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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_wave_(The_"Age_of_Competition"_1962–1971)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_wave_(The_"Age_of_Competition"_1962–1971)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>First wave (The "Age of Competition" 1962–1971)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_wave_(The_"Age_of_Competition"_1962–1971)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toei_Porno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toei_Porno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Toei Porno</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toei_Porno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nikkatsu <i>Roman Porno</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1980s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1980s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1980s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1980s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Actresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Actresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Actresses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Actresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_pink_films_and_related_genres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_pink_films_and_related_genres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable pink films and related genres</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_pink_films_and_related_genres-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable pink films and related genres subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_pink_films_and_related_genres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pink_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pink_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pink films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pink_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nikkatsu_"Roman_Porno"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nikkatsu_"Roman_Porno""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Nikkatsu "Roman Porno"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nikkatsu_"Roman_Porno"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toei_"Pinky_violence"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toei_"Pinky_violence""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Toei "Pinky violence"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toei_"Pinky_violence"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hochi_Film_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hochi_Film_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Hochi Film Award</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hochi_Film_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kinema_Junpo_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kinema_Junpo_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Kinema Junpo awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kinema_Junpo_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nikkatsu_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nikkatsu_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Nikkatsu awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nikkatsu_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ona-Pet_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ona-Pet_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Ona-Pet Award</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ona-Pet_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pink_Grand_Prix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pink_Grand_Prix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Pink Grand Prix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pink_Grand_Prix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinky_Ribbon_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinky_Ribbon_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Pinky Ribbon Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinky_Ribbon_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yokohama_Film_Festival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yokohama_Film_Festival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Yokohama Film Festival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yokohama_Film_Festival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zoom-Up_Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zoom-Up_Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Zoom-Up Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zoom-Up_Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pink film</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 20 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C9%99hray%C4%B1_film" title="Çəhrayı film – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çəhrayı film" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="পিংক চলচ্চিত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিংক চলচ্চিত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فیلم صورتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فیلم صورتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%91%ED%81%AC_%EC%98%81%ED%99%94" title="핑크 영화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핑크 영화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB" title="ピンク映画 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピンク映画" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filme_rosa" title="Filme rosa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Filme rosa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83-%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Пинку-эйга – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пинку-эйга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_movie" title="Pink movie – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pink movie" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinku_eiga" title="Pinku eiga – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Pinku eiga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_film" title="Pink film – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pink film" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembe_film" title="Pembe film – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pembe film" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phim_h%E1%BB%93ng" title="Phim hồng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phim hồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B2%89%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1" title="粉紅色電影 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="粉紅色電影" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1194365#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese erotic cinema</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg/220px-Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg/330px-Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg/440px-Pink_Film_Theater_%E6%9C%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%8A%87%E5%A0%B4_-_Yuya_Tamai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A pink film theater.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pink film</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ピンク映画</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Pinku eiga</i></i></span>)</span> refers in Japan to movies produced by independent studios that includes nudity (hence 'pink') or deals with sexual content.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This encompasses everything from dramas to action thrillers and <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">exploitation film</a> features. Many pink films would be analogous to <a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">erotic thrillers</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Fatal_Attraction" title="Fatal Attraction">Fatal Attraction</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Shades_of_Grey_(film)" title="Fifty Shades of Grey (film)">Fifty Shades of Grey</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Basic_Instinct" title="Basic Instinct">Basic Instinct</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/9%C2%BD_Weeks" title="9½ Weeks">9½ Weeks</a></i>. </p><p>Independent studios that release pink films include <a href="/wiki/OP_Eiga" title="OP Eiga">OP Eiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shint%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_Eiga" title="Shintōhō Eiga">Shintōhō Eiga</a>, Kokuei and Xces. The phrase 'pink film' came into use after the major <a href="/wiki/Toei_Company" title="Toei Company">Toei</a> began advertising some of its movies as 'porno' in 1971 and another major <a href="/wiki/Nikkatsu" title="Nikkatsu">Nikkatsu</a> switched to producing only <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Porno" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Porno">Roman Porno</a></i> films later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the early 2000s, they were almost exclusively shot on <a href="/wiki/35_mm_movie_film" title="35 mm movie film">35 mm film</a>. Recently, filmmakers have increasingly used video (while retaining their emphasis on soft-core narrative). Many theaters swapped 35mm for video projectors and began relying on old videos to meet the demand of triple-feature showings. </p><p>Films that are now regarded as pink films became wildly popular in the mid-1960s, and made up a large part of the Japanese domestic market through the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, the pink films were largely the product of small, independent studios. Around 1970, the major studio Nikkatsu started focusing almost exclusively on erotic content, but Toei, another major film production company, started producing a line of what came to be known as Pinky Violence films. With their access to higher production values and talent, some of these films became critical and popular successes.<sup id="cite_ref-Domenig_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the appearance of the <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_adult_videos_in_Japan" title="Chronology of adult videos in Japan">adult video</a> led viewers to move away from pink film in the 1980s, films in this genre are still being produced. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "pink film", or "eroduction" (erotic production) as it was first called,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a cinematic genre without an exact equivalent in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-Domenig_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though called pornography, the terms "<a href="/wiki/Erotica" title="Erotica">erotica</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Soft_porn" class="mw-redirect" title="Soft porn">soft porn</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Sexploitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexploitation">sexploitation</a>" have been suggested as more appropriate, although none of these precisely matches the pink film genre.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-20_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese film ethics board Eirin has long enforced a ban on the display of genitals and pubic hair. This restriction forced Japanese filmmakers to develop sometimes elaborate means of avoiding showing the "working parts", as American film historian <a href="/wiki/Donald_Richie" title="Donald Richie">Donald Richie</a> puts it.<sup id="cite_ref-Richie-156_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richie-156-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The eroductions are the limpest of softcore, and though there is much breast and buttock display, though there are simulations of intercourse, none of the working parts are ever shown. Indeed, one pubic hair breaks an unwritten but closely observed code. Though this last problem is solved by shaving the actresses, the larger remains: how to stimulate when the means are missing.<sup id="cite_ref-Richie-156_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Richie-156-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>To work around this censorship, most Japanese directors positioned props—lamps, candles, bottles, etc.—at strategic locations to block the banned body parts. When this was not done, the most common alternative techniques are digital scrambling, covering the prohibited area with a black box or a fuzzy white spot, known as a <a href="/wiki/Pixelization" title="Pixelization">mosaic</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Fogging_(censorship)" title="Fogging (censorship)">fogging</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some have claimed that it is this <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censorship</a> that gives the Japanese erotic cinema its particular style. Richie wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>American pornography is kept forever on its elemental level because, showing all, it need do nothing else; Japanese eroductions have to do something else since they cannot show all. The stultified impulse has created some extraordinary works of art, a few films among them. None of these, however, are found among eroductions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Richie makes a distinction between the erotic films of the major studios such as Nikkatsu and Toei as against the low-budget pink films produced by independents such as OP Eiga. </p><p>Contrasting the pink film with Western <a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">pornographic films</a>, Pia Harritz says, "What really stands out is the ability of pinku eiga to engage the spectator in more than just scenes with close-ups of genitals and finally the complexity in the representation of gender and the human mind."<sup id="cite_ref-Harritz_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harritz-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richie and Harritz enumerate the fundamental elements of the pink film formula as: </p> <ol><li>The film must have a required minimum quota of sex scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The film must be approximately one hour in duration.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It must be filmed on 16 mm or 35 mm film within one week.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The film must be made on a very limited budget.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the years since the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, eroticism had been gradually making its way into Japanese cinema. The first kiss to be seen in Japanese film—discreetly half-hidden by an umbrella—caused a national sensation in 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although throughout the 1940s and early 1950s nudity in Japanese movie theaters, as in most of the world, was a taboo,<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-22_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-22-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some films from the mid-50s such as <a href="/wiki/Shintoho" title="Shintoho">Shintoho</a>'s female pearl-diver films starring buxom <a href="/wiki/Michiko_Maeda" title="Michiko Maeda">Michiko Maeda</a>, began showing more flesh than would have previously been imaginable in the Japanese cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same period, the <i><a href="/wiki/Taiyozoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiyozoku">taiyozoku</a></i> films on the teen-age "Sun Tribe", such as <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8D_Nakahira" title="Kō Nakahira">Kō Nakahira</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Crazed_Fruit" title="Crazed Fruit">Crazed Fruit</a></i> (1956), introduced unprecedented sexual frankness into Japanese films.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign films of this time, such as <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Summer_with_Monika" title="Summer with Monika">Summer with Monika</a></i> (1953), <a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Les_Amants" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Amants">Amants</a></i> (1958), and <a href="/wiki/Russ_Meyer" title="Russ Meyer">Russ Meyer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Immoral_Mr._Teas" title="The Immoral Mr. Teas">Immoral Mr. Teas</a></i> (1959) introduced female nudity into international cinema, and were imported to Japan without problem.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-22_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-22-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, until the early 1960s, graphic depictions of nudity and sex in Japanese film could only be seen in single-reel "stag films," made by film producers such as those depicted in <a href="/wiki/Shohei_Imamura" class="mw-redirect" title="Shohei Imamura">Imamura</a>'s film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pornographers" title="The Pornographers">The Pornographers</a></i> (1966).<sup id="cite_ref-Erotic_Nightmares_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erotic_Nightmares-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_wave_(The_"Age_of_Competition"_1962–1971)"><span id="First_wave_.28The_.22Age_of_Competition.22_1962.E2.80.931971.29"></span>First wave (The "Age of Competition" 1962–1971)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First wave (The "Age of Competition" 1962–1971)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first wave of the pink film in Japan was contemporary with the similar U.S. <a href="/wiki/Sexploitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexploitation">sexploitation film</a> genres, the "nudie-cuties" and "roughies".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nudity and sex officially entered Japanese cinema with <a href="/wiki/Satoru_Kobayashi_(director)" title="Satoru Kobayashi (director)">Satoru Kobayashi</a>'s controversial and popular independent production <i><a href="/wiki/Flesh_Market" title="Flesh Market">Flesh Market</a></i> (<i>Nikutai no Ichiba</i>, 1962), which is considered the first true pink film.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-21_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-21-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Made for 8 million yen, Kobayashi's independent feature film took in over 100 million yen. Kobayashi remained active in directing pink films until the 1990s. <a href="/wiki/Tamaki_Katori" title="Tamaki Katori">Tamaki Katori</a>, the star of the film, went on to become one of the leading early pink film stars, appearing in over 600, and earning the title "Pink Princess".<sup id="cite_ref-Connell_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connell-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1964, maverick <a href="/wiki/Kabuki" title="Kabuki">kabuki</a>, theater and film director <a href="/wiki/Tetsuji_Takechi" title="Tetsuji Takechi">Tetsuji Takechi</a> directed <i><a href="/wiki/Daydream_(1964_film)" title="Daydream (1964 film)">Daydream</a></i>, a big-budget film distributed by the major studio Shochiku. Takechi's <i>Black Snow</i> (1965), resulted in the director's arrest on charges of obscenity and a high-profile trial, which became a major battle between Japan's intellectuals and the establishment. Takechi won the lawsuit, and the publicity surrounding the trial helped bring about a boom in the production of pink films.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her introduction to the Weisser's <i>Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films</i>, actress <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Tani" title="Naomi Tani">Naomi Tani</a> calls this period in pink film production "The Age of Competition".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Japan's major studios, such as <a href="/wiki/Nikkatsu" title="Nikkatsu">Nikkatsu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shochiku" title="Shochiku">Shochiku</a> made occasional forays into erotica in the 1960s, such as director <a href="/wiki/Seijun_Suzuki" title="Seijun Suzuki">Seijun Suzuki</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Flesh" title="Gate of Flesh">Gate of Flesh</a></i> (1964)—the first Japanese film from one of the big four major studios to contain nudity,<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-21_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-21-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the majority of erotic films were made by the independents. Independent studios such as Nihon Cinema and World Eiga made dozens of cheap, profitable "eroductions". Among the most influential independent studios producing pink films in this era were Shintōhō Eiga (the second studio to use this name), <a href="/wiki/Million_Film" title="Million Film">Million Film</a>, Kantō, and <a href="/wiki/OP_Eiga" title="OP Eiga">Ōkura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-20_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically shown on a three-film program, these films were made by these companies to show at their own chain of specialty theaters.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major pink film studio, Wakamatsu Studios, was formed by director <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Wakamatsu" title="Kōji Wakamatsu">Kōji Wakamatsu</a> in 1965, after quitting Nikkatsu. Known as "The Pink Godfather",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and called "the most important director to emerge in the pink film genre",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wakamatsu's independent productions are critically respected works usually concerned with sex and extreme violence mixed with political messages.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His most controversial early films dealing with <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogyny</a> and sadism are <i><a href="/wiki/The_Embryo_Hunts_In_Secret" class="mw-redirect" title="The Embryo Hunts In Secret">The Embryo Hunts In Secret</a></i> (1966), <i><a href="/wiki/Violated_Angels" title="Violated Angels">Violated Angels</a></i> (1967), and <i><a href="/wiki/Go,_Go_Second_Time_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Go, Go Second Time Virgin">Go, Go Second Time Virgin</a></i> (1969). </p><p>Three other important pink film directors of this time, <a href="/wiki/Kan_Mukai" title="Kan Mukai">Kan Mukai</a>, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%B7%9D%E6%AC%BD%E4%B9%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:小川欽也">Kin'ya Ogawa</a> and <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9C%AC%E6%99%8B%E4%B9%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:山本晋也">Shin'ya Yamamoto</a> are known as "The Heroes of the First Wave".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1965, the same year as Wakamatsu became independent, directors Kan Mukai and <a href="/wiki/Giichi_Nishihara" title="Giichi Nishihara">Giichi Nishihara</a> established their own production companies—Mukai Productions and Aoi Eiga.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "first queen of Japanese sex movies" was <a href="/wiki/Noriko_Tatsumi" title="Noriko Tatsumi">Noriko Tatsumi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who made films at World Eiga and Nihon Cinema with director <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Seki" title="Kōji Seki">Kōji Seki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other major Sex Queens of the first wave of pink film included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Setsuko_Ogawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Setsuko Ogawa (page does not exist)">Setsuko Ogawa</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mari Iwai,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keiko Kayama,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Miki Hayashi.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other pink film stars of the era include Tamaki Katori, who appeared in many films for Giichi Nishihara and Kōji Wakamatsu; Kemi Ichiboshi, whose specialty was playing the role of a violated innocent;<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mari Nagisa.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Younger starlets like <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Tani" title="Naomi Tani">Naomi Tani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazuko_Shirakawa" title="Kazuko Shirakawa">Kazuko Shirakawa</a> were starting their careers and already making names for themselves in the pink film industry, but are best remembered today for their work with Nikkatsu during the 1970s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toei_Porno">Toei Porno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Toei Porno"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most exploitation films produced in the 1960's were made by low-budget independent companies. The major studio <a href="/wiki/Toei_Company" title="Toei Company">Toei</a> released a few films with female nudity, starting with <i><a href="/wiki/Kunoichi_ninp%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunoichi ninpō">Kunoichi ninpō</a></i> in 1964 by director <a href="/wiki/Sadao_Nakajima" title="Sadao Nakajima">Sadao Nakajima</a>. In films like his ero-guro series and <i><a href="/wiki/Shogun%27s_Joys_of_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogun's Joys of Torture">Joys of Torture</a></i> series of the late 1960s director <a href="/wiki/Teruo_Ishii" title="Teruo Ishii">Teruo Ishii</a> provided a model for Toei's sexploitation ventures by "establishing a queasy mix of comedy and torture."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, Richie reported, "In Japan, the eroduction is the only type of picture that retains an assured patronage."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To tap into this market, Toei began advertising some of its films using the English word 'porno,' a new word at the time. <i>Onsen mimizu geisha</i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Norifumi_Suzuki" title="Norifumi Suzuki">Norifumi Suzuki</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Reiko_Ike" title="Reiko Ike">Reiko Ike</a> was the first such in July 1971. </p><p>Producer Kanji Amao designed a group of series—<i>shigeki rosen</i> (Sensational Line), <i>ijoseiai rosen</i> (Abnormal Line), and <i>harenchi rosen</i> (Shameless Line), today referred to by English critics as Toei's "Pinky Violence".<sup id="cite_ref-Domenig_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of Toei's films in this style used eroticism in conjunction with violent and action-filled stories. Several of these films have the theme of strong women exacting violent revenge for past injustices. The series was launched with the <i>Delinquent Girl Boss</i> (<i>Zubeko Bancho</i>) films starring <a href="/wiki/Reiko_Oshida" title="Reiko Oshida">Reiko Oshida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other series in the <i>Pinky Violence</i> genre included <a href="/wiki/Norifumi_Suzuki" title="Norifumi Suzuki">Norifumi Suzuki</a>'s <i>Girl Boss</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sukeban" title="Sukeban">Sukeban</a></i>) films, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Terrifying_Girls%27_High_School" title="Terrifying Girls' High School">Terrifying Girls' High School</a></i> films, both starring <a href="/wiki/Reiko_Ike" title="Reiko Ike">Reiko Ike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miki_Sugimoto" title="Miki Sugimoto">Miki Sugimoto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other examples of Toei's films in this genre include <a href="/wiki/Shunya_Ito" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunya Ito">Shunya Ito</a>'s <i>Sasori</i> (Scorpion) series of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in prison films">women in prison films</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Toru_Shinohara" class="mw-redirect" title="Toru Shinohara">Toru Shinohara</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>. Starting with <i><a href="/wiki/Female_Prisoner_701:_Scorpion" title="Female Prisoner 701: Scorpion">Female Prisoner#701: Scorpion</a></i> (1972), the <i>Scorpion</i> series starred <a href="/wiki/Meiko_Kaji" title="Meiko Kaji">Meiko Kaji</a>, who had left Nikkatsu Studios to distance herself from their <i>Roman Porno</i> series. Toei also set the standard for Japanese <a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">nunsploitation</a> films (a subgenre imported from Italy) with the critically acclaimed <i><a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Holy_Beast" title="School of the Holy Beast">School of the Holy Beast</a></i> (1974) directed by <a href="/wiki/Norifumi_Suzuki" title="Norifumi Suzuki">Norifumi Suzuki</a>. Toei also produced a whole series of erotic samurai pictures such as <i>Bohachi Bushido: Clan of the Forgotten Eight</i> (Bōhachi Bushidō: Poruno Jidaigeki) (1973). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno">Nikkatsu <i>Roman Porno</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nikkatsu Roman Porno"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno_films" title="List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films">List of Nikkatsu <i>Roman Porno</i> films</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno" title="Category:Nikkatsu Roman Porno">Category:Nikkatsu <i>Roman Porno</i></a></div> <p>In 1971, Takashi Itamochi, president of Nikkatsu, Japan's oldest major film studio, decided to stop his own company's involvement with action films and start making sexploitation films.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Toei, Nikkatsu had made some previous films in the sexploitation market, such as <i>Story of Heresy in Meiji Era</i> (1968) and <i>Tokyo Bathhouse</i> (1968), which featured over 30 sex-film stars in cameo appearances.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikkatsu launched its <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno_films" title="List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films"><i>Roman Porno</i> series</a> in November 1971 with <i><a href="/wiki/Apartment_Wife:_Affair_In_the_Afternoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment Wife: Affair In the Afternoon">Apartment Wife: Affair In the Afternoon</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Kazuko_Shirakawa" title="Kazuko Shirakawa">Kazuko Shirakawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film became a huge hit, inspired 20 sequels within seven years, established Shirakawa as Nikkatsu's first "Queen", and successfully launched the high-profile <i>Roman Porno</i> series. Director <a href="/wiki/Masaru_Konuma" title="Masaru Konuma">Masaru Konuma</a> says that the process of making <i>Roman Porno</i> was the same as that of making a pink film except for the higher budget.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikkatsu made these higher-quality sexploitation films almost exclusively, at an average rate of three per month,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the next 17 years. </p><p>Nikkatsu gave its <i>Roman Porno</i> directors a great deal of artistic freedom in creating their films, as long as they met the official minimum quota of four nude or sex scenes per hour.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-204_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-204-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The result was a series that was popular both with audiences and with critics.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One or two <i>Roman Pornos</i> appeared on the top-ten lists of Japanese critics every year throughout the run of the series.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikkatsu's higher-quality sex films essentially took the pink film market away from the smaller, independent studios until the mid-1980s, when <a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_adult_videos_in_Japan" title="Chronology of adult videos in Japan">adult videos</a> began to lure away much of the pink film's clientele.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-20_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-20-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tatsumi_Kumashiro" title="Tatsumi Kumashiro">Tatsumi Kumashiro</a> was one of the major directors of the <i>Roman Porno</i>. Kumashiro directed a string of financial and critical hits unprecedented in Japanese cinematic history, including <i><a href="/wiki/Ichijo%27s_Wet_Desire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichijo's Wet Desire">Ichijo's Wet Desire</a></i> (1972) and <i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_Red_Hair_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman with Red Hair (film)">Woman with Red Hair</a></i> (1979), starring <a href="/wiki/Junko_Miyashita" title="Junko Miyashita">Junko Miyashita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-495_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-495-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became known as the "King of Nikkatsu <i>Roman porno</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-204_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-204-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Noboru_Tanaka" title="Noboru Tanaka">Noboru Tanaka</a>, director of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Called_Sada_Abe" title="A Woman Called Sada Abe">A Woman Called Sada Abe</a></i> (1975), is judged by many critics today to have been the best of Nikkatsu's <i>Roman Porno</i> directors.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sadomasochism" title="Sadomasochism">S&M</a> subgenre of the <i>Roman Porno</i> was established in 1974 when the studio hired <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Tani" title="Naomi Tani">Naomi Tani</a> to star in <i><a href="/wiki/Flower_and_Snake_(1974_film)" title="Flower and Snake (1974 film)">Flower and Snake</a></i> (based on an <a href="/wiki/Oniroku_Dan" title="Oniroku Dan">Oniroku Dan</a> novel), and <i><a href="/wiki/Wife_to_be_Sacrificed" class="mw-redirect" title="Wife to be Sacrificed">Wife to be Sacrificed</a></i>, both directed by Masaru Konuma.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tani's immense popularity established her as Nikkatsu's third <i>Roman Porno</i> Queen, and the first of their S&M Queens.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tani was also directed by the important director <a href="/wiki/Sh%C3%B4gor%C3%B4_Nishimura" class="mw-redirect" title="Shôgorô Nishimura">Shôgorô Nishimura</a> in titles that became classics, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rope_Cosmetology" title="Rope Cosmetology">Rope Cosmetology</a></i> (1978). Other subgenres developed under the <i>Roman Porno</i> line included "Violent Pink", established in 1976 by director <a href="/wiki/Yasuharu_Hasebe" title="Yasuharu Hasebe">Yasuharu Hasebe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When ownership of <a href="/wiki/VCR" class="mw-redirect" title="VCR">VCRs</a> first became widespread in the early 1980s, adult videos made their appearance, and quickly became highly popular.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1982, the AVs had already attained an approximately equal share of the adult entertainment market with theatrical erotic films.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-29_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-29-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1984, new government censorship policies and an agreement between <a href="/wiki/Eirin" title="Eirin">Eirin</a> (the Japanese film-rating board) and the pink-film companies added to Nikkatsu's difficulties by putting drastic new restrictions on theatrical films. Theatrical pink movie profits dropped 36% within a month of the new ruling.<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-29_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-29-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eirin dealt a serious blow to the pink film industry in 1988 by introducing stricter requirements for sex-related theatrical films. Nikkatsu responded by discontinuing their Roman Porno line. <i>Bed Partner</i> (1988) was the final film of the venerable 17-year-old <i>Roman Porno</i> series. Nikkatsu continued to distribute films under the name Ropponica, and pink films through Excess Films, however these were not nearly as popular or critically respected as the Roman Porno series had been in its heyday.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 1980s, adult videos had become the main form of adult cinematic entertainment in Japan. </p><p>The dominant directors of pink films of the 1980s, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genji_Nakamura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genji Nakamura (page does not exist)">Genji Nakamura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banmei_Takahashi" title="Banmei Takahashi">Banmei Takahashi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Watanabe" title="Mamoru Watanabe">Mamoru Watanabe</a> are known collectively as "The Three Pillars Of Pink".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three were veterans of the pink film industry since the 1960s. Coming to prominence in the 1980s, a time when the theatrical porn film was facing considerable difficulties on several fronts, this group is known for elevating the pink film above its low origins by concentrating on technical finesse and narrative content. Some critics dubbed the style of their films "<i>pink</i> art".<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-495_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-495-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the time Nakamura joined Nikkatsu in 1983, he had already directed over 100 films.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the plots of his films, which could be extremely misogynistic, were not highly respected, his visual style earned him a reputation for "erotic sensitivity."<sup id="cite_ref-Weisser-495_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weisser-495-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nakamura directed one of Japan's first widely distributed, well-received films with a homosexual theme, <i><a href="/wiki/Beautiful_Mystery" title="Beautiful Mystery">Beautiful Mystery: Legend of the Big Penis</a></i> (1983),<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Nikkatsu's ENK Productions, which was founded in 1983 to focus on gay-themed pink films.<sup id="cite_ref-Domenig_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Nakamura's later pink films were directed in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABichi_Hiroki" title="Ryūichi Hiroki">Ryūichi Hiroki</a>, and Hitoshi Ishikawa under the group pseudonym Go Ijuin.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Banmei Takahashi directed "intricate, highly stylistic <i>pinku eiga</i>",<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <i>New World of Love</i> (1994), the first Japanese theatrical film to display genitals.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another prominent cult director of this era, <a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Komizu" title="Kazuo Komizu">Kazuo "Gaira" Komizu</a>, is known for his <a href="/wiki/Herschell_Gordon_Lewis" title="Herschell Gordon Lewis">Herschell Gordon Lewis</a>-influenced "splatter-eros" films, which bridge the genres of horror and erotica.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nikkatsu, Japan's largest producer of pink films during the 1970s and 1980s, filed for bankruptcy protection in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, even in this most difficult period for the pink film, the genre never completely died out, and continued exploring new artistic realms. Indeed, at this time the pink film was viewed as one of the last refuges of the "<a href="/wiki/Auteur_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Auteur theory">auteur</a>" in Japan. So long as the director provided the requisite number of sex scenes, he was free to explore his own thematic and artistic interests.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three of the most prominent pink film directors of the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Kazuhiro_Sano" title="Kazuhiro Sano">Kazuhiro Sano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Sat%C5%8D" title="Toshiki Satō">Toshiki Satō</a> and <a href="/wiki/Takahisa_Zeze" title="Takahisa Zeze">Takahisa Zeze</a> all made their directorial debuts in 1989. A fourth, <a href="/wiki/Hisayasu_Sat%C5%8D" title="Hisayasu Satō">Hisayasu Satō</a>, debuted in 1985. Coming to prominence during one of the most precarious times for the pink film, these directors worked under the assumption that each film could be their last, and so largely ignored their audience to concentrate on intensely personal, experimental themes. These directors even broke one of the fundamental <i>pink</i> rules by cutting down in the sex scenes in pursuit of their own artistic concerns. Their films were considered "difficult"—dark, complex, and largely unpopular with the older <i>pink</i> audience. The title "Four Heavenly Kings of Pink"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ピンク四天王</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">pinku shitennō</i></span>)</span> was applied to these directors, at first sarcastically, by disgruntled theater owners. On the other hand, Roland Domenig, in his essay on the pink film, says that their work offers "a refreshing contrast to the formulaic and stereotyped films that make up the larger part of <i>pink eiga</i> production, and are strongly influenced by the notion of the filmmaker as auteur."<sup id="cite_ref-Domenig_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The newest prominent group of seven pink film directors all began as assistant directors to the <i>shitennō</i>. Their films display individualistic styles and introspective character indicative of the insecurity of Japan's post-bubble generation. Known together as the "Seven Lucky Gods of Pink"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ピンク七福神</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">pinku shichifukujin</i></span>)</span> they are <a href="/wiki/Toshiya_Ueno" title="Toshiya Ueno">Toshiya Ueno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shinji_Imaoka" title="Shinji Imaoka">Shinji Imaoka</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshitaka_Kamata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoshitaka Kamata (page does not exist)">Yoshitaka Kamata</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshiro_Enomoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toshiro Enomoto (page does not exist)">Toshiro Enomoto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABji_Tajiri" title="Yūji Tajiri">Yūji Tajiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsuru_Meike" title="Mitsuru Meike">Mitsuru Meike</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rei_Sakamoto" title="Rei Sakamoto">Rei Sakamoto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Domenig_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ueno was the first director of this group to rise to prominence, acting as an "advance guard" for the group when his <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_on_Masturbating:_Non-Stop_Pleasure" class="mw-redirect" title="Keep on Masturbating: Non-Stop Pleasure">Keep on Masturbating: Non-Stop Pleasure</a></i> (1994) won the "Best Film" award at the <a href="/wiki/Pink_Grand_Prix" title="Pink Grand Prix">Pink Grand Prix</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Pink Grand Prix has become a yearly highlight for the pink film community by awarding excellence in the genre and screening the top films.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 2000s have seen a significant growth in international interest in the pink film. Director Mitsuru Meike's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Glamorous_Life_of_Sachiko_Hanai" title="The Glamorous Life of Sachiko Hanai">The Glamorous Life of Sachiko Hanai</a></i> (2003) made an impression in international film festivals and gained critical praise.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A planned annual "women-only" pink film festival was first held in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> in 2007, and again in November 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, a company called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_Eiga,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pink Eiga, Inc. (page does not exist)">Pink Eiga, Inc.</a> was formed with the sole purpose of releasing pink films on DVD in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Directors">Directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While some directors have used pink films as a steppingstone for their careers, others work exclusively with the genre. Some notable directors of pink films include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masao_Adachi" title="Masao Adachi">Masao Adachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Araki" title="Tarō Araki">Tarō Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachi_Hamano" title="Sachi Hamano">Sachi Hamano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuharu_Hasebe" title="Yasuharu Hasebe">Yasuharu Hasebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryuichi_Hiroki" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryuichi Hiroki">Ryuichi Hiroki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiharu_Ikeda" title="Toshiharu Ikeda">Toshiharu Ikeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutaka_Ikejima" title="Yutaka Ikejima">Yutaka Ikejima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinji_Imaoka" title="Shinji Imaoka">Shinji Imaoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takashi_Ishii_(film_director)" title="Takashi Ishii (film director)">Takashi Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teruo_Ishii" title="Teruo Ishii">Teruo Ishii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunya_It%C5%8D" title="Shunya Itō">Shunya Itō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshikazu_Kat%C5%8D" title="Yoshikazu Katō">Yoshikazu Katō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satoru_Kobayashi_(director)" title="Satoru Kobayashi (director)">Satoru Kobayashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuo_Komizu" title="Kazuo Komizu">Kazuo "Gaira" Komizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaru_Konuma" title="Masaru Konuma">Masaru Konuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoru_Kunizawa" title="Minoru Kunizawa">Minoru Kunizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyoshi_Kurosawa" title="Kiyoshi Kurosawa">Kiyoshi Kurosawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatsumi_Kumashiro" title="Tatsumi Kumashiro">Tatsumi Kumashiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsuru_Meike" title="Mitsuru Meike">Mitsuru Meike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoshimitsu_Morita" title="Yoshimitsu Morita">Yoshimitsu Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kan_Mukai" title="Kan Mukai">Kan Mukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giichi_Nishihara" title="Giichi Nishihara">Giichi Nishihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgor%C5%8D_Nishimura" title="Shōgorō Nishimura">Shōgorō Nishimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dy%C5%AB_Ohara" title="Kōyū Ohara">Kōyū Ohara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuhiro_Sano" title="Kazuhiro Sano">Kazuhiro Sano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisayasu_Sat%C5%8D" title="Hisayasu Satō">Hisayasu Satō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiki_Sat%C5%8D" title="Toshiki Satō">Toshiki Satō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Seki" title="Kōji Seki">Kōji Seki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuyoshi_Sekine" title="Kazuyoshi Sekine">Kazuyoshi Sekine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABsei_Sone" title="Chūsei Sone">Chūsei Sone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masayuki_Suo" title="Masayuki Suo">Masayuki Suo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norifumi_Suzuki" title="Norifumi Suzuki">Norifumi Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABji_Tajiri" title="Yūji Tajiri">Yūji Tajiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banmei_Takahashi" title="Banmei Takahashi">Banmei Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuji_Takechi" title="Tetsuji Takechi">Tetsuji Takechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsuya_Takehora" title="Tetsuya Takehora">Tetsuya Takehora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Djir%C5%8D_Takita" title="Yōjirō Takita">Yōjirō Takita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_Tama" title="Rumi Tama">Rumi Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noboru_Tanaka" title="Noboru Tanaka">Noboru Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naoyuki_Tomomatsu" title="Naoyuki Tomomatsu">Naoyuki Tomomatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiya_Ueno" title="Toshiya Ueno">Toshiya Ueno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_Wakamatsu" title="Kōji Wakamatsu">Kōji Wakamatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Watanabe" title="Mamoru Watanabe">Mamoru Watanabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumi_Yoshiyuki" title="Yumi Yoshiyuki">Yumi Yoshiyuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takahisa_Zeze" title="Takahisa Zeze">Takahisa Zeze</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actresses">Actresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Actresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some notable <i>pinku eiga</i> actresses include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Izumi_Aki_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Izumi Aki (actress)">Izumi Aki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minami_Aoyama" title="Minami Aoyama">Minami Aoyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asami_Miyajima" class="mw-redirect" title="Asami Miyajima">Asami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayu_Asada" title="Mayu Asada">Mayu Asada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_Hanazawa" title="Lemon Hanazawa">Lemon Hanazawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumika_Hayashi" title="Yumika Hayashi">Yumika Hayashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotaru_Hazuki" title="Hotaru Hazuki">Hotaru Hazuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinako_Hirasawa" title="Rinako Hirasawa">Rinako Hirasawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiko_Ike" title="Reiko Ike">Reiko Ike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_Watanabe" title="Yayoi Watanabe">Yayoi Watanabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyomi_It%C5%8D" title="Kiyomi Itō">Kiyomi Itō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakurako_Kaoru" title="Sakurako Kaoru">Sakurako Kaoru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamaki_Katori" title="Tamaki Katori">Tamaki Katori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dko_Kazama" title="Kyōko Kazama">Kyōko Kazama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiko_Kazama" title="Maiko Kazama">Maiko Kazama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konatsu_(actress)" title="Konatsu (actress)">Konatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megumi_Makihara" title="Megumi Makihara">Megumi Makihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junko_Miyashita" title="Junko Miyashita">Junko Miyashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiko_Oshida" title="Reiko Oshida">Reiko Oshida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoko_Sasaki" title="Motoko Sasaki">Motoko Sasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazuko_Shirakawa" title="Kazuko Shirakawa">Kazuko Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miki_Sugimoto" title="Miki Sugimoto">Miki Sugimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumi_Suzuki" title="Izumi Suzuki">Izumi Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi_Tama" title="Rumi Tama">Rumi Tama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Tani" title="Naomi Tani">Naomi Tani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noriko_Tatsumi" title="Noriko Tatsumi">Noriko Tatsumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumi_Yoshiyuki" title="Yumi Yoshiyuki">Yumi Yoshiyuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miki_Takakura" title="Miki Takakura">Miki Takakura </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumi_Shima" title="Izumi Shima">Izumi Shima</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_pink_films_and_related_genres">Notable pink films and related genres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable pink films and related genres"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_sexploitation_films" title="List of Japanese sexploitation films">List of Japanese sexploitation films</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pink_films">Pink films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pink films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flesh_Market" title="Flesh Market">Flesh Market</a></i> (Kobayashi, 1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daydream_(1964_film)" title="Daydream (1964 film)">Daydream</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tetsuji_Takechi" title="Tetsuji Takechi">Tetsuji Takechi</a>, 1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Embryo_Hunts_In_Secret" class="mw-redirect" title="The Embryo Hunts In Secret">The Embryo Hunts In Secret</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Koji_Wakamatsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Koji Wakamatsu">Koji Wakamatsu</a>, 1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Violated_Angels" title="Violated Angels">Violated Angels</a></i> (Wakamatsu, 1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inflatable_Sex_Doll_of_the_Wastelands" title="Inflatable Sex Doll of the Wastelands">Inflatable Sex Doll of the Wastelands</a></i> (Yamatoya, 1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slave_Widow" title="Slave Widow">Slave Widow</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Noriko_Tatsumi" title="Noriko Tatsumi">Noriko Tatsumi</a>, 1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go,_Go_Second_Time_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Go, Go Second Time Virgin">Go, Go Second Time Virgin</a></i> (Wakamatsu, 1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alleycat_Rock:_Female_Boss" title="Alleycat Rock: Female Boss">Alleycat Rock: Female Boss</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Yasuharu_Hasebe" title="Yasuharu Hasebe">Yasuharu Hasebe</a>, 1970)<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sexy_Battle_Girls" title="Sexy Battle Girls">Sexy Battle Girls</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%26M_Hunter" title="S&M Hunter">S&M Hunter</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Shuji_Kataoka" title="Shuji Kataoka">Shuji Kataoka</a>, 1986), five-film series</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Decadence" title="Tokyo Decadence">Tokyo Decadence</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ryu_Murakami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryu Murakami">Ryu Murakami</a>, 1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Glamorous_Life_of_Sachiko_Hanai" title="The Glamorous Life of Sachiko Hanai">The Glamorous Life of Sachiko Hanai</a></i> (Meike, 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ambiguous_(film)" title="Ambiguous (film)">Ambiguous</a></i> (Ueno, 2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uncle%27s_Paradise" title="Uncle's Paradise">Uncle's Paradise</a></i> (Imaoka, 2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nikkatsu_"Roman_Porno""><span id="Nikkatsu_.22Roman_Porno.22"></span>Nikkatsu "Roman Porno"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Nikkatsu "Roman Porno""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno_films" title="List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films">List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films</a></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apartment_Wife:_Affair_In_the_Afternoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Apartment Wife: Affair In the Afternoon">Apartment Wife: Affair In the Afternoon</a></i> (Nishimura, 1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichijo%27s_Wet_Desire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichijo's Wet Desire">Ichijo's Wet Desire</a></i> (Kumashiro, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flower_and_Snake_(1974_film)" title="Flower and Snake (1974 film)">Flower and Snake</a></i> (Konuma, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wife_to_be_Sacrificed" class="mw-redirect" title="Wife to be Sacrificed">Wife to be Sacrificed</a></i> (Konuma, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Called_Sada_Abe" title="A Woman Called Sada Abe">A Woman Called Sada Abe</a></i> (Tanaka, 1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cloistered_Nun:_Runa%27s_Confession" title="Cloistered Nun: Runa's Confession">Cloistered Nun: Runa's Confession</a></i> (Konuma, 1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watcher_in_the_Attic" title="Watcher in the Attic">Watcher in the Attic</a></i> (Tanaka, 1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fairy_in_a_Cage" title="Fairy in a Cage">Fairy in a Cage</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dy%C5%AB_Ohara" title="Kōyū Ohara">Kōyū Ohara</a>, 1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rope_Hell" title="Rope Hell">Rope Hell</a></i> (Ohara, 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rope_Cosmetology" title="Rope Cosmetology">Rope Cosmetology</a></i> (Nishimura, 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angel_Guts" title="Angel Guts">Angel Guts</a></i> (A series of six films, 1978–1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_Red_Hair_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman with Red Hair (film)">Woman with Red Hair</a></i> (Kumashiro, 1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_of_David:_Beautiful_Girl_Hunter" class="mw-redirect" title="Star of David: Beautiful Girl Hunter">Star of David: Beautiful Girl Hunter</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Norifumi_Suzuki" title="Norifumi Suzuki">Norifumi Suzuki</a>, 1979)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toei_"Pinky_violence""><span id="Toei_.22Pinky_violence.22"></span>Toei "Pinky violence"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Toei "Pinky violence""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shogun%27s_Joys_of_Torture" class="mw-redirect" title="Shogun's Joys of Torture">Shogun's Joys of Torture</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Teruo_Ishii" title="Teruo Ishii">Teruo Ishii</a>, 1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Female_Prisoner_701:_Scorpion" title="Female Prisoner 701: Scorpion">Female Prisoner #701: Scorpion</a></i> (Itō, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_Boss_Guerilla" title="Girl Boss Guerilla">Girl Boss Guerilla</a></i> (Norifumi Suzuki, 1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terrifying_Girls%27_High_School:_Lynch_Law_Classroom" title="Terrifying Girls' High School: Lynch Law Classroom">Terrifying Girls' High School: Lynch Law Classroom</a></i> (Norifumi Suzuki, 1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sex_%26_Fury" title="Sex & Fury">Sex & Fury</a></i> (Norifumi Suzuki, 1973)</li> <li><i>Female Yakuza Tale: Inquisition and Torture</i> (Teruo Ishii, 1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/School_of_the_Holy_Beast" title="School of the Holy Beast">School of the Holy Beast</a></i> (Norifumi Suzuki, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zero_Woman:_Red_Handcuffs" title="Zero Woman: Red Handcuffs">Zero Woman: Red Handcuffs</a></i> (Yukio Noda, 1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Throat_in_Tokyo" title="Deep Throat in Tokyo">Deep Throat in Tokyo</a></i> (Mukai, 1975)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outstanding pink films and their actors and directors have been given awards both from the adult entertainment industry and from the mainstream film community. The following is a partial listing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hochi_Film_Award">Hochi Film Award</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Hochi Film Award"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mainstream film award.<br /> <b>1979</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Actress—<a href="/wiki/Junko_Miyashita" title="Junko Miyashita">Junko Miyashita</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_with_Red_Hair" title="The Woman with Red Hair">The Woman with Red Hair</a>'</i><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kinema_Junpo_awards">Kinema Junpo awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Kinema Junpo awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cinema bi-weekly journal film award.<br /> <b>1969</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Independent Film—Shinya Yamamoto for <i>Spring of Ecstasy</i> (1968)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1972</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Director and Best Scriptwriter—<a href="/wiki/Tatsumi_Kumashiro" title="Tatsumi Kumashiro">Tatsumi Kumashiro</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Ichijo%27s_Wet_Lust" title="Ichijo's Wet Lust">Ichijo's Wet Lust</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nikkatsu_awards">Nikkatsu awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Nikkatsu awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nikkatsu" title="Nikkatsu">Nikkatsu</a> studio's in-house awards.<br /> <b>1985</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Film—<a href="/wiki/Shinji_Somai" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinji Somai">Shinji Somai</a> for <a href="/wiki/Love_Hotel_(1985_film)" title="Love Hotel (1985 film)"><i>Love Hotel</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>1987</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Film—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Junichi_Suzuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Junichi Suzuki (page does not exist)">Junichi Suzuki</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Angel_Guts#The_Films" title="Angel Guts">Angel Guts: Red Rope – "Until I Expire"</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ona-Pet_Award">Ona-Pet Award</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ona-Pet Award"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tabloid magazine award for "the girl you think of while masturbating". The other yearly award was given for the "Tsuma No Mibun", or "girl you would like to marry."<br /> <b>1976</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terumi_Azuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terumi Azuma (page does not exist)">Terumi Azuma</a><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pink_Grand_Prix">Pink Grand Prix</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Pink Grand Prix"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hosted every April by <i>PG</i> magazine. Currently the major pink film award ceremony. Founded 1989, covers 1988–present. </p> <ul><li><i>See</i>: <a href="/wiki/Pink_Grand_Prix" title="Pink Grand Prix">Pink Grand Prix</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinky_Ribbon_Awards">Pinky Ribbon Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Pinky Ribbon Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Annual award held by the <a href="/wiki/Kansai_region" title="Kansai region">Kansai region</a> <i>Pink Link</i> magazine. 2004–present. </p> <ul><li><i>See</i>: <a href="/wiki/Pinky_Ribbon_Awards" title="Pinky Ribbon Awards">Pinky Ribbon Awards</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yokohama_Film_Festival">Yokohama Film Festival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Yokohama Film Festival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mainstream film festival awards.<br /> <b>1985</b> </p> <ul><li>Best New Director <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABsuke_Kaneko" class="mw-redirect" title="Shūsuke Kaneko">Shūsuke Kaneko</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Uno%27s_Wet_and_Swinging" title="Kōichirō Uno's Wet and Swinging">Kōichirō Uno's Wet and Swinging</a></i>, <i>OL yurizoku 19 sai</i> and <i>Eve-chan-no hime</i><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zoom-Up_Awards">Zoom-Up Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Zoom-Up Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Zoom-Up Film Festival (ズームアップ映画祭) pink film awards began in 1980 for movies released in the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The awards continued to at least 1994. Since no listing of the awards seems to be presently available, the following scattered references are what items can be gleaned from the web. </p><p><b>1st Zoom-Up Awards (1980)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Film—<i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Rope_Makeover" title="Virgin Rope Makeover">Virgin Rope Makeover</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">少女縄化粧</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Shōjo nawa geshō</i></span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> directed by <a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Watanabe" title="Mamoru Watanabe">Mamoru Watanabe</a> for <a href="/wiki/Shint%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_Eiga" title="Shintōhō Eiga">Shintōhō Eiga</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Actress—Mayuko Hino<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Supporting Actor—Masayoshi Nogami<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Supporting Actress—Naomi Oka<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—<a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Watanabe" title="Mamoru Watanabe">Mamoru Watanabe</a><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2nd Zoom-Up Awards (1981)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Supporting Actress—Cecile Goda<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Genji_Nakamura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genji Nakamura (page does not exist)">Genji Nakamura</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>3rd Zoom-Up Awards (1982)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Actor—<a href="/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Shimomoto" title="Shirō Shimomoto">Shirō Shimomoto</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Supporting Actor—Hiroshi Imaizumi<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Supporting Actress—Kayoko Sugi<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—<a href="/wiki/Banmei_Takahashi" title="Banmei Takahashi">Banmei Takahashi</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>5th Zoom-Up Awards (1984)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Supporting Actor—Makoto Yoshino<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—<a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Djir%C5%8D_Takita" title="Yōjirō Takita">Yōjirō Takita</a><sup id="cite_ref-tiff_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Takita-pinkeiga_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takita-pinkeiga-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>6th Zoom-Up Awards (1985)</b><br /> – Held in <a href="/wiki/Shinjuku" title="Shinjuku">Shinjuku</a>, Tokyo in May 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-6nozaki_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6nozaki-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Best Actor—<a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dru_Nakane" title="Tōru Nakane">Tōru Nakane</a><sup id="cite_ref-ygm_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ygm-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—<a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Djir%C5%8D_Takita" title="Yōjirō Takita">Yōjirō Takita</a><sup id="cite_ref-tiff_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiff-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Takita-pinkeiga_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takita-pinkeiga-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6nozaki_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6nozaki-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>7th Zoom-Up Awards (1986)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Actor—<a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dru_Nakane" title="Tōru Nakane">Tōru Nakane</a><sup id="cite_ref-ygm_99-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ygm-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>8th Zoom-Up Awards (1987)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Actor—<a href="/wiki/Shir%C5%8D_Shimomoto" title="Shirō Shimomoto">Shirō Shimomoto</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Actress—<a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dko_Hashimoto" title="Kyōko Hashimoto">Kyōko Hashimoto</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Supporting Actor—<a href="/wiki/Yutaka_Ikejima" title="Yutaka Ikejima">Yutaka Ikejima</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—<a href="/w/index.php?title=Motusuga_Watanabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motusuga Watanabe (page does not exist)">Motusuga Watanabe</a><sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>9th Zoom-Up Awards (1988)</b> </p> <ul><li>Best Actress—Kaori Hasegawa<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Supporting Actor—Kinkichi Ishibe<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best Director—Hitoshi Ishikawa<sup id="cite_ref-pinkfest_91-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Best New Director—Daisuke Goto<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas and Yuko Mihara Weisser. 1998. <i>Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films</i>. Vital Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">e.g. Jasper Sharp. 2008. <i>Behind the Pink Curtain: The Complete History of Japanese Sex Cinema</i>. Fab Press.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichie2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Richie" title="Donald Richie">Richie, Donald</a> (2001). "After the Wave". <i>A Hundred Years of Japanese Film: A Concise History</i>. Tokyo: Kodansha International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7700-2682-X" title="Special:BookSources/4-7700-2682-X"><bdi>4-7700-2682-X</bdi></a>. <q>For a time, almost half of the annual film production figures released in Japan were composed of these hour-long mini-features.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=After+the+Wave&rft.btitle=A+Hundred+Years+of+Japanese+Film%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Kodansha+International&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=4-7700-2682-X&rft.aulast=Richie&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDomenig2002" class="citation web cs1">Domenig, Roland (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041118094603/http://194.21.179.166/cecudine/fe_2002/eng/PinkEiga2002.htm">"Vital flesh: the mysterious world of Pink Eiga"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://194.21.179.166/cecudine/fe_2002/eng/PinkEiga2002.htm">the original</a> on 18 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2007</span>. <q>Since the mid-1960s, pink eiga have been the biggest Japanese film genre... By the late 1970s the production of pink eiga together with Roman Porno amounted to more than 70% of annual Japanese film production.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vital+flesh%3A+the+mysterious+world+of+Pink+Eiga&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Domenig&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F194.21.179.166%2Fcecudine%2Ffe_2002%2Feng%2FPinkEiga2002.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Domenig-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Domenig_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Domenig_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Domenig_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Domenig_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Domenig_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Domenig_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDomenig2002" class="citation web cs1">Domenig, Roland (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041118094603/http://194.21.179.166/cecudine/fe_2002/eng/PinkEiga2002.htm">"Vital flesh: the mysterious world of Pink Eiga"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://194.21.179.166/cecudine/fe_2002/eng/PinkEiga2002.htm">the original</a> on 18 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vital+flesh%3A+the+mysterious+world+of+Pink+Eiga&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Domenig&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F194.21.179.166%2Fcecudine%2Ffe_2002%2Feng%2FPinkEiga2002.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Domenig. <i>Vital Flesh</i>. "The term pink eiga was first coined in 1963 by journalist Murai Minoru. But it did not come into general use until the late 1960s. In the early years the films were known as 'eroduction films' (erodakushon eiga) or 'three-million-yen-films' (sanbyakuman eiga)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisser-20-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-20_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-20_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-20_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisserYuko_Mihara_Weisser1998" class="citation book cs1">Weisser, Thomas; Yuko Mihara Weisser (1998). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesecinemaen00weis"><i>Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films</i></a></span>. Miami: Vital Books: Asian Cult Cinema Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanesecinemaen00weis/page/n21">20</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889288-52-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-889288-52-7"><bdi>1-889288-52-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Cinema+Encyclopedia%3A+The+Sex+Films&rft.place=Miami&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Vital+Books%3A+Asian+Cult+Cinema+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-889288-52-7&rft.aulast=Weisser&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Yuko+Mihara+Weisser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjapanesecinemaen00weis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richie-156-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Richie-156_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Richie-156_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichie1987" class="citation book cs1">Richie, Donald (1987) [1972]. "The Japanese Eroduction". <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateralviewessay00rich"><i>A Lateral View: Essays on Culture and Style in Contemporary Japan</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateralviewessay00rich/page/156">156</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9628137-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9628137-4-5"><bdi>0-9628137-4-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Eroduction&rft.btitle=A+Lateral+View%3A+Essays+on+Culture+and+Style+in+Contemporary+Japan&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=156&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-9628137-4-5&rft.aulast=Richie&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flateralviewessay00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richie. <i>The Japanese Eroduction</i>. p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harritz-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harritz_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarritz2006" class="citation web cs1">Harritz, Pia D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702120500/http://www.medievidenskab-odense.dk/index.php?id=57">"Consuming the Female Body: Pinku Eiga and the case of Sagawa Issei"</a>. <i>mediavidenskab</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievidenskab-odense.dk/index.php?id=57">the original</a> on 2 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediavidenskab&rft.atitle=Consuming+the+Female+Body%3A+Pinku+Eiga+and+the+case+of+Sagawa+Issei&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Harritz&rft.aufirst=Pia+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievidenskab-odense.dk%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richie. <i>The Japanese Eroduction</i> pp. 159–160. "In theory, directors are instructed to aim at some kind of sex scene every five minutes; in practice, however, it has proved almost impossible to construct a story-line which allows this, with the results that sex scenes are sometimes fewer but somewhat longer."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Domenig. <i>Vital Flesh</i>. "Pink eiga... typically 60 minutes long..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richie. <i>The Japanese Eroduction</i> p. 157. "The shooting-time for each remains short—a week at the most..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harritz. Writing in 2006, Pia Harritz gives the required budget as about $35,000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBornoff1994" class="citation book cs1">Bornoff, Nicholas (1994) [1991]. "18 (Naked Dissent)". <i>Pink Samurai: An Erotic Exploration of Japanese Society; The Pursuit and Politics of Sex in Japan</i> (Paperback ed.). London: HarperCollins. p. 602. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-20576-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-20576-4"><bdi>0-586-20576-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18+%28Naked+Dissent%29&rft.btitle=Pink+Samurai%3A+An+Erotic+Exploration+of+Japanese+Society%3B+The+Pursuit+and+Politics+of+Sex+in+Japan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=602&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-586-20576-4&rft.aulast=Bornoff&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisser-22-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-22_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-22_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndersonRichie1982" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Joseph; Richie, Donald (1982). <i>The Japanese Film: Art and Industry</i> (Expanded ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">266–</span>267.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Japanese+Film%3A+Art+and+Industry&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E266-%3C%2Fspan%3E267&rft.edition=Expanded&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Richie%2C+Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSato1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tadao_Sato" title="Tadao Sato">Sato, Tadao</a> (1987) [1982]. <i>Currents in Japanese Cinema</i>. Translated by Barrett, Gregory (paperback ed.). Tokyo: Kodansha. pp. <span class="nowrap">212–</span>213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87011-815-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87011-815-3"><bdi>0-87011-815-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Currents+in+Japanese+Cinema&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E212-%3C%2Fspan%3E213&rft.edition=paperback&rft.pub=Kodansha&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-87011-815-3&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=Tadao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erotic_Nightmares-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Erotic_Nightmares_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharp" class="citation web cs1">Sharp, Jasper. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midnighteye.com/features/focus_takechi.shtml">"Tetsuji Takechi: Erotic Nightmares"</a>. <i>www.midnighteye.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.midnighteye.com&rft.atitle=Tetsuji+Takechi%3A+Erotic+Nightmares&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midnighteye.com%2Ffeatures%2Ffocus_takechi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFentone1998" class="citation journal cs1">Fentone, Steve (1998). "A Rip of the Flesh: The Japanese 'Pink Film' Cycle". <i>She</i>. <b>2</b> (11): 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=She&rft.atitle=A+Rip+of+the+Flesh%3A+The+Japanese+%27Pink+Film%27+Cycle&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Fentone&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisser-21-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-21_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-21_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connell-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Connell_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConnell2006" class="citation news cs1">Connell, Ryann (2 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/waiwai/archive/news/2006/03/20060302p2g00m0dm014000c.html">"Japan's former Pink Princess trades raunchy scenes for rural canteen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">Mainichi Shimbun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mainichi+Shimbun&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+former+Pink+Princess+trades+raunchy+scenes+for+rural+canteen&rft.date=2006-03-02&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.aufirst=Ryann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp%2Fwaiwai%2Farchive%2Fnews%2F2006%2F03%2F20060302p2g00m0dm014000c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFirsching" class="citation web cs1">Firsching, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120719131852/http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:249642">"<i>Kuroi Yuki</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Allmovie" class="mw-redirect" title="Allmovie">Allmovie</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:249642">the original</a> on 19 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2007</span>. <q>The resultant obscenity trial... ended with a landmark decision which allowed complete narrative freedom in Japanese films. This development paved the way for the thousands of softcore pinku eiga and S & M films which would define Japanese exploitation cinema until... the late '80s...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kuroi+Yuki&rft.pub=Allmovie&rft.aulast=Firsching&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmovie.com%2Fcg%2Favg.dll%3Fp%3Davg%26sql%3D1%3A249642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richie. <i>A Hundred Years of Japanese Film</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDesser1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Desser" title="David Desser">Desser, David</a> (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/erosplusmassacre00davi/page/99"><i>Eros Plus Massacre: An Introduction to the Japanese New Wave Cinema</i></a></span>. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/erosplusmassacre00davi/page/99">99–101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-31961-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-31961-7"><bdi>0-253-31961-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eros+Plus+Massacre%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Japanese+New+Wave+Cinema&rft.place=Bloomington+and+Indianapolis&rft.pages=99-101&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-253-31961-7&rft.aulast=Desser&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ferosplusmassacre00davi%2Fpage%2F99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIwauchiKoji_Wakamatsu_(interviewee)" class="citation web cs1">Iwauchi, Hideki; Koji Wakamatsu (interviewee). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070426032143/http://www.insite-tokyo.com/interview/15wakamatsu/index.html">"Koji Wakamatsu Film Director Interview"</a>. <i>www.insite-tokyo.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insite-tokyo.com/interview/15wakamatsu/index.html">the original</a> on 26 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2007</span>. <q>He... produced numerous films that are shocking for their treatments of sex, violence, and politics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.insite-tokyo.com&rft.atitle=Koji+Wakamatsu+Film+Director+Interview&rft.aulast=Iwauchi&rft.aufirst=Hideki&rft.au=Koji+Wakamatsu+%28interviewee%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insite-tokyo.com%2Finterview%2F15wakamatsu%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharp2008" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Jasper (2008). <i>Behind the Pink Curtain: The Complete History of Japanese Sex Cinema</i>. Guildford: FAB Press. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903254-54-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903254-54-7"><bdi>978-1-903254-54-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Pink+Curtain%3A+The+Complete+History+of+Japanese+Sex+Cinema&rft.place=Guildford&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=FAB+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903254-54-7&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 441.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macias, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Richie. <i>The Japanese Eroduction</i>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macias, p. 189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD.2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_D." title="Chris D.">D., Chris</a> (2005). <i>Toei's Bad Girl Cinema (booklet to DVD set The Pinky Violence Collection</i>. Panik House Entertainment. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Toei%27s+Bad+Girl+Cinema+%28booklet+to+DVD+set+The+Pinky+Violence+Collection&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Panik+House+Entertainment&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=D.&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macias, p. 190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris D., p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacias2001" class="citation book cs1">Macias, Patrick (2001). "Nikkatsu's Roman Porno". <i>TokyoScope: The Japanese Cult Film Companion</i>. San Francisco: Cadence Books. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56931-681-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-56931-681-3"><bdi>1-56931-681-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nikkatsu%27s+Roman+Porno&rft.btitle=TokyoScope%3A+The+Japanese+Cult+Film+Companion&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Cadence+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-56931-681-3&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, pp. 420, 434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sato. p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Masaru_Konuma" title="Masaru Konuma">Konuma, Masaru</a>. Interviewed by Weisser, Thomas and Yuko Mihara Weisser. (1998). "An Interview with Masaru Konuma; An exclusive ACC interview with Nikkatsu's most notorious director conducted... in Tokyo on November 6, 1998." in <i>Asian Cult Cinema</i>, #22, 1st Quarter 1999, p. 21."The company wanted to convince people that these movies were somehow different, perhaps to make them immediately socially acceptable. However—from the creator's side—there was no difference between the making of Roman Porn and Pink."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBornoff1994" class="citation book cs1">Bornoff, Nicholas (1994) [1991]. "Bye-Bye Pink Cinema, Hello Adult Video". <i>Pink Samurai: An Erotic Exploration of Japanese Society; The Pursuit and Politics of Sex in Japan</i> (Paperback ed.). London: HarperCollins. p. 603. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-586-20576-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-586-20576-4"><bdi>0-586-20576-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bye-Bye+Pink+Cinema%2C+Hello+Adult+Video&rft.btitle=Pink+Samurai%3A+An+Erotic+Exploration+of+Japanese+Society%3B+The+Pursuit+and+Politics+of+Sex+in+Japan&rft.place=London&rft.pages=603&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-586-20576-4&rft.aulast=Bornoff&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisser-204-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-204_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-204_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macias, p. 187. "While single men and curious couples alike lined up for <i>roman porno</i> fare, film critics had no hesitations about singing their praises."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHirano1987" class="citation book cs1">Hirano, Kyoko (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldcinemasince00luhr/page/412">"Japan"</a></span>. In William Luhr (ed.). <i>World Cinema Since 1945</i>. New York: The Ungar Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldcinemasince00luhr/page/412">412</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8044-3078-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8044-3078-0"><bdi>0-8044-3078-0</bdi></a>. <q>at least one or two <i>Roman Pornos</i> have been chosen every year since 1971 as among the ten best films of the year by Japanese critics.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japan&rft.btitle=World+Cinema+Since+1945&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=The+Ungar+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-8044-3078-0&rft.aulast=Hirano&rft.aufirst=Kyoko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldcinemasince00luhr%2Fpage%2F412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisser-495-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-495_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-495_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-495_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 495.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2003" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304111719/http://www.filmquarterly.org/pdfs/article5701.pdf">"A New View of Porn: The Films of Tatsumi Kumashiro"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Film_Quarterly" title="Film Quarterly">Film Quarterly</a>, vol. 57, no.1, Fall 2003</i>. University of California Press. p. 12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmquarterly.org/pdfs/article5701.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Film+Quarterly%2C+vol.+57%2C+no.1%2C+Fall+2003&rft.atitle=A+New+View+of+Porn%3A+The+Films+of+Tatsumi+Kumashiro&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmquarterly.org%2Fpdfs%2Farticle5701.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, pp. 323, 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson1985" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Bill (1985). "<i>Jitsuroko [sic] Abe Sada</i>". In Frank N. Magill (ed.). <i>Magill's Survey of Cinema: Foreign Language Films; Volume 4</i>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Salem Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">1568–</span>1573. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89356-247-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-89356-247-5"><bdi>0-89356-247-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jitsuroko+%5Bsic%5D+Abe+Sada&rft.btitle=Magill%27s+Survey+of+Cinema%3A+Foreign+Language+Films%3B+Volume+4&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1568-%3C%2Fspan%3E1573&rft.pub=Salem+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-89356-247-5&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Konuma, p. 22–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hasebe, Yasuharu. (1998). Interviewed by Thomas and Yuko Mihara Weisser in Tokyo, 1999, in <i>Asian Cult Cinema</i>, #25, 4th Quarter, 1999, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchönherr2006" class="citation web cs1">Schönherr, Johannes (29 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midnighteye.com/features/company-matsuo-and-the-world-of-japanese-adult-video/">"Midnight Eye feature: Company Matsuo and the World of Japanese Adult Video"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Eye" title="Midnight Eye">Midnight Eye</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Midnight+Eye&rft.atitle=Midnight+Eye+feature%3A+Company+Matsuo+and+the+World+of+Japanese+Adult+Video&rft.date=2006-12-29&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6nherr&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midnighteye.com%2Ffeatures%2Fcompany-matsuo-and-the-world-of-japanese-adult-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weisser-29-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-29_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weisser-29_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, pp. 30, 63, 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 229</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 383.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, pp. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Macias, p. 188.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeze, Takahisa quoted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midnighteye.com/interviews/takahisa_zeze.shtml">"Takahisa Zeze interview"</a>. <i>midnighteye.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2007</span>. <q>Question: "Pink film is often seen as one of the last few reserves of the auteur. It is often said that as long as you deliver so many sex scenes in one hour, the director can fill the rest of the running time with whatever he wants. Is this true?" Zeze: "Yes it is. We believed it was true at the time, so we tried to make what we wanted to make..."<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=midnighteye.com&rft.atitle=Takahisa+Zeze+interview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midnighteye.com%2Finterviews%2Ftakahisa_zeze.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharp, <i>Behind the Pink Curtain</i>, p. 311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uplink.co.jp/pinkribbon/bangai.html#3">"3. The Appearance of AV, and the Death of Roman Porno: The Pink Film in Crisis (3. AVの登場とロマンポルノの終焉ピンク映画の危機（1982–1989） – <i>3. AV no tōjō to roman porno no shūen: pinku eiga no kiki (1982–1989)</i>)"</a> (in Japanese). biglobe.ne.jp<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2010</span>. <q>ピンク映画専門のミニコミ「New Zoom-Up」創刊。第一回ピンク大賞を選出し、授賞式を亀有名画座で行う</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3.+The+Appearance+of+AV%2C+and+the+Death+of+Roman+Porno%3A+The+Pink+Film+in+Crisis+%283.+AV%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BB%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%A8%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8E%E3%81%AE%E7%B5%82%E7%84%89+%E3%83%94%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E3%81%AE%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F%EF%BC%881982%E2%80%931989%EF%BC%89+%E2%80%93+3.+AV+no+t%C5%8Dj%C5%8D+to+roman+porno+no+sh%C5%ABen%3A+pinku+eiga+no+kiki+%281982%E2%80%931989%29%29&rft.pub=biglobe.ne.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uplink.co.jp%2Fpinkribbon%2Fbangai.html%233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharp2008" class="citation web cs1">Sharp, Jasper (4 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ff20081204r1.html">"Pink thrills: Japanese sex movies go global"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Times" title="The Japan Times">The Japan Times</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pink+thrills%3A+Japanese+sex+movies+go+global&rft.pub=The+Japan+Times&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.japantimes.co.jp%2Fcgi-bin%2Fff20081204r1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2004" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, Rod (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071002220632/http://fest06.sffs.org/films/film_details.php?id=35">"The Glamorous Life of Sachiko Hanai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_International_Film_Festival" title="San Francisco International Film Festival">San Francisco International Film Festival</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fest06.sffs.org/films/film_details.php?id=35">the original</a> on 2 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Glamorous+Life+of+Sachiko+Hanai&rft.pub=San+Francisco+International+Film+Festival&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffest06.sffs.org%2Ffilms%2Ffilm_details.php%3Fid%3D35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124210703/http://www.pinkfilm.co.kr/">"2008 핑크영화제 (Pink Film Festival)"</a> (in Korean). www.pinkfilm.co.kr. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinkfilm.co.kr/">the original</a> on 24 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+%ED%95%91%ED%81%AC%EC%98%81%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C+%28Pink+Film+Festival%29&rft.pub=www.pinkfilm.co.kr&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinkfilm.co.kr%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414025719/http://news.mk.co.kr/se/view.php?sc=30000023&cm=%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%C2%B7%EC%97%B0%EC%98%88%20%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC&year=2008&no=629748&selFlag=sc&relatedcode=&wonNo=&sID=507"><bdi lang="ko">여성들을 위한 핑크영화 사천왕이 뜬다</bdi></a> (in Korean). news.mk.co.kr. 15 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mk.co.kr/se/view.php?sc=30000023&cm=%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%C2%B7%EC%97%B0%EC%98%88%20%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94%EA%B8%B0%EC%82%AC&year=2008&no=629748&selFlag=sc&relatedcode=&wonNo=&sID=507">the original</a> on 14 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EB%93%A4%EC%9D%84+%EC%9C%84%ED%95%9C+%ED%95%91%ED%81%AC%EC%98%81%ED%99%94+%EC%82%AC%EC%B2%9C%EC%99%95%EC%9D%B4+%EB%9C%AC%EB%8B%A4&rft.pub=news.mk.co.kr&rft.date=2008-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.mk.co.kr%2Fse%2Fview.php%3Fsc%3D30000023%26cm%3D%25EB%25AC%25B8%25ED%2599%2594%25C2%25B7%25EC%2597%25B0%25EC%2598%2588%2520%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259A%2594%25EA%25B8%25B0%25EC%2582%25AC%26year%3D2008%26no%3D629748%26selFlag%3Dsc%26relatedcode%3D%26wonNo%3D%26sID%3D507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPark2008" class="citation web cs1">Park, Soo-mee (3 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3i2366138689b4ccf34478050b7dd49493">"Erotic film fest pushes the envelope in Korea: Pink Film Festival celebrates Japanese erotic satire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Erotic+film+fest+pushes+the+envelope+in+Korea%3A+Pink+Film+Festival+celebrates+Japanese+erotic+satire&rft.date=2008-11-03&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Soo-mee&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fhr%2Fcontent_display%2Fnews%2Fe3i2366138689b4ccf34478050b7dd49493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHendrix2009" class="citation web cs1">Hendrix, Grady (14 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212071824/http://varietyasiaonline.com/kaijushakedown/PINK-EIGA">"Pink Eiga"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://varietyasiaonline.com/kaijushakedown/PINK-EIGA">the original</a> on 12 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Pink+Eiga&rft.date=2009-01-14&rft.aulast=Hendrix&rft.aufirst=Grady&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvarietyasiaonline.com%2Fkaijushakedown%2FPINK-EIGA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/stray-cat-rock-delinquent-girl-boss-v701900">"Stray Cat Rock: Delinquent Girl Boss (1970) – | User Reviews | AllMovie"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stray+Cat+Rock%3A+Delinquent+Girl+Boss+%281970%29+%E2%80%93+%26%23124%3B+User+Reviews+%26%23124%3B+AllMovie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmovie.com%2Fmovie%2Fstray-cat-rock-delinquent-girl-boss-v701900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, pp. 417–418.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 507.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weisser, p. 448.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0437526/awards">Awards for Shusuke Kaneko</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20020521200339/http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g/history.htm">"Pink Films History"</a> (in Japanese). www2u.biglobe.ne.jp. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g/history.htm">the original</a> on 21 May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pink+Films+History&rft.pub=www2u.biglobe.ne.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2u.biglobe.ne.jp%2F~p-g%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span> "1980: 第一回ズームアップ映画賞開催"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pinkfest-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pinkfest_91-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131030094720/http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g/award/24_pinkfes/50th_schedule_new.html">"Pink Film Chronicle 1962–2012 -午後８時の映画祭"</a> (in Japanese). www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g/award/24_pinkfes/50th_schedule_new.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pink+Film+Chronicle+1962%E2%80%932012+-%E5%8D%88%E5%BE%8C%EF%BC%98%E6%99%82%E3%81%AE%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E7%A5%AD&rft.pub=www2u.biglobe.ne.jp%2F~p-g&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2u.biglobe.ne.jp%2F~p-g%2Faward%2F24_pinkfes%2F50th_schedule_new.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharp, p. 366</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228153634/http://xxx.xcity.jp/SHIN-TOHO/HISTORY/M_HINO/index.html">"Mayuko Hino"</a>. X City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xxx.xcity.jp/SHIN-TOHO/HISTORY/M_HINO/index.html">the original</a> on 28 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mayuko+Hino&rft.pub=X+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxxx.xcity.jp%2FSHIN-TOHO%2FHISTORY%2FM_HINO%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228154824/http://xxx.xcity.jp/SHIN-TOHO/HISTORY/N_OKA/index.html">"Naomi Oka"</a>. X City. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naomi+Oka&rft.pub=X+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxxx.xcity.jp%2FSHIN-TOHO%2FHISTORY%2FN_OKA%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uplink.co.jp/pinkribbon/bangai.html">"ピンク映画の歴史 – 1962～現在 (Pink movie history—1962–present)"</a> (in Japanese). www.uplink.co.jp<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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TIFF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tiff-jp.net/report/daily.php?itemid=596">the original</a> on 22 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%BB%9D%E7%94%B0%E6%B4%8B%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB+%28Director+Yojiro+Takita+profile%29&rft.pub=TIFF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tiff-jp.net%2Freport%2Fdaily.php%3Fitemid%3D596&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takita-pinkeiga-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Takita-pinkeiga_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Takita-pinkeiga_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017173832/http://www.pinkeiga.com/films/bios/yojiro-takita/">"Yojiro Takita"</a>. pinkeiga.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinkeiga.com/films/bios/yojiro-takita/">the original</a> on 17 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ygm-web.com/xxx/j-act/1984.html">the original</a> on 20 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Japanish+Erotica+%3C1984%3E&rft.pub=www.ygm-web.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ygm-web.com%2Fxxx%2Fj-act%2F1984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081021015248/http://www.dgj.or.jp/modules/contents9/index.php?id=9"><bdi lang="ja">2004春号「映画少年、映画少女」編集長石川均</bdi></a> (in Japanese). www.dgj.or.jp. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dgj.or.jp/modules/contents9/index.php?id=9">the original</a> on 21 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2004%E6%98%A5%E5%8F%B7%E3%80%8C%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E5%B0%91%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E6%98%A0%E7%94%BB%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3%E3%80%8D%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86%E9%95%B7+%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%9D%87&rft.pub=www.dgj.or.jp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgj.or.jp%2Fmodules%2Fcontents9%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221151552/http://www.skillededitors.com/pink/HTML/directors/daisuke_goto.html">"Daisuke Goto"</a>. PinkEiga. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skillededitors.com/pink/HTML/directors/daisuke_goto.html">the original</a> on 21 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Daisuke+Goto&rft.pub=PinkEiga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skillededitors.com%2Fpink%2FHTML%2Fdirectors%2Fdaisuke_goto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNornes2014" class="citation book cs1">Nornes, Markus, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193231/http://kinemaclub.org/pink-book-japanese-eroduction-and-its-contexts"><i>The Pink Book: The Japanese Eroduction and its Contexts</i></a> (2nd ed.). New Haven: Kinema Club. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kinemaclub.org/pink-book-japanese-eroduction-and-its-contexts">the original</a> on 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pink+Book%3A+The+Japanese+Eroduction+and+its+Contexts&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Kinema+Club&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkinemaclub.org%2Fpink-book-japanese-eroduction-and-its-contexts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDomenig2002" class="citation web cs1">Domenig, Roland (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041118094603/http://194.21.179.166/cecudine/fe_2002/eng/PinkEiga2002.htm">"Vital flesh: the mysterious world of Pink Eiga"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://194.21.179.166/cecudine/fe_2002/eng/PinkEiga2002.htm">the original</a> on 18 November 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vital+flesh%3A+the+mysterious+world+of+Pink+Eiga&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Domenig&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F194.21.179.166%2Fcecudine%2Ffe_2002%2Feng%2FPinkEiga2002.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2002" class="citation web cs1">Grossman, Andrew (April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130118152732/http://brightlightsfilm.com/">"The Japanese Pink Film: Tandem, the Bedroom, and The Dream of Garuda"</a>. <i>www.brightlightsfilm.com/</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/36/pinkfilms1.html">the original</a> on 18 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.brightlightsfilm.com%2F&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Pink+Film%3A+Tandem%2C+the+Bedroom%2C+and+The+Dream+of+Garuda&rft.date=2002-04&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brightlightsfilm.com%2F36%2Fpinkfilms1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarritz2006" class="citation web cs1">Harritz, Pia D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070702120500/http://www.medievidenskab-odense.dk/index.php?id=57">"Consuming the Female Body: Pinku Eiga and the case of Sagawa Issei"</a>. <i>mediavidenskab</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medievidenskab-odense.dk/index.php?id=57">the original</a> on 2 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mediavidenskab&rft.atitle=Consuming+the+Female+Body%3A+Pinku+Eiga+and+the+case+of+Sagawa+Issei&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Harritz&rft.aufirst=Pia+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medievidenskab-odense.dk%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacias2001" class="citation book cs1">Macias, Patrick (2001). <i>TokyoScope: The Japanese Cult Film Companion</i>. San Francisco: Cadence Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56931-681-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-56931-681-3"><bdi>1-56931-681-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=TokyoScope%3A+The+Japanese+Cult+Film+Companion&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Cadence+Books&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-56931-681-3&rft.aulast=Macias&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRichie1987" class="citation book cs1">Richie, Donald (1987) [1972]. "The Japanese Eroduction". <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateralviewessay00rich"><i>A Lateral View: Essays on Culture and Style in Contemporary Japan</i></a></span>. Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lateralviewessay00rich/page/156">156</a>–169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9628137-4-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-9628137-4-5"><bdi>0-9628137-4-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Japanese+Eroduction&rft.btitle=A+Lateral+View%3A+Essays+on+Culture+and+Style+in+Contemporary+Japan&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=156-169&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-9628137-4-5&rft.aulast=Richie&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flateralviewessay00rich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharp2008" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Jasper (2008). <i>Behind the Pink Curtain: The Complete History of Japanese Sex Cinema</i>. Guildford: FAB Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903254-54-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903254-54-7"><bdi>978-1-903254-54-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Pink+Curtain%3A+The+Complete+History+of+Japanese+Sex+Cinema&rft.place=Guildford&rft.pub=FAB+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-903254-54-7&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharp2004" class="citation web cs1">Sharp, Jasper (4 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120709070934/http://www.midnighteye.com/reviews/round-up_006.shtml">"Midnight Eye Round-Up, Pink Films special"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Eye" title="Midnight Eye">Midnight Eye</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midnighteye.com/reviews/round-up_006.shtml">the original</a> on 9 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Midnight+Eye&rft.atitle=Midnight+Eye+Round-Up%2C+Pink+Films+special&rft.date=2004-08-04&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Jasper&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midnighteye.com%2Freviews%2Fround-up_006.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVieillot2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vieillot, Martin (April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eigagogo.free.fr/Articles/Pinku/pinku_1.htm">"Nikkatsu roman-porno : gloire et décadence"</a> (in French). EigaGoGo!<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nikkatsu+roman-porno+%3A+gloire+et+d%C3%A9cadence&rft.pub=EigaGoGo%21&rft.date=2008-04&rft.aulast=Vieillot&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feigagogo.free.fr%2FArticles%2FPinku%2Fpinku_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisserYuko_Mihara_Weisser1998" class="citation book cs1">Weisser, Thomas; Yuko Mihara Weisser (1998). <i>Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films</i>. Miami: Vital Books: Asian Cult Cinema Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889288-52-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-889288-52-7"><bdi>1-889288-52-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Cinema+Encyclopedia%3A+The+Sex+Films&rft.place=Miami&rft.pub=Vital+Books%3A+Asian+Cult+Cinema+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-889288-52-7&rft.aulast=Weisser&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Yuko+Mihara+Weisser&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pink_film&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193231/http://kinemaclub.org/pink-book-japanese-eroduction-and-its-contexts">"The Pink Book: the Japanese Eroduction and Its Contexts"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kinemaclub.org/pink-book-japanese-eroduction-and-its-contexts">the original</a> on 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pink+Book%3A+the+Japanese+Eroduction+and+Its+Contexts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkinemaclub.org%2Fpink-book-japanese-eroduction-and-its-contexts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120805232025/http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/~p-g/menu.htm">P*G Web Site</a> (Currently the leading journal on pink film)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinkeiga.com">pinkeiga.com</a> Definitive resource for all things Pink Eiga outside Japan</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConnell2008" class="citation news cs1">Connell, Ryann (30 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080501150421/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/culture/waiwai/news/20080430p2g00m0dm001000c.html">"Famous blue movie theater turns to pink power to attract green youths"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">Mainichi Shimbun</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdn.mainichi.jp/culture/waiwai/news/20080430p2g00m0dm001000c.html">the original</a> on 1 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Famous+blue+movie+theater+turns+to+pink+power+to+attract+green+youths&rft.date=2008-04-30&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.aufirst=Ryann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdn.mainichi.jp%2Fculture%2Fwaiwai%2Fnews%2F20080430p2g00m0dm001000c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapage.noos.fr/descan/Pinku.htm">Extensive list of Pinku Eiga films</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKamuiX" class="citation web cs1">KamuiX. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infini-tropolis.com/articles/pv_intro.htm">"The World of Pinky Violence: An Intro"</a>. infini-tropolis.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Pinky+Violence%3A+An+Intro&rft.pub=infini-tropolis.com&rft.au=KamuiX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfini-tropolis.com%2Farticles%2Fpv_intro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://straycatrock.blogspot.com/">Fan site/blog/clips</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adultuz.com/forum">"Screen: Cinéma érotique Japonais"</a> (in French). www.adultuz.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Screen%3A+Cin%C3%A9ma+%C3%A9rotique+Japonais&rft.pub=www.adultuz.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adultuz.com%2Fforum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (Pink Film Database)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011214512/http://pinku.cho-yaba.com/pinku.php">"Pink Screen: Cinéma érotique Japonais"</a> (in French). pinku.cho-yaba.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinku.cho-yaba.com/pinku.php">the original</a> on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pink+Screen%3A+Cin%C3%A9ma+%C3%A9rotique+Japonais&rft.pub=pinku.cho-yaba.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpinku.cho-yaba.com%2Fpinku.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span> (Pink Film Database)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.hankooki.com/lpage/errotalk/200702/sp2007022322251365690.htm">"일본서브컬처탐방 로망포르노 – 제2회 (<i>Japanese Subcultures: Roman Porno – pt.1</i>)"</a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Hankook_Ilbo" title="Hankook Ilbo">Hankook Ilbo</a>. 23 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%84%9C%EB%B8%8C%EC%BB%AC%EC%B2%98%ED%83%90%EB%B0%A9+%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%9D%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8+%E2%80%93+%EC%A0%9C2%ED%9A%8C+%28Japanese+Subcultures%3A+Roman+Porno+%E2%80%93+pt.1%29&rft.date=2007-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.hankooki.com%2Flpage%2Ferrotalk%2F200702%2Fsp2007022322251365690.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.hankooki.com/lpage/errotalk/200703/sp2007030305104865690.htm">"일본서브컬처탐방 로망포르노 – 제2회 (<i>Japanese Subcultures: Roman Porno – pt.2</i>)"</a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Hankook_Ilbo" title="Hankook Ilbo">Hankook Ilbo</a>. 3 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8%EC%84%9C%EB%B8%8C%EC%BB%AC%EC%B2%98%ED%83%90%EB%B0%A9+%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%9D%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8+%E2%80%93+%EC%A0%9C2%ED%9A%8C+%28Japanese+Subcultures%3A+Roman+Porno+%E2%80%93+pt.2%29&rft.date=2007-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.hankooki.com%2Flpage%2Ferrotalk%2F200703%2Fsp2007030305104865690.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.hankooki.com/lpage/errotalk/200703/sp2007030722021665690.htm">"로망포르노와 핑크영화 (<i>Roman Porno and Pink films</i> pt.3)"</a> (in Korean). <a href="/wiki/Hankook_Ilbo" title="Hankook Ilbo">Hankook Ilbo</a>. 7 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%9D%ED%8F%AC%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8%EC%99%80+%ED%95%91%ED%81%AC%EC%98%81%ED%99%94+%28Roman+Porno+and+Pink+films+pt.3%29&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.hankooki.com%2Flpage%2Ferrotalk%2F200703%2Fsp2007030722021665690.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APink+film" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_erotic_cinema93" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_erotic_cinema" title="Template:Japanese erotic cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_erotic_cinema" title="Template talk:Japanese erotic cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_erotic_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese erotic cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_erotic_cinema93" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Japanese erotic cinema</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_sexploitation_films" title="List of Japanese sexploitation films">List of Japanese sexploitation films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nikkatsu_Roman_Porno_films" title="List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films">List of Nikkatsu Roman Porno films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adult video (AV)<br />studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Japan" title="Alice Japan">Alice Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_Eizou" title="Athena Eizou">Athena Eizou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas21" title="Atlas21">Atlas21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attackers" title="Attackers">Attackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CineMagic_Co." title="CineMagic Co.">CineMagic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_(studio)" title="Cross (studio)">Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal-Eizou" title="Crystal-Eizou">Crystal-Eizou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Das_(studio)" title="Das (studio)">DAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_(studio)" title="Dogma (studio)">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_Quest" title="Glory Quest">Glory Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokuto_Corporation" title="Hokuto Corporation">Hokuto Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Entertainment" title="Hot Entertainment">Hot Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IdeaPocket" title="IdeaPocket">IdeaPocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Home_Video" title="Japan Home Video">Japan Home Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KM_Produce" title="KM Produce">KMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_Inc." title="Kuki Inc.">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_(studio)" title="Madonna (studio)">Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max-A" title="Max-A">Max-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxing" title="Maxing">Maxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Station_(company)" title="Media Station (company)">Media Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Film" title="Million Film">Million Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodyz" title="Moodyz">Moodyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Works" title="Real Works">Real Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S1_No._1_Style" title="S1 No. 1 Style">S1 No. 1 Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_Japan" title="Shuttle Japan">Shuttle Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_On_Demand" title="Soft On Demand">Soft On Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Media_Agency" title="Total Media Agency">TMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Try-Heart_Corporation" title="Try-Heart Corporation">Try-Heart Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%26R_Planning" title="V&R Planning">V&R Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waap_Entertainment" title="Waap Entertainment">Waap Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanz_Factory" title="Wanz Factory">Wanz Factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.m.p._(Japan)" title="H.m.p. (Japan)">h.m.p.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pink film studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikkatsu" title="Nikkatsu">Nikkatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OP_Eiga" title="OP Eiga">OP Eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toei_Company" title="Toei Company">Toei Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_Broadcasting_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Broadcasting Awards">Adult Broadcasting Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Adult_Video_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Adult Video Awards">Japanese Adult Video Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Grand_Prix" title="Pink Grand Prix">Pink Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Ribbon_Awards" title="Pinky Ribbon Awards">Pinky Ribbon Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_erotic_computer_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Japanese erotic computer games">List of Japanese erotic computer games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_gravure_idols" title="List of Japanese gravure idols">List of Japanese gravure idols</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AV_Open" title="AV Open">AV Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AV_idol" title="AV idol">AV idol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukkake_(sex_act)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bukkake (sex act)">Bukkake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_adult_videos_in_Japan" title="Chronology of adult videos in Japan">Chronology of adult videos in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosplay" title="Cosplay">Cosplay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_play" title="Food play">Wakamezake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futanari" title="Futanari">Futanari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganari_Takahashi" title="Ganari Takahashi">Ganari Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokkun" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokkun">Gokkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamedori" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamedori">Hamedori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_bondage" title="Japanese bondage">Japanese bondage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Contents_Review_Center" title="Japan Contents Review Center">Japan Contents Review Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_idol" title="Junior idol">Junior idol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotion_play" title="Lotion play">Lotion play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_celebrity#Net_idol" title="Internet celebrity">Net idol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Ethics_of_Video_Association" title="Nihon Ethics of Video Association">Nihon Ethics of Video Association (NEVA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyotaimori" title="Nyotaimori">Nyotaimori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omorashi" title="Omorashi">Omorashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchira" title="Panchira">Panchira</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pink film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Pornography in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunga_(art)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunga (art)">Shunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shungo_Kaji" title="Shungo Kaji">Shungo Kaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamakeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamakeri">Tamakeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarento" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarento">Tarento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushiro_Takatekote" class="mw-redirect" title="Ushiro Takatekote">Ushiro Takatekote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Cinema_of_Japan174" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cinema_of_Japan" title="Template:Cinema of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cinema_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Cinema of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cinema_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cinema of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Cinema_of_Japan174" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_movie_studios" title="List of Japanese movie studios">Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major seven</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kinema_Junpo" title="Kinema Junpo">Kinema Junpo Awards</a> (since 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Film_Awards" title="Mainichi Film Awards">Mainichi Film Awards</a> (since 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ribbon_Awards" title="Blue Ribbon Awards">Blue Ribbon Awards</a> (since 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hochi_Film_Awards" title="Hochi Film Awards">Hochi Film Awards</a> (since 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Academy_Film_Prize" title="Japan Academy Film Prize">Japan Academy Film Prize</a> (since 1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Film_Festival" title="Yokohama Film Festival">Yokohama Film Festival</a> (since 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkan_Sports_Film_Awards" title="Nikkan Sports Film Awards">Nikkan Sports Film Awards</a> (since 1988)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>Others</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa_Memorial_Short_Film_Competition" title="Akira Kurosawa Memorial Short Film Competition">Akira Kurosawa Memorial Short Film Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunshun_Kiichigo_Awards" title="Bunshun Kiichigo Awards">Bunshun Kiichigo Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_Japan_New_Directors_Award" title="Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award">Directors Guild of Japan New Directors Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elan_d%27or_Awards" title="Elan d'or Awards">Elan d'or Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Arrow_Award" title="Golden Arrow Award">Golden Arrow Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Movie_Critics_Awards" title="Japanese Movie Critics Awards">Japanese Movie Critics Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Professional_Movie_Awards" title="Japanese Professional Movie Awards">Japanese Professional Movie Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Japan_film_clapperboard.svg/50px-Japan_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Japan_film_clapperboard.svg/75px-Japan_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Japan_film_clapperboard.svg/100px-Japan_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai cinema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pink film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendency_film" title="Tendency film">Tendency film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza film</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By decade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_before_1910" title="List of Japanese films before 1910">pre-1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1910s" title="List of Japanese films of the 1910s">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1920s" title="List of Japanese films of the 1920s">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1930s" title="List of Japanese films of the 1930s">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1940s" title="List of Japanese films of the 1940s">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1950s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1960s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1970s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1980s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_1990s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_2000s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_2010s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 2010s">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Japanese_films_of_the_2020s" title="Lists of Japanese films of the 2020s">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b>By year</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1950" title="List of Japanese films of 1950">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1951" title="List of Japanese films of 1951">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1952" title="List of Japanese films of 1952">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1953" title="List of Japanese films of 1953">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1954" title="List of Japanese films of 1954">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1955" title="List of Japanese films of 1955">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1956" title="List of Japanese films of 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1957" title="List of Japanese films of 1957">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1958" title="List of Japanese films of 1958">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1959" title="List of Japanese films of 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1960" title="List of Japanese films of 1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1961" title="List of Japanese films of 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1962" title="List of Japanese films of 1962">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1963" title="List of Japanese films of 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1964" title="List of Japanese films of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1965" title="List of Japanese films of 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1966" title="List of Japanese films of 1966">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1967" title="List of Japanese films of 1967">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1968" title="List of Japanese films of 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1969" title="List of Japanese films of 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1970" title="List of Japanese films of 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1971" title="List of Japanese films of 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1972" title="List of Japanese films of 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1973" title="List of Japanese films of 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1974" title="List of Japanese films of 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1975" title="List of Japanese films of 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1976" title="List of Japanese films of 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1977" title="List of Japanese films of 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1978" title="List of Japanese films of 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1979" title="List of Japanese films of 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1980" title="List of Japanese films of 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1981" title="List of Japanese films of 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1982" title="List of Japanese films of 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1983" title="List of Japanese films of 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1984" title="List of Japanese films of 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1985" title="List of Japanese films of 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1986" title="List of Japanese films of 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1987" title="List of Japanese films of 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1988" title="List of Japanese films of 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1989" title="List of Japanese films of 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1990" title="List of Japanese films of 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1991" title="List of Japanese films of 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1992" title="List of Japanese films of 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1993" title="List of Japanese films of 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1994" title="List of Japanese films of 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1995" title="List of Japanese films of 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1996" title="List of Japanese films of 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1997" title="List of Japanese films of 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1998" title="List of Japanese films of 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_1999" title="List of Japanese films of 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2000" title="List of Japanese films of 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2001" title="List of Japanese films of 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2002" title="List of Japanese films of 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2003" title="List of Japanese films of 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2004" title="List of Japanese films of 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2005" title="List of Japanese films of 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2006" title="List of Japanese films of 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2007" title="List of Japanese films of 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2008" title="List of Japanese films of 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2009" title="List of Japanese films of 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2010" title="List of Japanese films of 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2011" title="List of Japanese films of 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2012" title="List of Japanese films of 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2013" title="List of Japanese films of 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2014" title="List of Japanese films of 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2015" title="List of Japanese films of 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2016" title="List of Japanese films of 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2017" title="List of Japanese films of 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2018" title="List of Japanese films of 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2019" title="List of Japanese films of 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2020" title="List of Japanese films of 2020">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2021" title="List of Japanese films of 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2022" title="List of Japanese films of 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2023" title="List of Japanese films of 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2024" title="List of Japanese films of 2024">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2025" title="List of Japanese films of 2025">2025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_films_of_2026" title="List of Japanese films of 2026">2026</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_Japanese_films" title="List of highest-grossing Japanese films">List of highest-grossing Japanese films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films_in_Japan" title="List of highest-grossing films in Japan">List of highest-grossing films in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Japanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">List of Japanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_film_directors" title="List of Japanese film directors">List of Japanese film directors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Box office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunchyroll" title="Crunchyroll">Crunchyroll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainichi_cinema" title="Zainichi cinema">Zainichi cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Film_genres257" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Film_genres" title="Template:Film genres"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Film_genres" title="Template talk:Film genres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Film_genres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Film genres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Film_genres257" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">Film</a> <a href="/wiki/Film_genre" title="Film genre">genres</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_action_cinema" title="Hong Kong action cinema">Hong Kong action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventure_film" title="Adventure film">Adventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_film" title="Biographical film">Biographical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_film_industry" title="Christian film industry">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_film" title="Comedy film">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_comedy" title="Action comedy">Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Sexy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_out" title="Gross out">Gross out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parody_film" title="Parody film">Parody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_lei_tau" title="Mo lei tau">Mo lei tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_(genre)" title="Thriller (genre)">Thriller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_of_remarriage" title="Comedy of remarriage">Remarriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_comedy" title="Sex comedy">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwball_comedy" title="Screwball comedy">Screwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_comedy" title="Silent comedy">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapstick_film" title="Slapstick film">Slapstick</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_symphony" title="City symphony">City symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docudrama" title="Docudrama">Docudrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_film" title="Mondo film">Mondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-documentary" title="Pseudo-documentary">Pseudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_essay" title="Video essay">Video essay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">Drama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_drama" title="Comedy drama">Dramedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_drama" title="Historical drama">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drama" title="Legal drama">Legal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_in_film" title="Sex in film">Erotic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_film" title="Educational film">Educational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_guidance_film" title="Social guidance film">Social guidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">Epic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Exploitation_film" title="Template:Exploitation film">see <i>Exploitation film template</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_film" title="Fantasy film">Fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_comedy" title="Fantasy comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_fantasy" title="Contemporary fantasy">Contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_fantasy" title="High fantasy">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fantasy" title="Historical fantasy">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_noir" title="Film noir">Film noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-noir" title="Neo-noir">Neo-noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_noir" title="Pulp noir">Pulp noir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Gothic" title="Urban Gothic">Urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_film" title="Horror film">Horror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_horror" title="Art horror">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_body_horror_media" title="List of body horror media">Body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_horror_film" title="Chinese horror film">Chinese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_horror" title="Christmas horror">Christmas horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_horror" title="Comedy horror">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eco-horror_films" title="List of eco-horror films">Eco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_giallo_films" title="List of giallo films">List of films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_holiday_horror_films" title="List of holiday horror films">Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_horror" title="Japanese horror">Japanese horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_horror" title="Korean horror">Korean horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovecraftian_horror" title="Lovecraftian horror">Lovecraftian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodrama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodrama film">Melodrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_melodrama" title="Korean melodrama">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_horror_films" title="List of natural horror films">Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_horror_films" title="Gender in horror films">Psycho-biddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_horror" title="Psychological horror">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">Slasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splatter_film" title="Splatter film">Splatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanic_film" title="Satanic film">Satanic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">Musical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_musical" title="Arthouse musical">Arthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backstage_musical" title="Backstage musical">Backstage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jukebox_musical" title="Jukebox musical">Jukebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicarello" title="Musicarello">Musicarello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operetta_film" title="Operetta film">Operetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_film" title="Mystery film">Mystery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occult_detective_fiction" title="Occult detective fiction">Occult detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whodunit" title="Whodunit">Whodunit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover fiction">Crossover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Pornographic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_pornography" title="Hardcore pornography">Hardcore pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softcore_pornography" title="Softcore pornography">Softcore pornography</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Malayalam_softcore_pornography" title="Malayalam softcore pornography">Malayalam</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_film" title="Propaganda film">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reality_film" title="Reality film">Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">Romantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bromantic_comedy" title="Bromantic comedy">Bromantic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_fantasy" title="Romantic fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranormal_romance" title="Paranormal romance">Paranormal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Science fiction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_science_fiction_film" title="Arthouse science fiction film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastique" title="Fantastique">Fantastique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_horror_films" title="List of science fiction horror films">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_film" title="Survival film">Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thriller_film" title="Thriller film">Thriller</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_thriller" title="Comedy thriller">Comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_thriller" title="Erotic thriller">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_thriller" title="Financial thriller">Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giallo" title="Giallo">Giallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_thriller" title="Legal thriller">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_thriller" title="Political thriller">Political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_thriller" title="Psychological thriller">Psychological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_thriller" title="Romantic thriller">Romantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_cinema" title="Extreme cinema">Extreme cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick_film" title="Trick film">Trick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By theme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_animals" title="List of films about animals">Animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_party_film" title="Beach party film">Beach party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_swap" title="Body swap">Body swap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_film" title="Buddy film">Buddy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_cop" title="Buddy cop">Buddy cop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_buddy_film" title="Female buddy film">Female</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicano_films" title="List of Chicano films">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_cinema" title="Colonial cinema">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coming-of-age_story" title="Coming-of-age story">Coming-of-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_film" title="Concert film">Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_film" title="Crime film">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">Detective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangster_film" title="Gangster film">Gangster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Gentleman thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokud%C5%8D" title="Gokudō">Gokudō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong%27an_fiction" title="Gong'an fiction">Gong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heist_film" title="Heist film">Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_bloodshed" title="Heroic bloodshed">Heroic bloodshed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hood_film" title="Hood film">Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_film" title="Mafia film">Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_comedy_film" title="Mafia comedy film">Mafia comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_underworld_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Mumbai underworld film">Mumbai underworld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuza_film" title="Yakuza film">Yakuza</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_film" title="Dance in film">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">Disaster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apocalyptic_films" title="List of apocalyptic films">Apocalyptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drug_films" title="List of drug films">Drug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_film" title="Psychedelic film">Psychedelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_films" title="List of dystopian films">Dystopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecchi" title="Ecchi">Ecchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">Exploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">Blaxploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexploitation" title="Mexploitation">Mexploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_extraterrestrials" title="List of films featuring extraterrestrials">Extraterrestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_food_and_drink" title="List of films about food and drink">Food and drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai-geki" title="Gendai-geki">Gendai-geki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ghost_films" title="List of ghost films">Ghost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goona-goona_epic" title="Goona-goona epic">Goona-goona epic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_film" title="Gothic film">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_romance_film" title="Gothic romance film">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic science fiction">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Gothic" title="Suburban Gothic">Suburban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girls_with_guns" title="Girls with guns">Girls with guns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentai" title="Hentai">Hentai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tentacle_erotica" title="Tentacle erotica">Tentacle erotica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jidaigeki" title="Jidaigeki">Jidaigeki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samurai_cinema" title="Samurai cinema">Samurai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">Kaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBTQ-related_films" title="List of LGBTQ-related films">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaoi">Yaoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_(genre)" title="Yuri (genre)">Yuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchador_films" title="Luchador films">Luchador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_girl" title="Magical girl">Magical girl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">Martial arts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruceploitation" title="Bruceploitation">Bruceploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopsocky" title="Chopsocky">Chopsocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_fu" title="Gun fu">Gun fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kung_fu_film" title="Kung fu film">Kung fu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ninja_films" title="List of ninja films">Ninja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxia" title="Wuxia">Wuxia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_movie" title="Monster movie">Monster</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_giant_monsters" title="List of films featuring giant monsters">Giant monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mummy_films" title="List of mummy films">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vampire_film" title="Vampire film">Vampire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zombie_films" title="List of zombie films">Zombie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zombie_comedy" title="Zombie comedy">Zombie comedy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_film" title="Mountain film">Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_da_Boca_do_Lixo" title="Cinema da Boca do Lixo">Mouth of Garbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_social" title="Muslim social">Muslim social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_documentary" title="Nature documentary">Nature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_films" title="List of environmental films">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_film" title="Opera film">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozploitation" title="Ozploitation">Ozploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_film" title="Partisan film">Partisan film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_film" title="Prison film">Prison</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_prison_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in prison film">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_and_revenge_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Rape and revenge film">Rape and revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_movie" title="Road movie">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%BCmmerfilm" title="Trümmerfilm">Rubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumberas_film" title="Rumberas film">Rumberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexploitation_film" title="Sexploitation film">Sexploitation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_porn" title="Bavarian porn">Bavarian porn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_sexy_all%27italiana" title="Commedia sexy all'italiana">Commedia sexy all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_sex_comedy" title="Mexican sex comedy">Mexican sex comedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_exploitation" title="Nazi exploitation">Nazi exploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornochanchada" title="Pornochanchada">Pornochanchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunsploitation" title="Nunsploitation">Nunsploitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_report_film" title="Sex report film">Sex report</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshimin-eiga" title="Shoshimin-eiga">Shoshimin-eiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_slavery" title="List of films featuring slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slice_of_life" title="Slice of life">Slice of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snuff_film" title="Snuff film">Snuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Seas_genre" title="South Seas genre">South Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_film" title="Sports film">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spy_film" title="Spy film">Spy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurospy_film" title="Eurospy film">Eurospy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_film" title="Surf film">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swashbuckler_film" title="Swashbuckler film">Swashbuckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_sorcery" title="Sword and sorcery">Sword and sorcery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">Travel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imaginary_voyage" title="Imaginary voyage">imaginary voyage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_film" title="Trial film">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilante_film" title="Vigilante film">Vigilante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anti-war_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of anti-war films">Anti-war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_War" title="Euro War">Euro War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_films" title="Submarine films">Submarine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_film" title="Western film">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_Western" title="Acid Western">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Western" title="Contemporary Western">Contemporary Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacoit_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacoit Western">Dacoit Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy Western">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Western" title="Florida Western">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_Western" title="Horror Western">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Western" title="Australian Western">Meat pie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_(genre)" title="Northern (genre)">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostern" title="Ostern">Ostern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Western" title="Revisionist Western">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_Western" title="Science fiction Western">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_cowboy" title="Singing cowboy">Singing cowboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_West" title="Weird West">Weird Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapata_Western" class="mw-redirect" title="Zapata Western">Zapata Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By movement <br /> or period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute film">Absolute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_eccentric_cinema" title="American eccentric cinema">American eccentric cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_New_Wave" title="Australian New Wave">Australian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteur" title="Auteur">Auteur films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_School_(filmmaking)" title="Berlin School (filmmaking)">Berlin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas_film" title="Bourekas film">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton_School_(filmmaking)" title="Brighton School (filmmaking)">Brighton School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_New_Wave" title="British New Wave">British New Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_school" title="Budapest school">Budapest school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligrafismo" title="Calligrafismo">Calligrafismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannibal_film" title="Cannibal film">Cannibal boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_du_look" title="Cinéma du look">Cinéma du look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Novo" title="Cinema Novo">Cinema Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Transgression" title="Cinema of Transgression">Cinema of Transgression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commedia_all%27italiana" title="Commedia all'italiana">Commedia all'italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_New_Wave" title="Czechoslovak New Wave">Czechoslovak New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_Film_Movement" title="Documentary Film Movement">Documentary Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Erra Cinema">Erra Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_art_cinema" title="European art cinema">European art cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_d%27art" title="Film d'art">Film d'art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_gris" title="Film gris">Film gris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cinema" title="Free Cinema">Free Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">French New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_expressionist_cinema" title="German expressionist cinema">German Expressionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_underground_horror" title="German underground horror">German underground horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Nigerian_Cinema" title="Golden Age of Nigerian Cinema">Nigerian Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupo_Cine_Liberaci%C3%B3n" title="Grupo Cine Liberación">Grupo Cine Liberación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimatfilm" title="Heimatfilm">Heimatfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_the_Tiber" title="Hollywood on the Tiber">Hollywood on the Tiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_New_Wave" title="Hong Kong New Wave">Hong Kong New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiewood" title="Indiewood">Indiewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_New_Wave" title="Iranian New Wave">Iranian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_futurism_in_cinema" title="Italian futurism in cinema">Italian futurist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Wave" title="Japanese New Wave">Japanese New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammerspielfilm" title="Kammerspielfilm">Kammerspielfilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Rebellion" title="L.A. Rebellion">L.A. Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumblecore" title="Mumblecore">Mumblecore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Extremity" class="mw-redirect" title="New Extremity">New French Extremity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_German_Cinema" title="New German Cinema">New German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_generation_(Malayalam_film_movement)" title="New generation (Malayalam film movement)">New generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hollywood" title="New Hollywood">New Hollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nigerian_Cinema" title="New Nigerian Cinema">New Nollywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity_(filmmaking)" title="New Objectivity (filmmaking)">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_queer_cinema" title="New queer cinema">New Queer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Wave_Cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="No Wave Cinema">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Cine_Mexicano" title="Nuevo Cine Mexicano">Nuevo Cine Mexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indian_film" title="Pan-Indian film">Pan-Indian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_cinema" title="Parallel cinema">Parallel cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmfarsi" title="Filmfarsi">Persian Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Film_School" title="Polish Film School">Polish Film School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poliziotteschi" title="Poliziotteschi">Poliziotteschi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prague_film_school" title="The Prague film school">The Prague film school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_film" title="Prussian film">Prussian film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Film_Movement" title="Pure Film Movement">Pure Film Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_New_Wave" title="Romanian New Wave">Romanian New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaghetti_Western" title="Spaghetti Western">Spaghetti Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_sink_realism" title="Kitchen sink realism">Kitchen sink realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_parallel_cinema" title="Soviet parallel cinema">Soviet parallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword-and-sandal" title="Sword-and-sandal">Sword-and-sandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telefoni_Bianchi" title="Telefoni Bianchi">Telefoni Bianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Cinema" title="Third Cinema">Third Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_New_Wave" title="Toronto New Wave">Toronto New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Black_Wave" title="Yugoslav Black Wave">Yugoslav Black Wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By demographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pornographic_film" title="Pornographic film">Adult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_film" title="Children's film">Children and family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_anime_and_manga" title="Children's anime and manga">Anime</a></li></ul></li> <li>Men <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_film" title="Stag film">Stag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_film" title="Teen film">Teen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djo_manga" title="Shōjo manga">Shōjo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_film" title="Woman's film">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chick_flick" title="Chick flick">Chick flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josei_manga" title="Josei manga">Josei</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By format,<br /> technique,<br /> approach,<br /> or production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_film" title="3D film">3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actuality_film" title="Actuality film">Actuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthouse_animation" title="Arthouse animation">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthology_film" title="Anthology film">Anthology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B_movie" title="B movie">B movie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">Behind-the-scenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">Blockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9" title="Cinéma vérité">Cinéma vérité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">Classical Hollywood cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collage_film" title="Collage film">Collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compilation_film" title="Compilation film">Compilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_film" title="Composite film">Composite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screenlife" title="Screenlife">Computer screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cult_film" title="Cult film">Cult</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movie" title="Midnight movie">midnight movie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_cinema" title="Database cinema">Database cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Docufiction" title="Docufiction">Docufiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofiction" title="Ethnofiction">Ethnofiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feature_film" title="Feature film">Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featurette" title="Featurette">Featurette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_%C3%A0_clef" title="Film à clef">Film à clef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film-poem" title="Film-poem">Film-poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Found_footage_(film_technique)" title="Found footage (film technique)">Found footage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperlink_cinema" title="Hyperlink cinema">Hyperlink cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">Independent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_filmmaking" title="Guerrilla filmmaking">Guerrilla filmmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_independent_films" title="List of American independent films">List of American independent films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstitial_art" title="Interstitial art">Interstitial art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">Live action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">animation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">Low-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">Major film studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_film" title="Masala film">Masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximalist_film" title="Maximalist film">Maximalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_picture" title="Message picture">Message picture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metacinema" title="Metacinema">Meta-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_film" title="Minimalist film">Minimalist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockbuster" title="Mockbuster">Mockbuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musical_short" title="Musical short">Musical short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythopoeia" title="Mythopoeia">Mythopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neorealist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-budget_film" title="No-budget film">No-budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-shot_film" title="One-shot film">One-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracinema" title="Paracinema">Paracinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Participatory_cinema" title="Participatory cinema">Participatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_film" title="Poetry film">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire_(film_and_television)" title="Satire (film and television)">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sceneggiata" title="Sceneggiata">Sceneggiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semidocumentary" title="Semidocumentary">Semidocumentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_film" title="Serial film">Serial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinpa" title="Shinpa">Shinpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_film" title="Short film">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">Silent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_cinema" title="Slow cinema">Slow cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_film" title="Underground film">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_nasty" title="Video nasty">Video nasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgar_auteurism" title="Vulgar auteurism">Vulgar auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_movie" title="Z movie">Z movie</a></li></ul> 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