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Severe COVID: Mental illness incidence worse for unvaccinated people | Fortune Well
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><title>Severe COVID: Mental illness incidence worse for unvaccinated people | Fortune Well</title><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#FFFFFF"/><meta name="description" content="The COVID-19 vaccine may protect against the coronavirus’s adverse effects on mental health, according to a new study in JAMA Psychiatry."/><meta name="author" content="Lindsey Leake"/><meta name="keywords" content=""/><meta property="og:url" content="https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-19-mental-illness-vaccine-anxiety-depression-ptsd-addiction/"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta property="og:title" content="COVID is associated with mental illness. It’s worse for unvaccinated people, shows study of 18.6 million adults"/><meta property="og:description" content="An analysis of more than 18.6 million people suggests the COVID-19 vaccine may protect against SARS-CoV-2’s adverse effects on mental health."/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Fortune Well"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?resize=1200,600"/><meta property="og:width" content="1024"/><meta property="og:height" content="683"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="COVID is associated with mental illness. It’s worse for unvaccinated people, shows study of 18.6 million adults"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="An analysis of more than 18.6 million people suggests the COVID-19 vaccine may protect against SARS-CoV-2’s adverse effects on mental health."/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?resize=1200,600"/><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-19-mental-illness-vaccine-anxiety-depression-ptsd-addiction/"/><meta property="fb:pages" content="56501027948"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://ad.doubleclick.net" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://static.doubleclick.net" crossorigin=""/><link rel="preconnect" 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data-cy="article-author-and-date" class="sc-1b197338-4 ihEGHO"><div class="sc-1b197338-5 gDiiku"><div class="sc-cc7d6b4a-0 irPhBl article-info"><span class="sc-cc7d6b4a-2 gvEbxe by-text">BY</span><span class="sc-cc7d6b4a-3 gJEIDt list-item-wrapper"><a href="https://fortune.com/author/lindsey-leake/" target="_self" class="sc-93594058-0 iAsnWJ styled-custom-link" data-cy="by-line-author" rel="author" aria-label="Go to Lindsey Leake author's page">Lindsey Leake</a></span></div></div><div class="sc-1b197338-6 eCBAKW"></div></div><div class="sc-eebf4507-0 lkHRXC"><div class="sc-eebf4507-2 fgcZYW article-redesign"><div role="button" class="share-icon undefined" tabindex="0" aria-label="share-button"></div><div class="sc-eebf4507-1 fajITn article-redesign"><div class="sc-eebf4507-3 deurwP"><ul class="sc-34288ae7-0 dSIqoQ social-links-container"><li class="sc-34288ae7-1 mTMl"><a 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sizes="100vw" srcSet="https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=320&q=75 320w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=384&q=75 384w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=480&q=75 480w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=576&q=75 576w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=768&q=75 768w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=1024&q=75 1024w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=1280&q=75 1280w, https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?w=1440&q=75 1440w" 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What benefits Olipop and Poppi actually have","titleLink":"https://fortune.com/well/article/gut-healthy-sodas-olipop-poppi-benefits/?itm_source=parsely-api"},{"authors":[{"name":"Kells McPhillips","uri":"/author/kells-mcphillips","__typename":"MostPopularAuthors","email":"","image":"","sameAs":"","type":"","url":"/author/kells-mcphillips/"}],"contentType":null,"date":"2025-02-14T09:52:00","dateFormatted":"February 14, 2025","dateGMT":"2025-02-14T09:52:00","dateGMTFormatted":"February 14, 2025","dateUpdated":"2025-02-14T04:52:00","dateUpdatedFormatted":"February 14, 2025","dateUpdatedGMT":"2025-02-14T09:52:48","dateUpdatedGMTFormatted":"February 14, 2025","excerpt":"It can even be something as simple as physically \"turning toward\" each other.","eyebrowSectionLabel":"Family","eyebrowSectionLink":"/section/family","eyebrowTagLabel":"","eyebrowTagLink":"","image":{"altText":"","caption":"","mediaItemUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/GettyImages-1182740730-e1739484742412.jpg"},"title":"The longest, healthiest marriages have these 6 defining traits ","titleLink":"https://fortune.com/well/article/what-makes-marriage-successful-happy-advice-keys-best/?itm_source=parsely-api"}],"subdomain":"well","footer":{"footerDisclaimer":"\u003cp\u003e© 2025 Fortune Media IP Limited. 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1"},{"links":[{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Fortune Brand Studio","url":"https://brand-studio.fortune.com/fortune-brand-studio/fbs-portfolio/?prx_t=Q4gFAAAAAAovEQA"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Fortune Analytics","url":"https://fortune.com/analytics"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Fortune Conferences","url":"https://fortune.com/conferences"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Advertising","url":"https://fortune.com/advertising/"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Business Development","url":"https://fortune.com/business-development/"}],"name":"Footer Commercial Services 1"},{"links":[{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"About Us","url":"/about-us/"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Editorial Calendar","url":"https://fortune.com/editorial-calendar/"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Press Center","url":"https://fortune.com/press-center/"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Work at Fortune","url":"https://boards.greenhouse.io/fortune/"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Diversity and Inclusion","url":"https://fortune.com/workplace/diversity-inclusion"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Terms and Conditions","url":"/terms-of-use/"},{"__typename":"MenuItem","label":"Site Map","url":"/sitemap/"}],"name":"Footer About 1"}],"socialList":[{"type":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/FortuneMagazine/"},{"type":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/FortuneMagazine/"},{"type":"linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/company/fortune-magazine/"},{"type":"instagram","url":"https://www.instagram.com/fortunemag/"},{"type":"pinterest","url":"https://www.pinterest.com/fortunemagazine/"}]},"article":{"adTags":[],"audienceDek":"The COVID-19 vaccine may protect against the coronavirus’s adverse effects on mental health, according to a new study in JAMA Psychiatry.","authorNames":["Lindsey Leake"],"authors":[{"email":"lindsey.leake@fortune.com","image":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Lindsey-Leake.jpeg?w=150","name":"Lindsey Leake","sameAs":"","type":"Person","uri":"/author/lindsey-leake/","url":"https://fortune.com/author/lindsey-leake/","role":"","funFactHeader":"","funFactValue":"","social":{"instaUrl":"","linkedinUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/lindseyleake/","twitterUrl":"https://twitter.com/NewsyLindsey","__typename":"AuthorSocialUrlsFields"},"shortIntro":"","__typename":"Co-authors"}],"breadcrumbs":{"items":[]},"bypassPaywall":{"postBypassLinkEnabled":"","postBypassLinkUnique":""},"canonicalUrl":null,"channel":"Mind","content":"\u003cp\u003eYou’re not alone if you’ve experienced \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/14/poor-mental-health-anxiety-depression-lost-time-years-decades-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003enew or worsening mental illness\u003c/a\u003e after recovering from COVID. While the coronavirus’s \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/long-covid-cost-1-trillion-treatment-cure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003elong-term consequences\u003c/a\u003e on mental health remain a mystery, in the four years since the pandemic\u0026#8217;s onset, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(22)00042-1/fulltext\"\u003eresearchers worldwide\u003c/a\u003e have already documented a link between infection and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(22)00307-8/fulltext\"\u003emental health deterioration\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall-selector\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall\"\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow scientists in the U.K. have uncovered a new piece of the puzzle: COVID vaccination may mitigate the virus’s adverse effects on mental health. The team, including researchers from the universities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/medical-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eBristol\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.phpc.cam.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCambridge\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eOxford\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.swansea.ac.uk/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eSwansea\u003c/a\u003e, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucl.ac.uk/cardiovascular/research/population-science-and-experimental-medicine/mrc-unit-lifelong-health-and-ageing-ucl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eUniversity College London\u003c/a\u003e, showed higher rates of mental illnesses among unvaccinated people, up to a year after severe COVID infection. Their findings were published Wednesday in \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2822342\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2822342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJAMA Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings have important implications for \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/tag/public-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003epublic health\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/tag/mental-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003emental health\u003c/a\u003e service provision, as serious mental illnesses are associated with more intensive health care needs and longer-term health and other adverse effects,” \u003ca href=\"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/persons/venexia-m-walker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eVenexia Walker, PhD\u003c/a\u003e, a senior research fellow in epidemiology at Bristol Medical School and one of the study’s lead authors, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/august/covid19-mental-illnesses.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003enews release\u003c/a\u003e. “Our results highlight the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in the general population and particularly among those with mental illnesses, who may be at higher risk of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-eye-health-retinal-damage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eadverse outcomes following COVID-19\u003c/a\u003e.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe observational study assessed the medical records of more than 18.6 million adults ages 18 to 110 (50% female; median age 49) who were registered with a general practitioner in England. In this first cohort, which centered on the pandemic’s early days before a vaccine was available, about 5% of patients had been \u003ca href=\"https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/19079045/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ediagnosed with COVID\u003c/a\u003e. Two other cohorts represented the vaccination era from June through December 2021:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVaccinated: 14 million people\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFemale: 52%\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eMedian age: 53\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eCOVID diagnosis: 6%\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnvaccinated: 3.2 million people\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFemale: 42%\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eMedian age: 35\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eCOVID diagnosis: 5%\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn each of the three cohorts, researchers compared incidence of the following mental illnesses before and after a confirmed COVID diagnosis:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/phone-addiction-how-to-spot-signs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eAddiction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/ssri-antidepressants-depression-medication-ai/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/ssri-antidepressants-depression-medication-ai/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eDepression\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/eating-disorder-women-delay-motherhood/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eEating disorders\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/13/worry-about-mental-health-cvs-survey/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/13/worry-about-mental-health-cvs-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eGeneral anxiety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/07/26/veterans-ptsd-suicide-mental-mdma-molly-ecstacy-therapy-iraq-war/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ePosttraumatic stress disorder\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-harm\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eSerious mental illness (including \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2023/11/01/bonobos-founder-bipolar-disorder-mental-health-workplace/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ebipolar disorder\u003c/a\u003e and schizophrenia)\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eSuicide\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation/19079045\"\u003e\u003cscript src=\"https://public.flourish.studio/resources/embed.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\u003cnoscript\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/19079045/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" /\u003e\u003c/noscript\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to before or without COVID, the prevalence of most of these conditions increased one to four weeks following \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/xec-covid-19-omicron-variant-symptoms-spread-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCOVID diagnosis\u003c/a\u003e. This trend primarily applied to severe infections that had required hospitalization and among unvaccinated people, incidence remained elevated for up to a year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMental illness incidence increased slightly in COVID patients who endured milder infection. Depression rates, for example, spiked 16-fold among hospitalized patients but did so by just 1.2 times among nonhospitalized patients. While no vaccine is 100% effective, COVID immunization is intended to prevent severe illness and death. Researchers noted that the vaccinated cohort showed little variation in depression prevalence before/without or after nonhospitalized infection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe link between COVID and mental illness didn’t change significantly between racial and ethnic groups. It did, however, vary by age and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/men-vs-women-workout-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ebiological sex\u003c/a\u003e. For instance, this association was stronger among men and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/menopause-stigma-survey-women-workplace-ageism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eolder age groups\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite boasting a large sample size, the study has its limitations. The millions of participants hailed from a single nation, and the vast majority were white. Researchers also stressed that they analyzed only confirmed infections recorded in electronic health records, meaning COVID-positive individuals who hadn’t sought medical care weren’t included. In addition, researchers couldn’t rule out that \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/parvovirus-b19-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-rash-spread-symptoms-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eviruses besides SARS-CoV-2\u003c/a\u003e hadn’t contributed to the mental illnesses studied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We have already identified associations of COVID-19 with \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/anger-heart-disease-attack-stroke-blood-vessel-function/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ecardiovascular disease\u003c/a\u003e, diabetes, and now mental illnesses,” \u003ca href=\"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/persons/jonathan-a-c-sterne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eJonathan Sterne, PhD\u003c/a\u003e, study coauthor and professor of medical statistics and epidemiology at Bristol Medical School, said in the news release. “We are continuing to explore the consequences of COVID-19 with ongoing projects looking at associations of COVID-19 with renal, autoimmune, and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/abdominal-fat-alzheimers-disease-men-women/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eneurodegenerative conditions\u003c/a\u003e.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhen will the new COVID vaccines be available?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUpdated 2024–2025 COVID vaccines likely will be available in the early fall. Vaccines manufactured by \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/pfizer/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePfizer\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/moderna/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eModerna\u003c/a\u003e, and Novavax will arrive “later this year,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/s-t0627-vaccine-recommendations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\u003c/a\u003e announced in June. Last year’s version launched in mid-September.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-vaccines-updated-2024-2025/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003enew vaccines are available\u003c/a\u003e, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCDC recommends\u003c/a\u003e everyone aged 6 months and older get a dose to shield themselves from the \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/06/05/flirt-covid-19-omicron-variant-strains/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003elatest Omicron subvariants\u003c/a\u003e. People with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/covid/risk-factors/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ecompromised immune systems\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/does-medicare-cover-vaccines-covid-19-shingles-flu-rsv/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ethose 65 and older\u003c/a\u003e may be eligible for additional doses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our top recommendation for protecting yourself and your loved ones from respiratory illness is to get vaccinated,” CDC Director Dr. Mandy Cohen said in a June news release. “Make a plan now for you and your family to get both updated flu and COVID vaccines this fall, ahead of the respiratory virus season.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIf you need immediate mental health support, contact the \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e988 Suicide \u0026amp; Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor more on COVID-19 and mental health:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntidepressant not working? AI may do a better job than your doctor in \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/ssri-antidepressants-depression-medication-ai/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ematching you with the best medicine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/xec-covid-19-omicron-variant-symptoms-spread-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eWill the XEC COVID variant bring a fall wave of infections\u003c/a\u003e? What to know about symptoms and spread\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eThe summer COVID surge has arrived. \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-summer-surge-2024-symptoms-treatment-isolation-guidelines/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eHere’s the latest on symptoms and treatment\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/mental-health-wellness-paris-2024-olympics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eOne of the best things you can do for your mental health\u003c/a\u003e, according to a psychologist who counsels U.S. Olympians\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e","databaseId":3982288,"dateGmt":"2024-08-21T15:00:00","dek":"","description":"The COVID-19 vaccine may protect against the coronavirus’s adverse effects on mental health, according to a new study in JAMA Psychiatry.","faq":[],"featuredMediaType":"image","floatingNavContent":"","floatingNavTitle":"","footnotes":null,"id":"cG9zdDozOTgyMjg4","image":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg?resize=1200,600","imageCaption":"The COVID-19 vaccine may protect against SARS-CoV-2’s adverse effects on mental health, according to an analysis of more than 18.6 million adults by a team of researchers in the U.K.","imageCredit":"Giselleflissak—Getty Images","keywords":"","link":"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-19-mental-illness-vaccine-anxiety-depression-ptsd-addiction/","metaTitle":"Severe COVID: Mental illness incidence worse for unvaccinated people","modifiedGmt":"2024-09-18T15:23:57","noIndex":false,"pageType":"article","platformCD":"well","postId":3982288,"postSettings":{"postSettingsDek":null,"enableSubscriptionPlea":true,"subscriptionPleaDesign":"with-bottom-border","subscriptionPleaPosition":null,"subscriptionPleaTextLined":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eSubscribe to Well Adjusted, our newsletter full of simple strategies to work smarter and live better, from the Fortune Well team. \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.fortune.com/newsletters/well-adjusted?\u0026itm_source=fortune\u0026itm_medium=article_tout\u0026itm_campaign=well_adjusted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003eSign up\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"\u003e for free today.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","bylineCommentary":null,"mediaItem":{"altText":"The COVID-19 vaccine may protect against SARS-CoV-2’s adverse effects on mental health, according to an analysis of more than 18.6 million adults by a team of researchers in the U.K.","caption":"Depressed senior woman sitting alone with her head in her hands on a living room sofa at home","mediaItemUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg"},"__typename":"Settings"},"premiumCategory":{"name":"F-Search","premiumCategoryId":447850669,"link":"https://fortune.com/?taxonomy=premium_categories\u0026term=f-search-free","__typename":"BrandedArticlePremiumCategoryFieldsFields"},"primaryPostTag":{"name":"coronavirus","primaryTagId":447849484,"link":"https://fortune.com/tag/coronavirus/","uri":"/tag/coronavirus/","__typename":"BrandedArticlePrimaryPostTagIdFieldsFields"},"primarySection":{"name":"Mind","primarySectionId":447860873,"link":"https://fortune.com/well/section/mind/","uri":"/well/section/mind/","__typename":"BrandedArticlePrimarySectionIdFieldsFields"},"primaryTopic":{"name":"","primaryTopicId":-1},"relatedVideoId":"zuj8WYFNkJ-3316566-14497","relatedVideoType":"stn_video_media","reviewedBy":null,"sectionNames":["Mind"],"sections":[{"name":"Mind","sectionId":447860873,"slug":"mind","__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationSectionFieldsFields"}],"series":[],"showModifiedTimestamp":0,"socialDescription":"An analysis of more than 18.6 million people suggests the COVID-19 vaccine may protect against SARS-CoV-2’s adverse effects on mental health.","socialTitle":"COVID is associated with mental illness. It’s worse for unvaccinated people, shows study of 18.6 million adults","stickyCta":null,"tagNames":["addiction","Anxiety","behavior","CDC","Centers for Disease Control CDC","coronavirus","COVID-19 vaccines","Depression","disease","Diseases","Editor's Picks","Health","infection","Infectious Diseases","Medical Research","medicine","mental health","Personal Health, Fitness, and Wellness","Preventive Medicine","Psychology","public health","stress","U.K.","Vaccine","Vaccines","virus","viruses"],"tags":[{"name":"addiction","tagId":12523,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Anxiety","tagId":447863974,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"behavior","tagId":22783,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"CDC","tagId":103047,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control CDC","tagId":447842875,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"coronavirus","tagId":447849484,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"COVID-19 vaccines","tagId":447851285,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Depression","tagId":447863973,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"disease","tagId":9718,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Diseases","tagId":55795,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Editor's Picks","tagId":447851104,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Health","tagId":447824515,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"infection","tagId":27158,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases","tagId":88936,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Medical Research","tagId":41213,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"medicine","tagId":3659,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"mental health","tagId":5004,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Personal Health, Fitness, and Wellness","tagId":447850567,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine","tagId":447863982,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Psychology","tagId":4909,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"public health","tagId":28006,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"stress","tagId":2616,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"U.K.","tagId":831765,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Vaccine","tagId":52877,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"Vaccines","tagId":84540,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"virus","tagId":6827,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"},{"name":"viruses","tagId":447822979,"__typename":"BrandedArticleClassificationTagFieldsFields"}],"templateType":"default","thumbnailUrl":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1480671249-e1724164009370.jpg","title":"COVID can cause mental illness—but being vaccinated helps, new study shows","topicNames":[],"topics":[],"url":"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-19-mental-illness-vaccine-anxiety-depression-ptsd-addiction/","videoId":null,"widgetCss":null},"articleData":{"adTags":[],"audienceDek":"The COVID-19 vaccine may protect against the coronavirus’s adverse effects on mental health, according to a new study in JAMA Psychiatry.","authorNames":["Lindsey Leake"],"authors":[{"email":"lindsey.leake@fortune.com","image":"https://fortune.com/img-assets/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Lindsey-Leake.jpeg?w=150","name":"Lindsey Leake","sameAs":"","type":"Person","uri":"/author/lindsey-leake/","url":"https://fortune.com/author/lindsey-leake/","role":"","funFactHeader":"","funFactValue":"","social":{"instaUrl":"","linkedinUrl":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/lindseyleake/","twitterUrl":"https://twitter.com/NewsyLindsey","__typename":"AuthorSocialUrlsFields"},"shortIntro":"","__typename":"Co-authors"}],"breadcrumbs":{"items":[]},"bypassPaywall":{"postBypassLinkEnabled":"","postBypassLinkUnique":""},"canonicalUrl":null,"channel":"Mind","content":"\u003cp\u003eYou’re not alone if you’ve experienced \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/14/poor-mental-health-anxiety-depression-lost-time-years-decades-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003enew or worsening mental illness\u003c/a\u003e after recovering from COVID. While the coronavirus’s \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/long-covid-cost-1-trillion-treatment-cure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003elong-term consequences\u003c/a\u003e on mental health remain a mystery, in the four years since the pandemic\u0026#8217;s onset, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(22)00042-1/fulltext\"\u003eresearchers worldwide\u003c/a\u003e have already documented a link between infection and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(22)00307-8/fulltext\"\u003emental health deterioration\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall-selector\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"paywall\"\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eNow scientists in the U.K. have uncovered a new piece of the puzzle: COVID vaccination may mitigate the virus’s adverse effects on mental health. The team, including researchers from the universities of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/medical-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eBristol\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.phpc.cam.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCambridge\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.phc.ox.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eOxford\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.swansea.ac.uk/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eSwansea\u003c/a\u003e, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucl.ac.uk/cardiovascular/research/population-science-and-experimental-medicine/mrc-unit-lifelong-health-and-ageing-ucl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eUniversity College London\u003c/a\u003e, showed higher rates of mental illnesses among unvaccinated people, up to a year after severe COVID infection. Their findings were published Wednesday in \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2822342\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2822342\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJAMA Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our findings have important implications for \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/tag/public-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003epublic health\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/tag/mental-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003emental health\u003c/a\u003e service provision, as serious mental illnesses are associated with more intensive health care needs and longer-term health and other adverse effects,” \u003ca href=\"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/persons/venexia-m-walker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eVenexia Walker, PhD\u003c/a\u003e, a senior research fellow in epidemiology at Bristol Medical School and one of the study’s lead authors, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2024/august/covid19-mental-illnesses.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003enews release\u003c/a\u003e. “Our results highlight the importance of COVID-19 vaccination in the general population and particularly among those with mental illnesses, who may be at higher risk of both SARS-CoV-2 infection and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-eye-health-retinal-damage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eadverse outcomes following COVID-19\u003c/a\u003e.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe observational study assessed the medical records of more than 18.6 million adults ages 18 to 110 (50% female; median age 49) who were registered with a general practitioner in England. In this first cohort, which centered on the pandemic’s early days before a vaccine was available, about 5% of patients had been \u003ca href=\"https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/19079045/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ediagnosed with COVID\u003c/a\u003e. Two other cohorts represented the vaccination era from June through December 2021:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVaccinated: 14 million people\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFemale: 52%\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eMedian age: 53\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eCOVID diagnosis: 6%\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnvaccinated: 3.2 million people\u003c/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFemale: 42%\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eMedian age: 35\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eCOVID diagnosis: 5%\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn each of the three cohorts, researchers compared incidence of the following mental illnesses before and after a confirmed COVID diagnosis:\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/phone-addiction-how-to-spot-signs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eAddiction\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/ssri-antidepressants-depression-medication-ai/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/ssri-antidepressants-depression-medication-ai/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eDepression\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/eating-disorder-women-delay-motherhood/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eEating disorders\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/13/worry-about-mental-health-cvs-survey/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/05/13/worry-about-mental-health-cvs-survey/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eGeneral anxiety\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2024/07/26/veterans-ptsd-suicide-mental-mdma-molly-ecstacy-therapy-iraq-war/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ePosttraumatic stress disorder\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eSelf-harm\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eSerious mental illness (including \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2023/11/01/bonobos-founder-bipolar-disorder-mental-health-workplace/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ebipolar disorder\u003c/a\u003e and schizophrenia)\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003eSuicide\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cdiv class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation/19079045\"\u003e\u003cscript src=\"https://public.flourish.studio/resources/embed.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\u003cnoscript\u003e\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://public.flourish.studio/visualisation/19079045/thumbnail\" width=\"100%\" alt=\"chart visualization\" /\u003e\u003c/noscript\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to before or without COVID, the prevalence of most of these conditions increased one to four weeks following \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/xec-covid-19-omicron-variant-symptoms-spread-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCOVID diagnosis\u003c/a\u003e. This trend primarily applied to severe infections that had required hospitalization and among unvaccinated people, incidence remained elevated for up to a year.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eMental illness incidence increased slightly in COVID patients who endured milder infection. Depression rates, for example, spiked 16-fold among hospitalized patients but did so by just 1.2 times among nonhospitalized patients. While no vaccine is 100% effective, COVID immunization is intended to prevent severe illness and death. Researchers noted that the vaccinated cohort showed little variation in depression prevalence before/without or after nonhospitalized infection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe link between COVID and mental illness didn’t change significantly between racial and ethnic groups. It did, however, vary by age and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/men-vs-women-workout-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ebiological sex\u003c/a\u003e. For instance, this association was stronger among men and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/menopause-stigma-survey-women-workplace-ageism/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eolder age groups\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eDespite boasting a large sample size, the study has its limitations. The millions of participants hailed from a single nation, and the vast majority were white. Researchers also stressed that they analyzed only confirmed infections recorded in electronic health records, meaning COVID-positive individuals who hadn’t sought medical care weren’t included. In addition, researchers couldn’t rule out that \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/parvovirus-b19-fifth-disease-slapped-cheek-rash-spread-symptoms-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eviruses besides SARS-CoV-2\u003c/a\u003e hadn’t contributed to the mental illnesses studied.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“We have already identified associations of COVID-19 with \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/anger-heart-disease-attack-stroke-blood-vessel-function/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ecardiovascular disease\u003c/a\u003e, diabetes, and now mental illnesses,” \u003ca href=\"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/persons/jonathan-a-c-sterne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eJonathan Sterne, PhD\u003c/a\u003e, study coauthor and professor of medical statistics and epidemiology at Bristol Medical School, said in the news release. “We are continuing to explore the consequences of COVID-19 with ongoing projects looking at associations of COVID-19 with renal, autoimmune, and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/abdominal-fat-alzheimers-disease-men-women/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eneurodegenerative conditions\u003c/a\u003e.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"\u003eWhen will the new COVID vaccines be available?\u003c/h2\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eUpdated 2024–2025 COVID vaccines likely will be available in the early fall. Vaccines manufactured by \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/pfizer/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePfizer\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/company/moderna/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eModerna\u003c/a\u003e, and Novavax will arrive “later this year,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/s-t0627-vaccine-recommendations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)\u003c/a\u003e announced in June. Last year’s version launched in mid-September.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen the \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/covid-vaccines-updated-2024-2025/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003enew vaccines are available\u003c/a\u003e, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/covid/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eCDC recommends\u003c/a\u003e everyone aged 6 months and older get a dose to shield themselves from the \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/2024/06/05/flirt-covid-19-omicron-variant-strains/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003elatest Omicron subvariants\u003c/a\u003e. People with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/covid/risk-factors/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ecompromised immune systems\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/does-medicare-cover-vaccines-covid-19-shingles-flu-rsv/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ethose 65 and older\u003c/a\u003e may be eligible for additional doses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e“Our top recommendation for protecting yourself and your loved ones from respiratory illness is to get vaccinated,” CDC Director Dr. Mandy Cohen said in a June news release. “Make a plan now for you and your family to get both updated flu and COVID vaccines this fall, ahead of the respiratory virus season.”\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIf you need immediate mental health support, contact the \u003c/em\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e988 Suicide \u0026amp; Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFor more on COVID-19 and mental health:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAntidepressant not working? AI may do a better job than your doctor in \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/ssri-antidepressants-depression-medication-ai/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003ematching you with the best medicine\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\n\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/well/article/xec-covid-19-omicron-variant-symptoms-spread-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"\u003eWill the XEC COVID variant bring a fall wave of infections\u003c/a\u003e? 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