CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="km" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ជំងឺរបេង - វិគីភីឌា</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )kmwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".",","],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "០\t១\t២\t៣\t៤\t៥\t៦\t៧\t៨\t៩"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"km","wgMonthNames":["","ខែមករា","ខែកុម្ភៈ","ខែមីនា","ខែមេសា","ខែឧសភា","ខែមិថុនា","ខែកក្កដា","ខែសីហា","ខែកញ្ញា","ខែតុលា","ខែវិច្ឆិកា","ខែធ្នូ"],"wgRequestId":"76a7be2c-d99e-4f0a-b6ee-1fe19a07429a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ជំងឺរបេង","wgTitle":"ជំងឺរបេង","wgCurRevisionId":255971,"wgRevisionId":255971,"wgArticleId":42727,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"km","wgPageContentLanguage":"km","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ជំងឺរបេង","wgRelevantArticleId":42727,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"km","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"km"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q130971","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled": false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.0"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=km&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg/1200px-Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg/800px-Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg/640px-Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ជំងឺរបេង - វិគីភីឌា"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//km.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="កែប្រែ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="វិគីភីឌា (km)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//km.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.km"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom Feed នៃ វិគីភីឌា" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ជំងឺរបេង rootpage-ជំងឺរបេង skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="បញ្ជីដើម" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">បញ្ជីដើម</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">បញ្ជីដើម</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ការណែនាំ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" title="ចូលមើលទំព័រដើម [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ទំព័រដើម</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97" title="បញ្ជីបន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗនៅក្នុងវិគីនេះ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>បន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6" title="ជំនួយបន្ថែម"><span>ជំនួយ</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9F%97"><span>ទំព័រថ្មីៗ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99" title="ផ្ទុកទំព័រចៃដន្យមួយទំព័រ [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ទំព័រចៃដន្យ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-community" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-community" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> សហគមន៍ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-admin" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84"><span>សុំធ្វើជាអ្នកអភិបាល</span></a></li><li id="n-rename" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98"><span>សុំប្តូរអត្តនាម</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8D" title="អំពីគម្រោង អ្វីដែលអ្នកអាចធ្វើបាន និងកន្លែងស្វែងរកព័ត៌មាន"><span>ផតថលសហគមន៍</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="វិគីភីឌា" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-km.svg" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-km.svg" width="81" height="14" style="width: 5.0625em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ស្វែងរក</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា" aria-label="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ស្វែងរកក្នុងវិគីភីឌា [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ពិសេស:ស្វែងរក"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ស្វែងរក</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=km.wikipedia.org&uselang=km" class=""><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។" class=""><span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍ផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="បញ្ជីសម្រាប់អ្នកប្រើប្រាស់" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=km.wikipedia.org&uselang=km"><span>បរិច្ចាគ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8&returnto=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តបង្កើតគណនីនិងកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>បង្កើតគណនី</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%88%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%84%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B&returnto=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" title="អ្នកត្រូវបានលើកទឹកចិត្តឱ្យកត់ឈ្មោះចូល។ ប៉ុន្តែនេះមិនមែនជាការបង្ខំទេ។ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>កត់ឈ្មោះចូល</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទំព័រសម្រាប់អ្នកកែសម្រួលដែលបានកត់ឈ្មោះចេញ <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%99:Introduction" aria-label="ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែមអំពីការកែសម្រួល"><span>ស្វែងយល់បន្ថែម</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="បញ្ជីកំណែប្រែធ្វើឡើងពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ការរួមចំណែក</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%BB%E1%9F%86" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីកំណែប្រែដែលធ្វើឡើងចេញពីអាសយដ្ឋាន IP នេះ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eលាក់\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"km\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cstyle data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r295743\"\u003E.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}\u003C/style\u003E\u003Ctable class=\"plainlinks ombox ombox-notice\" role=\"presentation\"\u003E\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cimg alt=\"\" src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"40\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"620\" data-file-height=\"620\" /\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003Eក្រុមការងារយើង កំពុងស្វែងរកអ្នកស្ម័គ្រចិត្តដែលចង់ចូលរួមពង្រីកបណ្ដាញសមគមន៍វិគីភីឌាយើង។ \u003Cbr /\u003E\nសូមទំនាក់ទំនងមកកាន់ក្រុមការងារយើង តាមរយៈបណ្ដាញសង្គម social media ខាងក្រោម៖\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"center\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Csmall\u003E\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://facebook.com/kmwp.fb\"\u003EFB Fan Page\u003C/a\u003E |\n\u003Ca rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://twitter.com/KhmerWikipedia\"\u003ETwitter\u003C/a\u003E |\n\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikimedia-kh\"\u003EMailing List\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/small\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="មាតិកា" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">មាតិកា</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ក្បាលទំព័រ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១</span> <span>មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-មីក្រូទស្សន៍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#មីក្រូទស្សន៍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.១</span> <span>មីក្រូទស្សន៍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-មីក្រូទស្សន៍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">១.២</span> <span>មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-រោគសាស្ត្រ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#រោគសាស្ត្រ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">២</span> <span>រោគសាស្ត្រ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-រោគសាស្ត្រ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">៣</span> <span>ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-វ៉ាក់សាំង" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#វ៉ាក់សាំង"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">៤</span> <span>វ៉ាក់សាំង</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-វ៉ាក់សាំង-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-សូមមើលផងដែរ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#សូមមើលផងដែរ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">៥</span> <span>សូមមើលផងដែរ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-សូមមើលផងដែរ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="មាតិកា" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ជំងឺរបេង</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ៤៨ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">៤៨ ភាសា</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%AE%E1%89%A3%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B4%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D_%E1%89%B1%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8E%E1%88%B2%E1%88%B5" title="ማይኮባክቴሪየም ቱበርክሎሲስ – អាំហារិក" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማይኮባክቴሪየም ቱበርክሎሲስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="អាំហារិក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="متفطرة سلية – អារ៉ាប់" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="متفطرة سلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="អារ៉ាប់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="متفطره سليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="متفطره سليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – បេឡារុស" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="បេឡារុស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="মাইকোব্যাক্টেরিয়াম টিউবারকিউলোসিস – បង់ក្លាដែស" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকোব্যাক্টেরিয়াম টিউবারকিউলোসিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="បង់ក្លាដែស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacil_de_Koch" title="Bacil de Koch – កាតាឡាន" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bacil de Koch" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="កាតាឡាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ឆែក" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ឆែក" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អាល្លឺម៉ង់" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="អាល្លឺម៉ង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អង់គ្លេស" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="អង់គ្លេស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អេស្ប៉ាញ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="អេស្ប៉ាញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkuloosi_m%C3%BCkobakter" title="Tuberkuloosi mükobakter – អេស្តូនី" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tuberkuloosi mükobakter" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="អេស្តូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – បាសខ៍" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="បាសខ៍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مایکوباکتریوم توبرکلوزیس – ភឺសៀន" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکوباکتریوم توبرکلوزیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ភឺសៀន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ហ្វាំងឡង់" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ហ្វាំងឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – បារាំង" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="បារាំង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ហ្កាលីស្យាន" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ហ្កាលីស្យាន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ហេប្រឺ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ហេប្រឺ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="माइकोबैक्टीरियम ट्यूबर्क्युलोसिस – ហិណ្ឌី" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="माइकोबैक्टीरियम ट्यूबर्क्युलोसिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ហិណ្ឌី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ហុងគ្រី" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ហុងគ្រី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ឥណ្ឌូណេស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អ៊ីស្លង់" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីស្លង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អ៊ីតាលី" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="អ៊ីតាលី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A0%B8%E8%8F%8C" title="結核菌 – ជប៉ុន" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="結核菌" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ជប៉ុន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%B5%EA%B7%A0" title="결핵균 – កូរ៉េ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="결핵균" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="កូរ៉េ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ឡាតំាង" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ឡាតំាង" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkulozes_mikobakt%C4%93rija" title="Tuberkulozes mikobaktērija – ឡាតវី" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tuberkulozes mikobaktērija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ឡាតវី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ម៉ាសេដូនី" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាសេដូនី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മൈക്കോബാക്റ്റീരിയം ട്യൂബർകുലോസിസ് – ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മൈക്കോബാക്റ്റീരിയം ട്യൂബർകുലോസിസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡាយ៉ាឡាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ម៉ាឡេ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ម៉ាឡេ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ហូឡង់" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ហូឡង់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberkelbakterie" title="Tuberkelbakterie – ន័រវែស នីនូស" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tuberkelbakterie" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស នីនូស" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ន័រវែស បុកម៉ាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C4%85tek_gru%C5%BAlicy" title="Prątek gruźlicy – ប៉ូឡូញ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prątek gruźlicy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ប៉ូឡូញ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B2" title="مائکروبیکٹیریم ٹیوبرکلوزز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مائکروبیکٹیریم ٹیوبرکلوزز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ព័រទុយហ្គាល់" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – រូម៉ានី" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="រូម៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – រុស្ស៊ី" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="រុស្ស៊ី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ស្លូវ៉ាគី" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ាគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ស្លូវ៉ានី" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ស្លូវ៉ានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacili_i_tuberkulozit" title="Bacili i tuberkulozit – អាល់បានី" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bacili i tuberkulozit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="អាល់បានី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ស៊ុយអែត" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ស៊ុយអែត" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ថៃ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ថៃ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – ទួរគី" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ទួរគី" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អ៊ុយក្រែន" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="អ៊ុយក្រែន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – អ៊ូសបេគ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="អ៊ូសបេគ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis – វៀតណាម" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mycobacterium tuberculosis" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="វៀតណាម" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%90%E6%A0%B8%E5%88%86%E6%9E%9D%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C" title="結核分枝桿菌 – ចិន" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="結核分枝桿菌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ចិន" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130971#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់អន្តរភាសា" class="wbc-editpage">កែប្រែតំណភ្ជាប់</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="លំហឈ្មោះ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" title="មើលទំព័រមាតិកា [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ទំព័រ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ការពិភាក្សាអំពីទំព័រខ្លឹមសារនេះ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ការពិភាក្សា</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ភាសាខ្មែរ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="គំហើញ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span>អាន</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit" title="កែប្រែកូដរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=history" title="កំណែកន្លងមករបស់ទំព័រនេះ ។ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>មើលប្រវត្តិ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ឧបករណ៍" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ឧបករណ៍</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ឧបករណ៍</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ជម្រើសផ្សេងទៀត" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> សកម្មភាព </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span>អាន</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit" title="កែប្រែកូដរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=history"><span>មើលប្រវត្តិ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ទូទៅ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9F%87/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" title="បញ្ជីទំព័វិគីទាំងអស់ដែលភ្ជាប់មកទីនេះ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>អ្វីដែលភ្ជាប់មកទីនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84" rel="nofollow" title="បន្លាស់ប្ដូរថ្មីៗក្នុងទំព័រដែលត្រូវបានភ្ជាប់មកទំព័រនេះ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>បន្លាស់ប្ដូរដែលពាក់ព័ន្ធ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=km" title="ផ្ទុកឯកសារឡើង [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ផ្ទុកឯកសារឡើង</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%97" title="បញ្ជីនៃទំព័រពិសេសទាំងអស់ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ទំព័រពិសេសៗ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&oldid=255971" title="តំណភ្ជាប់អចិន្ត្រៃយ៍ដែលភ្ជាប់មកកំណែនេះរបស់ទំព័រនេះ"><span>តំណភ្ជាប់អចិន្ត្រៃយ៍</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=info" title="ព័ត៌មានបន្ថែមអំពីទំព័រនេះ"><span>ព័ត៌មានអំពីទំព័រនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&id=255971&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ព័ត៌មានអំពីរបៀបយោងទំព័រនេះ"><span>យោងទំព័រនេះ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2587%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259E%25BA%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%2584"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%259E%2587%25E1%259F%2586%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259E%25BA%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%2584"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> បោះពុម្ព/នាំចេញ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%85%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span>បង្កើតសៀវភៅ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=show-download-screen"><span>ទាញយកជា PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&printable=yes" title="ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភរបស់ទំព័រនេះ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ទម្រង់សម្រាប់បោះពុម្ភ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ក្នុងគម្រោងផ្សេងៗទៀត </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis" hreflang="en"><span>វិគីជីវសាស្ត្រ</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130971" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ប្ដូរទីតាំងទៅរបារចំហៀង</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">លាក់</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ពីវិគីភីឌា</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="km" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg/220px-Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg/330px-Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg/440px-Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption> M. ជំងឺរបេងនៅក្នុងសួត</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>ជំងឺរបេង Mycobacterium</b></i> (M. tb) គឺជាប្រភេទ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="បាក់តេរី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បាក់តេរី</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ភ្នាក់ងារបង្ករោគ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បង្កជំងឺ</a> នៅក្នុងគ្រួសារ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mycobacteriaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mycobacteriaceae (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Mycobacteriaceae</a> និងជាភ្នាក់ងារបង្ក <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ជំងឺរបេង</a> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-Sherris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sherris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>១<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ត្រូវបានរកឃើញដំបូងក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៨៨២ ដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រ៉ូបឺតកូច (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រ៉ូបឺតកូច</a> ជំងឺរបេង<i><b>Mycobacterium</b></i>មានស្រទាប់ពណ័ប្រផេះគ្របលើផ្ទៃកោសិការបស់វាជាចម្បងដោយសារតែវត្តមាននៃ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F_Mycolic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាស៊ីត Mycolic (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អាស៊ីត mycolic</a> ។ ស្រទាប់គ្របលើកោសិកានេះមិនជៀបពណ័ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្នាមប្រឡាក់ក្រាម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្រ្គេម(Gram)</a> ហើយជាលទ្ធផល មេរោគរបង អាចមានពណ័ជាហ្គ្រេម - អវិជ្ជមានឬហ្គ្រេម - វិជ្ជមាន។ ស្<b>នាមប្រឡាក់ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F_-_%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BF%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អាស៊ីត - លឿន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដែលមានជាតិអាស៊ីដរហ័ស</a> ដូចជា<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziehl%E2%80%93Neelsen_stain" class="extiw" title="en:Ziehl–Neelsen stain">Ziehl-Neelsen</a>ឬពណ៏ fluorescent ដូចជា<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auramine_O" class="extiw" title="en:Auramine O">auramine</a> ត្រូវបានគេប្រើជំនួសដើម្បីកំណត់រក <i>មេរោគរបេង</i>ដោយប្រើមីក្រូទស្សន៍។</b> <b>សរីរវិទ្យានៃ <i>មេរោគរបេង</i> គឺមានលក្ខណៈ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%88%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="សរីរៈរាង្គកាយ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">aerobic</a> ខ្ពស់ហើយត្រូវការអុកស៊ីសែនកំរិតខ្ពស់។ ជាភ្នាក់ងារបង្កជំងឺចម្បងនៃ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រព័ន្ធផ្លូវដង្ហើម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រព័ន្ធដង្ហើម</a> របស់ថនិកសត្វវាឆ្លងទៅសួត។ វិធីធ្វើរោគវិនិច្ឆ័យដែលត្រូវបានប្រើញឹកញាប់បំផុតសម្រាប់ជំងឺរបេងគឺការ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F_Mantoux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ការធ្វើតេស្ត Mantoux (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ធ្វើតេស្តស្បែករបស់ tuberculin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8A_-_%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BF%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្នាមប្រឡាក់អាស៊ីដ - លឿន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បំពាក់ពណ៏អាស៊ីតរហ័ស</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វប្បធម៌មីក្រូជីវសាស្ត្រ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">បណ្ដុះមេរោគ</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%98%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B_polymerase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ប្រតិកម្មខ្សែសង្វាក់ polymerase (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ប្រតិកម្មខ្សែសង្វាក់ Polymerase</a> ។ </b> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា"><span id=".E1.9E.98.E1.9E.B8.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.87.E1.9E.B8.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.91.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.99.E1.9E.B6"></span>មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=1" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ មីក្រូជីវវិទ្យា"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>មេរោគរបេងត្រូវបានរកឃើញនៅឆ្នាំ ២០១៩ ស្មុគស្មាញមួយ ដែលមានសមាជិកយ៉ាងតិច ៩ ប្រភេទរួមមាន៖ <i>M. tuberculosis</i> <i>sensu rigo</i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F_Mycobacterium_africanum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ពពួកពពួកពពួកពពួកផ្សិត Mycobacterium africanum (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. africanum</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_canetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mycobacterium canetti (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. canetti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%80_Mycobacterium_bovis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ពពួកពពួក Mycobacterium bovis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. bovis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86_Mycobacterium_caprae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ថ្នាំ Mycobacterium caprae (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. caprae</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មីក្រូប៊ីលីកមីក្យូប៊ី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. microti</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_pinnipedii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mycobacterium pinnipedii (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. pinnipedii</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ផ្សិតមីកូបាបូលីក (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. mungi</a> ,</i> និង <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mycobacterium_orygis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mycobacterium orygis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">M. orygis</a></i> ។ វា <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ជំពប់ជើងលើអេបូប (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ត្រូវការអុកស៊ីសែនដើម្បីលូតលាស់</a> មិនផលិត <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្ព័របាក់តេរី (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ស្ពឺ</a> ហើយមិនមាន<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ភាពរឹងមាំ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ចលនា</a> ទេ។ មេរោគ<i>បេង</i> បែងចែករៀងរាល់ 18–24 ម៉ោង។ នេះគឺយឺតណាស់បើប្រៀបធៀបនឹងបាក់តេរីដទៃទៀតដែលទំនោរទៅរកការចែករង្វាស់គិតជានាទី ( <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escherichia_coli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escherichia coli (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Escherichia coli</a></i> អាចចែកប្រហែល ២០ នាទី) ។ វាគឺជា bacillusតូច ដែលអាចទប់ទល់នឹង <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មាប់មគ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ការសម្លាប់មេរោគ</a> ខ្សោយនិងអាចរស់នៅបានក្នុងបរិស្ថានស្ងួតមួយសប្តាហ៍។ ជញ្ជាំងកោសិកាមិនធម្មតារបស់វាគឺសំបូរទៅដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipids (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ជាតិខ្លាញ់</a> ដូចជាអាស៊ីត mycolic ទំនងជាទទួលខុសត្រូវចំពោះភាពធន់របស់វាទៅនឹងការធន់ ការធ្វើអោយស្ងួត ហើយជា កត្តានៃធាតុពុល ដ៏សំខាន់។ <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>២<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="មីក្រូទស្សន៍"><span id=".E1.9E.98.E1.9E.B8.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.91.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.93.E1.9F.8D"></span>មីក្រូទស្សន៍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=2" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ មីក្រូទស្សន៍"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>បាក់តេរីផ្សេងទៀតត្រូវបានកំណត់អត្តសញ្ញាណជាទូទៅជាមួយមីក្រូទស្សន៍ដោយការបំពាក់ពណ័ពួកវាដោយ បំពាក់ពណ័<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ស្នាមប្រឡាក់ក្រាម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្គ្រែម</a> ។ ទោះយ៉ាងណាអាស៊ីត mycolic នៅក្នុងជញ្ជាំងកោសិកានៃ <i>មេរោគរបេង</i>មិនជ្រៀបពណ័ដែលបំពាក់ធម្មតាទេ។ ផ្ទុយទៅវិញការបំពាក់ពណ័ដែលមានជាតិអាស៊ីតលឿនដូចជា Ziehl-Neelsen ឬ fluorescent ដូចជា <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98ine_O&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="អេរ៉ាមine O (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">auramine</a> ត្រូវបានប្រើ។ កោសិកាមានរាងជាដំបងរាងកោងហើយជារឿយៗត្រូវបានគេមើលឃើញថារុំព័ទ្ធជុំវិញគ្នាដោយសារតែវត្តមានរបស់អាស៊ីតខ្លាញ់នៅក្នុងជញ្ជាំងកោសិកាដែលនៅជាប់គ្នា </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ"><span id=".E1.9E.98.E1.9E.87.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.88.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8B.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.93.E1.9E.94.E1.9E.8E.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8A.E1.9E.BB.E1.9F.87.E1.9E.98.E1.9F.81.E1.9E.9A.E1.9F.84.E1.9E.82"></span>មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=3" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះមេរោគ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>មេរោគរបេង</i> អាចត្រូវបានបណ្ដុះនៅក្នុងមន្ទីរពិសោធន៍។ បើប្រៀបធៀបទៅនឹងបាក់តេរីដទៃទៀតដែលត្រូវបានគេសិក្សាជាទូទៅ <i>មេរោគរបេង</i>មានអត្រាលូតលាស់យឺតគួរឱ្យកត់សម្គាល់គឺកើនឡើងទ្វេដងក្នុងមួយថ្ងៃ។ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មធ្យមកំណើន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះ</a> ត្រូវបានប្រើជាទូទៅរួមមានវត្ថុរាវដូចជា <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A_Middlebrook_7H9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ទំពាំងបាយជូរ Middlebrook 7H9 (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Middlebrook 7H9</a> ឬ 7H12 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មធ្យមកំណើន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">មជ្ឈដ្ឋានបណ្ដុះ</a>មូលដ្ឋានលើស៊ុត <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%92%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%93_-_%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មធ្យមលីនវេនស្ទឺន - ហ្សេនសិន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដូចជាឡូវ៉ែនស្តាន - ហ្សេនសិន</a> និងមជ្ឈដ្ឋានរឹងដូចជា <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middlebrook_7H11_Agar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Middlebrook 7H11 Agar (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Middlebrook 7H11</a> ឬ 7H10 ។ <sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៣<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> បណ្ដុំមេរោគដែលអាចមើលឃើញត្រូវការរយៈពេលជាច្រើនសប្តាហ៍ដើម្បីដុះនៅលើថ្នាលអាហ្គ្រី។ វាត្រូវបានសម្គាល់ពីជំងឺ mycobacteria ផ្សេងទៀតដោយផលិតកម្មរបស់វាមាន <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="កាតាឡាន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">សារធាតុ Catalase</a> និង <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="នីណូលីន (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Niacin</a> ។ <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៤<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ការធ្វើតេស្តផ្សេងទៀតដើម្បីបញ្ជាក់ពីអត្តសញ្ញាណរបស់វារួមមាន ប្រអូមហ្សែន(gene probe) និង MALDI-TOF ។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="រោគសាស្ត្រ"><span id=".E1.9E.9A.E1.9F.84.E1.9E.82.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A"></span>រោគសាស្ត្រ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=4" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ រោគសាស្ត្រ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>មនុស្សគឺជាកន្លែងផ្ទុក មេរោគរបេង ។ ការយល់ច្រឡំមួយគឺថា មេរោគរបេង អាចត្រូវបានរីករាលដាលដោយចាប់ដៃគ្នាធ្វើឱ្យមានទំនាក់ទំនងជាមួយកៅអីបង្គន់ចែករំលែកអាហារឬភេសជ្ជៈចែករំលែកច្រាសដុសធ្មេញ។ ការថើបអាចជាឬសគល់នៃការឆ្លងប្រសិនបើមនុស្សនោះកំពុងឆ្លងជំងឺ mycobacteria ជាច្រើនតាមរយៈកំហាក់។ ទោះយ៉ាងណាការរីករាលដាលធំ ៗ គឺតាមរយៈ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ដំណក់ទឹកខ្យល់ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ដំណក់ទឹកដែល</a> មានប្រភពចេញពីអ្នកដែលមានជំងឺទាំងក្អកកណ្តាស់និយាយរឺច្រៀង។ </p><p>នៅពេលដែលនៅក្នុងសួត មេរោគរបេងក៏បានត្រូវ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phagocytosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phagocytosis (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">phagocyt</a> ដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrophages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrophages (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">macrophages</a> alveolar ដែលប៉ុន្តែពួកគេមិនអាចសម្លាប់និងរំលាយបាក់តេរីបានទេ។ ជញ្ជាំងកោសិការបស់វាការពារការលាយបញ្ចូលគ្នានៃ <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phagosome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phagosome (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្វាហ្គោលស្យូម</a> ជាមួយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លីសសឺម (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">លីសូស្យូម</a> ដែលផ្ទុកនូវកត្តាប្រឆាំងនឹងបាក់តេរី។ ជាពិសេស <i>មេរោគរបេង</i> ស្ទះរារាំងម៉ូលេគុល <a href="/w/index.php?title=EEA_%E1%9F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EEA ១ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">អង់ដូសូម៉ាអូតូអង់ទីហ្សែន</a> ទី ១ (EEA1); ទោះយ៉ាងណាការរាំងស្ទះនេះមិនអាចការពារការលាយបញ្ចូលគ្នានៃប្រហោងដែលផ្ទុកទៅដោយសារធាតុចិញ្ចឹមបានទេ។ ហេតុដូច្នេះហើយបាក់តេរីគុណឡើងដោយមានការគ្រប់គ្រងនៅខាងក្នុងម៉ាក្រូហ្វា។ បាក់តេរីក៏ផ្ទុក <i>ហ្សែន UreC</i> ដែលការពារការបំលែងអាស៊ីដរបស់<a href="/w/index.php?title=Phagosome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phagosome (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្វាហ្គោលស្យូម</a>។ លើសពីនេះទៀតការផលិត <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotuberculosinol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotuberculosinol (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">diterpen isotuberculosinol</a> ទប់ស្កាត់ភាពពេញវ័យរបស់<a href="/w/index.php?title=Phagosome&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phagosome (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ហ្វាហ្គោលស្យូម</a>។ បាក់តេរីក៏គេចផុតពីការសម្លាប់ម៉ាក្រូហ្វាដោយបន្សាបអន្តរការីអាសូតប្រតិកម្ម។ ថ្មីៗនេះវាត្រូវបានបង្ហាញថា <i>មេរោគរបេង</i> សង្អំនិងលាក់បាំងខ្លួនវានៅក្នុង 1-tuberculosinyladenosine (1-TbAd) ដែលជា <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8F" title="នុយក្លេអូស៊ីត">nucleoside</a> ពិសេសដែលដើរតួជា ថ្នាំបន្សាប ដែលអនុញ្ញាតឱ្យវាបន្សាបជាតិអាស៊ីត pH និងធ្វើឱ្យហើមនៅក្នុងលីសូស្យូម។ 1-TbAd ត្រូវបានអ៊ិនកូដដោយហ្សែន <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rv3378c&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rv3378c (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">Rv3378c</a> ។</i> </p><p>ថ្មីៗនេះវាត្រូវបានបង្ហាញផងដែរថានៅក្នុង <i>ការឆ្លងជំងឺរបេង M.</i> កំរិត PPM1A ត្រូវបានតំឡើងហើយនេះនឹងជះឥទ្ធិពលដល់ការឆ្លើយតប apoptotic ធម្មតានៃម៉ាក្រូដើម្បីសំអាតភ្នាក់ងារបង្ករោគព្រោះ PPM1A ពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹងផ្លូវ apoptotic ដែលទាក់ទងនិងផ្នែកខាងក្រៅ។ ដូច្នេះនៅពេលដែលកម្រិត PPM1A ត្រូវបានកើនឡើងការបញ្ចេញមតិរបស់វានឹងរារាំងផ្លូវ apoptotic ទាំងពីរ។ ជាមួយនឹងការវិភាគបែបសាច់ញាតិមធ្យោបាយបញ្ជូនសញ្ញា JNK / AP-1 ត្រូវបានគេរកឃើញថាមានឥទ្ធិពលផ្នែកខាងក្រោមដែល PPM1A មានចំណែកក្នុងការដើរហើយផ្លូវ apoptotic ក្នុងម៉ាក្រូត្រូវបានគ្រប់គ្រងតាមរបៀបនេះ។ ជាលទ្ធផលនៃជំងឺ apoptosis ត្រូវបានបង្ក្រាបវាផ្តល់ឱ្យ <i>អេមអេដរបេង</i> ជាមួយនឹងទីផ្សារចម្លងដែលមានសុវត្ថិភាពហើយដូច្នេះបាក់តេរីអាចរក្សាស្ថានភាពមិនទាន់ឃើញច្បាស់ក្នុងរយៈពេលយូរ។ </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg/220px-Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg/330px-Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg/440px-Mycobacterium_tuberculosis_Ziehl-Neelsen_stain_640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><i>M. tuberculosis</i> (stained red) in tissue (blue)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%AF%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A:Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg/220px-Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg/330px-Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg/440px-Chording_mycobacterium_tuberculesis_culture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1258" /></a><figcaption> វប្បធម៍ Cording <i>M. របេង</i> (H37Rv) លើអតិសុខុមទស្សន៍ពន្លឺ</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត"><span id=".E1.9E.94.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9E.9C.E1.9E.8F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F.E1.9E.B7.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.9F.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.9A.E1.9F.92.E1.9E.8F"></span>ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=5" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ ប្រវត្តិសាស្រ្ត"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>មេរោគបេង</i> ដែលត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ថាជា " មើមមើម បាសឺរ " ត្រូវបានពិពណ៌នាជាលើកដំបូងនៅថ្ងៃទី ២៤ ខែមីនាឆ្នាំ ១៨៨២ ដោយ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រ៉ូបឺតកូច (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រ៉ូបឺតកូច</a> ដែលក្រោយមកបានទទួល <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%AC%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="រង្វាន់ណូបែលផ្នែកសរីរវិទ្យាឬវេជ្ជសាស្ត្រ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">រង្វាន់ណូបែលផ្នែកសរីរវិទ្យាឬវេជ្ជសាស្ត្រ</a> សម្រាប់ការរកឃើញនេះក្នុងឆ្នាំ ១៩០៥ បាក់តេរីនេះត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់ផងដែរថាជា "បាកគីលរបស់កូច" ។ </p><p><i>មេរោគរបេង</i> មាននៅទូទាំងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រប៉ុន្តែឈ្មោះបានផ្លាស់ប្តូរជាញឹកញាប់តាមពេលវេលា។ ទោះយ៉ាងណានៅឆ្នាំ ១៧២០ ប្រវត្តិនៃជំងឺរបេងបានចាប់ផ្តើមលេចចេញនូវអ្វីដែលត្រូវបានគេស្គាល់នៅសព្វថ្ងៃនេះ។ ដូចដែលគ្រូពេទ្យ បេនចាមីនម៉ាទីនបាន ពិពណ៌នានៅក្នុង <i>ទ្រឹស្តីនៃការប្រើប្រាស់របស់</i> គាត់ជំងឺរបេងអាចបណ្តាលមកពីសត្វមានជីវិតតូចៗដែលបញ្ជូនតាមខ្យល់ទៅអ្នកជំងឺដទៃទៀត។ ជំងឺខ្យល់នេះគឺជាជំងឺឆ្លងដែលសម្លាប់មនុស្សច្រើនជាងគេបំផុតនៅទូទាំងពិភពលោកដែលប៉ះពាល់ដល់មនុស្សជិត ២ ពាន់លាននាក់នៅទូទាំងពិភពលោកនាពេលបច្ចុប្បន្ន។ <i>M. tuberculosi</i> s ងាយឆ្លងកាត់ខ្យល់ដោយកណ្តាស់ក្អកឬនិយាយសាមញ្ញ។ ដំណក់ទឹកដែលមានជាតិកខ្វក់អាចឆ្លងទៅមនុស្សណាម្នាក់ហើយពួកគេអាចឆ្លងដោយ <i>ជំងឺរបេងអេ</i> ។ ដូច្នេះពួកគេក្លាយជាផ្នែកមួយនៃប្រជាជន ១,៨ កោដិនាក់នៅទូទាំងពិភពលោកដែលបច្ចុប្បន្នកំពុងពុះពារនឹងជំងឺនេះ។ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="វ៉ាក់សាំង"><span id=".E1.9E.9C.E1.9F.89.E1.9E.B6.E1.9E.80.E1.9F.8B.E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.B6.E1.9F.86.E1.9E.84"></span>វ៉ាក់សាំង</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=6" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ វ៉ាក់សាំង"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84_BCG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="វ៉ាក់សាំង BCG (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">វ៉ាក់សាំង BCG</a> (ប៊ីកាលកាល់ម៉ែត - ហ្គីរីន) ដែលបានមកពី <i>អេមប៊ីវវីស</i> ទទួលបានជោគជ័យតិចតួចក្នុងការការពារជំងឺរបេង។ វ៉ាក់សាំងនេះត្រូវបានប្រើនៅក្នុងប្រទេសនានាដែលមានកេរ្តិ៍ឈ្មោះដោយសារមានករណី <i>ជំងឺរបេង .</i> ដូច្នេះវាមិនមែនជាវ៉ាក់សាំងដែលត្រូវបានណែនាំទេនៅសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិកដោយសារហានិភ័យទាបនៃការឆ្លង។ ដើម្បីទទួលការចាក់វ៉ាក់សាំងនេះបុគ្គលត្រូវឆ្លងកាត់ដំណើរការពិគ្រោះយោបល់ជាមួយអ្នកជំនាញមេរោគរបេងហើយត្រូវបានផ្តល់ឱ្យតែអ្នកដែលបំពេញតាមលក្ខណៈវិនិច្ឆ័យជាក់លាក់ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។ </p><p>BCG យោងតាមអត្ថបទមួយរបស់សារព័ត៌មានក្យូដូ (១៤ មេសា ២០២០) ដែលមានចំណងជើងថា“ វ៉ាក់សាំងជំងឺរបេងទាក់ទាញការយកចិត្តទុកដាក់ក្នុងការប្រយុទ្ធប្រឆាំងនឹងជំងឺកូរ៉ូណាវិរុស” បង្ហាញពីការជាប់ទាក់ទងគ្នារវាងការចាក់វ៉ាក់សាំង BCG និងការឆ្លើយតបនៃប្រព័ន្ធភាពស៊ាំកាន់តែប្រសើរឡើងចំពោះការការពារជំងឺកូវិត19។ <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>៥<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="សូមមើលផងដែរ"><span id=".E1.9E.9F.E1.9E.BC.E1.9E.98.E2.80.8B.E1.9E.98.E1.9E.BE.E1.9E.9B.E2.80.8B.E1.9E.95.E1.9E.84.E2.80.8B.E1.9E.8A.E1.9F.82.E1.9E.9A"></span>សូមមើលផងដែរ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&action=edit&section=7" title="កែប្រែផ្នែក៖ សូមមើលផងដែរ"><span>កែប្រែ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Philip D'Arcy Hart</li></ul> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sherris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Sherris_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Ryan, Kenneth J.; Ray, C. George (2004). "Mycobacteria". <i>Sherris Medical Microbiology : an Introduction to Infectious Diseases</i> (4th រ.រ.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 439. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0-83-858529-0" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0-83-858529-0">978-0-83-858529-0</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mycobacteria&rft.atitle=Sherris+Medical+Microbiology+%3A+an+Introduction+to+Infectious+Diseases&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+J.&rft.au=Ryan%2C%26%2332%3BKenneth+J.&rft.au=Ray%2C%26%2332%3BC.+George&rft.date=2004&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B439&rft.edition=4th&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.isbn=978-0-83-858529-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"> <i>Medical Microbiology</i>. Elsevier Mosby. 2005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Microbiology&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Elsevier+Mosby&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">"251 – Mycobacterium tuberculosis". <i>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases</i>. Elsevier Saunders. 2015. pp. 2787. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-1-4557-4801-3" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-1-4557-4801-3">978-1-4557-4801-3</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%88%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8D%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="មជ្ឈមណ្ឌលបណ្ណាល័យគណិតូបករណ៍លើខ្សែ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ម.ប.គ.ល.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/903327877">903327877</a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=251+%E2%80%93+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.atitle=Mandell%2C+Douglas%2C+and+Bennett%27s+principles+and+practice+of+infectious+diseases&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B2787&rft.pub=Elsevier+Saunders&rft.isbn=978-1-4557-4801-3&rft_id=info:oclcnum/903327877&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">McMurray, David N. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7812/">"Mycobacteria and Nocardia"</a>. ជា Baron, Samuel. <i>Medical Microbiology</i> (4th រ.រ.). Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="លេខសៀវភៅបទដ្ឋានអន្តរជាតិ (ទំព័រនេះមិនទាន់មាននៅឡើយទេ)">ល.ស.ប.អ.</a> <a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9F:%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%85/978-0963117212" title="ពិសេស:ប្រភពសៀវភៅ/978-0963117212">978-0963117212</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7812/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7812/</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mycobacteria+and+Nocardia&rft.atitle=Medical+Microbiology&rft.aulast=McMurray&rft.aufirst=David+N.&rft.au=McMurray%2C%26%2332%3BDavid+N.&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=4th&rft.place=Galveston+%28TX%29&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Medical+Branch+at+Galveston&rft.isbn=978-0963117212&rft_id=&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/04/3cd4a913c3cf-tuberculosis-vaccine-drawing-attention-in-fight-against-coronavirus.html">https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2020/04/3cd4a913c3cf-tuberculosis-vaccine-drawing-attention-in-fight-against-coronavirus.html</a> Tuberculosis vaccine drawing attention in fight against coronavirus.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">បានពី "<a dir="ltr" href="https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ជំងឺរបេង&oldid=255971">https://km.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ជំងឺរបេង&oldid=255971</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ទំព័រនេះត្រូវបានកែចុងក្រោយនៅម៉ោងម៉ោង១៤:២៨ ថ្ងៃច័ន្ទ ទី១២ ខែមេសា ឆ្នាំ២០២១។</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវបានផ្ដល់ក្រោមអាជ្ញាបណ្ណ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> ។ លក្ខខណ្ឌបន្ថែមផ្សេងៗទៀតក៏នឹងអាចត្រូវបានអនុវត្ត។ សូមមើល <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">លក្ខខណ្ឌក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់</a> សម្រាប់ព័ត៌មានលម្អិត។</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">គោលការណ៍នៃភាពឯកជន</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8">អំពីវិគីភីឌា</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6:%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%92%E2%80%8B%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%85">ការបដិសេធ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ក្រមសីលធម៌</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">អ្នកសរសេរកូដ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/km.wikipedia.org">ស្ថិតិ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//km.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">អានលើឧបករណ៍ចល័ត</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-59bbd5969d-hmfkt","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.059","walltime":"0.076","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2524,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17428,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4763,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":802,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 35.754 1 -total"," 99.52% 35.581 4 ទំព័រគំរូ:Cite_book"," 88.00% 31.464 4 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/core"," 22.91% 8.191 4 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/identifier"," 9.41% 3.366 7 ទំព័រគំរូ:Citation/make_link"," 8.33% 2.978 8 ទំព័រគំរូ:Hide_in_print"," 5.97% 2.135 4 ទំព័រគំរូ:Only_in_print"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d465dfd78-f985x","timestamp":"20241126131941","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u1787\u17c6\u1784\u17ba\u179a\u1794\u17c1\u1784","url":"https:\/\/km.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%84","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130971","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130971","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2021-04-12T14:28:28Z","dateModified":"2021-04-12T14:28:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/18\/Cavitary_tuberculosis.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>