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{"work":{"id":9655190,"created_at":"2014-12-06T22:48:17.430-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T15:48:57.660-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"This short article takes a fresh approach to untangle Livy's two 'snapshots' of the early Roman Republican army supposedly c.550 BC; and 340 BC and resolves interpretation of 'rorarii' and 'accensi' in the latter and points to anachronisms in the former as described by Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus","more_info":"Tags : Roman army; early Roman Republic; Livy; Dionysius of Halicarnassus; Hastati; Principes; Triarii; Rorarii; Accensi; Leves; Equites"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Army of the Early Roman Republic: A fresh approach","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [1211369]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket 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class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">This short article takes a fresh approach to untangle Livy's two 'snapshots' of the early Roman Republican army supposedly c.550 BC; and 340 BC and resolves interpretation of 'rorarii' and 'accensi' in the latter and points to anachronisms in the former as described by Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":35853527,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/9655190/The_Army_of_the_Early_Roman_Republic_A_fresh_approach"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" 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Fronda (eds.) Romans at War: Soldiers, Citizens, and Society in the Roman Republic. Routledge: London., 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This volume addresses the fundamental importance of the army, warfare, and military service to the development of both the Roman Republic and wider Italic society in the second half of the first millennium BC. It brings together emerging and established scholars in the area of Roman military studies to engage with subjects such as the relationship between warfare and economic and demographic regimes; the interplay of war, aristocratic politics, and state formation; and the complex role the military played in the integration of Italy. The book demonstrates the centrality of war to Rome's internal and external relationships during the Republic, as well as to the Romans' sense of identity and history. 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There is little information about the military organisation of the Romans between 753 and 509 BC. However, some written historical sources have enabled us to reconstruct some aspects of the military life in early Rome. The Indo-European studies and the comparative mythology of the Indo-European peoples also help to understand how the warrior function was valued in early Roman society. Like the other Indo-European peoples, the Romans structured their society in a system reflecting the ideology of the three functions represented, according to G. Dumézil, by the priests, warriors and herdsmen-cultivators. The same conception can be found at the theological level, within the triad Jupiter, Mars, Quirinus, the most important gods of Rome. Romulus, the founder of Rome, is the son of the god Mars, thereby consecrating the predominance of the warlike function wi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Roman Army during the Regal Period","attachmentId":89179529,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84016905/The_Roman_Army_during_the_Regal_Period","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84016905/The_Roman_Army_during_the_Regal_Period"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="37733225" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37733225/THE_EQUIPEMENT_OF_THE_ROMAN_ARMY_IN_THE_FIRST_TWO_CENTURIES_OF_THE_SECOND_MILLENNIUM_ESSAY_Coordinator_Professor_Auxiliar_Departamento_de_Hist%C3%B3ria">THE EQUIPEMENT OF THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE FIRST TWO CENTURIES OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM ESSAY Coordinator: Professor Auxiliar (Departamento de História</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="46462852" href="https://ulbsibiu.academia.edu/TudorUrea">Tudor Urea</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The paper aims the study of the equipment of the Roman Army in the first two centuries of the second millennium. It is the peak period of the Roman Empire. Roman Empire attained its greatest expansion under the emperor Trajan. From England to Africa and from Syria to Spain, one in every four people on earth lived and died under Roman law.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE EQUIPEMENT OF THE ROMAN ARMY IN THE FIRST TWO CENTURIES OF THE SECOND MILLENNIUM ESSAY Coordinator: Professor Auxiliar (Departamento de História","attachmentId":57727640,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/37733225/THE_EQUIPEMENT_OF_THE_ROMAN_ARMY_IN_THE_FIRST_TWO_CENTURIES_OF_THE_SECOND_MILLENNIUM_ESSAY_Coordinator_Professor_Auxiliar_Departamento_de_Hist%C3%B3ria","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/37733225/THE_EQUIPEMENT_OF_THE_ROMAN_ARMY_IN_THE_FIRST_TWO_CENTURIES_OF_THE_SECOND_MILLENNIUM_ESSAY_Coordinator_Professor_Auxiliar_Departamento_de_Hist%C3%B3ria"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="21875849" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21875849/Comitatenses_in_Y_Le_Bohec_dir_The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Roman_Army_Chichester_2015">Comitatenses, in Y. Le Bohec (dir.), The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army, Chichester, 2015</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3362269" href="https://univ-tours.academia.edu/SylvainJANNIARD">Sylvain JANNIARD</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Notice dans Y. Le Bohec (dir.), The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army, Chichester, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Comitatenses, in Y. Le Bohec (dir.), The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army, Chichester, 2015","attachmentId":42614561,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21875849/Comitatenses_in_Y_Le_Bohec_dir_The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Roman_Army_Chichester_2015","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21875849/Comitatenses_in_Y_Le_Bohec_dir_The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Roman_Army_Chichester_2015"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="6256231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6256231/The_Early_Roman_Army">The Early Roman Army</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9641968" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomDegenhart">Tom Degenhart</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">After the sack of Rome by the Gauls in 390 B.C., the Romans weighed one thousand pounds of gold in tribute to their enemy in order that they leave Rome. However, they were angered when observing Brennus, the leader of the Gauls, using heavier scales than what was standard to weigh the gold. In response to their protests, Brennus placed his sword on the scale and replied, "Vea Victis," or "Woe to the vanquished." Despite this disaster in Roman history, the Romans would prove then and continually afterward, that their ability to adapt and learn from their losses would be one of the trademarks to their military success as an empire. 1 From 390 B.C. through the era of Augustus Caesar ending in 14 A.D., Rome would suffer several defeats and adversities that would have often crippled many ancient states, yet Rome flourished. Through it all, the Roman Army would be at the center of Rome"s power and become the standard used by the emperors to establish imperial order. 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The following will demonstrate that political, social and military burdens during the late Republic were the central dynamics causing Rome"s military to advance into the first professional army which helped topple the Republic and forge the Empire.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Early Roman Army","attachmentId":33113324,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6256231/The_Early_Roman_Army","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6256231/The_Early_Roman_Army"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="30881349" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30881349/POLITICS_THE_ARMY_AND_THE_FALL_OF_THE_ROMAN_REPUBLIC">POLITICS, THE ARMY, AND THE FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="111649" href="https://usna.academia.edu/RichardAbels">Richard Abels</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Another teaching document for teaching the West in the Premodern World</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"POLITICS, THE ARMY, AND THE FALL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC","attachmentId":51307556,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30881349/POLITICS_THE_ARMY_AND_THE_FALL_OF_THE_ROMAN_REPUBLIC","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30881349/POLITICS_THE_ARMY_AND_THE_FALL_OF_THE_ROMAN_REPUBLIC"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35853527,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":35853527,"attachmentType":"doc","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_35853527" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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