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Glycosides</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Steviol Glycosides"> <meta name="keywords" content="Steviol Glycosides"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Steviol Glycosides"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 84</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Steviol Glycosides</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">84</span> Isolation, Identification and Characterization of the Bacteria and Yeast from the Fermented Stevia Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asato%20Takaishi">Asato Takaishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masashi%20Nasuhara"> Masashi Nasuhara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayuko%20Itsuki"> Ayuko Itsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenichi%20Suga"> Kenichi Suga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a composite plant native to Paraguay. Stevia sweetener is derived from a hot water extract of Stevia (Stevia extract), which has some effects such as histamine decomposition, antioxidative effect, and blood sugar level-lowering function. The steviol glycosides in the Stevia extract are considered to contribute to these effects. In addition, these effects increase by the fermentation. However, it takes a long time for fermentation of Stevia extract and the fermentation liquid sometimes decays during the fermentation process because natural fermentation method is used. The aim of this study is to perform the fermentation of Stevia extract in a shorter period, and to produce the fermentation liquid in stable quality. From the natural fermentation liquid of Stevia extract, the four strains of useful (good taste) microorganisms were isolated using dilution plate count method and some properties were determined. The base sequences of 16S rDNA and 28S rDNA revealed three bacteria (two Lactobacillus sp. and Microbacterium sp.) and one yeast (Issatchenkia sp.). This result has corresponded that several kinds of lactic bacterium such as Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus buchneri were isolated from Stevia leaves. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometory (LC/MS/MS) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to determine the contents of steviol glycosides and neutral sugars. When these strains were cultured in the sterile Stevia extract, the steviol and stevioside were increased in the fermented Stevia extract. So, it was suggested that the rebaudioside A and the mixture of steviol glycosides in the Stevia extract were decomposed into stevioside and steviol by microbial metabolism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title="fermentation">fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lactobacillus" title=" lactobacillus"> lactobacillus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stevia" title=" Stevia"> Stevia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steviol%20glycosides" title=" steviol glycosides"> steviol glycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62007/isolation-identification-and-characterization-of-the-bacteria-and-yeast-from-the-fermented-stevia-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">564</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">83</span> Phytosynthesized Iron Nanoparticles Elicited Growth and Biosynthesis of Steviol Glycosides in Invitro Stevia rebaudiana Plant Cultures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Ali">Amir Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Yael%20Mendoza"> Laura Yael Mendoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The application of nanomaterials is becoming the most effective strategy of elicitation to produce a desirable level of plant biomass with complex medicinal compounds. This study was designed to check the influence of phytosynthesized iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) on physical growth characteristics, antioxidant status, and production of steviol glycosides of in vitro grown Stevia rebaudiana. Effect of different concentrations of iron nanoparticles replacement of iron sulfate in MS medium (stock solution) on invitro stevia plant growth following positive control (MS basal medium), negative control (iron sulfate devoid medium), iron sulfate devoid MS medium and supplemented with FeNPs at different concentrations (5.6 mg/L, 11.2 mg/L, 16.8 mg/L, 22.4 mg/L) was evaluated. The iron deficiency leads to a drastic reduction in plant growth. In contrast, applying FeNPs leads to improvement in plant height, leave diameter, improved leave morphology, etc., in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the stress caused by FeNPs at 16.8 mg/L in cultures produced higher levels of total phenolic content (3.7 ± 0.042 mg/g dry weight: DW) and total flavonoid content (1.9 ± 0.022 mg/g DW and antioxidant activity (78 ± 4.6%). In addition, plants grown in the presence of FeNPs at 22.4 mg/L resulted in higher enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD = 3.5 ± 0.042 U/mg; POD = 2.6 ± 0.026 U/mg; CAT = 2.8 ± 0.034 U/mg and APx = 3.6 ± 0.043 U/ mg), respectively. Furthermore, exposure to a higher dose of FeNPs (22.4 mg/L) exhibited the maximum amount of stevioside (stevioside: 4.6 ± 0.058 mg/g (DW) and rebaudioside A: 4.9 ± 0.068 mg/g DW) as compared to other doses. The current investigation confirms the effectiveness of FeNPs in growth media. It offers a suitable prospect for commercially desirable production of S. rebaudiana biomass with higher sweet glycosides profiles in vitro. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20culture" title="cell culture">cell culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stevia" title=" stevia"> stevia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20nanoparticles" title=" iron nanoparticles"> iron nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169828/phytosynthesized-iron-nanoparticles-elicited-growth-and-biosynthesis-of-steviol-glycosides-in-invitro-stevia-rebaudiana-plant-cultures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">82</span> Optimization of Sucrose Concentration, PH Level and Inoculum Size for Callus Proliferation and Anti-bacterial Potential of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inayat%20Ur%20Rahman%20Arshad">Inayat Ur Rahman Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stevia rebaudiana B. is a shrubby perennial herb of Asteraceae family that possesses the unique ability of accumulative non caloric sweet Steviol Glycosides (SGs). The purpose of the study is to optimize sugar concentration, pH level and inoculum size for inducing the callus with optimum growth and efficient antibacterial potential. Three different experiments were conducted in which Callus explant from three-months-old already established callus of Stevia reabudiana of four different sizes were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with five different sucrose concentration and pH adjusted at four different levels. Maximum callus induction 100, 87.5 and 85.33% was resulted in the medium supplemented with 30g/l sucrose, pH maintained at 5.5 and inoculated with 1.25g inoculum respectively. Similarly, the highest fresh weight 65.00, 75.50 and 50.53g/l were noted in medium fortified with 40g/l sucrose, inoculated 1.25g inoculum and 6.0 pH level respectively. However, the callus developed in medium containing 50g/l sucrose found highly antibacterial potent with 27.3 and 26.5mm inhibition zone against P. vulgaris and B. subtilize respectively. Similarly, the callus grown on medium inoculated with 1.00g inoculum resulted in maximum antibacterial potential against S. aureus and P. vulgaris with 25 and 23.72mm inhibition zones respectively. However, in the case of pH levels the medium maintained at 6.5pH showed maximum antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris, B.subtilis and E.coli with 27.9, 25 and 23.72mm respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Stevia callus and leaves did not show antibacterial potential against Xanthomonas campestris and Clavebactor michiganensis. In the entire experiment the standard antibacterial agent Streptomycin showed the highest inhibition zones from the rest of the callus extract, however the pure DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) caused no inhibitory zone against any bacteria. From these findings it is concluded that among various levels sucrose at the rate of 40g L-1, pH 6.0 and inoculums 0.75g was found best for most of the growth and quality attributes including fresh weight, dry weight and antibacterial activities and therefore can be recommended for callus proliferation and antibacterial potential of Stevia rebaudiana <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steviol%20Glycosides" title="Steviol Glycosides">Steviol Glycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skoog" title=" Skoog"> Skoog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murashige" title=" Murashige"> Murashige</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clavebactor%20michiganensis" title=" Clavebactor michiganensis"> Clavebactor michiganensis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155829/optimization-of-sucrose-concentration-ph-level-and-inoculum-size-for-callus-proliferation-and-anti-bacterial-potential-of-stevia-rebaudiana-bertoni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155829.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">81</span> Optimization of Sucrose Concentration, pH Level and Inoculum Size for Callus Proliferation and Anti-Bacterial Potential of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inayat%20Ur%20Rahman%20Arshad">Inayat Ur Rahman Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Stevia rebaudiana B. is a shrubby perennial herb of Asteraceae family that possesses the unique ability of accumulative non-caloric sweet steviol glycosides (SGs). Purpose: The purpose of the study is to optimize sugar concentration, pH level, and inoculum size for inducing the callus with optimum growth and efficient antibacterial potential. Method: Three different experiments were conducted in which Callus explant from three-months-old already established callus of Stevia reabudiana of four different sizes was inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with five different sucrose concentration and pH adjusted at four different levels. Results: Maximum callus induction 100, 87.5, and 85.33% resulted in the medium supplemented with 30 g/l sucrose, pH maintained at 5.5, and inoculated with 1.25g inoculum, respectively. Similarly, the highest fresh weights 65.00, 75.50, and 50.53 g/l were noted in a medium fortified with 40 g/l sucrose, inoculated 1.25g inoculum, and 6.0 pH level, respectively. However, the callus developed in a medium containing 50 g/l sucrose was found to be highly antibacterial potent with 27.3 and 26.5 mm inhibition zone against P. vulgaris and B. subtilis, respectively. Similarly, the callus grown on a medium inoculated with 1.00 g inoculum resulted in maximum antibacterial potential against S. aureus and P. vulgaris with 25 and 23.72 mm inhibition zone, respectively. However, in the case of pH levels, the medium maintained at 6.5 pH showed maximum antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris, B.subtilis, and E.coli with 27.9, 25, and 23.72 mm, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Stevia callus and leaves did not show antibacterial potential against Xanthomonas campestris and Clavebactor michiganensis. In the entire experiment, the standard antibacterial agent Streptomycin showed the highest inhibition zones among the rest of the callus extract; however, the pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) caused no inhibitory zone against any bacteria. Conclusion: From these findings, it is concluded that among various levels, sucrose @ 40 g L⁻¹, pH 6.0, and inoculums at 0.75 g were found best for most of the growth and quality attributes, including fresh weight, dry weight, and antibacterial activities and therefore can be recommended for callus proliferation and antibacterial potential of Stevia rebaudiana. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stevia%20rebaudiana" title="Stevia rebaudiana">Stevia rebaudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steviol%20Glycosides" title=" Steviol Glycosides"> Steviol Glycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=callus" title=" callus"> callus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xanthomonas%20campestris" title=" Xanthomonas campestris"> Xanthomonas campestris</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155733/optimization-of-sucrose-concentration-ph-level-and-inoculum-size-for-callus-proliferation-and-anti-bacterial-potential-of-stevia-rebaudiana-bertoni" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155733.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> VII Phytochemistry UNIT-IV Glycoside</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magy%20Magdy%20Danial%20Riad">Magy Magdy Danial Riad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Glycosides: Enzymatic and hydrolysis reactions of glycosides, mechanism of action, SAR, therapeutic uses and toxicity of glycosides. Cardiac glycosides of digitalis, bufa and squill. Structure of salicin, hesperidin and rutin. Glycosides are certain molecules in which a sugar part is bound to some other part. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Formally, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group and form glycosidic bonds via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. The purpose: the addition of sugar be bonded to a non-sugar for the molecule to qualify as a glycoside, The sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide). The glycone and aglycone portions can be chemically separated by hydrolysis in the presence of acid. Methods: There are also numerous enzymes that can form and break glycosidic bonds. Results: The most important cleavage enzymes are the glycoside hydrolases, and the most important synthetic enzymes in nature are glycosyltransferases. Mutant enzymes termed glycosynthases have been developed that can form glycosidic bonds. Conclusions: There are a great many ways to chemically synthesize glycosidic bonds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycosides" title="glycosides">glycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bufa" title=" bufa"> bufa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squill" title=" squill"> squill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thioglycosides" title=" thioglycosides"> thioglycosides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184292/vii-phytochemistry-unit-iv-glycoside" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Evaluation of Acetylated Flavonoid Glycosides from Centaurium spicatum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaaty%20A.%20Shahat">Abdelaaty A. Shahat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mansour%20S.%20Alsaid"> Mansour S. Alsaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Four Acetylated ﬂavonol glycosides were isolated from Centaurium spicatum (L.) Fritsch (Gentianaceae). Structure elucidation, especially the localization of the acetyl groups, and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of these biologically active compounds were carried out using one- and two-dimensional NMR methods, including CNMR, DEPT-135 and DEPT-90 and gradient-assisted experiments such as DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HSQC and HMBC experiments. The antioxidant activities of the new acetylated flavonoid glycosides using DPPH• assay were determined. The compounds tested showed a good DPPH• activity compared with control, but their activity was lower than that of their corresponding aglycone, quercetin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Centaurium%20spicatum" title="Centaurium spicatum">Centaurium spicatum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20activity" title=" biological activity"> biological activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycosides" title=" glycosides"> glycosides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20214/isolation-structure-elucidation-and-biological-evaluation-of-acetylated-flavonoid-glycosides-from-centaurium-spicatum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20214.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Biomass Enhancement of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Shoot Culture in Temporary Immersion System (TIS) RITA® Bioreactor Optimized in Two Different Immersion Periods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agustine%20Melviana">Agustine Melviana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizkita%20Esyanti"> Rizkita Esyanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stevia plant contains steviol glycosides which is estimated to be 300 times sweeter than sucrose. However in Indonesia, conventional (in vivo) propagation of Stevia rebaudiana was not effective due to a poor result. Therefore, alternative methods to propagate S. rebaudiana plants is needed, one of it is using in vitro method. Multiplication with a large quantity of stevia biomass in relatively short period can be conducted by using TIS RITA® (Recipient for Automated Temporary Immersion System). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersion period of the medium on growth and the medium bioconversion into the production of shoot biomass. The study was conducted to determine the effect of different intensity period of medium to enhance biomass of stevia shoots. Shoot culture of S. rebaudiana was grown in full strength MS medium supplemented with 1 ppm Kinetin. RITA® bioreactors were set up with two different immersion periods, 15 min (RITA® 15) and 30 min (RITA® 30), scheduled every 6 hours and incubated for 21 days. The result indicated that immersion period affected the biomass and growth rate (µ). Thirty-minutes immersion showed greater percentage of shoot multiplication (93.44 ± 0.83%), percentage of leaf growth (85.24 ± 5.99%), growth rate (0.042 ± 0.001 g/day), and productivity (0.066 g/L medium/day) compared to that immersed in RITA® 15 min (76.90 ± 4.85%; 79.73 ± 7.76; 0.045 ± 0.004 g/day, and 0.045 g/L medium/day respectively). Enhancement of biomass in RITA® 30 reached 1,702 ± 0,114 gr, whereas in RITA® 15 only 0,953 ± 0,093 gr. Additionally, the pattern of sucrose, mineral, and inorganic compounds consumption followed the growth of plant biomass for both systems. In conclusion, the bioconversion efficiency from medium to biomass in RITA® 30 is better than RITA® 15. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensity%20period" title="intensity period">intensity period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoot%20culture" title=" shoot culture"> shoot culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stevia%20rebaudiana" title=" Stevia rebaudiana"> Stevia rebaudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TIS%20RITA%C2%AE" title=" TIS RITA®"> TIS RITA®</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54238/biomass-enhancement-of-stevia-stevia-rebaudiana-bertoni-shoot-culture-in-temporary-immersion-system-tis-rita-bioreactor-optimized-in-two-different-immersion-periods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Chemical Constituents of Silene Arenarioides Desf</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haba%20Hamada">Haba Hamada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lavaud%20Cathrine"> Lavaud Cathrine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benkhaled%20Mohammed"> Benkhaled Mohammed </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Silene genus is the most representative of the caryophyllaceae family for their rich content in secondary metabolites; saponins, flavonoids and flavonoids glycosides, phytoecdysones, oligosaccharides have been isolated and identified. The Silene genus represented by about 700 species in the temrerate region of the word, the main concentration of spcies is Europe, Asia and North Africa. Three known compounds 1-3 were isolated from the aerial parts of Silene arenarioides Desf. by using different chromatographic methods. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined as stigmasterolglycoside, Soyacerebroside, maltol glycoside. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by using the NMR (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) techniques and mass spectroscopy. The antimicrobial and antioxydant activities of the different extracts and compound have been reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caryophyllaceae" title="caryophyllaceae">caryophyllaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids" title=" flavonoids"> flavonoids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saponosids" title=" saponosids"> saponosids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoids%20glycosides" title=" flavonoids glycosides"> flavonoids glycosides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17373/chemical-constituents-of-silene-arenarioides-desf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Simultaneous Extraction and Estimation of Steroidal Glycosides and Aglycone of Solanum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karishma%20Chester">Karishma Chester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarvesh%20Paliwal"> Sarvesh Paliwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayeed%20Ahmad"> Sayeed Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solanumnigrum L. (Family: Solanaceae), is an important Indian medicinal plant and have been used in various traditional formulations for hepato-protection. It has been reported to contain significant amount of steroidal glycosides such as solamargine and solasonine as well as their aglycone part solasodine. Being important pharmacologically active metabolites of several members of Solanaceae these markers have been attempted various times for their extraction and quantification but separately for glycoside and aglycone part because of their opposite polarity. Here, we propose for the first time simultaneous extraction and quantification of aglycone (solasodine)and glycosides (solamargine and solasonine) inleaves and berries of S.nigrumusing solvent extraction followed by HPTLC analysis. Simultaneous extraction was carried out by sonication in mixture of chloroform and methanol as solvent. The quantification was done using silica gel 60F254HPTLC plates as stationary phase and chloroform: methanol: acetone: 0.5 % ammonia (7: 2.5: 1: 0.4 v/v/v/v) as mobile phaseat 400 nm, after derivatization with an isaldehydesul furic acid reagent. The method was validated as per ICH guideline for calibration, linearity, precision, recovery, robustness, specificity, LOD, and LOQ. The statistical data obtained for validation showed that method can be used routinely for quality control of various solanaceous drugs reported for these markers as well as traditional formulations containing those plants as an ingredient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solanumnigrum" title="solanumnigrum">solanumnigrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solasodine" title=" solasodine"> solasodine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solamargine" title=" solamargine"> solamargine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solasonine" title=" solasonine"> solasonine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantification" title=" quantification"> quantification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3489/simultaneous-extraction-and-estimation-of-steroidal-glycosides-and-aglycone-of-solanum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Stereoselective Glycosylation and Functionalization of Unbiased Site of Sweet System via Dual-Catalytic Transition Metal Systems/Wittig Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukul%20R.%20Gupta">Mukul R. Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajkumar%20%20Gandhi"> Rajkumar Gandhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajitha%20%20Sachan"> Rajitha Sachan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naveen%20K.%20Khare"> Naveen K. Khare</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The field of glycoscience has burgeoned in the last several decades, leading to the identification of many glycosides which could serve critical roles in a wide range of biological processes. This has prompted a resurgence in synthetic interest, with a particular focus on new approaches to construct the selective glycosidic bond. Despite the numerous elegant strategies and methods developed for the formation of glycosidic bonds, stereoselective construction of glycosides remains challenging. Here, we have recently developed the novel Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) catalyzed stereoselective glycosylation methods by using KDN imidate glycosyl donor and a variety of alcohols in excellent yield. This method is broadly applicable to a wide range of substrates and with excellent selectivity of glycoside. Also, herein we are reporting the functionalization of the unbiased side of newly formed glycosides by dual-catalytic transition metal systems (Ru- or Fe-). We are using the innovative Reverse & Catalyst strategy, i.e., a reversible activation reaction by one catalyst with a functionalization reaction by another catalyst, together with enabling functionalization of substrates at their inherently unreactive sites. As well, we are targeting the diSia derivative synthesis by Wittig reaction. This synthetic method is applicable in mild conditions, functional group tolerance of the dual-catalytic systems and also highlights the potential of the multicatalytic approach to address challenging transformations to avoid multistep procedures in carbohydrate synthesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KDN" title="KDN">KDN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereoselective%20glycosylation" title=" stereoselective glycosylation"> stereoselective glycosylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-catalytic%20functionalization" title=" dual-catalytic functionalization"> dual-catalytic functionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wittig%20reaction" title=" Wittig reaction"> Wittig reaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136145/stereoselective-glycosylation-and-functionalization-of-unbiased-site-of-sweet-system-via-dual-catalytic-transition-metal-systemswittig-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activities of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius Leaves Extracts against Some Selected Clinical Isolates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Usman%20Balan">Isa Usman Balan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umar%20Aliyu"> Umar Aliyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Tijjani%20Muhammed"> Ahmad Tijjani Muhammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The laboratory scale experiment was conducted to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of epiphytic neem leaves (Tapinanthusdodoneifolius) extracts on some selected clinical isolates. The samples were collected using polythene bags to avoid unnecessary contamination of the plants, and they were collected from the old site garden of the BUK. The phytochemical screening and antibacterial test were carried out in the Chemistry and Biology laboratory, respectively at Bayero University Kano (BUK). The result obtained showed that carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, phenol, saponins and flavonoids are present in the ethanolic extract. However, chloroform extract showed only glycosides, phenols, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the ethanolic extracts and bacterial isolates (p<0.05). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20screening" title="phytochemical screening">phytochemical screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20isolates" title=" clinical isolates"> clinical isolates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epiphytic%20neem%20leaves" title=" epiphytic neem leaves"> epiphytic neem leaves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tapinanthus%20dodoneifolius" title=" Tapinanthus dodoneifolius"> Tapinanthus dodoneifolius</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183330/phytochemical-screening-and-antibacterial-activities-of-tapinanthus-dodoneifolius-leaves-extracts-against-some-selected-clinical-isolates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Nagami Kumkuat: A Source of Antiviral and Antimicrobial Bioactive Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howaida%20I.%20Abd-Alla">Howaida I. Abd-Alla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagwa%20M.%20M.%20Shalaby"> Nagwa M. M. Shalaby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fruit rind of Fortunella margarita (Nagami Kumkuat) was investigated for its chemical constituents. Thirteen metabolites were obtained and classified into, a sterol; β-sitosterol (1) and twelve phenolic compounds, three coumarins; xanthotoxin (2), isopimpinellin (3), umbelliferone (4), nine flavonoids of O-glycosides of flavone; apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin-7-O-rhamnoglucoside (rhoifolin) (6), C-glycosides; vitexin (7), vicenin II (8), and the methoxylated; 6-methoxyapigenin-7-methyl ether (9) and tangeretin (10) as well as flavanones class; naringenin (11), liquiritigenin (12), hesperdin (hesperetin-7-rhamnoglucoside) (13). All compounds were identified for the first time in F. margarita except compound (8). The major glycosides 5, 6, and 13 and total crude extract showed potential antiviral activity against live Newcastle disease virus vaccine strains (Komarov and LaSota) and live infectious bursitis viruses vaccine strain D78 replication in VERO cell cultures and on specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs. Antiviral inhibitory concentration fifty (IC50), cytotoxic concentration fifty (CC50), and therapeutic index (TI) were calculated. In addition, the extract and compounds 7 and 13 showed marked antimicrobial activity against different strains of fungi, Gram-positive and negative bacteria, including some foodborne pathogens of animal origin, caused human disease. These results suggested that the extract of F. margarita may be considered potentially useful as a source of natural antiviral and antimicrobial agents. It can be used as an ingredient for functional food and/or pharmaceuticals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral" title=" antiviral"> antiviral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fortunella%20margarita" title=" Fortunella margarita"> Fortunella margarita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagami%20Kumkuat" title=" Nagami Kumkuat"> Nagami Kumkuat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic%20secondary%20metabolites" title=" phenolic secondary metabolites"> phenolic secondary metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140746/nagami-kumkuat-a-source-of-antiviral-and-antimicrobial-bioactive-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Wild Herb Urginea wightii</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Hemalata">S. K. Hemalata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Shiva%20Kameshwari"> M. N. Shiva Kameshwari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work focusses on anti-inflammatory action of Urginea wightii in-vitro. Urginea wightii is a member of Hyacinthaceae and considered to be wonder plant because of its varied important medicinal properties. The plant is endemic to India, Africa, and Mediterranian regions. Presence of alkaloids, flavonoid-glycosides especially flavonone derivatives are responsible for the strong anti-inflammatory activity of Urginea wightii. In present research work, anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of the bulb powder was tested on Male Wistar Rats. In these test animals, inflammation was induced by injecting carrageenan as the irritant to induce paw edema in Wistar rats. Inflammation of Paw edema was treated with both plant extract and Pyrox gel a known synthetic anti-inflammatory drug through external application. The result indicated that anti-inflammatory activity of Urginea wightii extract was almost similar to the synthetic Pyrox gel. This disproves the modern world's scepticism towards the herbal medicines and encourages to rely on natural plant extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-inflammatory%20activity" title="anti-inflammatory activity">anti-inflammatory activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavonoid-glycosides" title=" flavonoid-glycosides"> flavonoid-glycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyrox%20gel" title=" Pyrox gel"> Pyrox gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urginia%20wightii" title=" Urginia wightii"> Urginia wightii</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76175/evaluation-of-anti-inflammatory-activities-in-wild-herb-urginea-wightii" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Preliminary Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Methanol and Petroleum Ether Extracts of Selected Vegetables of Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mohammad%20Abdul%20Motalib%20Momin">A. Mohammad Abdul Motalib Momin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sheikh%20Mohammad%20Adil%20Uddin"> B. Sheikh Mohammad Adil Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Md%20Mamunur%20Rashid"> C. Md Mamunur Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Sheikh%20Arman%20Mahbub"> D. Sheikh Arman Mahbub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Mohammad%20Sazzad%20Rahman"> E. Mohammad Sazzad Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Abdullah%20Faruque"> F. Abdullah Faruque</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxicity potential of methanol and pet ether extracts of the Lagenaria siceraria (LM, LP), Cucumis sativus (CSM, CSP), Cucurbita maxima (CMM, CMP) plants. For the phytochemical screening, crude extract was tested for the presence of different chemical groups. In Lagenaria siceraria the following groups were identified: alkaloids, steroids, glycosides and saponins for methanol extract and alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, tannins and saponins are for pet ether extract. Glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins are present in the methanol extract of Cucumis sativus; the pet ether extract has the alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins are present in both the methanolic and pet ether extract of Cucurbita maxima. In vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts were performed using DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity assays. The most prominent antioxidant activity was observed with the CSM in the DPPH free radical scavenging test with an IC50 value of 1667.23±11.00271 μg/ml as opposed to that of standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value of 15.707± 1.181 μg/ml.) In total antioxidant capacity method, CMP showed the highest activity (427.81±11.4 mg ascorbic acid/g). The total phenolic and flavonoids content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The highest total phenols and total flavonoids content were found in CMM and LP with the value of 79.06±16.06 mg gallic acid/g & 119.0±1.41 mg quercetin/g, respectively. In nitric oxide (NO) scavenging the most prominent antioxidant activity was observed in CMM with an IC50 value of 8.119± 0.0036 μg/ml. The Cupric reducing capacity of the extracts was strong and dose dependent manner and CSM showed lowest reducing capacity. The cytotoxicity was determined by Brine shrimp lethality test and among these extracts most potent cytotoxicity was shown by CMM with LC50 value 16.98 µg/ml. The obtained results indicate that the investigated plants could be potential sources of natural antioxidants and can be used for various types of diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxicity" title=" cytotoxicity"> cytotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methanol" title=" methanol"> methanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum%20ether" title=" petroleum ether"> petroleum ether</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7709/preliminary-phytopharmacological-evaluation-of-methanol-and-petroleum-ether-extracts-of-selected-vegetables-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> HPTLC Fingerprinting of steroidal glycoside of leaves and berries of Solanum nigrum L. (Inab-us-salab/makoh)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karishma%20Chester">Karishma Chester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarvesh%20K.%20Paliwal"> Sarvesh K. Paliwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayeed%20Ahmad"> Sayeed Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inab-us-salab also known as Solanum nigrum L. (Family: Solanaceae), is an important Indian medicinal plant and have been used in various unani traditional formulations for hepato-protection. It has been reported to contain significant amount of steroidal glycosides such as solamargine and solasonine as well as their aglycone part solasodine. Being important pharmacologically active metabolites of several members of solanaceae, these markers have been attempted various times for their extraction and quantification but separately for glycoside and aglycone part because of their opposite polarity. Here, we propose for the first time its fractionation and fingerprinting of aglycone (solasodine) and glycosides (solamargine and solasonine) in leaves and berries of S. nigrum using solvent extraction and fractionation followed by HPTLC analysis. The fingerprinting was done using silica gel 60F254 HPTLC plates as stationary phase and chloroform: methanol: acetone: 0.5% ammonia (7: 2.5: 1: 0.4 v/v/v/v) as mobile phase at 400 nm, after derivatization with antimony tri chloride reagent for identification of steroidal glycoside. The statistical data obtained can further be validated and can be used routinely for quality control of various solanaceous drugs reported for these markers as well as traditional formulations containing those plants as an ingredient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solanum%20nigrum" title="solanum nigrum">solanum nigrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solasodine" title=" solasodine"> solasodine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solamargine" title=" solamargine"> solamargine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solasonine" title=" solasonine"> solasonine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantification" title=" quantification"> quantification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33780/hptlc-fingerprinting-of-steroidal-glycoside-of-leaves-and-berries-of-solanum-nigrum-l-inab-us-salabmakoh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Implementation of Metabolomics in Conjunction with Chemometrics for the Dentification of the Differential Chemical Markers of Different Grades of Sri Lankan White, Green and Black Tea: Camellia Sinenesis L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dina%20A.%20Selim">Dina A. Selim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Shawky"> Eman Shawky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rasha%20M.%20Abu%20El-Khair"> Rasha M. Abu El-Khair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the current study, UPLC-MS/MS combined to chemometrics were applied on seven Sri Lankan tea grades; Orange Pekoe, Flowery Pekoe, Broken Orange Pekoe Fannings, Broken Orange Pekoe black tea, green tea, silver tips and golden tips white tea grades for their comprehensive metabolic profiling. Certain metabolites, namely, Theasensinin C and E, theaflavin and theacitrin appeared to be the main chemical markers of black tea type, catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, methyl epigallocatechin were the main discriminatory markers of green tea type, while theanine, oolongotheanine and quercetin glycosides were the main chemical markers of white tea type. Theogalloflavin, epigallocatechin and flavonoid glycosides were the main down-accumulated metabolites while theaflavin gallate, and N-ethyl pyrrolidinone epicatechin were the chief up- accumulated metabolites between whole and broken black tea leave grades while puerin A and C and gallic acid was the main down- accumulated metabolites and N-ethyl pyrrolidinone epicatechin gallate was the main up-accumulated one between broken and fanning black tea grades. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tea%20grading" title="tea grading">tea grading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lankan%20tea" title=" Sri Lankan tea"> Sri Lankan tea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemometrics" title=" chemometrics"> chemometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metabolomics" title=" metabolomics"> metabolomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20markers" title=" chemical markers"> chemical markers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147524/implementation-of-metabolomics-in-conjunction-with-chemometrics-for-the-dentification-of-the-differential-chemical-markers-of-different-grades-of-sri-lankan-white-green-and-black-tea-camellia-sinenesis-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Leaves, Stem-Bark, Root, Fruits, and Seeds and Ethanolic Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Sani">I. Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bello"> F. Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isah%20M.%20Fakai"> Isah M. Fakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdulhamid"> A. Abdulhamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemicals are active secondary plant metabolites responsible for most of the claimed medicinal activities of plants. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is one of those plants that possess these phytochemicals and claimed to possess medicinal activities on various ailments. The phytochemicals constituents of various parts of this plant were investigated using standard methods of phytochemicals screening in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Qualitative screening revealed that tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids, and anthraquinones were present in aqueous extract of all the parts of the plant, whereas alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were absent. On the other hand, tannins and steroids were present in the ethanolic extract of all the parts of the plant, while saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were present only in some parts of the plant. However, glycosides and anthraquinone were absent in all the ethanolic extracts. The quantitative screening revealed large amount of saponins in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts across the various parts of the plant. Whereas small amount of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were found only in the ethanolic extract of some parts of the plant. The presence of these phytochemicals in Eucalyptus camaldulensis could therefore justify the applications of the plant in management and curing of various ailments as claimed traditionally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eucalyptus%20camaldulensis" title="Eucalyptus camaldulensis">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20screening" title=" phytochemical screening"> phytochemical screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanolic%20extract" title=" ethanolic extract"> ethanolic extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15769/preliminary-phytochemical-screening-of-eucalyptus-camaldulensis-leaves-stem-bark-root-fruits-and-seeds-and-ethanolic-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Eucalyptus camaldulensis: Phytochemical Composition of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of the Leaves, Stem-Bark, Root, Fruits, and Seeds </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Sani">I. Sani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdulhamid"> A. Abdulhamid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Bello"> F. Bello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isah%20M.%20Fakai"> Isah M. Fakai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemicals are active secondary plant metabolites responsible for most of the claimed medicinal activities of plants. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is one of those plants that possess these phytochemicals and claimed to possess medicinal activities on various ailments. The phytochemicals constituents of various parts of this plant were investigated using standard methods of phytochemicals screening in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Qualitative screening revealed that tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids and anthraquinones were present in aqueous extract of all the parts of the plant, whereas alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were absent. On the other hand, tannins and steroids were present in the ethanolic extract of all the parts of the plant, while saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids were present only in some parts of the plant. However, glycosides and anthraquinone were absent in all the ethanolic extracts. The quantitative screening revealed large amount of saponins in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts across the various parts of the plant. Whereas small amount of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids were found only in the ethanolic extract of some parts of the plant. The presence of these phytochemicals in Eucalyptus camaldulensis could therefore justify the applications of the plant in management and curing of various ailments as claimed traditionally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eucalyptus%20camaldulensis" title="Eucalyptus camaldulensis">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20Screening" title=" phytochemical Screening"> phytochemical Screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanolic%20extract" title=" ethanolic extract"> ethanolic extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17776/eucalyptus-camaldulensis-phytochemical-composition-of-ethanolic-and-aqueous-extracts-of-the-leaves-stem-bark-root-fruits-and-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> Isoflavonoid Dynamic Variation in Red Clover Genotypes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9s%20Quiroz">Andrés Quiroz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilio%20Hormaz%C3%A1bal"> Emilio Hormazábal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Mutis"> Ana Mutis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernando%20Ortega"> Fernando Ortega</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Loreto%20M%C3%A9ndez"> Loreto Méndez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20Parra"> Leonardo Parra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Red clover root borer, Hylastinus obscurus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the main insect pest associated to red clover, Trifolium pratense L. An average of 1.5 H. obscurus per plant can cause 5.5% reduction in forage yield in pastures of two to three years old. Moreover, insect attack can reach 70% to 100% of the plants. To our knowledge, there is no a chemical strategy for controlling this pest. Therefore alternative strategies for controlling H. obscurus are a high priority for red clover producers. One of this alternative is related to the study of secondary metabolites involved in intrinsic chemical defenses developed by plants, such as isoflavonoids. The isoflavonoids formononetin and daidzein have elicited an antifeedant and phagostimult effect on H. obscurus respectively. However, we do not know how is the dynamic variation of these isoflavonoids under field conditions. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the variation of the antifeedant isoflavonoids formononetin, the phagostimulant isoflavonoids daidzein, and their respective glycosides over time in different ecotypes of red clover. Fourteen red clover ecotypes (8 cultivars and 6 experimental lines), were collected at INIA-Carillanca (La Araucanía, Chile). These plants were established in October 2015 under irrigated conditions. The cultivars were distributed in a randomized complete block with three replicates. The whole plants were sampled in four times: 15th October 2016, 12th December 2016, 27th January 2017 and 16th March 2017 with sufficient amount of soil to avoid root damage. A polar fraction of isoflavonoid was obtained from 20 mg of lyophilized root tissue extracted with 2 mL of 80% MeOH for 16 h using an orbital shaker in the dark at room temperature. After, an aliquot of 1.4 mL of the supernatant was evaporated, and the residue was resuspended in 300 µL of 45% MeOH. The identification and quantification of isoflavonoid root extracts were performed by the injection of 20 µL into a Shimadzu HPLC equipped with a C-18 column. The sample was eluted with a mobile phase composed of AcOH: H₂O (1:9 v/v) as solvent A and CH₃CN as solvent B. The detection was performed at 260 nm. The results showed that the amount of aglycones was higher than the respective glycosides. This result is according to the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids, where the formation of glycoside is further to the glycosides biosynthesis. The amount of formononetin was higher than daidzein. In roots, where H. obscurus spent the most part of its live cycle, the highest content of formononetin was found in G 27, Pawera, Sabtoron High, Redqueli-INIA and Superqueli-INIA cvs. (2.1, 1.8, 1.8, 1.6 and 1.0 mg g⁻¹ respectively); and the lowest amount of daidzein were found Superqueli-INIA (0.32 mg g⁻¹) and in the experimental line Sel Syn Int4 (0.24 mg g⁻¹). This ecotype showed a high content of formononetin (0.9 mg g⁻¹). This information, associated with cultural practices, could help farmers and breeders to reduce H. obscurus in grassland, selecting ecotypes with high content of formononetin and low amount of daidzein in the roots of red clover plants. Acknowledgements: FONDECYT 1141245 and 11130715. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daidzein" title="daidzein">daidzein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formononetin" title=" formononetin"> formononetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isoflavonoid%20glycosides" title=" isoflavonoid glycosides"> isoflavonoid glycosides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trifolium%20pratense" title=" trifolium pratense"> trifolium pratense</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76357/isoflavonoid-dynamic-variation-in-red-clover-genotypes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76357.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">217</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Effect of Salinity and Heavy Metal Toxicity on Gene Expression, and Morphological Characteristics in Stevia rebaudiana Plants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umara%20Nissar%20Rafiqi">Umara Nissar Rafiqi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irum%20Gul"> Irum Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazima%20Nasrullah"> Nazima Nasrullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monica%20Saifi"> Monica Saifi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Z.%20Abdin"> Malik Z. Abdin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Stevia rebaudiana, a member of Asteraceae family is an important medicinal plant and produces a commercially used non-caloric natural sweetener, which is also an alternate herbal cure for diabetes. Steviol glycosides are the main sweetening compounds present in these plants. Secondary metabolites are crucial to the adaption of plants to the environment and its overcoming stress conditions. In agricultural procedures, the abiotic stresses like salinity, high metal toxicity and drought, in particular, are responsible for the majority of the reduction that differentiates yield potential from harvestable yield. Salt stress and heavy metal toxicity lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To avoid oxidative damage due to ROS and osmotic stress, plants have a system of anti-oxidant enzymes along with several stress induced enzymes. This helps in scavenging the ROS and relieve the osmotic stress in different cell compartments. However, whether stress induced toxicity modulates the activity of these enzymes in Stevia rebaudiana is poorly understood. Aim: The present study focussed on the effect of salinity, heavy metal toxicity (lead and mercury) on physiological traits and transcriptional profiling of Stevia rebaudiana. Method: Stevia rebaudiana plants were collected from the Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic plants (CIMAP), Patnagar, India and maintained under controlled conditions in a greenhouse at Hamdard University, Delhi, India. The plants were subjected to different concentrations of salt (0, 25, 50 and 75 mM respectively) and heavy metals, lead and mercury (0, 100, 200 and 300 µM respectively). The physiological traits such as shoot length, root numbers, leaf growth were evaluated. The samples were collected at different developmental stages and analysed for transcription profiling by RT-PCR. Transcriptional studies in stevia rebaudiana involves important antioxidant enzymes: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) and stress induced aquaporin (AQU), auxin repressed protein (ARP-1), Ndhc gene. The data was analysed using GraphPad Prism and expressed as mean ± SD. Result: Low salinity and lower metal toxicity did not affect the fresh weight of the plant. However, this was substantially decreased by 55% at high salinity and heavy metal treatment. With increasing salinity and heavy metal toxicity, the values of all studied physiological traits were significantly decreased. Chlorosis in treated plants was also observed which could be due to changes in Fe:Zn ratio. At low concentrations (upto 25 mM) of NaCl and heavy metals, we did not observe any significant difference in the gene expressions of treated plants compared to control plants. Interestingly, at high salt concentration and high metal toxicity, a significant increase in the expression profile of stress induced genes was observed in treated plants compared to control (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Stevia rebaudiana is tolerant to lower salt and heavy metal concentration. This study also suggests that with the increase in concentrations of salt and heavy metals, harvest yield of S. rebaudiana was hampered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stevia%20rebaudiana" title="Stevia rebaudiana">Stevia rebaudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20sweetener" title=" natural sweetener"> natural sweetener</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20toxicity" title=" heavy metal toxicity"> heavy metal toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95497/effect-of-salinity-and-heavy-metal-toxicity-on-gene-expression-and-morphological-characteristics-in-stevia-rebaudiana-plants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Nutritional Characteristics, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Potential of Leaf Protein Concentrates from Huckleberry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sodamade%20Abiodun">Sodamade Abiodun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeboye%20Olubunmi%20Omolara"> Adeboye Olubunmi Omolara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problems associated with protein malnutrition are still prevalent in third-world countries, leading to the constant search for plants that can serve as nutrients and medicinal purposes. Huckleberry is one of the plants that has been proven useful locally in the treatment of numerous ailments and diseases. A fresh sample of Huckleberry was collected from a vegetable garden situated near the Erelu dam of the Emmanuel Alayande College of Education campus, Oyo. The sample was authenticated at the forestry research institute of Nigeria (FRIN) Ibadan. The leaves of the plant were plucked and processed for leaf protein concentrates before proximate composition; mineral analysis phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of the leaf protein concentrates were determined using a standard method of analysis. The results of proximate constituents showed; moisture content; 9.89±0.051g/100g, Ash; 3.23±0.12g/100g, crude fat; 3.96±0.11g/100g and 61.27±0.56g/100g of Nitrogen free extractive results of the mineral analysis showed that the sample contains Mg; 0.081±0.00mg/100g, Ca; 42.30±0.05mg/100g, Na; 27.57±0.09mg/100g, K; 6.81±0.01mg/100g, P; 8.90±0.03mg/100g Fe; 0.51±0.00mg/100g, Zn; 0.021±0.00mg/100g, Cd; 0.04±0.04mg/100g, Pb; 0.002±0.00mg/100g, Cr; 0.041±0.00mg/100g while cadmium was not detected in the sample. The result of phytochemical analysis of leaf protein concentrates of the Huckleberry showed the presence of Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid, Tanin, Coumarin, steroid, Terpenoid, cordial glycosides, Glycosides, Quinones, Anthocyanin, phytosterols, and phenols. Ethanolic extracts of the Huckleberry leaf protein concentrates showed that it contains bioactive compounds that are capable of eradicating some tested microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebisidlae pneumonia and Proteus merabilis. The results of the analysis of leaf protein concentrates of Huckleberry showed that the sample contains high nutrient and mineral constituents and phytochemical compounds that could make the sample useful for medicinal activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=huckleberry" title="huckleberry">huckleberry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mentha%20piperita" title=" mentha piperita"> mentha piperita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical" title=" phytochemical"> phytochemical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20protein%20concentrates" title=" leaf protein concentrates"> leaf protein concentrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20characteristics" title=" nutritional characteristics"> nutritional characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166083/nutritional-characteristics-phytochemical-and-antimicrobial-potential-of-leaf-protein-concentrates-from-huckleberry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Phytochemical and in vitro Antimicrobial Screening of Extract of Sunflower Chrysanthlum indicum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Ibrahim">I. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mann"> A. Mann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical screening of crude Chrysanthlum Indicum revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkanoids, steroidal nucleus and cardiac glycosides. The extract was evaluated against some pathogenic organisms by agar dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) of the active extract of Chrysanthlum Indicum shows that its extract could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title="extract">extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chrysanthlum%20indicum" title=" Chrysanthlum indicum "> Chrysanthlum indicum </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15042/phytochemical-and-in-vitro-antimicrobial-screening-of-extract-of-sunflower-chrysanthlum-indicum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">570</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Nutritional Characteristics, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties Vaccinium Pavifolium (Ericacea) Leaf Protein Concentrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sodamade%20A.">Sodamade A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bolaji%20K.%20A."> Bolaji K. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problems associated with protein malnutrition are still prevalent in third-world countries, leading to the constant search for plants that could serve as nutrients and medicinal purposes. Huckleberry is one of the plants that has been proven useful locally in the treatment of numerous ailments and diseases. A fresh sample of the plant (Vaccinium pavifolium) was collected from a vegetable garden situated near the Erelu dam of the Emmanuel Alayande College of Education Campus, Oyo. The sample was authenticated at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) Ibadan. The leaves of the plant were plucked and processed for leaf protein concentrates before proximate composition, mineral analysis phytochemical and antimicrobial properties were determined using a standard method of analysis. The results of proximate constituents showed; moisture content; 9.89±0.051g/100g, Ash; 3.23±0.12g/100g, crude fat; 3.96±0.11g/100g and 61.27±0.56g/100g of Nitrogen free extractive. The mineral analysis of the sample showed; Mg; 0.081±0.00mg/100g, Ca; 42.30±0.05mg/100g, Na; 27.57±0.09mg/100g, K; 6.81±0.01mg/100g, P; 8.90±0.03mg/100g, Fe; 0.51±0.00mg/100g, Zn; 0.021±0.00mg/100g, Cd; 0.04±0.04mg/100g, Pb; 0.002±0.00mg/100g, Cr; 0.041±0.00mg/100g Cadmium and Mercury were not detected in the sample. The result of phytochemical analysis of leaf protein concentrates of the Huckleberry showed the presence of Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid, Tanin, Coumarin, Steroids, Terpenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Glycosides, Quinones, Anthocyanin, phytosterols, and phenols. Ethanolic extracts of the Vaccinium parvifolium L. leaf protein concentrates showed that it contains bioactive compounds that are capable of combating the following microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebisialae pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis. The results of the analysis of Vaccinium parvifolium L. leaf protein concentrates showed that the sample contains valuable nutrient and mineral constituents, and phytochemical compounds that could make the sample useful for medicinal activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20protein%20concentrates" title="leaf protein concentrates">leaf protein concentrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccinium%20parvifolium" title=" vaccinium parvifolium"> vaccinium parvifolium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutritional%20characteristics" title=" nutritional characteristics"> nutritional characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20composition" title=" mineral composition"> mineral composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity"> antimicrobial activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171102/nutritional-characteristics-phytochemical-and-antimicrobial-properties-vaccinium-pavifolium-ericacea-leaf-protein-concentrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Phenolic Rich Dry Extracts and Their Antioxidant Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Raudonis">R. Raudonis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Raudon%C4%97"> L. Raudonė</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Janulis"> V. Janulis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vi%C5%A1kelis"> P. Viškelis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pharmacological and clinical studies demonstrated that phenolic compounds particularly flavonoids and phenolic acids are responsible for a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are regarded as natural antioxidants that play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. Qualitatively prepared dry extracts possess high stability and concentration of bio active compounds, facility of standardization and quality control. The aim of this work was to determine the phenolic and antioxidant profiles of Hippophaë rhamnoides L., Betula pendula Roth., Tilia cordata Mill., Sorbus aucuparia L. leaves dry extracts and to identify markers of antioxidant activity. Extracts were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with FRAP post-column assay. Dry extracts are versatile forms possessing wide area of applications, final product ensure consistent phytochemical and functional properties. Seven ﬂavonoids: rutin, hyperoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin were identiﬁed in dry extract of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. leaves. Predominant compounds were ﬂavonol glycosides which were chosen as markers for quantitative control of dry extracts. Chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, isorhamnetin were prevailing compounds in Betula pendula Roth. leaves extract, whereas strongest ferric reducing activity was determined for chlorogenic acid and hyperoside. Notable amounts of protocatechuic acid and flavonol glycosides, rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin were identified in the chromatographic profile of Tilia cordata Mill. Neochlorogenic and chlorogenic acids were significantly dominant compounds in antioxidant profile in dry extract of Sorbus aucuparia L. leaves. Predominant compounds of antioxidant profiles could be proposed as functional markers of quality of phenolic rich raw materials. Dry extracts could be further used for manufacturing of pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20extract" title="dry extract">dry extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRAP" title=" FRAP"> FRAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activity" title=" antioxidant activity"> antioxidant activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenolic" title=" phenolic"> phenolic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15510/phenolic-rich-dry-extracts-and-their-antioxidant-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15510.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">507</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Extraction, Isolation and Comparative Phtochemical Study of Aegle Marmelos, Calendula Officinalis and Fenugreek</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitin%20Rajan">Nitin Rajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kashif%20Shakeel"> Kashif Shakeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Tiwari"> Shashank Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shachan%20Sagar"> Shachan Sagar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: - Aegle Marmelos (Bael) leaf extract is taken twice daily to treat ophthalmia, ulcers, and intestinal worms, among other ailments. Poultice made from bael leaf is used in the treatment of eye conditions. The leaf juice has a variety of therapeutic applications, with the most notable being the treatment of diabetes. Fenugreek is used to cure red spots around the eyes, as well as to soften the throat and chest and to give relief from coughing. The use of this plant in the form of infusion, powder, pomade, and decoction has been extremely popular in Iranian traditional medicine. The plant may be used to wash one's vaginal linings. This plant is used as an emollient in the lack of appetite, treatment of pellagra, and gastrointestinal problems, as well as a general tonic. Calendula officinalis leaves are used to treat varicose veins on the outside of the body by infusing them. In Europe, the leaves are diaphoretic and resolvent in nature, while the blooms are employed as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic stimulant in Canada and the United States. The flowers were decocted and served as a posset drink when smallpox and measles were common in England, and the fresh juice was used to treat jaundice. Objective: - This study is done to compare the physicochemical parameter of the alcoholic extract of the leaves of Aegle Marmelos, Calendula Officinalis, and Fenugreek. Materials and Methods: Extraction and Isolation of Aegle Marmelos, Calendula Officinalis, Fenugreek, were done. Preliminary phytochemical study for alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, resins, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids of the extract was done individual by using the standard procedure. Result: - The phytochemical screening of Aegle Marmelos, Calendula Officinalis, and Fenugreek shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannins, saponins gum. Conclusion: - In this study, we have found that crude aqueous and organic solvent extracts of Aegle Marmelos, Calendula Officinalis, and Fenugreek leaves contain some important bioactive compounds and it justifies their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aegle%20Marmelos" title="Aegle Marmelos">Aegle Marmelos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Calendula%20Officinalis" title=" Calendula Officinalis"> Calendula Officinalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fenugreek" title=" Fenugreek"> Fenugreek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiochemical%20parameter" title=" physiochemical parameter"> physiochemical parameter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143218/extraction-isolation-and-comparative-phtochemical-study-of-aegle-marmelos-calendula-officinalis-and-fenugreek" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143218.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia papyrifera (DEL) in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdulmumin">Y. Abdulmumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Matazu"> K. I. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Wudil"> A. M. Wudil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Alhassan"> A. J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Imam"> A. A. Imam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical analysis of Boswellia papryfera confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in its aqueous stem bark extract at different concentration, with tannins being the highest (0.611 ± 0.002 g %). Acute toxicity test (LD50, oral, rat) of the extract showed no mortality at up to 5000 mg/kg and the animals were found active and healthy. The extract was declared as practically non-toxic, this suggest the safety of the extract in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20papryfera" title=" boswellia papryfera"> boswellia papryfera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals%20and%20stem%20bark" title=" phytochemicals and stem bark"> phytochemicals and stem bark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34095/phytochemical-screening-and-toxicological-studies-of-aqueous-stem-bark-extract-of-boswellia-papyrifera-del-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">456</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Phytochemical Screening and Toxicological Studies of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Boswellia papyrifera (DEL) in Albino Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Abdulmumin">Y. Abdulmumin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20I.%20Matazu"> K. I. Matazu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Wudil"> A. M. Wudil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20J.%20Alhassan"> A. J. Alhassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Imam"> A. A. Imam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phytochemical analysis of Boswellia papryfera confirms the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides in its aqueous stem bark extract at different concentration, with tannins being the highest (0.611 ± 0.002 g %). Acute toxicity test (LD50,oral, rat) of the extract showed no mortality at up to 5000 mg/kg and the animals were found active and healthy. The extract was declared as practically non-toxic, this suggest the safety of the extract in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20extract" title=" aqueous extract"> aqueous extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boswellia%20papryfera" title=" boswellia papryfera"> boswellia papryfera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20bark%20extract" title=" stem bark extract"> stem bark extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34096/phytochemical-screening-and-toxicological-studies-of-aqueous-stem-bark-extract-of-boswellia-papyrifera-del-in-albino-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Phytochemical Screening of Roots of Peltophorum pterocarpum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidyadhar%20Suram">Vidyadhar Suram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chamundeeswari"> D. Chamundeeswari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umamaheswara%20Rao"> Umamaheswara Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishna%20Mohan%20Chinnala"> Krishna Mohan Chinnala </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peltophorum pterocarpum known as copper pod belongs to the family Fabaceae, native to tropical south-eastern asia and a popularly ornamental tree grown around the world. In traditional medicine it is used as an astringent to cure or relieve intestinal disorders after pain at childbirth, sprains, bruises and swelling or as a lotion for eye troubles, muscular pains and sores. It is also used for gargles and tooth powders. Medcinally; it has proven to possess various pharmacological activities. The powdered root part of Peltophorum pterocarpum (250gr) were extracted exhaustively using different solvents and phytochemical investigations has shown the presence of various secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, proteins, glycosides, steriods, and volatile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterialactivity" title="antibacterialactivity">antibacterialactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabaceae" title=" fabaceae"> fabaceae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peltophorum%20pterocarpum" title=" peltophorum pterocarpum"> peltophorum pterocarpum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isocoumari" title=" isocoumari"> isocoumari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkaloids" title=" alkaloids"> alkaloids</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13914/phytochemical-screening-of-roots-of-peltophorum-pterocarpum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Phytochimical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Solenostemma Argel (Asclepiadaceae)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Acheuk">Fatma Acheuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akila%20Hamichi"> Akila Hamichi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siham%20Semmar"> Siham Semmar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crude ethanolic extract from Solenostemma argel was obtained by maceration of leaves and stems of the plant. Phytochimical study revealed the richness of the species on flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and glycosides. Antimicrobial activity of the growth of clinical isolates of Eschirichia coli, Pseudomonas aeriginosa, Staphylococus aureus and Bacillus Subtilis was carried out using agar disc diffusion. The results of the study revealed that the test compound has antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria which are resistant to commonly antimicrobial agents used. However, no effect was observed on other species tested. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Solenostemma%20argel" title="Solenostemma argel">Solenostemma argel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crude%20extract" title=" crude extract"> crude extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20screening" title=" phytochemical screening"> phytochemical screening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title=" antimicrobial activity "> antimicrobial activity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37158/phytochimical-screening-and-antimicrobial-activity-of-ethanolic-extract-of-solenostemma-argel-asclepiadaceae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37158.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Phytochemical Screening, Anti-Microbial and Mineral Determination of Stachtarpheta indica Extract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Isah%20Lakan">Ibrahim Isah Lakan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasiru%20Ibrahim"> Nasiru Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These Phytochemical screening, Antimicrobial activities and mineral Determination of aqueous extract of Stachtarpheta indica were assessed. The result reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and anthraquinones. The disc diffusion of aqueous extract showed Escherichia coli, 13 and antibiotic, 19 mm; Bacillus subtilis, 10 and anti –biotic, 17 mm; Klebsiller pnemuoniae , 14 and antibiotic, 24mm and Pseudmonas aeruginosa, 24 and antibiotic, 36 mm which are all comparable with the standard antibiotic cyprotomycin. The mineral content determination by flame photometer revealed that 1.25 (Na+), 0.85 (K +), 1.75 (Ca 2+) % which is a clear indication of the safety of the extract for the hypertensive patients and could be used to lower blood pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbials" title="microbials">microbials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stachtarpheta%20indica%20extracts" title=" stachtarpheta indica extracts"> stachtarpheta indica extracts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45759/phytochemical-screening-anti-microbial-and-mineral-determination-of-stachtarpheta-indica-extract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">563</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steviol%20Glycosides&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steviol%20Glycosides&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steviol%20Glycosides&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> 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