Как уверенно войти в мир инвестиций и не потерять деньги - Газета.Ru

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.unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link { display: block; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; overflow: hidden; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link:before, .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link:after { content: ''; display: block; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 1; -webkit-transition: opacity 1s; transition: opacity 1s; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link:before { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(30%, #292929), to(transparent)); background-image: linear-gradient(to top, #292929 30%, transparent); opacity: 1; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link:after { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(30%, white), to(transparent)); background-image: linear-gradient(to top, white 30%, transparent); opacity: 0; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link:hover:before { opacity: 0; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__link:hover:after { opacity: 1; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__img-wrap { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -10px; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__img { border: none; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center center; background-size: cover; -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform .3s; transition: -webkit-transform .3s; transition: transform .3s; transition: transform .3s, -webkit-transform .3s; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__item:hover .container-101749__img { -webkit-transform: translateY(-10px); transform: translateY(-10px); } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__title { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.3; color: #fff; z-index: 1; position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; z-index: 2; padding: 10px; text-align: left; } .unit-101749-desktop .container-101749__item:hover .container-101749__title { color: #000; } .container-101749-hidden { display: none; } .container-101749-turn-right { -webkit-transform: rotateY(20deg); transform: rotateY(20deg); } .container-101749-turn-left { -webkit-transform: rotateY(-20deg); transform: rotateY(-20deg); } .container-101749-slide-in { -webkit-animation-name: container-101749-slide-in; animation-name: container-101749-slide-in; -webkit-animation-duration: 1s; animation-duration: 1s; -webkit-animation-fill-mode: backwards; animation-fill-mode: backwards; } .container-101749-fade-in { -webkit-animation-name: container-101749-fade-in; animation-name: container-101749-fade-in; -webkit-animation-duration: .3s; animation-duration: .3s; -webkit-animation-fill-mode: forwards; animation-fill-mode: forwards; } @-webkit-keyframes container-101749-slide-in { 0% { -webkit-transform: translateX(-100%); transform: translateX(-100%); } 100% { -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } } @keyframes container-101749-slide-in { 0% { -webkit-transform: translateX(-100%); transform: translateX(-100%); } 100% { -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; } } @-webkit-keyframes container-101749-fade-in { 0% { opacity: 0; } 100% { opacity: 1; } } @keyframes container-101749-fade-in { 0% { opacity: 0; } </style> <script> var exchangeClicksHandler = g_gazeta.asyncScriptFunc('https://static.gazeta.ru/nm2021/js/block_counter.v6.js', 'blockCounter'); var g_infoxCounter = 0; var g_smi2Counter = 0; var g_24smiCounter = 0; var g_exchangePull = [ { name: 'smi2', url: 'https://smi2.ru/', logo: 'https://static.smi2.net/static/logo/smi2.svg', fetchPolicy: {}, checkUrl: 0, fetchUrls: [ 'https://smi2.ru/data/js/93295.js', 'https://smi2.ru/data/js/95122.js' ], asideCheckUrl: 0, asideUrls: [], weight: 5, weightArr: [5,5,5,5 ] }, { name: '24smi', url: 'https://ex.24smi.info/', logo: 'https://static.gazeta.ru/nm2015/i/__2020/partners/logo_24smi_2020.svg', fetchPolicy: {}, checkUrl: 0, fetchUrls: [ 'https://data.24smi.net/informer?object=19146&output=json&num=20', 'https://data.24smi.net/informer?object=19144&output=json&num=20' ], asideCheckUrl: 0, asideUrls: ['https://data.24smi.net/informer?object=19145&output=json&num=20'], weight: 5, weightArr: [5,5,5,5 ] }, { name: 'infox', url: 'https://cis.infox.sg/', logo: 'https://static.gazeta.ru/nm2021/img/all_logo/infox_logo_origin.svg', fetchPolicy: {credentials: 'include', mode: 'cors'}, checkUrl: 0, fetchUrls: [ 'https://rb.infox.sg/json?id=604&external=true', ], asideCheckUrl: 0, asideUrls: ['https://rb.infox.sg/json?id=909&external=true'], weight: 0, weightArr: [0,0,0,0 ] }, ]; function g_loadExchangeToEl(props){ let rootEl = props.el || null; let exchangeName = props.exchangeName || null; let nodeLimit = props.limit || null; let exchangeIsVertical = props.vertical || false; let exceptionName = props.exceptionName || null; let isAside = props.aside || false; let articleCounter = props.articleCounter || 0; articleCounter = articleCounter > g_exchangePull[0].weightArr.length - 1 ? g_exchangePull[0].weightArr.length - 1 : articleCounter; if(rootEl instanceof HTMLElement){ function rand(min, max) { let rand = min - 0.5 + Math.random() * (max - min + 1); return Math.round(rand); } function g_loadExchange(props){ let id = props.id || null; let url = props.url || null; let fetchPolicy = props.fetchPolicy || {}; let partnerUrl = props.partnerUrl || null; let partnerlogo = props.partnerlogo || null; let itemLimit = props.limit || null; let exchangeIsVertical = props.vertical || false; let root = document.getElementById(id); root.classList.add('b_partners_feed'); function slideThis(carouseId){ let root = document.getElementById(carouseId); let content = root.querySelector('.content'); let lArr = root.querySelector('.arrow.m_left'); let rArr = root.querySelector('.arrow.m_right'); // find gap between siblings items let item1 = content.querySelector('.item'); // first element in collection let item2 = content.querySelector('.item:nth-child(2)'); // and a second let gap = item2.offsetLeft - item1.clientWidth; let step = (item1.clientWidth + gap) * 2; // content extreme points let maxScroll = content.scrollWidth - content.offsetWidth; let scrollFlag = false; let scroll = 0; root.addEventListener('mouseover', function(e){ maxScroll = content.scrollWidth - content.offsetWidth; let pos = root.getBoundingClientRect(); let xControl = e.clientX - pos.left; if(xControl < root.offsetWidth/2){ rArr.classList.remove('visible'); if(scroll > 0 ){ lArr.classList.add('visible'); } } else if(xControl >= root.offsetWidth/2) { lArr.classList.remove('visible'); if(scroll < maxScroll){ rArr.classList.add('visible'); } } }) root.addEventListener('mouseleave', function(e){ lArr.classList.remove('visible'); rArr.classList.remove('visible'); }) lArr.addEventListener('click', letScrolling); rArr.addEventListener('click', letScrolling); content.addEventListener('scroll', letScrolling); function letScrolling(e) { if (scrollFlag) return; if (e.type == 'click') { if (this.classList.contains('m_right')) { scroll = content.scrollLeft + step; if (scroll > maxScroll) { scroll = maxScroll; } } else if (this.classList.contains('m_left')) { scroll = content.scrollLeft - step; if (scroll < 0) { scroll = 0; } } animationScroll(scroll); } else { scroll = content.scrollLeft; showHideArrows(scroll); } } function animationScroll(scroll) { scrollFlag = true; let duration = 300; let start = performance.now(); let k; let startValue = content.scrollLeft; function easing(x) { return Math.pow(1 - x, 2) * 3 * x * 0.1 + (1 - x) * 3 * Math.pow(x, 2) + Math.pow(x, 3); } let reqId = requestAnimationFrame(function animate(time) { let x = (time - start) / duration; let newValue = scroll > startValue ? startValue + Math.abs(startValue - scroll) * easing(x) : startValue - Math.abs(startValue - scroll) * easing(x); content.scrollLeft = x > 1 && scroll != newValue ? scroll : newValue; if (x > 1) { scrollFlag = false; showHideArrows(scroll); cancelAnimationFrame(reqId); } else { requestAnimationFrame(animate); } }) } function showHideArrows(scroll) { if (scroll >= maxScroll) { rArr.classList.remove('visible'); } else if (scroll <= 0) { lArr.classList.remove('visible'); } } } function getAveragePixel(imageSrc){ return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){ let img = new Image(); img.src = imageSrc; img.crossOrigin = 'Anonymous'; img.addEventListener('load', function(){ let cnv = document.createElement('canvas'); let cw = cnv.width = 40; let ch = cnv.height = img.naturalHeight*cw/img.naturalWidth; let ctx = cnv.getContext('2d'); ctx.drawImage(img, 0,0, cw,ch); let data; try { data = ctx.getImageData(0,0,cw,ch); } catch { return resolve({r:29,g:29,b:29, isDark: true}); } let rgb = {r:0, g:0, b:0, isDark: true}; let counter = 0; for(let i = 0; i<data.data.length; i += 20){ ++counter; rgb.r += data.data[i]; rgb.g += data.data[i+1]; rgb.b += data.data[i+2]; } rgb.r = Math.round(rgb.r/counter) > 255 ? 255 : Math.round(rgb.r/counter); rgb.g = Math.round(rgb.g/counter) > 255 ? 255 : Math.round(rgb.g/counter); rgb.b = Math.round(rgb.b/counter) > 255 ? 255 : Math.round(rgb.b/counter); resolve(rgb); }) img.onerror = function(){ return resolve({r:29,g:29,b:29, isDark: true}); } }) } if(exchangeIsVertical){ root.classList.add('m_col'); } if(partnerUrl){ let header = document.createElement('a'); header.className = 'header'; header.href = partnerUrl; header.target = '_blank'; root.append(header); if(partnerlogo){ let img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = partnerlogo; header.append(img); } else { header.innerText = 'Популярное в сети'; } } let wrapper = document.createElement('div'); wrapper.className = 'wrapper'; root.append(wrapper); if(!exchangeIsVertical){ let lArr = document.createElement('div'); lArr.className = 'arrow _ui_arrow m_left'; let lSpan = document.createElement('span'); lArr.append(lSpan); let rArr = document.createElement('div'); rArr.className = 'arrow _ui_arrow m_right m_show'; let rSpan = document.createElement('span'); rArr.append(rSpan); wrapper.append(lArr,rArr); } let content = document.createElement('div'); content.className = 'content'; wrapper.append(content); fetch(url,fetchPolicy) .then(response => { if(response.ok){ return response.json(); } }) .then(json=>{ let newsCollect; if(json.news){ newsCollect = json.news; } else { newsCollect = json; } let tiserids = []; if(newsCollect.length){ root.classList.add('show'); let lim = itemLimit ? itemLimit : newsCollect.length; for(let i=0; i<lim; i++){ if(props.name.match('24smi')){ tiserids.push(newsCollect[i].id); } if(newsCollect[i].zero_pixel){ let img = new Image(); img.async = true; img.src = newsCollect[i].zero_pixel; } if(newsCollect[i].img && newsCollect[i].title && newsCollect[i].url){ getAveragePixel(newsCollect[i].img) .then(rgb=>{ let bgColor = `rgb(${rgb.r},${rgb.g},${rgb.b})`; let item = document.createElement('a'); item.className = 'item'; item.target = '_blank'; item.href = newsCollect[i].url; item.style.backgroundColor = bgColor; let img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = newsCollect[i].img; img.className = 'item-img'; let text = document.createElement('span'); text.className = 'item-text'; text.innerText = newsCollect[i].title; text.style.backgroundColor = bgColor; let textPlug = document.createElement('span'); textPlug.className = 'item-text-plug'; let gradientDirection = exchangeIsVertical ? 'to left' : 'to bottom'; textPlug.style.backgroundImage = `linear-gradient(${gradientDirection}, rgba(${rgb.r},${rgb.g},${rgb.b},0), rgba(${rgb.r},${rgb.g},${rgb.b},1))`; text.append(textPlug); item.append(img); item.append(text); content.append(item); if(!exchangeIsVertical && i==lim-1){ slideThis(id); } }) } } if(props.name.match('24smi')){ let exchangeSendFlag = false; let informerId = url.match(/object=(\d+)&/)[1]; let tisersStr = tiserids.toString(); let endpointUrl = `https://data.24smi.net/collect?obj=${informerId}&teaser_ids=${tisersStr}`; window.addEventListener('scroll',function(e){ if(g_gazeta.isAnyInViewport(root) && !exchangeSendFlag){ exchangeSendFlag = true; // console.log('exchange 24smi in viewport'); fetch(endpointUrl).then(response => { if(response.ok){ return response.text(); } }) .then(text=>{ // console.dir(text); }) } }) } } }) .catch(error => { console.log(`${id} + ${url} error: ${error.message}`) root.remove(); }); } function loadSmi2Exchange(props) { var smi2Unit = document.getElementById(props.id); smi2Unit.classList.add('unit-101749-desktop'); // generate DOM var smi2Container = document.createElement('div'); smi2Container.className = 'container-101749'; smi2Unit.append(smi2Container); var smi2Wrapper = document.createElement('div'); smi2Wrapper.className = 'container-101749__wrap'; smi2Container.append(smi2Wrapper); var smi2Scroller = document.createElement('div'); smi2Scroller.className = 'container-101749__scroller'; smi2Wrapper.append(smi2Scroller); var smi2Row = document.createElement('div'); smi2Row.className = 'container-101749__row'; smi2Scroller.append(smi2Row); fetch(props.url) // путь до json .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => { smi2Slider(data.news.slice(0, 12)); }); function renderItem(container, model) { var elem = document.createElement('div'); elem.className = 'container-101749__item'; elem.innerHTML = ` <a class="container-101749__link" href="${model.url}" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"> <div class="container-101749__img-wrap"> <div class="container-101749__img" style="background-image: url(${model.img});"> </div> </div> <div class="container-101749__title">${model.title}</div> </a> `; smi2Row.appendChild(elem); } function smi2Slider(news) { // var container = smi2Unit.querySelector('.container-101749__row'); news.forEach(function(model) { renderItem(smi2Row, model); }); // var smi2Container = smi2Unit.querySelector('.container-101749'); // var smi2Wrapper = smi2Container.querySelector('.container-101749__wrap'); // var row = smi2Container.querySelector('.container-101749__scroller'); var items = smi2Container.querySelectorAll('.container-101749__item'); var itemStyles = getComputedStyle(items[0]); var itemWidth = parseInt(itemStyles.width); var itemMarginLeft = parseInt(itemStyles.marginLeft); var itemMarginRight = parseInt(itemStyles.marginRight); var itemWidthFull = itemWidth + itemMarginLeft + itemMarginRight; var before = 0; var cur = 0; var timerId; function resetItemsPosition() { /* console.log('cb'); */ items.forEach(function(elem) { elem.classList.remove('container-101749-turn-right'); elem.classList.remove('container-101749-turn-left'); }); } /* зона не реагирующая на движения курсора считая от левого края блока */ var noCursorEventsArea = 100; var containerObserverOptions = { root: null, threshold: .3, rootMargin: "0px" }; var containerObserver = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries, containerObserver) { entries.forEach(function(entry) { if (entry.isIntersecting) { smi2Scroller.classList.add('container-101749-slide-in'); smi2Wrapper.classList.add('container-101749-fade-in'); containerObserver.unobserve(smi2Container); } }); }, containerObserverOptions); containerObserver.observe(smi2Container); document.addEventListener('mousemove', function(e) { var x = e.pageX - smi2Wrapper.getBoundingClientRect().left; before = cur; cur = 0 + x + 50; if (before > cur) { items.forEach(function(elem) { elem.classList.add('container-101749-turn-right'); elem.classList.remove('container-101749-turn-left'); }); } else if (before < cur) { items.forEach(function(elem) { elem.classList.add('container-101749-turn-left'); elem.classList.remove('container-101749-turn-right'); }); } clearTimeout(timerId); timerId = setTimeout(resetItemsPosition, 300); if (x > noCursorEventsArea && x < smi2Wrapper.offsetWidth) { var translateX = 0 - x + noCursorEventsArea; translateX = adapt(translateX); smi2Wrapper.style.transform = 'translateX(' + translateX + 'px)'; } else { return; } }); var resizeObserver = new ResizeObserver(hideClippedItems); resizeObserver.observe(smi2Wrapper); /** Кол-во тизеров которые влезают полностью, без обрезки */ function getItemCountWithoutClipping() { return Math.ceil(smi2Wrapper.offsetWidth / itemWidthFull); } /** Адаптация позиции по оси Х таким образом, чтобы при нахождении курсора у правого края блока последний тизер был без обрезки */ function adapt(translateX) { var cursorEventsArea = smi2Wrapper.offsetWidth - noCursorEventsArea; var scrollWithoutClipping = itemWidthFull * getItemCountWithoutClipping(); var scrollAreaOutOfBoundary = scrollWithoutClipping - smi2Wrapper.offsetWidth; var k = scrollAreaOutOfBoundary / cursorEventsArea; return Math.floor(translateX * k); } /* cкрыть обрезанные тизеры для корректной CSS перспективы */ function hideClippedItems() { /* console.log("Size changed"); */ items.forEach(function(item) { item.classList.remove('container-101749-hidden'); }); for (var i = getItemCountWithoutClipping(); i < items.length; i++) { items[i].classList.add('container-101749-hidden'); } } } } let g_exchangeTotalWeight = g_exchangePull.reduce((sum,el)=>{ if(exceptionName != el.name){ // choose el from weight array if (articleCounter || articleCounter === 0){ return sum + el.weightArr[articleCounter]; } else { return sum+el.weight; } } else { return sum; } },0); let elID = rootEl.id; let exchange; let randVal = rand(1,g_exchangeTotalWeight); let curVal = 0; for(var i=0; i<g_exchangePull.length; i++ ){ if(exceptionName!=g_exchangePull[i].name){ if(exchangeName && g_exchangePull[i].name == exchangeName){ exchange = g_exchangePull[i]; break; } else { if(randVal>curVal && randVal<=(curVal + g_exchangePull[i].weightArr[articleCounter])){ exchange = g_exchangePull[i]; break; } else { curVal += g_exchangePull[i].weightArr[articleCounter]; } } } } let checkUrl = isAside && exchange.asideUrls.length>0 ? exchange.asideCheckUrl : exchange.checkUrl; let fetchUrl = isAside && exchange.asideUrls.length>0 ? exchange.asideUrls[checkUrl] : exchange.fetchUrls[checkUrl]; if(isAside && exchange.asideUrls.length>0){ exchange.asideCheckUrl = checkUrl+1<exchange.asideUrls.length ? checkUrl+1 : 0; } else { exchange.checkUrl = checkUrl+1<exchange.fetchUrls.length ? checkUrl+1 : 0; } if(exchange.name == 'smi2' && !isAside){ loadSmi2Exchange({ id: elID, url: fetchUrl, fetchPolicy: exchange.fetchPolicy, }) } else { g_loadExchange({ id: elID, url: fetchUrl, fetchPolicy: exchange.fetchPolicy, partnerUrl: exchange.url, partnerlogo: exchange.logo, limit: nodeLimit, vertical: exchangeIsVertical, name: exchange.name }); } if ( exchange.name == 'infox' ) { exchangeClicksHandler('#' + elID, 'infox_' + g_infoxCounter++, 'exchange_2'); } else if ( exchange.name == 'smi2' ) { exchangeClicksHandler('#' + elID, 'smi2_' + g_smi2Counter++, 'exchange_2'); } else if ( exchange.name == '24smi' ) { exchangeClicksHandler('#' + elID, '24smi_' + g_24smiCounter++, 'exchange_2'); } } } </script> <script async src="https://vp.rambler.ru/player/sdk.js"></script> </head> <body class="ad_branding_site "> <div inert>  <script type="text/javascript" > if(!window["ya_params"]) { window["ya_params"] = {}; } ya_params.application = "desktop"; // if ( window['adv_off_btn_location'] ) { // switch(window['adv_off_btn_location']) { // case "1": // ya_params.ab_advoff = "top"; // break; // case "2": // ya_params.ab_advoff = "bottom"; // break; // case "3": // ya_params.ab_advoff = "none"; // break; // } // } (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date();k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/yandex-metrica-watch/tag.js", "ym"); ym(27775902, "init", { id:27775902, clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:true, params: ya_params }); ym(230672, "init", { id:230672, clickmap:true, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, params: ya_params }); 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_id_topnews.querySelectorAll('.b_topnews-content .item-text').forEach(function(el){ // if(el.innerText.length>110) { // let timeNode = el.querySelector('.time'); // let re = new RegExp(timeNode.innerText); // let sliceTo; // if(timeNode.innerText.length>5){ // sliceTo = 80; // } else { // sliceTo = 90; // } // let clearText = el.innerText; //.replace(re, '').trim().slice(0,sliceTo) + '... '; // el.innerText = clearText; // el.append(timeNode); // } // }) if(!_id_topnews.classList.contains('m_extra')){ let tnLArr = _id_topnews.querySelector('.b_topnews-arrow.m_left'); let tnRArr = _id_topnews.querySelector('.b_topnews-arrow.m_right'); // find gap between siblings items let item1 = _id_topnews_content.querySelector('.item'); // first element in collection let item2 = _id_topnews_content.querySelector('.item:nth-child(2)'); // and a second let gap = item2.offsetLeft - item1.clientWidth; let tnScrollStep = (item1.clientWidth + gap)*2; // a/b Test part // function createYaMetricSendFunction(rootId, levelId) { // return function (type) { // var obj = {}; // obj[rootId] = {}; // obj[rootId][levelId] = type; // ym(27775902, 'params', obj); // } // } // function topNewsABTest(block, rootId, levelId){ // var wasVisible = false; // var wasClicked = false; // var isInView = function (el) { // let parent = el.offsetParent; // return 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topNewsABTest(el, 'topNewsDesc_AB', 'Long_last_news'); // } // } else { // if(i==9){ // el.id = '_id_topnews_short_10_item'; // topNewsABTest(el, 'topNewsDesc_AB', 'Short_last_news'); // } // if(i>9){ // el.remove(); // } // } // }); // END a/b Test part // topnews content extreme points let tnMaxScroll = _id_topnews_content.scrollWidth - _id_topnews_content.offsetWidth; let scroll; let topNewsScrollFlag = false; tnLArr.addEventListener('click', scrollNews); tnRArr.addEventListener('click', scrollNews); _id_topnews_content.addEventListener('scroll', scrollNews); function scrollNews(e){ if(topNewsScrollFlag) return; if(e.type == 'click'){ if(this.classList.contains('m_right')){ scroll = _id_topnews_content.scrollLeft + tnScrollStep; if( scroll > tnMaxScroll ){ scroll = tnMaxScroll; } } else if(this.classList.contains('m_left')) { scroll = _id_topnews_content.scrollLeft - tnScrollStep; if( scroll < 0 ){ scroll = 0; } } animationScroll(scroll); } else { scroll = 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Дмитрий Постоленко о том, какие возможности открывает российский рынок акций </div> <div class="p1"></div> <div class="addinfo"> <div class="author m_opinion" > <a href="/comments/column/dmitrii_postolenko/" class="author-photo"> <img src="https://img.gazeta.ru/files3/914/20580914/111-pic_square_200x200-200x200-19936.jpg" alt=""> </a> <div class="author-info"> <span class="author-item" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemid="/comments/column/dmitrii_postolenko/"> <span itemprop="name"> <a href="/comments/column/dmitrii_postolenko/" itemprop="url">Дмитрий Постоленко</a> </span> </span> <div class="author-about"><p> Директор центра инвестиций СберСтрахования жизни </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <span itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <link itemprop="url" href="https://img.gazeta.ru/files3/26/20583026/investi-pic_32ratio_900x600-900x600-83095.jpg"/> <link itemprop="contentUrl" 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class="infoblock"> <div class="signplace"> <i>Даша Зайцева/«Газета.Ru» </i> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="p2"></div> <div class="b_article-text" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Инвестирование — это не только способ приумножить капитал, но и искусство, требующее знаний, стратегии и терпения. Но чтобы грамотно инвестировать, важно правильно подготовиться. Все больше россиян начинают интересоваться темой инвестиций: согласно данным Московской биржи, за 2024 год число частных инвесторов, имеющих брокерские счета, увеличилось на 5,4 млн, достигнув 35,1 млн. Конечно, такая статистика не может не радовать. Однако при отсутствии опыта инвестирования нужно помнить про несколько важных шагов. Давайте более подробно рассмотрим каждый из них. </p> <p><h2>Шаг первый: разберитесь в основах инвестирования</h2> </p> <p>Перед тем, как погружаться в мир инвестиций, необходимо освоить три фундаментальных принципа. </p> <p><ul> <li>Фундаментальный анализ. Успех на фондовом рынке невозможен без понимания того, какие факторы влияют на цену активов. Именно фундаментальный анализ помогает оценить «финансовое здоровье» компании, ее перспективы и внешние риски. Где искать информацию? Например, в Telegram-каналах крупных инвестиционных брокеров, управляющих или страховых компаний. Как правило, они на регулярной основе публикуют данные о ключевых показателях бизнеса российских компаний.</li> </ul> </p> <p><ul> <li>Риски и доходность. Важно помнить <mark>золотое правило инвестора: высокая доходность всегда сопряжена с высоким риском</mark>. Вместо того чтобы гоняться за максимальной прибылью, разумнее заранее моделировать разные сценарии и продумывать свою реакцию в каждом из них. Не стоит ориентироваться только на оптимистичные прогнозы — подготовка к стрессовым ситуациям убережет вас от паники и поспешных решений.</li> </ul> </p> <div aria-hidden="true" class="_s_banner_inread" ></div> <script type="text/javascript"> var sspMethod = 'ssp'; (function(){ var advPlace = document.querySelector('._s_banner_inread:not([data-adv-load])'); var gap = document.createElement('div'); gap.className = 'rg'; g_gazeta.addResizeListener(advPlace,function(el){ if(el.offsetHeight>10){ el.after(gap); }else{ gap.remove(); } }); })(); AdfProxy[sspMethod]('._s_banner_inread', { 'p1': 'bryhb', 'p2': 'fcvb', 'pct': 'a', },{ 'begun-auto-pad': "432328744", 'begun-block-id': "432328918" }); </script> <p><ul> <li>Диверсификация — наш главный защитник. И здесь хорошо работает правило не хранить все яйца в одной корзине. Грамотное распределение активов между разными инструментами и отраслями снижает потенциальные риски. Например, если в портфеле слишком много депозитов и фондов денежного рынка, вы рискуете не обогнать инфляцию. А если ставка сделана только на акции и фьючерсы, то вероятность высоких убытков возрастает. Оптимальный вариант — баланс между разными классами активов, позволяющий сгладить рыночные колебания.</li> </ul> </p> <p>Освоив эти три принципа, вы сможете критически оценивать информацию, поступающую из новостных и аналитических ресурсов, и принимать более обоснованные решения. </p> <p><h2>Шаг второй: инвестиционное образование</h2> </p> <p>Вовсе не обязательно иметь высшее финансовое или экономическое образование, чтобы успешно инвестировать. Но качественные знания — залог успеха. Если у вас есть свободное время (например, в дороге или перед сном), попробуйте заменить использование гаджета или, допустим, чтение художественной литературы на изучение профильных изданий. Ниже — три книги, которые по праву считаются настольными для инвесторов. </p> <p><ul> <li>«Разумный инвестор» Бенджамина Грэма. Библия стоимостного инвестирования, выдержавшая испытание временем. Грэм учит анализировать компании, выбирать недооцененные активы и избегать эмоциональных решений.</li> </ul> </p> <p><ul> <li>«Маленькая книга инвестирования. Простые стратегии, которые работают» Джона Богла. Автор, основатель Vanguard Group, показывает, как с помощью простых инструментов и долгосрочного подхода можно добиться стабильных результатов на рынке.</li> </ul> </p> <p><ul> <li>«Инвестиционная оценка: инструменты и методы оценки любых активов» Асвата Дамодарана. Книга — маст-хэв для тех, кто хочет глубже разобраться в оценке акций и облигаций. Дамодаран наглядно объясняет, как формируется стоимость активов и какие метрики стоит учитывать при принятии решений.</li> </ul> </p> <p><h2>Шаг третий: ищем актуальную информацию для инвесторов</h2> </p> <p>Информация — ключевой актив современного инвестора. Финансовый мир меняется каждую секунду, поэтому особенно важно следить за последними новостями и событиями. Вот два ресурса, которые помогут оставаться в теме. </p> <p><ul> <li>Smart-Lab.ru. Российский инвестиционный портал, где собраны мнения трейдеров, аналитические статьи, котировки и форумы. Здесь можно найти как фундаментальные разборы компаний, так и свежие идеи для сделок.</li> </ul> </p> <p><ul> <li>Русскоязычная версия Investing.com — международного ресурса с обширным набором инструментов для инвесторов: новостями, аналитикой, графиками, техническим анализом и экономическими календарями.</li> </ul> </p> <p>Кроме того, сегодня следить за актуальной макроэкономической аналитикой удобно, например, в Telegram-каналах. Отлично подойдут такие, как MMI, TruEcon и «Твердые цифры». Также многие финансовые эксперты ведут видеоблоги и подкасты, в которых делятся актуальными новостями и разбирают рыночные тренды. Здесь лучше отдавать предпочтение проверенным источникам с высокой репутацией. </p> <p><span class="idea">Но главный совет — инвестируйте осознанно! Рынок ценных бумаг требует не только знаний, но и терпения.</span> Главное — не гнаться за быстрыми прибылями, а строить стратегию на долгосрочную перспективу. Используйте проверенные источники информации, регулярно обновляйте свои знания и не бойтесь задавать вопросы профессионалам. Если будете действовать системно, терпеливо и дисциплинированно, путь к финансовой независимости станет реальным. Ну а если времени и терпения на самостоятельное инвестирование не хватает — доверьте это дело профессионалам. Сегодня инвесторам доступны разные инструменты, среди которых и программы страхования с инвестиционным доходом, и программы долевого страхования жизни (ДСЖ). 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} else { _id_gobackupstairs.classList.remove('show'); } }) _id_gobackupstairs.addEventListener('click', function(e){ _id_header.scrollIntoView({block: "start", inline: "nearest",behavior: "smooth"}); _id_gobackupstairs.classList.remove('show'); }) </script> <div style="position: relative; z-index: 100"> <noindex> <style>.b_error_report{display:none;position:fixed;top:50%;left:50%;width:800px;transform:translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0, 0);z-index:-10000;background:#fff;outline:1px solid #ddd;box-shadow:0 0 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);opacity:1;padding:30px 20px;transition:all 0.1s ease-in}.b_error_report *{padding:0;margin:0;border:0;outline:none;background:transparent;font-size:inherit;box-sizing:border-box;text-decoration:none;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:antialiased}.b_error_report .errormsg{display:none}.b_error_report .feedback{display:none}.b_error_report .sendform{display:none}.b_error_report.m_show{display:block;transform:translate(-50%, -50%) scale(1, 1);z-index:10000;opacity:1}.b_error_report.m_show.m_sendform .sendform{display:block}.b_error_report.m_show.m_error .errormsg{display:block}.b_error_report.m_show.m_feedback .feedback{display:block}.b_error_report .headline{font:bold 20px/1.35 'Lora', serif;color:#292929;margin-bottom:20px;padding-right:40px}.b_error_report .selected{font:normal 16px/1.35 'Lora', serif;color:#292929;margin-bottom:20px}.b_error_report .selected strong{font-weight:bold;color:#b11116}.b_error_report textarea{display:block;min-height:200px;width:100%;margin-bottom:20px;font:normal 16px/1.35 'Roboto', sans-serif;color:#505050;padding:20px;outline:1px solid #EAEAEA}.b_error_report input[type="submit"],.b_error_report .closebtn{display:inline-block;padding:10px 20px;font:normal 16px/16px 'Roboto', sans-serif;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;background:#b11116}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon{position:absolute;z-index:2;top:10px;right:10px;width:40px;height:40px;cursor:pointer;background:none}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:24px;height:2px;margin:auto;background:#7F7F7F;opacity:1;transform:rotate(45deg);transition:all 0.3s ease}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:24px;height:2px;margin:auto;background:#7F7F7F;opacity:1;transform:rotate(-45deg);transition:all 0.3s ease}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon:hover:before{transform:rotate(-45deg)}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon:hover:after{transform:rotate(45deg)}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon:active:before{opacity:0;top:-60px;left:-60px}.b_error_report .closebtn.m_icon:active:after{opacity:0;right:-60px;bottom:-60px} </style> <aside class="b_error_report" id="_id_error_report"> <div class="closebtn m_icon"> </div> <div class="sendform"> <div class="headline">Найдена ошибка?</div> <div class="selected"> </div> <form name="send_error_report">  <textarea name="comment" maxlength="800" placeholder="Вы можете оставить комментарий (не более 800 символов)..."></textarea> <input type="submit" value="Отправить сообщение"> </form> </div> <div class="errormsg"> <div class="headline"></div> <div class="closebtn">Закрыть</div> </div> <div class="feedback"> <div class="headline">Спасибо за ваше сообщение, мы скоро все поправим.</div> <div class="closebtn">Продолжить чтение</div> </div> </aside> <script> "use strict" { let form = _id_error_report; let showSelectedText = form.querySelector('.selected'); let sel, range, selStr, commonText, selHtml, start, end; let errorMesCont = form.querySelector('.errormsg .headline'); let closebtns = form.querySelectorAll('.closebtn'); closebtns.forEach(function(el) { el.addEventListener('click', function(){ form.classList.remove('m_show', 'm_error', 'm_feedback', 'm_sendform'); }) }) form.addEventListener('submit', function(e){ e.preventDefault(); // заполним FormData данными из формы let formData = new FormData(document.forms.send_error_report); // добавим ещё одно поле formData.append("text_selected", selStr); formData.append("text_node", commonText); formData.append("location", window.location.href); let queryString = new URLSearchParams(formData).toString(); // отправим данные let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); // xhr.open("POST", "/dynamic/GAZETA/Errmess"); // xhr.send(formData); xhr.open("GET", "/dynamic/GAZETA/Errmess" + "?" + queryString); xhr.send(); xhr.onload = function() { console.log(xhr.response); }; form.classList.remove('m_sendform'); form.classList.add('m_feedback'); }) window.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) { if(e.keyCode == 13 && e.ctrlKey) { sel = window.getSelection(); range = sel.getRangeAt(0); function checkParent(el){ if(!el.closest('article') || el.closest('[aria-hidden="true"]') || el.closest('#right')) { return false; } else { return true; } } let pwd = range.commonAncestorContainer.parentNode; let approveLocation = checkParent(pwd); if(approveLocation){ selStr = ''; // создаем строку селекта commonText = ''; // общий текст с абзацев selHtml = ''; start, end; if(range.commonAncestorContainer.innerText!==undefined){ commonText = range.commonAncestorContainer.innerText.replace(/\s+/g, " "); } else { commonText = range.commonAncestorContainer.textContent.replace(/\s+/g, " "); } selStr = sel.toString(); if(/*commonText.length > 1000 ||*/ selStr.length > 600){ errorMesCont.innerText = 'Вы выбрали слишком большой объем текста'; form.classList.add('m_show', 'm_error'); } else { selStr = selStr.replace(/\s+/g, " ").replace(/([\^\[\]\.\$\{\*$\\\+$\|\?\<\>])/g, '\\$1'); start = commonText.search(selStr); selStr = selStr.replace(/\\/g, ''); end = start + selStr.length; selHtml = commonText.slice(0, start) + '<strong>' + selStr + '</strong>' + commonText.slice(end); showSelectedText.innerHTML = selHtml; form.classList.add('m_show', 'm_sendform'); } } else { errorMesCont.innerText = 'Пожалуйста, выделите текст внутри заметки'; form.classList.add('m_show', 'm_error'); } }else if (e.keyCode == 27) { form.classList.remove('m_show', 'm_error', 'm_feedback', 'm_sendform'); } }) } </script> </noindex> </div> </body> </html>

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