub=%ED%95%9C%EA%B8%B8%EC%82%AC&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/1086761.html">"무엇이 진보당을 '민주당 텃밭' 전주에 뿌리내리게 했나"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EA%B2%A8%EB%A0%88" class="mw-redirect" title="한겨레">한겨레</a>. 6 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409132204/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/1086761.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>. <q>그는 선거기간에 "전주시를 반미투쟁기지로 만들 수 없다"고 공격한 상대 후보들의 색깔론과 관련해 "선거운동 과정에서 가장 힘들었던 부분이었다. 민주당 소속이나 다름없는 후보가 윤석열 정권의 실정을 비판하기보다 색깔론 공격에 집중하는 게 말이 되느냐"고 꼬집었다. 실제 지역에선 친민주당 후보의 강 당선자에 대한 막판 색깔론 공세가 역풍을 불러왔다는 분석도 나온다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EB%AC%B4%EC%97%87%EC%9D%B4+%EC%A7%84%EB%B3%B4%EB%8B%B9%EC%9D%84+%27%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EB%8B%B9+%ED%85%83%EB%B0%AD%27+%EC%A0%84%EC%A3%BC%EC%97%90+%EB%BF%8C%EB%A6%AC%EB%82%B4%EB%A6%AC%EA%B2%8C+%ED%96%88%EB%82%98&rft.date=2019-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hani.co.kr%2Farti%2F1086761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ytn.co.kr/news_view.amp.php?param=0101_202111241130077511">"송영길 "북, 제2의 베트남 친미국가로...미국에 의견 전달"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. YTN. 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%86%A1%EC%98%81%EA%B8%B8+%22%EB%B6%81%2C+%EC%A0%9C2%EC%9D%98+%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8%EB%82%A8+%EC%B9%9C%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EB%A1%9C...%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%97%90+%EC%9D%98%EA%B2%AC+%EC%A0%84%EB%8B%AC%22&rft.pub=YTN&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ytn.co.kr%2Fnews_view.amp.php%3Fparam%3D0101_202111241130077511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.korea.kr/news/policyNewsView.do?newsId=148895209">"문 대통령 "한-V4 정상회의로 '신 유라시아 루트' 열려"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>korea.kr</i>. 5 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204161124/https://www.korea.kr/news/policyNewsView.do?newsId=148895209">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=korea.kr&rft.atitle=%EB%AC%B8+%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9+%22%ED%95%9C-V4+%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98%EB%A1%9C+%27%EC%8B%A0+%EC%9C%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84+%EB%A3%A8%ED%8A%B8%27+%EC%97%B4%EB%A0%A4%22&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.korea.kr%2Fnews%2FpolicyNewsView.do%3FnewsId%3D148895209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jinboparty.com/pages/?p=15&b=b_1_2&bg=&bn=4101&cno=&m=read&nPage=1&cate=&nPageSize=20&f=ALL2&s=">"[민중당 결의문] 한미동맹 파기하고 자주국가 건설하자"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928070310/https://jinboparty.com/pages/?p=15&b=b_1_2&bg=&bn=4101&cno=&m=read&nPage=1&cate=&nPageSize=20&f=ALL2&s=">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%26%2391%3B%EB%AF%BC%EC%A4%91%EB%8B%B9+%EA%B2%B0%EC%9D%98%EB%AC%B8%26%2393%3B+%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%B8%EB%8F%99%EB%A7%B9+%ED%8C%8C%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%98%EA%B3%A0+%EC%9E%90%EC%A3%BC%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80+%EA%B1%B4%EC%84%A4%ED%95%98%EC%9E%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjinboparty.com%2Fpages%2F%3Fp%3D15%26b%3Db_1_2%26bg%3D%26bn%3D4101%26cno%3D%26m%3Dread%26nPage%3D1%26cate%3D%26nPageSize%3D20%26f%3DALL2%26s%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/11/08/2017110801133.html">"트럼프 방문에 '국회 철통경호'…지하철역 출구·지하주차장도 폐쇄"</a>. 20 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001084301/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/11/08/2017110801133.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%ED%8A%B8%EB%9F%BC%ED%94%84+%EB%B0%A9%EB%AC%B8%EC%97%90+%27%EA%B5%AD%ED%9A%8C+%EC%B2%A0%ED%86%B5%EA%B2%BD%ED%98%B8%27%E2%80%A6%EC%A7%80%ED%95%98%EC%B2%A0%EC%97%AD+%EC%B6%9C%EA%B5%AC%C2%B7%EC%A7%80%ED%95%98%EC%A3%BC%EC%B0%A8%EC%9E%A5%EB%8F%84+%ED%8F%90%EC%87%84&rft.date=2020-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2017%2F11%2F08%2F2017110801133.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jacobinmag.com/2020/01/taiwan-elections-hong-kong-protests-china-dpp-kmt">"Viewing Taiwan From the Left"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobin magazine">Jacobin magazine</a></i>. 10 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201226000501/https://jacobinmag.com/2020/01/taiwan-elections-hong-kong-protests-china-dpp-kmt">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>. <q>Broadly speaking, the political left has been pro-independence; their notion of independence was historically shaped, particularly in the postwar period, by the wave of anticolonial uprisings across the world, as well as elements of Leninist conceptions of self-determination. ... ... and the DPP and other more pro-independence Taiwanese political parties bank on US imperialism as a way to ward off China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jacobin+magazine&rft.atitle=Viewing+Taiwan+From+the+Left&rft.date=2020-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobinmag.com%2F2020%2F01%2Ftaiwan-elections-hong-kong-protests-china-dpp-kmt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzálezNúñez_Seijas1995" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">González, Justo Beramendi; Núñez Seijas, X. M. (1995). <i>O Nacionalismo Galego</i> (in Galician). A Nosa Terra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=O+Nacionalismo+Galego&rft.pub=A+Nosa+Terra&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Justo+Beramendi&rft.au=N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez+Seijas%2C+X.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzález2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">González, Justo Beramendi (2007). <i>De provincia a nación</i> (in Galician). Edicións Xerais de Galicia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+provincia+a+naci%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Edici%C3%B3ns+Xerais+de+Galicia&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Gonz%C3%A1lez&rft.aufirst=Justo+Beramendi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xaviercasals.wordpress.com/2014/04/09/entrevista-a-marcel-farinelli-1-corcega-y-cerdena-forman-un-archipielago-invisible-al-tener-sus-islas-nacionalismos-de-signo-opuesto/">"Entrevista a Marcel Farinelli (1): "Córcega y Cerdeña forman un archipélago invisibile al tener sus islas nacionalismos de signo opuesto"</a>. <i>WordPress</i> (in Spanish). 9 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312132141/https://xaviercasals.wordpress.com/2014/04/09/entrevista-a-marcel-farinelli-1-corcega-y-cerdena-forman-un-archipielago-invisible-al-tener-sus-islas-nacionalismos-de-signo-opuesto/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WordPress&rft.atitle=Entrevista+a+Marcel+Farinelli+%281%29%3A+%22C%C3%B3rcega+y+Cerde%C3%B1a+forman+un+archip%C3%A9lago+invisibile+al+tener+sus+islas+nacionalismos+de+signo+opuesto&rft.date=2014-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxaviercasals.wordpress.com%2F2014%2F04%2F09%2Fentrevista-a-marcel-farinelli-1-corcega-y-cerdena-forman-un-archipielago-invisible-al-tener-sus-islas-nacionalismos-de-signo-opuesto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frankel 1984 [1981].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knapp-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Knapp_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Knapp_and_Vincent_Wright2006" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Knapp and Vincent Wright (2006). <i>The Government and Politics of France</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Government+and+Politics+of+France&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Andrew+Knapp+and+Vincent+Wright&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_John_Small1998" class="citation book cs1">Stephen John Small, ed. (1998). <i>Republicanism, Patriotism and Radicalism: Political Thought in Ireland, 1776-98</i>. University of Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Republicanism%2C+Patriotism+and+Radicalism%3A+Political+Thought+in+Ireland%2C+1776-98&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_DicksonDáire_KeoghKevin_Whelan1993" class="citation book cs1">David Dickson; Dáire Keogh; Kevin Whelan, eds. (1993). <i>The United Irishmen: Republicanism, Radicalism, and Rebellion</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lilliput_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilliput Press">Lilliput Press</a>. p. 125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780946640959" title="Special:BookSources/9780946640959"><bdi>9780946640959</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Irishmen%3A+Republicanism%2C+Radicalism%2C+and+Rebellion&rft.pages=125&rft.pub=Lilliput+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780946640959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trybun.org.pl/2019/07/22/mateusz-morawiecki-robotnicza-mysl-socjalistyczna-jest-gleboko-obecna-w-filozofii-prawa-i-sprawiedliwosci/">"Mateusz Morawiecki: robotnicza myśl socjalistyczna jest głęboko obecna w filozofii Prawa i Sprawiedliwości"</a>. <i>Andrzej Turczyn</i>. 22 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306222209/https://trybun.org.pl/2019/07/22/mateusz-morawiecki-robotnicza-mysl-socjalistyczna-jest-gleboko-obecna-w-filozofii-prawa-i-sprawiedliwosci/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Republican+People%27s+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.chp.org.tr%2Fchp-tarihi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chp.azureedge.net-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chp.azureedge.net_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chp.azureedge.net_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190509051049/https://chp.azureedge.net/1d48b01630ef43d9b2edf45d55842cae.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chp.azureedge.net/1d48b01630ef43d9b2edf45d55842cae.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 May 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchp.azureedge.net%2F1d48b01630ef43d9b2edf45d55842cae.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaĭstrenkoFord2019" class="citation book cs1">Maĭstrenko, Ivan; Ford, Christopher (2019). <a href="/wiki/George_S._N._Luckyj" title="George S. 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Grundprobleme des Landes und Einstellungen rumänischer Jugendlicher auf dem Weg in die Europäische Union</i> (in German). Wiesbaden: Deutscher UniversitätsVerlag. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3322813206" title="Special:BookSources/978-3322813206"><bdi>978-3322813206</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240223051504/https://books.google.com/books?id=tQYlBgAAQBAJ&q=PSD+links-&pg=PP1#v=snippet&q=PSD%20links-&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Parteien+und+politische+Entwicklung&rft.btitle=Beitrittsbarometer+Rum%C3%A4nien.+Grundprobleme+des+Landes+und+Einstellungen+rum%C3%A4nischer+Jugendlicher+auf+dem+Weg+in+die+Europ%C3%A4ische+Union.&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Deutscher+Universit%C3%A4tsVerlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3322813206&rft.aulast=Lei%C3%9Fe&rft.aufirst=Olaf&rft.au=Lei%C3%9Fe%2C+Utta-Kristin&rft.au=Richter%2C+Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtQYlBgAAQBAJ%26q%3DPSD%2Blinks-%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽelinský" class="citation web cs1">Želinský, Dominik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceeidentity.eu/sites/default/files/downloads/zelinsky_final.pdf">"Great ExpectionsÑ Slovak Nationalist initiatives in the light of Communal Elections 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia: CEEIdentity<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Expections%C3%91+Slovak+Nationalist+initiatives+in+the+light+of+Communal+Elections+2014&rft.place=Bratislava%2C+Slovakia&rft.pub=CEEIdentity&rft.aulast=%C5%BDelinsk%C3%BD&rft.aufirst=Dominik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeidentity.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdownloads%2Fzelinsky_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121123004/http://www.ceeidentity.eu/sites/default/files/downloads/zelinsky_final.pdf">Archived</a> 21 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlonso2012" class="citation book cs1">Alonso, Sonia (2012). <i>Challenging the State: Devolution and the Battle for Partisan Credibility: A Comparison of Belgium, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199691579" title="Special:BookSources/9780199691579"><bdi>9780199691579</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Challenging+the+State%3A+Devolution+and+the+Battle+for+Partisan+Credibility%3A+A+Comparison+of+Belgium%2C+Italy%2C+Spain%2C+and+the+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199691579&rft.aulast=Alonso&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamiroMorales2007" class="citation book cs1">Ramiro, Luis; Morales, Laura (2007). "European Integration and Spanish Parties: Elite Empowerment Amidst Limited Adaptation". <i>The Europeanization of National Political Parties: Power and Organizational Adaptation</i>. Routledge. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134143542" title="Special:BookSources/9781134143542"><bdi>9781134143542</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=European+Integration+and+Spanish+Parties%3A+Elite+Empowerment+Amidst+Limited+Adaptation&rft.btitle=The+Europeanization+of+National+Political+Parties%3A+Power+and+Organizational+Adaptation&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781134143542&rft.aulast=Ramiro&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.au=Morales%2C+Laura&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Left-wing-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Left-wing_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021021815/https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/taiwan-lee-09232019150838.html">"Taiwan Activist's Wife Calls on China to Allow Him Home For Funeral"</a>. Radio Free Asia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/taiwan-lee-09232019150838.html">the original</a> on 21 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>Lin Yu-ming of the left-wing, pro-independence Taiwan State Building Party said that China is increasingly seeking to inflence  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] the democratic island's 23 million residents ahead of presidential elections in 2020, at which Tsai is seeking re-election.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taiwan+Activist%27s+Wife+Calls+on+China+to+Allow+Him+Home+For+Funeral&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Asia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfa.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Fchina%2Ftaiwan-lee-09232019150838.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Progressive-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Progressive_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hongkongfp.com/2021/10/31/the-loss-of-language-is-the-loss-of-heritage-the-push-to-revive-taiwanese-in-taiwan/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'The loss of language is the loss of heritage:' the push to revive Taiwanese in Taiwan"</a>. Hong Kong Free Press. 31 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2021</span>. <q>But the implementation of 18 national languages in official settings has not gone smoothly. In late September, a conversation between Defense Minister Chiu Kuo-cheng and the <b>progressive Taiwan Statebuilding Party'</b>s only elected lawmaker, Chen Po-wei, became heated after Chen requested the use of an interpreter so he could speak in Taigí, his mother tongue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27The+loss+of+language+is+the+loss+of+heritage%3A%27+the+push+to+revive+Taiwanese+in+Taiwan&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Free+Press&rft.date=2021-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhongkongfp.com%2F2021%2F10%2F31%2Fthe-loss-of-language-is-the-loss-of-heritage-the-push-to-revive-taiwanese-in-taiwan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210218112142/https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2020/03/not-just-a-two-party-system/">"Not Just a Two-party System"</a>. Taiwan Business TOPICS. 25 March 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2020/03/not-just-a-two-party-system/">the original</a> on 18 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2020</span>. <q>Besides supporting Taiwan independence, the TSP regards itself as a left-wing party that promotes social equality and admires the social welfare systems of northern European countries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Not+Just+a+Two-party+System&rft.pub=Taiwan+Business+TOPICS&rft.date=2020-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopics.amcham.com.tw%2F2020%2F03%2Fnot-just-a-two-party-system%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF高忠義2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">高忠義 (22 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.storm.mg/article/451290">"民進黨小弟連線"</a>. <i>The Storm Media</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <q>基進黨標榜台獨左派[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Storm+Media&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%B0%8F%E5%BC%9F%E9%80%A3%E7%B7%9A&rft.date=2018-06-22&rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E5%BF%A0%E7%BE%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.storm.mg%2Farticle%2F451290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2023/11/where-do-trans-rights-stand-in-taiwan-after-same-sex-marriage-legalization/">"Where Do Trans Rights Stand in Taiwan After Same-Sex Marriage Legalization?"</a>. The Diplomat. 1 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>. <q>The TSP is another pro-independence party, but also promotes itself as a progressive, left-wing party.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+Do+Trans+Rights+Stand+in+Taiwan+After+Same-Sex+Marriage+Legalization%3F&rft.pub=The+Diplomat&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2023%2F11%2Fwhere-do-trans-rights-stand-in-taiwan-after-same-sex-marriage-legalization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_117-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_117-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221024093029/https://marxist.tw/3q-recalled-what-does-it-mean/">"陳柏惟被罷免…意味著什麼？"</a>. <i>火花</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 26 October 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://marxist.tw/3q-recalled-what-does-it-mean/">the original</a> on 24 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2022</span>. <q>如今，只要看看台灣基進網站的「關於我們」頁面，「左」這個字也不存在了，取而代之的是五花八門的「抗中」口號。這當然是一種誠實的表現：他們從一開始就從來不是什麼「左派」，而是用各種冠冕堂皇的詞彙重新包裝極端福佬沙文主義的極右翼。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%81%AB%E8%8A%B1&rft.atitle=%E9%99%B3%E6%9F%8F%E6%83%9F%E8%A2%AB%E7%BD%B7%E5%85%8D%E2%80%A6%E6%84%8F%E5%91%B3%E8%91%97%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2021-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmarxist.tw%2F3q-recalled-what-does-it-mean%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF孫偉倫2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">孫偉倫 (20 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cmmedia.com.tw/home/articles/10474">"第三勢力小黨組策略聯盟只是形式大於實質？"</a>. <i>CredereMedia</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). <q>而基進黨在光譜上常被時為極右派政黨[...]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CredereMedia&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8B%A2%E5%8A%9B%E5%B0%8F%E9%BB%A8%E7%B5%84%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F+%E5%8F%AA%E6%98%AF%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E5%A4%A7%E6%96%BC%E5%AF%A6%E8%B3%AA%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2018-06-20&rft.au=%E5%AD%AB%E5%81%89%E5%80%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmmedia.com.tw%2Fhome%2Farticles%2F10474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF高忠義2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">高忠義 (22 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190413184752/https://www.storm.mg/article/451290">"民進黨小弟連線"</a>. <i>風傳媒</i> (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.storm.mg/article/451290">the original</a> on 13 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E9%A2%A8%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E9%80%B2%E9%BB%A8%E5%B0%8F%E5%BC%9F%E9%80%A3%E7%B7%9A&rft.date=2018-06-22&rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E5%BF%A0%E7%BE%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.storm.mg%2Farticle%2F451290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Left-wing_nationalism&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li>Borkenau, Franz (2013). <i>Socialism: National or International</i> (reprinted ed.). Milton: Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135025823" title="Special:BookSources/9781135025823">9781135025823</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevlin1975" class="citation book cs1">Devlin, John F. (1975). <i>The Ba'th Party: A History from its origins to 1966</i> (2nd ed.). Hoover Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-6561-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-6561-7"><bdi>978-0-8179-6561-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ba%27th+Party%3A+A+History+from+its+origins+to+1966&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-6561-7&rft.aulast=Devlin&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeft-wing+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Frankel, Jonathan. 1981 [1984]. <i>Prophecy and Politics: Socialism, Nationalism, and the Russian Jews, 1862-1917</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Milner, Henry and Sheilagh Hodgins. 1973. <i>The Decolonization of Quebec: An Analysis of Left-Wing Nationalism</i>. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/milner_henry/decolonization_of_quebec/decolonization_qc.html">p. 257</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090517094852/http://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/milner_henry/decolonization_of_quebec/decolonization_qc.html">Archived</a> 17 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>Milner, Henry. 1989. <i>Sweden: Social Democracy in Practice</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Nimni, Ephraim. 1991. <i>Marxism and Nationalism: Theoretical Origins of a Political Crisis</i>. London: Pluto Press.</li> <li>Pask, Kevin. "Late Nationalism: The Case of Quebec", <i>New Left Review</i>, 11, September–October 2001 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newleftreview.org/?view=2345">preview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005151348/https://newleftreview.org/?view=2345">Archived</a> 5 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li>Perica, Vjekoslav. 2002. <i>Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Ramet, Sabrina P. 2006. <i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918-2005</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.</li> <li>Sa'adah, Anne. 1987 [2003]. <i>Contemporary France: a democratic education</i>. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield & Publishers.</li> <li>Schmitt, Richard. 1997, "Introduction to Marx and Engels: A Critical Reconstruction." <i>Dimensions of Philosophy Series</i>. Boulder and Oxford: Westview Press.</li> <li>Smith, Angel; Berger, Stefan. 1999. <i>Nationalism, Labour and Ethnicity 1870-1939</i>. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Taras" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Taras">Taras, Ray</a> (ed.). 1992. <i>The Road to Disillusion: From Critical Marxism to Post-communism in Eastern Europe</i>. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe.</li> <li>van Ree, Erik. 2002. <i>The Political Thought of Joseph Stalin: A Study in twentieth-century Revolutionary Patriotism</i>. London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon.</li> <li>Wachtel, Andrew. 2006. <i>Remaining Relevant after Communism: The Role of the Writer in Eastern Europe</i>. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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anthem">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">Colours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_epic" title="National epic">Epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_god" title="National god">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_language" title="National language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_nationalism" title="Musical nationalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">Myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbol" title="National symbol">Symbol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="National Animal">Animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Emblem" title="National Emblem">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_emblem" class="mw-redirect" title="Floral emblem">Flower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_treasure" title="National treasure">Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_nationalism" title="African nationalism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National-anarchism" title="National-anarchism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_nationalism" title="Blind nationalism">Blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_nationalism" title="Business nationalism">Business</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_chauvinism" title="Welfare chauvinism">Welfare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_patriotism" title="Constitutional patriotism">Constitutional patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate nationalism">Corporate-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-nationalism">Cyber-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_nationalism" title="Economic nationalism">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansionist_nationalism" title="Expansionist nationalism">Expansionist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palingenetic_ultranationalism" title="Palingenetic ultranationalism">Palingenetic ultranationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonationalism" title="Homonationalism">Homo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Left-wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_communism" title="National communism">Communist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_imperialism" title="Linguistic imperialism">Linguistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_mysticism" title="National mysticism">Mystic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-/New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_nationalism" title="Queer nationalism">Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_nationalism" title="Religious nationalism">Religious</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism" title="Christian nationalism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Catholicism" title="National Catholicism">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerico-nationalism" title="Clerico-nationalism">Clerico-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">Mormon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_nationalism" title="Islamic nationalism">Islamic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_nationalism" title="Resource nationalism">Resource</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_nationalism" title="Revolutionary nationalism">Revolutionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Ethnocacerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_syndicalism" title="National syndicalism">National syndicalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falangism" title="Falangism">Falangism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fascist_movements" title="List of fascist movements">List of fascist movements</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Technological nationalism">Technological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_nationalism" title="Territorial nationalism">Territorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_terrorism" title="Nationalist terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnationalism" title="Transnationalism">Trans-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism" title="Ultranationalism">Ultra-</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Japan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nationalist_organizations" title="List of nationalist organizations">List of nationalist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Clubs" title="Nationalist Clubs">Nationalist Clubs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism" title="Anarchism and nationalism">Anarchism and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anationalism">Anationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-nationalism">Anti-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banal_nationalism" title="Banal nationalism">Banal nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_nationalism" title="Cultural nationalism">Cultural nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exceptionalism" title="Exceptionalism">Exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastronationalism" title="Gastronationalism">Gastronationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_and_gender" title="Nationalism and gender">Gender and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_and_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Historiography and nationalism">Historiography and nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irredentism" title="Irredentism">Irredentism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingoism" title="Jingoism">Jingoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation-building" title="Nation-building">Nation-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_indifference" title="National indifference">National indifference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_question" title="National question">National question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_revival" title="National revival">National revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">Nation state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism_studies" title="Nationalism studies">Nationalism studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_border" title="Natural border">Natural border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plurinationalism" title="Plurinationalism">Plurinationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principle_of_nationalities&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Principle of nationalities (page does not exist)">Principle of nationalities</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principe_des_nationalit%C3%A9s" class="extiw" title="fr:Principe des nationalités">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revanchism" title="Revanchism">Revanchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-building" title="State-building">State-building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Wars of national liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socialism965" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism" title="Template:Socialism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Socialism" title="Template talk:Socialism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Socialism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socialism965" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="vertical-align:1px;"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History</a> - <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_socialism" title="Outline of socialism">Outline</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_socialism" title="Types of socialism">Schools of<br />thought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_socialism" title="Agrarian socialism">Agrarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_socialism" title="Guild socialism">Guild</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalism" title="Syndicalism">Syndicalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_socialism" title="Market socialism">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_socialism" title="Scientific socialism">Scientific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fourierism" title="Fourierism">Fourierism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icarians" title="Icarians">Icarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owenism" title="Owenism">Owenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simonianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Simonianism">Saint-Simonianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Hal_Draper" title="Hal Draper">from below</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-communism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-communism">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Free-market</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire#Socialism" title="Laissez-faire">Left-wing laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_market_anarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing market anarchism">Left-wing market</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism" title="Individualist anarchism">Individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Insurrectionary anarchism">Insurrectionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magonism" title="Magonism">Magonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutualism_(economic_theory)" title="Mutualism (economic theory)">Mutualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Neozapatismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platformism" title="Platformism">Platformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_anarchism" title="Social anarchism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-syndicalism" title="Anarcho-syndicalism">Syndicalist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Marxism">Libertarian Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_communism" title="Left communism">Left communism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_communism" title="Council communism">Council communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg#Thought" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_spontaneity#Mao-Spontex" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolutionary spontaneity">Mao-Spontex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Pablo" title="Michel Pablo">Pabloism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_International_Posadist" title="Fourth International Posadist">Posadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Trotskyism" title="Orthodox Trotskyism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_camp" title="Third camp">Third camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism" title="Authoritarian socialism">Authoritarian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Authoritarian_socialism#Socialism_from_above" title="Authoritarian socialism">from above</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_communism" title="Barracks communism">Barracks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Nechayev" title="Sergey Nechayev">Nechayevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanquism" title="Blanquism">Blanquism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshevism" title="Bolshevism">Bolshevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leninism" title="Leninism">Leninism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine" title="Brezhnev Doctrine">Brezhnevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Fidel_Castro" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Fidel Castro">Castroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu#Ceaușescu's_policies" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Ceaușism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guevarism" title="Guevarism">Guevarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_Thought" title="Ho Chi Minh Thought">Ho Chi Minh Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxhaism" title="Hoxhaism">Hoxhaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husakism" title="Husakism">Husakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goulash_Communism" title="Goulash Communism">Kadarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khrushchevism" class="mw-redirect" title="Khrushchevism">Khrushchevism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping_Theory" title="Deng Xiaoping Theory">Dengism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoism_(Third_Worldism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoism (Third Worldism)">Maoism–Third Worldism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Thought" title="Gonzalo Thought">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism%E2%80%93Maoism%E2%80%93Prachanda_Path" title="Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path">Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping_Thought" title="Xi Jinping Thought">Xi Jinping Thought</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalinism" title="Stalinism">Stalinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bolshevism" title="National Bolshevism">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tkachev" title="Pyotr Tkachev">Tkachevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lassallism" title="Lassallism">Lassallism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_socialism" title="Religious socialism">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_socialism" title="Buddhist socialism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_communism" title="Christian communism">communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_socialism" title="Islamic socialism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_socialism" title="African socialism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_leftism" title="Afro-Caribbean leftism">African-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolivarianism" title="Bolivarianism">Bolivarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Principles_of_the_People" title="Three Principles of the People">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_with_Chinese_characteristics" title="Socialism with Chinese characteristics">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_ideology_of_the_Kuomintang" title="Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang">Nationalist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiangism" title="Chiangism">Chiangist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">European</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurocommunism" title="Eurocommunism">Eurocommunism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhian_socialism" title="Gandhian socialism">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marhaenism" title="Marhaenism">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_socialism" title="Melanesian socialism">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neozapatismo" title="Neozapatismo">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideology_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country" title="Socialism in one country">In one country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_socialism" title="Real socialism">Real</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Socialism in Sri Lanka">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World_socialism" title="Third World socialism">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titoism" title="Titoism">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key topics<br />and issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-revisionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-revisionism">Anti-revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_socialism" title="Criticism of socialism">Criticism of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_political_economy" title="Critique of political economy">Critique of political economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_work" title="Critique of work">Critique of work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat" title="Dictatorship of the proletariat">Dictatorship of the proletariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_equal_liberty#Equal_liberty" title="Law of equal liberty">Equal liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equality of opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_of_outcome" title="Equality of outcome">Equality of outcome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anarchism" title="History of anarchism">History of anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_communism" title="History of communism">History of communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">History of socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History of social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impossibilism" title="Impossibilism">Impossibilism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The Internationale</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mode_of_production" title="Mode of production">Mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanosocialism" title="Nanosocialism">Nanosocialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy" title="Planned economy">Planned economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-capitalism" title="Post-capitalism">Post-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_revolution" title="Proletarian revolution">Proletarian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ownership" title="Social ownership">Socialisation of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_economics" title="Socialist economics">Socialist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_market_economy" title="Socialist market economy">Socialist market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">State capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_council" title="Workers' council">Workers' council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhocracy" title="Adhocracy">Adhocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchist_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist economics">Anarchist economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_income" title="Universal basic income">Basic income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calculation_in_kind" title="Calculation in kind">Calculation in kind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ownership" title="Common ownership">Common ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planned_economy#Decentralized_planning" title="Planned economy">Decentralized planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_planning" title="Economic planning">Economic planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Equal opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_association_of_producers" title="Free association of producers">Free association of producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor-time_calculation" title="Labor-time calculation">Labor-time calculation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_voucher" title="Labour voucher">Labour voucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_self-management" title="Workers' self-management">Organizational self-management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_for_use" title="Production for use">Production for use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">Public ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_dividend" title="Social dividend">Social dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_mode_of_production" title="Socialist mode of production">Socialist mode of production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialists" title="Category:Socialists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-No%C3%ABl_Babeuf" title="François-Noël Babeuf">Gracchus Babeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_d%27Hupay" title="Victor d'Hupay">Victor d'Hupay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Bonnot_de_Mably" title="Gabriel Bonnot de Mably">Gabriel Bonnot de Mably</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Mar%C3%A9chal" title="Sylvain Maréchal">Sylvain Maréchal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Gabriel_Morelly" title="Étienne-Gabriel Morelly">Étienne-Gabriel Morelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Stephen Pearl Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin" title="Mikhail Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodwyn_Barmby" title="John Goodwyn Barmby">John Goodwyn Barmby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Barone" title="Enrico Barone">Enrico Barone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Bellamy" title="Edward Bellamy">Edward Bellamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Eduard Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Louis Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Auguste_Blanqui" title="Louis Auguste Blanqui">Louis Auguste Blanqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buchez" title="Philippe Buchez">Philippe Buchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_B%C3%BCchner" title="Georg Büchner">Georg Büchner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Buonarroti" title="Philippe Buonarroti">Philippe Buonarroti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Largo_Caballero" title="Francisco Largo Caballero">Francisco Largo Caballero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Cabet" title="Étienne Cabet">Étienne Cabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Edward Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Chernyshevsky" title="Nikolay Chernyshevsky">Nikolay Chernyshevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Prosper_Considerant" title="Victor Prosper Considerant">Victor Prosper Considerant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_D%C3%A9mar" title="Claire Démar">Claire Démar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_D%C3%A9zamy" title="Théodore Dézamy">Théodore Dézamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy-Prosper_Enfantin" title="Barthélemy-Prosper Enfantin">Prosper Enfantin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Batchelder_Greene" title="William Batchelder Greene">William Batchelder Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hall_(economist)" title="Charles Hall (economist)">Charles Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Herzen" title="Alexander Herzen">Alexander Herzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hodgskin" title="Thomas Hodgskin">Thomas Hodgskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Peter Kropotkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Lafargue" title="Paul Lafargue">Paul Lafargue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Ferdinand Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Lavrov" title="Pyotr Lavrov">Pyotr Lavrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Auguste_Ledru-Rollin" title="Alexandre Auguste Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Ledru-Rollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Leroux" title="Pierre Leroux">Pierre Leroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Macfarlane" title="Helen Macfarlane">Helen Macfarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errico_Malatesta" title="Errico Malatesta">Errico Malatesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Louise Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Mikhaylovsky" title="Nikolay Mikhaylovsky">Nikolay Mikhaylovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">William Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Owen" title="Robert Owen">Robert Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonie_Pannekoek" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonie Pannekoek">Antonie Pannekoek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pascoli" title="Giovanni Pascoli">Giovanni Pascoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Pecqueur" title="Constantin Pecqueur">Constantin Pecqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Georgi Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Joseph_Proudhon" title="Pierre-Joseph Proudhon">Pierre-Joseph Proudhon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Emilio_Recabarren" title="Luis Emilio Recabarren">Luis Emilio Recabarren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Saint-Simon" title="Henri de Saint-Simon">Henri de Saint-Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Saltykov-Shchedrin" title="Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin">Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Schulz" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz">Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Sue" title="Eugène Sue">Eugène Sue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Lysander Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_M._Taylor" title="Fred M. Taylor">Fred M. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thompson_(philosopher)" title="William Thompson (philosopher)">William Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Tkachev" title="Pyotr Tkachev">Pyotr Tkachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Benjamin Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Voilquin" title="Suzanne Voilquin">Suzanne Voilquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Warren" title="Josiah Warren">Josiah Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Weitling" title="Wilhelm Weitling">Wilhelm Weitling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Ali" title="Tariq Ali">Tariq Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Salvador Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inejir%C5%8D_Asanuma" title="Inejirō Asanuma">Inejirō Asanuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San" title="Aung San">Aung San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Barbusse" title="Henri Barbusse">Henri Barbusse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Lee_Boggs" title="Grace Lee Boggs">Grace Lee Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Aristide Briand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin" title="Nikolai Bukharin">Nikolai Bukharin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Castoriadis" title="Cornelius Castoriadis">Cornelius Castoriadis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._H._Cole" title="G. D. H. Cole">G. D. H. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_D%C3%A9at" title="Marcel Déat">Marcel Déat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Eugene V. Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">John Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz_Ahmad_Faiz" title="Faiz Ahmad Faiz">Faiz Ahmad Faiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einar_Gerhardsen" title="Einar Gerhardsen">Einar Gerhardsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Gorky" title="Maxim Gorky">Maxim Gorky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" title="Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safdar_Hashmi" title="Safdar Hashmi">Safdar Hashmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Hobsbawm" title="Eric Hobsbawm">Eric Hobsbawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Ib%C3%A1rruri" title="Dolores Ibárruri">Dolores Ibárruri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pablo_Iglesias_Posse" title="Pablo Iglesias Posse">Pablo Iglesias Posse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Jacoby" title="Russell Jacoby">Russell Jacoby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong-il" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Jong-il">Kim Jong-il</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Kollontai" title="Alexandra Kollontai">Alexandra Kollontai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larkin" title="James Larkin">James Larkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Lefebvre" title="Henri Lefebvre">Henri Lefebvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Lefort" title="Claude Lefort">Claude Lefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Luk%C3%A1cs" title="György Lukács">György Lukács</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun" title="Lu Xun">Lu Xun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_MacIntyre" title="Alasdair MacIntyre">Alasdair MacIntyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Mari%C3%A1tegui" title="José Carlos Mariátegui">José Carlos Mariátegui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_Marquet" title="Adrien Marquet">Adrien Marquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Dun" title="Mao Dun">Mao Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salama_Moussa" title="Salama Moussa">Salama Moussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imre_Nagy" title="Imre Nagy">Imre Nagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Niekisch" title="Ernst Niekisch">Ernst Niekisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne_Win" title="Ne Win">Ne Win</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Sylvia Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Paterson" title="Fred Paterson">Fred Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Polanyi" title="Karl Polanyi">Karl Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Renaudel" title="Pierre Renaudel">Pierre Renaudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._T._Ranadive" title="B. T. Ranadive">B. T. Ranadive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Salvemini" title="Gaetano Salvemini">Gaetano Salvemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_S%C3%A9dar_Senghor" title="Léopold Sédar Senghor">Léopold Sédar Senghor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._H._Tawney" title="R. H. Tawney">R. H. Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._P._Thompson" title="E. P. Thompson">E. P. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Toller" title="Ernst Toller">Ernst Toller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Trotsky" title="Leon Trotsky">Leon Trotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Manohar_Lohia" title="Ram Manohar Lohia">Ram Manohar Lohia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">Cornel West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Clara Zetkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Zinn" title="Howard Zinn">Howard Zinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Posadas" title="J. Posadas">J. Posadas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st <abbr title="century">c.</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Castillo" title="Pedro Castillo">Pedro Castillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Crow" title="Bob Crow">Bob Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu" title="Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu">Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un" title="Kim Jong Un">Kim Jong Un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evo_Morales" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanis_Varoufakis" title="Yanis Varoufakis">Yanis Varoufakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Vaush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_organizations" title="Category:Socialist organizations">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_socialist_organizations" title="Category:International socialist organizations">International socialist organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Socialist_parties" title="Category:Socialist parties">Socialist parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_calculation_problem" title="Economic calculation problem">Economic calculation problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_philosophy" title="Marxist philosophy">Marxist philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Left" title="Old Left">Old Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Socialism_by_state" title="Template:Socialism by state">Socialism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_calculation_debate" title="Socialist calculation debate">Socialist calculation debate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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