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Ja ne cit膩di, tad ierosina k膩du domu las墨t膩ja galv膩 - un tas patiesi nav maz.<br/> <br/> Pied膩v膩jumus, rakstus un idejas s奴tiet <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript"> \n </script><script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">  </script>艩墨 e-pasta adrese ir aizsarg膩ta pret spamu, Jums ir j膩b奴t aktiviz膿tam Javascript, lai to apl奴kotu <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">  </script><br/> </div> <br/> <i></i> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="top_menu">  <div id="menucenter"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td class="menu_m"> <div id="topnavi"> <ul> <li><a href="index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1"><span>S膩kums</span></a></li><li><a href="index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=2"><span>Bibliot膿ka</span></a></li><li><a href="index.php?option=com_content&task=blogsection&id=3&Itemid=4"><span>Raksti par v膿sturi</span></a></li><li><a href="index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=20&Itemid=18"><span>Kara 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return false;" title="E-pasts"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615013102im_/http://vesture.sauc.lv/templates/siteground99/images/emailButton.png" alt="E-pasts" name="E-pasts" align="middle" border="0"/></a> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="contentpaneopen"> <tr> <td valign="top" colspan="2"> <div align="right"> <i><b>&Scaron;eldons H. Harriss* <br/> </b></i> </div> <div align="justify"> <br/> <img src="/web/20110615013102im_/http://vesture.sauc.lv/images/stories/shiro-ishii.jpg" alt="shiro-ishii.jpg" title="shiro-ishii.jpg" style="margin: 5px; float: left" height="262" width="184"/>Ne jau tikai nacisti bija izveidoju&scaron;i n膩ves nometnes laik膩 pirms 2. Pasaules kara. Ar墨 Jap膩nai bija savas koncentr膩cijas nometnes. Ta膷u to funkcijas bija nevis izn墨cin膩t 募audis, bet gan izmantot krimin膩lnoziedzniekus un karag奴stek艈us k膩 objektus biolo模iskiem un - maz膩k膩 m膿r膩, - 姆墨miskiem  milit膩rajiem eksperimentiem. <br/> Jap膩nas sabiedr墨b膩  l墨dz pat kara beig膩m domin膿jo&scaron;ais milit膩rpersonu lab膿jais, fan膩tiskais sp膩rns uzskat墨ja, ka lai sasniegtu to m膿r姆i - Jap膩nas kundz墨bu Austrum膩zij膩, - j膩izmanto ar墨 t膩dus eksotiskus bru艈ojuma veidus k膩姆墨miskie un biolo模iskie iero膷i. Mums tas jau pats par sevi &scaron;姆iet &scaron;ausm墨gi. Ta膷u &scaron;膩du iero膷u izveides programmas iniciatori netic膿ja, ka tos var t膩pat vien rad墨t laboratorij膩s un izmantot pret ienaidnieku kaujas lauk膩. Pirms tam tos v膿l j膩izm膿模ina uz cilv膿kiem.<br/> T膩 rad膩s gigantisks n膩ves fabriku t墨kls, kur&scaron; 2. Pasaules kara s膩kum膩  jau plet膩s no Iek&scaron;膿j膩s Mongolijas step膿m l墨dz Singap奴rai, un no Bankokas l墨dz Manilai. &Scaron;墨s imp膿rijas sirds bija Harbinas priek&scaron;pils膿ta Pinfana Zieme募姆墨n膩, kur atrad膩s 姆墨misko un bakteriolo模isko iero膷u programmas izveidot膩ja 模ener膩lleitnanta Siro Isijas &scaron;t膩bs. </div> <br/> <div align="justify"> Katr膩  no fabrik膩m str膩d膩ja k膩 mininums divi t奴ksto&scaron;i cilv膿ku. Bez kareivjiem, kas to apsarg膩ja, &scaron;aj膩 t墨kl膩 str膩d膩ja aptuveni 20 000 膩rsti, mikrobiologi, veterin膩r膩rsti, zoologi un bot膩ni姆i. Perspekt墨v膩s patog膿n膩s vielas un biolo模iskos iero膷us izm膿模in膩ja ar ieslodz墨tajiem un, pat pie vispietic墨g膩kajiem apr膿姆iniem, par &scaron;o &scaron;au&scaron;al墨go eksperimentu upuriem k募uva 15-20 000 v墨rie&scaron;i, sievietes, b膿rni. V膿l desmitiem t奴ksto&scaron;u g膩ja boj膩 lauka izm膿模in膩jumos, kuros tika izdal墨ta ar patog膿niem mikroorganismiem infic膿ta p膩rtika, 奴denskr膩tuvju un aku infic膿&scaron;ana; hol膿ras izrais墨t膩ju injic膿&scaron;ana neko nenojauto&scaron;ajiem zemniekiem, kuriem teica, ka t膩 ir vakc墨na; epid膿miju izreis墨t膩ju izsmidzin膩&scaron;ana virs ciematiem un pils膿t膩m.<br/> <br/> Iz艈emot da啪us neb奴t ne autoritat墨v膩kos &scaron;墨s biolo模isko iero膷u programmas izpild墨t膩jus, kurus paraugpr膩v膩s ties膩ja PSRS okup膩cijas zon膩, p膩r膿jie praktiski netika sod墨ti. Lieta t膩da, ka p膿c Jap膩nas okup膩cijas ASV bija nepiecie&scaron;ams apg奴t visu jap膩艈u uzkr膩to unik膩lo inform膩ciju par cilv膿ka organisma reakciju, sastopoties ar da啪膩diem patog膿niem mikroorganismiem, lai var膿tu realiz膿t savu bakteriolo模isko iero膷u izveido&scaron;anas programmu. L墨dz ar to okup膩cijas vara par notiku&scaron;o nol膿ma klus膿t.<br/> <br/> Starptautiskaj膩s ties墨b膩s bakteriolo模isko iero膷u izmanto&scaron;anu atz墨st par noziedz墨gu un aizliedz kop&scaron; 1925. gada 沤en膿vas Protokola par 姆墨miskajiem un bakteriolo模iskajiem iero膷iem – t膩 bija reakcija no t膩m &scaron;ausm膩m, kas sekoja p膿c kaujas g膩zu pielieto&scaron;anas 1. Pasaules kar膩. P膿c diviem gadu desmitiem, izmekl膿jot t.s. “medi姆u lietu” Nirnbergas proces膩, ties膩jamos bez visa cita aps奴dz膿jas ar墨 biolo模isku eksperimentu veik&scaron;an膩 ar t奴ksto&scaron;iem V膩cijas un 膩rvalstu pilso艈iem. Tribun膩ls postul膿ja, ka lai k膩das ar b奴tu V膩cijas ties墨bas eksperiment膿t ar ieslodz墨jum膩 eso&scaron;iem t膩s pavalstniekiem, &scaron;墨s ties墨bas “nek膩di neattiecas... &scaron;膩da prakse nav pie募aujama attiec墨b膩 uz citu valstu pilso艈iem, kuri... bija visnecilv膿c墨g膩kaj膩 veid膩 un apst膩k募os pak募auti &scaron;iem eksperimentiem... Tik t膩lu, cik &scaron;ie eksperimenti nav defin膿jami k膩 kara noziegums, tie ir noziegums pret cilv膿ci”.<br/> <br/> Tikai t膩p膿c vien no likuma viedok募a Jap膩nas biolo模isko iero膷u rad墨&scaron;anas programmas autorus noteikti vajadz膿ja ties膩t, ta膷u likumu pielieto&scaron;anu vai nepielieto&scaron;anu noteica “aukstais kar&scaron;”, nevis starptautisk膩s cilv膿kties墨bas. P膿c tam tika pie艈emta v膿l virkne l膿mumu, kuri pastiprin膩ja atbild墨bu par &scaron;膩da veida r墨c墨bu. Pirmais no 1977. gada 沤en膿vas Konvenciju Papildprotokoliem aizliedz “medic墨nas un zin膩tnes eksperimentus” ar biolo模iskajiem iero膷iem, pat ja izm膿模in膩mie tiem piekr墨t. Savuk膩rt iero膷u kontroles jom膩 past膩v 1972. gada Konvencija par biolo模iskajiem iero膷iem, kas aizliedz “izveidot... bakteriolo模iskas, biolo模iskas vai ind墨gas vielas un to apr墨kojumu”, paredz膿tu “milit膩ra konflikta laik膩 &scaron;膩du vielu transport膿&scaron;anai vai izmanto&scaron;anai ar naid墨giem nodomiem”.<br/> <br/> Ta膷u ar墨  ar visiem &scaron;iem aizliegumiem paties墨ba ir p膩r膩k briesm墨ga, lai tai nepiev膿rstu uzman墨bu. L墨dz pat 80. gadiem Jap膩nas vald墨ba visp膩r noliedza, ka &scaron;膩di eksperimenti, kurus veiku&scaron;i t膩s dienest膩 eso&scaron;ie 膩rsti un zin膩tnieki, visp膩r biju&scaron;i. Kad neapg膩啪amu pier膩d墨jumu bija sakr膩jies p膩r膩k daudz, Tokijai n膩c膩s atz墨t notiku&scaron;o, ta膷u apgalvojot, ka t膩 nav bijusi valsts programma, bet gan atsevi&scaron;姆u milit膩rpersonu-reneg膩tu pa&scaron;u iniciat墨va. Jap膩nas vald墨ba t膩 ar墨 nav atvainojusies** un nav izteikusi v膿lmi veikt k膩das kompens膩cijas ne tiem, kas izdz墨voju&scaron;i p膿c t膩s biolo模isko iero膷u izm膿模in膩jumu eksperimentiem, ne ar墨 boj膩 g膩ju&scaron;o 模imen膿m. <br/> <br/> <i>----------------------<br/> <br/> * Harris Sheldon H. – Kalifornijas Universit膩tes Nortrid啪膩 v膿stures goda profesors; vair膩kas zin膩tnes pr膿mijas izpeln墨ju&scaron;膩s gr膩matas “N膩ves fabrikas: Jap膩nas biolo模iskais kar&scaron; un t膩 amerik膩艈u aizsegs” (1994.) autors.<br/> <br/> ** Tokija ofici膩li atvainoj膩s par &scaron;iem noziegumiem 2005. gada apr墨l墨. –  tulk. <br/> <br/> (c) Crimes of war. What the public should know. Edited by Roy Gutman and David Rieff, legal Editor Kenneth Anderson. W.W. Norton&company, New York-London, 1999.<br/> <br/> (c) tulkojis A.Buks, 2005.</i><br/> <br/> <br/> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <span class="article_seperator"> </span> </div> <div class="clr"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <p class="copyright"> http://vesture.sauc.lv, Powered by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615013102/http://joomla.org/" class="sgfooter" target="_blank">Joomla!</a> and designed by SiteGround <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615013102/http://www.siteground.com/" target="_blank" class="sgfooter">web hosting</a> </p> </div> </body> </html>