CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Verghese Kurien - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d0d6c38d-f651-4358-b5b9-bbc19d02f3ac","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Verghese_Kurien","wgTitle":"Verghese Kurien","wgCurRevisionId":1274098263,"wgRevisionId":1274098263,"wgArticleId":319519,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Good articles","Use dmy dates from May 2020","Articles with hCards","1921 births","2012 deaths","20th-century Indian businesspeople","20th-century Indian engineers","21st-century Indian businesspeople","Agriculture and food award winners","Businesspeople from Kozhikode","Engineers from Kerala","Indian cooperative organizers","Indian atheists", "Indian chief executives","Indian social entrepreneurs","Loyola College, Chennai alumni","Malayali people","Michigan State University alumni","Ramon Magsaysay Award winners","Recipients of the Order of Agricultural Merit","Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry","Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry","Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science \u0026 engineering","University of Madras alumni"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Verghese_Kurien","wgRelevantArticleId":319519,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q180385","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1577"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1051"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="841"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Verghese Kurien - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Verghese_Kurien rootpage-Verghese_Kurien skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Verghese+Kurien" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Verghese+Kurien" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Verghese+Kurien" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Verghese+Kurien" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early life and education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Developing_Amul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Developing_Amul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Developing Amul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Developing_Amul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationwide_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationwide_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Nationwide expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nationwide_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consolidation_and_self-sufficiency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consolidation_and_self-sufficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Consolidation and self-sufficiency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consolidation_and_self-sufficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Other work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Books and publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verghese Kurien</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيرغيس كوريين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيرغيس كوريين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ভাৰ্গিজ কুৰিয়েন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰ্গিজ কুৰিয়েন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ভার্গিস কুরিয়েন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভার্গিস কুরিয়েন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вергиз Куриен – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вергиз Куриен" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verghese Kurien" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Verghese Kurien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A1%E0%AB%8B._%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8" title="ડો. વર્ગીસ કુરિયન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ડો. વર્ગીસ કુરિયન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EA%B2%8C%EC%84%B8_%EC%BF%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%94" title="베르게세 쿠리엔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베르게세 쿠리엔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="वर्गीज कुरियन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वर्गीज कुरियन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Verghese Kurien" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verghese Kurien" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವರ್ಗೀಸ್ ಕುರಿಯನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವರ್ಗೀಸ್ ಕುರಿಯನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Verghese Kurien" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="വർഗ്ഗീസ് കുര്യൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വർഗ്ഗീസ് കുര്യൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="व्हर्गीज कुरियन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हर्गीज कुरियन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="فيرجيس كوريين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيرجيس كوريين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਰਗੀਜ ਕੂਰੀਅਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਰਗੀਜ ਕੂਰੀਅਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AC_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%86" title="ورگیج کوریئن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ورگیج کوریئن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="Verghese Kurien – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Verghese Kurien" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Куриен, Вергиз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куриен, Вергиз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Вергиз Куриен – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Вергиз Куриен" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="वर्गिस् कुरियन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वर्गिस् कुरियन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="வர்கீஸ் குரியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வர்கீஸ் குரியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%98%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="వర్ఘీస్ కురియన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వర్ఘీస్ కురియన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B2_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ورگیز کورین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ورگیز کورین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180385#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Verghese_Kurien" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verghese_Kurien"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Verghese_Kurien"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Verghese_Kurien" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Verghese_Kurien" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&oldid=1274098263" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Verghese_Kurien&id=1274098263&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerghese_Kurien"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVerghese_Kurien"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Verghese_Kurien&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verghese_Kurien" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Verghese_Kurien" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180385" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian entrepreneur (1921–2012)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Verghese Kurien</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="753" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kurien in 2009</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1921-11-26</span>)</span>26 November 1921<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut">Calicut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">9 September 2012<span style="display:none">(2012-09-09)</span> (aged 90)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Nadiad" title="Nadiad">Nadiad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Indian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Madras" title="University of Madras">University of Madras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Dairying" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairying">dairy engineer</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Social entrepreneur">social entrepreneur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Amul" title="Amul">Amul</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organisations</th><td class="infobox-data org"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Dairy_Development_Board" title="National Dairy Development Board">National Dairy Development Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Rural_Management_Anand" title="Institute of Rural Management Anand">Institute of Rural Management Anand</a></li> <li>National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/White_Revolution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Revolution (India)">White Revolution in India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> (1964) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> (1965) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> (1966) <br /> <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a> (1989) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Agricultural_Merit" title="Order of Agricultural Merit">Order of Agricultural Merit</a> (1997) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a> (1999)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drkurien.com/">www<wbr />.drkurien<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Verghese Kurien</b> (26 November 1921 – 9 September 2012) was an Indian <a href="/wiki/Dairying" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairying">dairy engineer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Social entrepreneur">social entrepreneur</a>. He led initiatives that contributed to the extensive increase in milk production in India termed as the <a href="/wiki/White_Revolution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Revolution (India)">White Revolution</a>. </p><p>Kurien graduated in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Madras" title="University of Madras">University of Madras</a> in 1940 and received his masters in <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> in 1947. In 1949, Kurien was sent by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> to run its experimental creamery at <a href="/wiki/Anand,_Gujarat" title="Anand, Gujarat">Anand</a>, where he set up the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union in 1950 which later became <a href="/wiki/Amul" title="Amul">Amul</a>. Amul organised the dairy farmers in the villages as a part of <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperatives</a> and linked them to the milk consumers directly. </p><p>In 1965, Kurien was appointed as the head of the newly formed <a href="/wiki/National_Dairy_Development_Board" title="National Dairy Development Board">National Dairy Development Board</a> (NDDB), which helped to set up similar cooperatives across India and made <a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming" title="Dairy farming">dairy farming</a> one of the largest self-sustaining industries and employment generators in rural areas. The dairy cooperatives were successful in increasing the milk production as the dairy farmers controlled the procurement, processing, and marketing of milk and milk products as the owners of the cooperative. This led to a multi-fold increase in milk output over the next few decades and helped India become the world's largest milk producer in 1998. The co-operative model was later applied to other agricultural industries such as the production of <a href="/wiki/Edible_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Edible oil">edible oils</a> and replicated in other countries. </p><p>For his contributions in increasing the dairy output, Kurien is known as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> in 1964 and the <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a> in 1989. In 1999, he received the <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a>, India's second highest civilian honour. He was conferred the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Agricultural_Merit" title="Order of Agricultural Merit">Order of Agricultural Merit</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">French Government</a> in 1997. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kurien was born on 26 November 1921 in <a href="/wiki/Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut">Calicut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>, India) in a <a href="/wiki/Malayali" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayali">Malayali</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Anglicans" title="Saint Thomas Anglicans">Syrian Christian</a> family.<sup id="cite_ref-Biography_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father was a government civil surgeon and Kurien did his schooling at <a href="/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_Higher_Secondary_School" title="Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School">Diamond Jubilee Higher Secondary School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gobichettipalayam" title="Gobichettipalayam">Gobichettipalayam</a>, where his father worked at the government hospital there.<sup id="cite_ref-IDA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Loyola_College,_Chennai" title="Loyola College, Chennai">Loyola College</a> in 1940 and received a bachelor's degree in <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a> from the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Engineering,_Guindy" title="College of Engineering, Guindy">College of Engineering, Guindy</a> affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Madras" title="University of Madras">University of Madras</a> in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-IDA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurien wanted to join the <a href="/wiki/Indian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian army">Indian army</a> as an engineer but instead he worked with <a href="/wiki/Tata_Steel" title="Tata Steel">Tata Steel Technical Institute</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MD_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MD-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien applied for a scholarship provided by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> to study <a href="/wiki/Metallurgical_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Metallurgical engineering">metallurgical engineering</a> but instead received a scholarship to study <a href="/wiki/Dairying" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairying">dairy engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA69_69]_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA69_69]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was sent to train at the <a href="/wiki/National_Dairy_Research_Institute" title="National Dairy Research Institute">Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> before being sent to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> on a government scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-OI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated with a master's degree in mechanical engineering from the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Verghese_Kurien_life_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verghese_Kurien_life-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kurien_white_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kurien_white-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien had stated that though he was sent on a government scholarship to study dairy engineering, he studied metallurgical and nuclear engineering, disciplines which were likely to be of far greater use to the soon-to-be independent India and to himself. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949, Kurien was sent by the government of India to its experimental <a href="/wiki/Creamery" title="Creamery">creamery</a> at <a href="/wiki/Anand,_Gujarat" title="Anand, Gujarat">Anand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bombay_province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay province">Bombay province</a> (currently in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-IDA_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent the evenings helping <a href="/wiki/Tribhuvandas_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribhuvandas Patel">Tribhuvandas Patel</a> with fixing the dairy equipment used for processing the milk procured from the local farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA73_73]_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA73_73]-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier in 1946, Patel had set up a <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kheda" title="Kheda">Kaira</a>. It was formed as a response to the exploitation of small dairy farmers by traders and agents, who set arbitrary milk prices on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Polson_(brand)" title="Polson (brand)">Polson</a>, which had an effective monopoly in milk collection from Kaira.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien wanted to quit the government job and leave Anand but was persuaded by Patel to stay with him and help with his dairy cooperative.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeredia199765_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeredia199765-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Developing_Amul">Developing Amul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Developing Amul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg/220px-2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg/330px-2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg/440px-2_The-Amul-trinity_Kurien_Shri-TK-Patel_HM_Dalaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Kurien (left) with <a href="/wiki/Tribhuvandas_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribhuvandas Patel">Tribhuvandas Patel</a> (centre) and <a href="/wiki/Harichand_Megha_Dalaya" title="Harichand Megha Dalaya">H. M. Dalaya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Anand,_Gujarat" title="Anand, Gujarat">Anand</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Kurien developed the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union Limited (KDCMPUL) further which later became <a href="/wiki/Amul" title="Amul">Amul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Amul_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amul-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Milk collection was decentralised and was directly procured from the farmers at villages as a part of the cooperatives.<sup id="cite_ref-IDA_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien and Tribhuvandas Patel were supported by <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Vallabhbhai_Patel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel">Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morarji_Desai" title="Morarji Desai">Morarji Desai</a> to help organise the dairy farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien worked on the belief that economic self-interest of all sections of the village-society would make them align together to grow their cooperative and remove caste or class conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cooperative dairying venture was expanded to the nearby districts and was involved in the training of dairy students.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA77_77]_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA77_77]-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997127_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997127-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1952, the daily milk procurement reached 20,000 litres from a mere 200 litres per day in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-Manthan_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manthan-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, Kurien visited <a href="/wiki/Nestle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestle">Nestle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> at their invitation but with special instructions from then <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">commerce and industries minister</a>. Nestle was importing <a href="/wiki/Milk_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk powder">milk powder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> and other materials required to produce <a href="/wiki/Condensed_milk" title="Condensed milk">condensed milk</a> in India. Kurien asked Nestle to reduce the imports to India, to try manufacturing condensed milk with <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_milk" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffalo milk">buffalo milk</a> procured locally and to engage more Indians in the production process. He was met with a refusal stating that the natives would not be able to handle the technology involved in the condensed milk production.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On returning, he increased the production of condensed milk at Amul, the import of which was banned by Government of India two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harichand_Megha_Dalaya" title="Harichand Megha Dalaya">H. M. Dalaya</a>, who studied dairy engineering with Kurien at the US, was persuaded by Kurien to work with him at Anand.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He helped develop an indigenous process of making <a href="/wiki/Milk_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Milk powder">skimmed milk powder</a> and condensed milk from buffalo milk, which had a higher proportion of milk solids and increased its economic value.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, buffalo milk was plentiful while cow milk was in short supply.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the production of condensed milk and baby food from Buffalo milk, Amul competed successfully against Nestle and <a href="/wiki/Glaxo" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaxo">Glaxo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce minister</a> <a href="/wiki/T_T_Krishnamachari" class="mw-redirect" title="T T Krishnamachari">T T Krishnamachari</a> also cut imports of <a href="/wiki/Butter" title="Butter">butter</a> in steps with Kurien promising and delivering an incremental increase of his production to substitute imported butter, especially from <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a> in 1962, production had to be diverted to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian armed forces">Indian armed forces</a> which led Polson to gain market share. Kurien lobbied with the government to freeze Polson's production lines, as part of the <a href="/wiki/War_effort" title="War effort">war effort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manthan_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manthan-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later research by G. H. Wilster led to cheese production from buffalo milk at Amul.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997168_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997168-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nationwide_expansion">Nationwide expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nationwide expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurien_with_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_in_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Kurien_with_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_in_1964.jpg/220px-Kurien_with_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_in_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Kurien_with_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_in_1964.jpg/330px-Kurien_with_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_in_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/52/Kurien_with_Lal_Bahadur_Shastri_in_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="373" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Kurien with then Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> in 1964</figcaption></figure> <p>When then Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a> visited Anand to inaugurate Amul's cattle feed factory in October 1964, he interacted with the dairy farmers about their cooperative. In 1965, Shastri tasked Kurien to replicate the dairy's Anand scheme nationwide, for which the <a href="/wiki/National_Dairy_Development_Board" title="National Dairy Development Board">National Dairy Development Board</a> (NDDB) was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Manthan_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manthan-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established as a society based at Anand and was led by Kurien.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurien negotiated with <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> for aid to develop the cooperatives as a part of "Operation Flood".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WB_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first phase between 1970 and 1979, he focused on choosing the 18 best milk sheds across the country, setting up dairy cooperatives and linking them with nearby major cities, to capture the market there.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Anand model was replicated across Gujarat and Kurien brought all of them under the Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) to sell their products under a single <a href="/wiki/Amul" title="Amul">Amul</a> brand on the 25th anniversary of establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the second phase between 1979 and 1985, the plan was extended to cover more than 290 towns.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, he established the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Rural_Management_Anand" title="Institute of Rural Management Anand">Institute of Rural Management</a> at Anand for training the managers involved in the milk cooperatives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA85_85]_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA85_85]-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1985, there were about 4.25 million milk producers attached to 43,000 village cooperatives and milk powder production scaled up more than six times.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consolidation_and_self-sufficiency">Consolidation and self-sufficiency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consolidation and self-sufficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the last phase of the Operation Flood between 1985 and 1996, Kurien focused on making the cooperatives independent and self-sustaining. It involved scaling up infrastructure to increase procurement and production, establishment dairy processing facilities, focus on marketing and training management professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1990s, he lobbied and fought hard to keep multinational companies from entering the dairy business even as the country opened up due to <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberalisation</a> in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India became the world's largest milk producer by 1998, surpassing the United States and contributed to about 17 percent of global output in 2010–11.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, he persuaded then Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a> to appoint <a href="/wiki/Amrita_Patel" title="Amrita Patel">Amrita Patel</a> as his successor at NDDB, whom he had groomed under him to protect NDDB's independence from the government.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he had differences with her on the policies of Amul. While she was focused on production and yield targets with certain functions such as marketing handed over to private, Kurien felt that the arrangement would weaken the cooperative institutions of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He resigned from the position of chairman of GCMMF in 2006 after limited support from the governing board.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_work">Other work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kurien replicated the cooperative model in other agricultural industries like the production of fruits and vegetables, oil seeds and edible oil.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1979, he started the Oilseeds Growers’ Cooperative Project (OGCP) under "Operation Golden Flow". In the 1980s, more than 500,000 farmers were part of the cooperatives and "Dhara", a brand of edible oil launched by NDDB in 1988, became the country's top selling brand. In the 1990s, the project began to lose steam as the government allowed the import of edible oil from other countries.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, then <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Premier of the Soviet Union">Premier of Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin" title="Alexei Kosygin">Alexei Kosygin</a> visited Anand and invited Kurien to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, Kurien visited <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> as a part of a <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a> mission following the request of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> for aid in setting up dairy cooperatives.<sup id="cite_ref-OC_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien registered interest from other countries like <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, who wanted him to replicate the cooperative model in their countries.<sup id="cite_ref-OC_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OC-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> planned a similar programme based on the same.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the chairman of <a href="/wiki/Tribhuvandas_Foundation" title="Tribhuvandas Foundation">Tribhuvandas Foundation</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organization" title="Non-governmental organization">NGO</a> which worked on women and child health in Kheda district.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kurien died from an illness at the age of 90 on 9 September 2012 at <a href="/wiki/Nadiad" title="Nadiad">Nadiad</a> near Anand.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a wife Molly and a daughter, Nirmala.<sup id="cite_ref-Verghese_Kurien_life_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verghese_Kurien_life-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien was brought up as a Christian before becoming an atheist.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For his contributions in increasing the dairy output, Kurian is known as the "Father of the White Revolution" in India.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien's birthday, 26 November is celebrated as the "National Milk Day" in India.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Awards and honors </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award or honor</th> <th>Awarding organization </th></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Government of India </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wateler_Peace_Prize" title="Wateler Peace Prize">Wateler Peace Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-WFP_VK_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFP_VK-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Foundation_(Netherlands)" title="Carnegie Foundation (Netherlands)">Carnegie Foundation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-WFP_VK_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFP_VK-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>World Food Prize Foundation </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Agricultural_Merit" title="Order of Agricultural Merit">Order of Agricultural Merit</a><sup id="cite_ref-WFP_VK_77-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFP_VK-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(France)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (France)">Ministry of Agriculture, France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Government of India </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karmaveer_Chakra_Award" title="Karmaveer Chakra Award">Karmaveer Chakra Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and Indian Confederation of NGOs<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kurien was bestowed with an honorary degree by the Michigan State University in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/World_Dairy_Expo" title="World Dairy Expo">World Dairy Expo</a> in 1993, he was recognized as the International Person of the Year.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kurien was also awarded the Godfrey Phillips Bravery Award for social bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurien either headed or was on the boards of several public institutions and received honorary doctorate degrees from universities worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IDA_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IDA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cooperative model pioneered by Kurien is studied in academia with lectures on the same.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_and_publications">Books and publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Books and publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKurien,_Verghese1997" class="citation book cs1">Kurien, Verghese (1997). <i>An Unfinished Dream</i>. <a href="/wiki/Tata_McGraw_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata McGraw Hill">Tata McGraw Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07462-214-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07462-214-8"><bdi>978-0-07462-214-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Unfinished+Dream&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw+Hill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-07462-214-8&rft.au=Kurien%2C+Verghese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurien,_Verghese2005" class="citation book cs1">Kurien, Verghese (2005). <i>I Too Had a Dream</i>. APH Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-17436-407-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-17436-407-4"><bdi>978-8-17436-407-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Too+Had+a+Dream&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-8-17436-407-4&rft.au=Kurien%2C+Verghese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurien,_Verghese2012" class="citation book cs1">Kurien, Verghese (2012). <i>The Man Who Made The Elephant Dance</i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Group" title="The Times Group">The Times Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-38229-924-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-38229-924-0"><bdi>978-9-38229-924-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Made+The+Elephant+Dance&rft.pub=The+Times+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-9-38229-924-0&rft.au=Kurien%2C+Verghese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Shyam_Benegal" title="Shyam Benegal">Shyam Benegal</a> wanted to make <i><a href="/wiki/Manthan" title="Manthan">Manthan</a></i>, a film story based on Amul but had no financial backing. The movie was later made from financial contribution from member-farmers of co-operatives, who contributed two rupees each and was released in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A veterinarian, a milk technician, and a fodder specialist toured the country along with the screening of the film to persuade farmers to form cooperatives of their own with <a href="/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">United Nations</a> using the movie to encourage similar cooperatives in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kurien's supported the "<a href="/wiki/Amul_girl" title="Amul girl">Amul girl</a>" <a href="/wiki/Advertisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisement">advertisement</a> campaign which is one of the longest running campaigns in India and <i><a href="/wiki/Surabhi_(TV_series)" title="Surabhi (TV series)">Surabhi</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> series on Indian culture.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Amar_Chitra_Katha" title="Amar Chitra Katha">Amar Chitra Katha</a> published the <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic</a> <i>Verghese Kurien: The man with the billion litre idea</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Biography-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamath1996" class="citation book cs1">Kamath, M. V. (1996). <i>Milkman from Anand: The Story of Verghese Kurien</i>. Konark Publishers. pp. <span class="nowrap">3–</span>5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-12200-413-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-12200-413-7"><bdi>978-8-12200-413-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milkman+from+Anand%3A+The+Story+of+Verghese+Kurien&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Konark+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-8-12200-413-7&rft.aulast=Kamath&rft.aufirst=M.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IDA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IDA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IDA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IDA_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IDA_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IDA_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiandairyassociation.org/pdf/info/Dr-Kurien.pdf">"Dr Kurien"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Indian Dairy Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230923214525/https://indiandairyassociation.org/pdf/info/Dr-Kurien.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Kurien&rft.pub=Indian+Dairy+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiandairyassociation.org%2Fpdf%2Finfo%2FDr-Kurien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadhavan2014" class="citation news cs1">Madhavan, E. (1 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.industrialeconomist.com/page.php?page=14&cid=602">"Kurien visits Erode"</a>. <i>Industrial Economist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151126114756/http://www.industrialeconomist.com/page.php?page=14&cid=602">Archived</a> from the original on 26 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Economist&rft.atitle=Kurien+visits+Erode&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.aulast=Madhavan&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.industrialeconomist.com%2Fpage.php%3Fpage%3D14%26cid%3D602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebetterindia.com/153870/college-engineering-guindy-chennai-news/">"India's Oldest Engineering College Turns 225: 6 Alumni Who Have Made Guindy Proud!"</a>. <i>The Better India</i>. 31 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323181220/https://www.thebetterindia.com/153870/college-engineering-guindy-chennai-news/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Better+India&rft.atitle=India%27s+Oldest+Engineering+College+Turns+225%3A+6+Alumni+Who+Have+Made+Guindy+Proud%21&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebetterindia.com%2F153870%2Fcollege-engineering-guindy-chennai-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MD-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MD_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/parenting/learning/national-milk-day-verghese-kurien-milkman-of-india-facts-5465032/">"National Milk Day: 10 facts on Verghese Kurien, the Milkman of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 26 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240713083645/https://indianexpress.com/article/parenting/learning/national-milk-day-verghese-kurien-milkman-of-india-facts-5465032/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=National+Milk+Day%3A+10+facts+on+Verghese+Kurien%2C+the+Milkman+of+India&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fparenting%2Flearning%2Fnational-milk-day-verghese-kurien-milkman-of-india-facts-5465032%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/national-milk-day-who-was-dr-verghese-kurien-the-father-of-the-white-revolution-15251691.htm">"National Milk Day: Who was Dr Verghese Kurien, the father of the White Revolution?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC_TV18" title="CNBC TV18">CNBC TV18</a></i>. 25 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716142516/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/national-milk-day-who-was-dr-verghese-kurien-the-father-of-the-white-revolution-15251691.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC+TV18&rft.atitle=National+Milk+Day%3A+Who+was+Dr+Verghese+Kurien%2C+the+father+of+the+White+Revolution%3F&rft.date=2022-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbctv18.com%2Findia%2Fnational-milk-day-who-was-dr-verghese-kurien-the-father-of-the-white-revolution-15251691.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA69_69]-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA69_69]_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMenon1989">Menon 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ch5YDhFPKhEC&pg=PA69">69</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OI_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OI_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oneindia.com/2012/09/09/verghese-kurien-indias-coop-dairy-movement-founder-1067768.html">"Verghese Kurien laid foundation for co-op dairy movement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/OneIndia" class="mw-redirect" title="OneIndia">OneIndia</a></i>. 9 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240713083642/https://www.oneindia.com/2012/09/09/verghese-kurien-indias-coop-dairy-movement-founder-1067768.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OneIndia&rft.atitle=Verghese+Kurien+laid+foundation+for+co-op+dairy+movement&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2F2012%2F09%2F09%2Fverghese-kurien-indias-coop-dairy-movement-founder-1067768.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verghese_Kurien_life-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Verghese_Kurien_life_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Verghese_Kurien_life_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYardley2012" class="citation news cs1">Yardley, William (10 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/world/asia/verghese-kurien-90-who-led-indias-milk-cooperatives-dies.html?_r=0">"Verghese Kurien, Leader of India's Milk Cooperatives, Dies at 90"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808075802/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/world/asia/verghese-kurien-90-who-led-indias-milk-cooperatives-dies.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Verghese+Kurien%2C+Leader+of+India%27s+Milk+Cooperatives%2C+Dies+at+90&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Yardley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F09%2F11%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fverghese-kurien-90-who-led-indias-milk-cooperatives-dies.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_dr-verghese-kurien-from-mechanical-engineer-to-milkman_1738927">"Dr Verghese Kurien – From mechanical engineer to milkman"</a>. <i>Daily News and Analysis</i>. 10 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913041102/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_dr-verghese-kurien-from-mechanical-engineer-to-milkman_1738927">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=Dr+Verghese+Kurien+%E2%80%93+From+mechanical+engineer+to+milkman&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Findia%2Freport_dr-verghese-kurien-from-mechanical-engineer-to-milkman_1738927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kurien_white-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kurien_white_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-man-who-revolutionised-white/article3878213.ece">"The man who revolutionised white"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. 10 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318101326/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/the-man-who-revolutionised-white/article3878213.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 18 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+man+who+revolutionised+white&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fop-ed%2Fthe-man-who-revolutionised-white%2Farticle3878213.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhagat2012" class="citation news cs1">Bhagat, Rasheeda (13 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/doodh-ka-doodh-kurien-style/article3889417.ece">"Doodh ka doodh... Kurien style"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Doodh+ka+doodh...+Kurien+style&rft.date=2012-09-13&rft.aulast=Bhagat&rft.aufirst=Rasheeda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fvariety%2Fdoodh-ka-doodh-kurien-style%2Farticle3889417.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_Dreze2018" class="citation report cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dreze" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Dreze">Jean Dreze</a> (22 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xlri.ac.in/pdf/5th-kurien.pdf">Economic Growth and Social development</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Labour_Relations_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Xavier Labour Relations Institute">XLRI</a>. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220516225534/https://xlri.ac.in/pdf/5th-kurien.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Economic+Growth+and+Social+development&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=XLRI&rft.date=2018-09-22&rft.au=Jean+Dreze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fxlri.ac.in%2Fpdf%2F5th-kurien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA73_73]-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA73_73]_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMenon1989">Menon 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ch5YDhFPKhEC&pg=PA73">73</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-remembers-tribhuvandas-on-his-birth-anniversary/">"Amul remembers Tribhuvandas on his birth anniversary"</a>. Indian Cooperative. 23 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831004701/https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-remembers-tribhuvandas-on-his-birth-anniversary/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amul+remembers+Tribhuvandas+on+his+birth+anniversary&rft.date=2019-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancooperative.com%2Fco-op-news-snippets%2Famul-remembers-tribhuvandas-on-his-birth-anniversary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1985" class="citation book cs1">George, Shanti (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbI6AAAAMAAJ"><i>Operation Flood: An Appraisal of Current Indian Dairy Policy</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19561-679-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19561-679-8"><bdi>978-0-19561-679-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404052239/https://books.google.com/books?id=dbI6AAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Flood%3A+An+Appraisal+of+Current+Indian+Dairy+Policy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-19561-679-8&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Shanti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdbI6AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMisra2012" class="citation news cs1">Misra, Udit (10 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forbesindia.com/article/special/v-kurien-indias-white-knight/33719/2">"V. Kurien: India's White Knight"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes_India" title="Forbes India">Forbes India</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402160414/http://www.forbesindia.com/article/special/v-kurien-indias-white-knight/33719/2">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes+India&rft.atitle=V.+Kurien%3A+India%27s+White+Knight&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Misra&rft.aufirst=Udit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforbesindia.com%2Farticle%2Fspecial%2Fv-kurien-indias-white-knight%2F33719%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeredia199765-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeredia199765_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeredia1997">Heredia 1997</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amul-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Amul_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenda_Cunningham2009" class="citation book cs1">Kenda Cunningham (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tLYR8Os_IpAC&pg=PA4"><i>Rural and urban linkages: Operation flood s role in India s dairy development</i></a>. International Food Policy Research Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716142518/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Rural_and_urban_linkages_Operation_flood/tLYR8Os_IpAC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rural+and+urban+linkages%3A+Operation+flood+s+role+in+India+s+dairy+development&rft.pub=International+Food+Policy+Research+Institute&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Kenda+Cunningham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtLYR8Os_IpAC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpendra_Kachru2011" class="citation book cs1">Upendra Kachru (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_bBKK3_98EC&pg=PA66"><i>India Land of a Billion Entrepreneurs</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson PLC</a>. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-13175-861-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-13175-861-8"><bdi>978-8-13175-861-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716132649/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/India_Land_of_a_Billion_Entrepreneurs/-_bBKK3_98EC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA66">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Land+of+a+Billion+Entrepreneurs&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Pearson+PLC&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-8-13175-861-8&rft.au=Upendra+Kachru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_bBKK3_98EC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThapar2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Romila_Thapar" title="Romila Thapar">Thapar, Romila</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BYRDAAAAYAAJ&q=Kurien">"The Amul Saga"</a>. <i>Seminar</i> (<span class="nowrap">497–</span>508): 41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715122649/https://books.google.co.in/books?redir_esc=y&id=BYRDAAAAYAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Kurien">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminar&rft.atitle=The+Amul+Saga&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E497%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E508&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Thapar&rft.aufirst=Romila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBYRDAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DKurien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuhrud2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tridip_Suhrud" title="Tridip Suhrud">Suhrud, Tridip</a> (8 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061111211535/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main17.asp?filename=op040806the_magic.asp">"The magic of manthan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tehelka" title="Tehelka">Tehelka</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tehelka.com/story_main17.asp?filename=op040806the_magic.asp">the original</a> on 11 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tehelka&rft.atitle=The+magic+of+manthan&rft.date=2006-04-08&rft.aulast=Suhrud&rft.aufirst=Tridip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tehelka.com%2Fstory_main17.asp%3Ffilename%3Dop040806the_magic.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsmanUphoff1982" class="citation report cs1">Esman, Milton J.; <a href="/wiki/Norman_Uphoff" title="Norman Uphoff">Uphoff, Norman T.</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAP624.pdf">Local Organization and Rural Development: The State of the Art</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. p. 47, 65. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170221032028/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAP624.pdf#page=75">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span> – via <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">United States Agency for International Development</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Local+Organization+and+Rural+Development%3A+The+State+of+the+Art&rft.pages=47%2C+65&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Esman&rft.aufirst=Milton+J.&rft.au=Uphoff%2C+Norman+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdf.usaid.gov%2Fpdf_docs%2FPNAAP624.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/62909/5/62909.pdf#page=54"><i>Report of the National Dairy Research Institute (Report No, 21)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1961. pp. 54, 55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914173039/http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/62909/5/62909.pdf#page=54">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+National+Dairy+Research+Institute+%28Report+No%2C+21%29&rft.pages=54%2C+55&rft.date=1961&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkrishikosh.egranth.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F1%2F62909%2F5%2F62909.pdf%23page%3D54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA77_77]-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA77_77]_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMenon1989">Menon 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ch5YDhFPKhEC&pg=PA77">77</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997127-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997127_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeredia1997">Heredia 1997</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manthan-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manthan_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manthan_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manthan_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/manthan-in-cannes-stirs-joy-in-anand-101716665274462.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Manthan' in Cannes stirs joy in Anand"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindustan Times">The Hindustan Times</a></i>. 26 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240529011308/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/manthan-in-cannes-stirs-joy-in-anand-101716665274462.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=%27Manthan%27+in+Cannes+stirs+joy+in+Anand&rft.date=2024-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcities%2Fmumbai-news%2Fmanthan-in-cannes-stirs-joy-in-anand-101716665274462.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Utting2015" class="citation book cs1">Peter Utting (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rv40EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA295"><i>Social and Solidarity: Economy Beyond the Fringe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78360-346-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78360-346-6"><bdi>978-1-78360-346-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715122650/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Social_and_Solidarity_Economy/Rv40EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA295">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+and+Solidarity%3A+Economy+Beyond+the+Fringe&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78360-346-6&rft.au=Peter+Utting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRv40EAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/amul-brand-builder-verghese-kurien-the-man-who-turned-india-into-largest-milk-producer/articleshow/16328573.cms">"Amul brand builder Verghese Kurien: The man who turned India into largest milk producer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. 10 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212160241/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/amul-brand-builder-verghese-kurien-the-man-who-turned-india-into-largest-milk-producer/articleshow/16328573.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Amul+brand+builder+Verghese+Kurien%3A+The+man+who+turned+India+into+largest+milk+producer&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fcompany%2Fcorporate-trends%2Famul-brand-builder-verghese-kurien-the-man-who-turned-india-into-largest-milk-producer%2Farticleshow%2F16328573.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/business/the-unfinished-dream-behind-amuls-foray-into-the-chocolate-industry">"The Unfinished Dream Behind Amul's Foray into the Chocolate Industry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wire_(magazine)" title="The Wire (magazine)">The Wire</a></i>. 18 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240611011849/https://thewire.in/business/the-unfinished-dream-behind-amuls-foray-into-the-chocolate-industry">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=The+Unfinished+Dream+Behind+Amul%27s+Foray+into+the+Chocolate+Industry&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Fbusiness%2Fthe-unfinished-dream-behind-amuls-foray-into-the-chocolate-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Carter" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Carter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiadairy.com/expert-article/an-improbable-dream-verghese-kurien-was-a-transformational-leader/">"An Improbable Dream Verghese Kurien was a transformational leader"</a>. <i>India dairy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231128141140/https://indiadairy.com/expert-article/an-improbable-dream-verghese-kurien-was-a-transformational-leader/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+dairy&rft.atitle=An+Improbable+Dream+Verghese+Kurien+was+a+transformational+leader&rft.au=Thomas+Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiadairy.com%2Fexpert-article%2Fan-improbable-dream-verghese-kurien-was-a-transformational-leader%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://industrialeconomist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/18-20-White-Revolution-Kurien-SV-Dec-2021.pdf">White revolution</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Industrial Economist. 18 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110109/https://industrialeconomist.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/18-20-White-Revolution-Kurien-SV-Dec-2021.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=White+revolution&rft.pub=Industrial+Economist&rft.date=2021-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findustrialeconomist.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F12%2F18-20-White-Revolution-Kurien-SV-Dec-2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurien2007" class="citation book cs1">Kurien, Verghese (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IV9m8gF6XDcC&pg=PA47">"India' s Milk Revolution: Investing in Rural Producer Organizations"</a>. In Narayan, Deepa; Glinskaya, Elena (eds.). <i>Ending Poverty in South Asia: Ideas that work</i>. Washington D.C., USA: <a href="/wiki/The_World_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Bank">The World Bank</a>. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82136-876-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-82136-876-3"><bdi>978-0-82136-876-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309030609/https://books.google.com/books?id=IV9m8gF6XDcC&pg=PA47">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span>. <q>If there was one technological breakthrough that revolutionized India's organized dairy industry, it was the making of skim milk powder out of buffalo milk. The man who made this possible and who had the foresight to defy the prevailing technical wisdom was H. M. Dalaya.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=India%27+s+Milk+Revolution%3A+Investing+in+Rural+Producer+Organizations&rft.btitle=Ending+Poverty+in+South+Asia%3A+Ideas+that+work&rft.place=Washington+D.C.%2C+USA&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-82136-876-3&rft.aulast=Kurien&rft.aufirst=Verghese&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIV9m8gF6XDcC%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/seeking-equity-for-dairy-farmers-in-india-was-lifelong-legacy">"Seeking equity for dairy farmers in India was lifelong legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a>. 10 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231129051840/https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/seeking-equity-for-dairy-farmers-in-india-was-lifelong-legacy">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seeking+equity+for+dairy+farmers+in+India+was+lifelong+legacy&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University&rft.date=2018-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canr.msu.edu%2Fnews%2Fseeking-equity-for-dairy-farmers-in-india-was-lifelong-legacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurucharan_GollerkeriRenuka_Raja_Rao2024" class="citation book cs1">Gurucharan Gollerkeri; Renuka Raja Rao (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=itPzEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86"><i>The Making of India, 1947-2022: Pivotal People, Events, and Institutions</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Scholars_Publishing" title="Cambridge Scholars Publishing">Cambridge Scholars Publishing</a>. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-52756-141-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-52756-141-0"><bdi>978-1-52756-141-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110106/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Making_of_India_1947_2022/itPzEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA86">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+India%2C+1947-2022%3A+Pivotal+People%2C+Events%2C+and+Institutions&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1-52756-141-0&rft.au=Gurucharan+Gollerkeri&rft.au=Renuka+Raja+Rao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DitPzEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamodaran2004" class="citation news cs1">Damodaran, Harish (13 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/09/13/stories/2004091300610700.htm">"Amul's tech wizard, Dalaya passes away"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140627073817/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/09/13/stories/2004091300610700.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Amul%27s+tech+wizard%2C+Dalaya+passes+away&rft.date=2004-09-13&rft.aulast=Damodaran&rft.aufirst=Harish&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.in%2F2004%2F09%2F13%2Fstories%2F2004091300610700.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2013" class="citation report cs1">Ghosh, Abhijit (8 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowledgehub.unsse.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Embeddedness-and-the-Dynamics-of-Growth.pdf">Embeddedness and dynamics of growth: Case of Amul</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">United Nations Research Institute for Social Development</a>. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110105/https://knowledgehub.unsse.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Embeddedness-and-the-Dynamics-of-Growth.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Embeddedness+and+dynamics+of+growth%3A+Case+of+Amul&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=United+Nations+Research+Institute+for+Social+Development&rft.date=2013-05-08&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Abhijit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowledgehub.unsse.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F08%2FEmbeddedness-and-the-Dynamics-of-Growth.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKavita_Agarwal2022" class="citation book cs1">Kavita Agarwal (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rrCkEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA34"><i>Service Above Self</i></a>. BFC Publications. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-35632-880-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-35632-880-8"><bdi>978-9-35632-880-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110110/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Service_Above_Self/rrCkEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA34">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Service+Above+Self&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=BFC+Publications&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-9-35632-880-8&rft.au=Kavita+Agarwal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrrCkEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA.K.Gandhi2021" class="citation book cs1">A.K.Gandhi (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d0vIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PP4"><i>Milking Revolution: Verghese Kurien's Dairy Innovations</i></a>. Prabhat Prakashan. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-18430-469-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-18430-469-5"><bdi>978-8-18430-469-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110123/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Verghese_Kurien/d0vIDAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PP4">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2024</span>. <q>G.H. Wilster led to making cheese from buffalo milk, which benefited the movement greatly</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Milking+Revolution%3A+Verghese+Kurien%27s+Dairy+Innovations&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-8-18430-469-5&rft.au=A.K.Gandhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd0vIDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997168-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeredia1997168_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeredia1997">Heredia 1997</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit2001" class="citation book cs1">Pandit, Shrinivas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K6YiZCu5MaMC&pg=PA147"><i>Thought Leaders</i></a>. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Tata_McGraw_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata McGraw Hill">Tata McGraw Hill</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">147–</span>148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07049-550-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07049-550-0"><bdi>978-0-07049-550-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110656/https://books.google.com/books?id=K6YiZCu5MaMC&pg=PA147">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thought+Leaders&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E148&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw+Hill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07049-550-0&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Shrinivas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK6YiZCu5MaMC%26pg%3DPA147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasgupta2012" class="citation news cs1">Dasgupta, Manas (9 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kurien-strode-like-a-titan-across-the-bureaucratic-barriers-and-obstacles/article3877337.ece">"Kurien strode like a titan across the bureaucratic barriers and obstacles"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210119173256/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kurien-strode-like-a-titan-across-the-bureaucratic-barriers-and-obstacles/article3877337.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Kurien+strode+like+a+titan+across+the+bureaucratic+barriers+and+obstacles&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.aufirst=Manas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkurien-strode-like-a-titan-across-the-bureaucratic-barriers-and-obstacles%2Farticle3877337.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmrita_Patel" class="citation web cs1">Amrita Patel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiadairy.com/expert-article/nddbs-role-in-the-white-revolution-and-challenges-ahead/">"NDDB's Role in the White Revolution and Challenges Ahead"</a>. India Dairy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715122723/https://indiadairy.com/expert-article/nddbs-role-in-the-white-revolution-and-challenges-ahead/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NDDB%27s+Role+in+the+White+Revolution+and+Challenges+Ahead&rft.pub=India+Dairy&rft.au=Amrita+Patel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiadairy.com%2Fexpert-article%2Fnddbs-role-in-the-white-revolution-and-challenges-ahead%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110601061557/http://www.unicef.org/about/history/files/Child-Nation-M-Black-Ch06-p141-167-civilzation-follows-cow.pdf#page=12">Civilization Follows the Cow</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicef.org/about/history/files/Child-Nation-M-Black-Ch06-p141-167-civilzation-follows-cow.pdf#page=12">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Civilization+Follows+the+Cow&rft.pub=UNICEF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Ffiles%2FChild-Nation-M-Black-Ch06-p141-167-civilzation-follows-cow.pdf%23page%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WB-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WB_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WB_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WB_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WB_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WB_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">"India's Milk Revolution: Investing in Rural Producer Organizations". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/748851468771700148/pdf/308270IN0Milk01ion01see0also0307591.pdf">Reducing Poverty, Sustaining Growth: What Works, What Doesn't, and Why A Global Exchange for Scaling Up Success</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. 25 May 2004. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240329230937/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/748851468771700148/pdf/308270IN0Milk01ion01see0also0307591.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Reducing+Poverty%2C+Sustaining+Growth%3A+What+Works%2C+What+Doesn%27t%2C+and+Why+A+Global+Exchange+for+Scaling+Up+Success&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft.date=2004-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F748851468771700148%2Fpdf%2F308270IN0Milk01ion01see0also0307591.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta" class="citation news cs1">Gupta, Sharad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/remembering-verghese-kurien-indias-first-milkman/article30084051.ece">"Remembering Verghese Kurien – India's first milkman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021222527/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/remembering-verghese-kurien-indias-first-milkman/article30084051.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Remembering+Verghese+Kurien+%E2%80%93+India%27s+first+milkman&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Sharad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Fvariety%2Fremembering-verghese-kurien-indias-first-milkman%2Farticle30084051.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA85_85]-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMenon1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidCh5YDhFPKhECpgPA85_85]_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMenon1989">Menon 1989</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ch5YDhFPKhEC&pg=PA85">85</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCandlerKumar1998" class="citation book cs1">Candler, Wilfred; Kumar, Nalini (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KyyXB6PiN8MC&pg=PA57"><i>India: The Dairy Revolution : the Impact of Dairy Development in India and the World Bank's Contribution</i></a>. World Bank (Operations Evaluation Department). pp. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-82134-289-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-82134-289-3"><bdi>978-0-82134-289-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110616/https://books.google.com/books?id=KyyXB6PiN8MC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+The+Dairy+Revolution+%3A+the+Impact+of+Dairy+Development+in+India+and+the+World+Bank%27s+Contribution&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.pub=World+Bank+%28Operations+Evaluation+Department%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-82134-289-3&rft.aulast=Candler&rft.aufirst=Wilfred&rft.au=Kumar%2C+Nalini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKyyXB6PiN8MC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130426131554/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx">"India largest milk producing nation in 2010–11: NDDB"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindustan Times">The Hindustan Times</a></i>. 20 December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Ahmedabad/India-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB/Article1-785018.aspx">the original</a> on 26 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=India+largest+milk+producing+nation+in+2010%E2%80%9311%3A+NDDB&rft.date=2011-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FIndia-news%2FAhmedabad%2FIndia-largest-milk-producing-nation-in-2010-11-NDDB%2FArticle1-785018.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit2007" class="citation book cs1">Pandit, Shrinivas (1 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SecpUgsDsn4C&pg=PA20"><i>The Missionary: Amrita Patel</i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07065-678-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07065-678-9"><bdi>978-0-07065-678-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110650/https://books.google.com/books?id=SecpUgsDsn4C&pg=PA20">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Missionary%3A+Amrita+Patel&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2007-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-07065-678-9&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Shrinivas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSecpUgsDsn4C%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatakam2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Katakam, Anupama (15 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2006/stories/20030328001408500.htm">"Dairy war"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210829020410/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2006/stories/20030328001408500.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Dairy+war&rft.date=2003-03-15&rft.aulast=Katakam&rft.aufirst=Anupama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontline.in%2Fstatic%2Fhtml%2Ffl2006%2Fstories%2F20030328001408500.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatakam2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Katakam, Anupama (7 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2306/stories/20060407003802400.htm">"Controversy: Milkman's exit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a></i>. Vol. 23, no. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122105846/http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2306/stories/20060407003802400.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Controversy%3A+Milkman%27s+exit&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.date=2006-04-07&rft.aulast=Katakam&rft.aufirst=Anupama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontline.in%2Fstatic%2Fhtml%2Ffl2306%2Fstories%2F20060407003802400.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahurkar2006" class="citation news cs1">Mahurkar, Uday (17 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/verghese-kurien-quits-gujarat-co-operative-diary-body-faces-politicking-risk/1/181511.html">"A White Evolution: Verghese Kurien quits Gujarat co-operative, diary [sic] body faces politicking risk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913100554/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/verghese-kurien-quits-gujarat-co-operative-diary-body-faces-politicking-risk/1/181511.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=A+White+Evolution%3A+Verghese+Kurien+quits+Gujarat+co-operative%2C+diary+%5Bsic%5D+body+faces+politicking+risk&rft.date=2006-04-17&rft.aulast=Mahurkar&rft.aufirst=Uday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fverghese-kurien-quits-gujarat-co-operative-diary-body-faces-politicking-risk%2F1%2F181511.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAneja2012" class="citation news cs1">Aneja, R. P. (11 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/article3885542.ece">"Life and times of Verghese Kurien"</a>. <i>The Hindu Business Line</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120913103100/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/article3885542.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu+Business+Line&rft.atitle=Life+and+times+of+Verghese+Kurien&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft.aulast=Aneja&rft.aufirst=R.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fopinion%2Farticle3885542.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1982" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Chamder Uday (15 January 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/bhavnagar-vegetableproducts-suffers-eight-mysterious-fires/1/391293.html">"Gujarat: Taking on the oil kings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110619/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820115-bhavnagar-vegetable-products-suffers-eight-mysterious-fires-771397-2013-10-19">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Gujarat%3A+Taking+on+the+oil+kings&rft.date=1982-01-15&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Chamder+Uday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fbhavnagar-vegetableproducts-suffers-eight-mysterious-fires%2F1%2F391293.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1982" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Clayton (30 July 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0730/073063.html">"Farming co-ops poised to come of age in the '80s"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180927165036/https://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0730/073063.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Farming+co-ops+poised+to+come+of+age+in+the+%2780s&rft.date=1982-07-30&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Clayton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1982%2F0730%2F073063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarish_Damodaran2021" class="citation news cs1">Harish Damodaran (26 November 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dr-verghese-kurien-milkman-of-india-7640292/">"Dr Verghese Kurien: A practical idealist"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716044119/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dr-verghese-kurien-milkman-of-india-7640292/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Dr+Verghese+Kurien%3A+A+practical+idealist&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft.au=Harish+Damodaran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fdr-verghese-kurien-milkman-of-india-7640292%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRinchen_Norbu_Wangchu2020" class="citation web cs1">Rinchen Norbu Wangchu (9 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebetterindia.com/244400/operation-golden-flow-indias-atmanirbhar-success-story-that-gave-birth-to-dhara/">"Operation Golden Flow: India's Atmanirbhar Success Story That Gave Birth to 'Dhara'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. The Better India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716132652/https://thebetterindia.com/244400/operation-golden-flow-indias-atmanirbhar-success-story-that-gave-birth-to-dhara/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operation+Golden+Flow%3A+India%27s+Atmanirbhar+Success+Story+That+Gave+Birth+to+%27Dhara%27&rft.pub=The+Better+India&rft.date=2020-12-09&rft.au=Rinchen+Norbu+Wangchu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebetterindia.com%2F244400%2Foperation-golden-flow-indias-atmanirbhar-success-story-that-gave-birth-to-dhara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFM._V._Kamath1989" class="citation book cs1">M. V. Kamath (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FHw_AAAAYAAJ&q=Kosygin"><i>Management Kurien-style: The Story of the White Revolution</i></a>. Konark Publishers. p. 238, 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-12200-100-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-12200-100-6"><bdi>978-8-12200-100-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110617/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Management_Kurien_style/FHw_AAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Kosygin">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Management+Kurien-style%3A+The+Story+of+the+White+Revolution&rft.pages=238%2C+239&rft.pub=Konark+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-8-12200-100-6&rft.au=M.+V.+Kamath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFHw_AAAAYAAJ%26q%3DKosygin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OC-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OC_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OC_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19821015-national-dairy-development-board-to-aid-pakistan-in-establishing-two-anand-type-diary-centres-772273-2013-08-23">"National Dairy Development Board to aid Pakistan in establishing two 'Anand' type centres"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. 15 October 1982. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715122652/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19821015-national-dairy-development-board-to-aid-pakistan-in-establishing-two-anand-type-diary-centres-772273-2013-08-23">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=National+Dairy+Development+Board+to+aid+Pakistan+in+establishing+two+%27Anand%27+type+centres&rft.date=1982-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Feconomy%2Fstory%2F19821015-national-dairy-development-board-to-aid-pakistan-in-establishing-two-anand-type-diary-centres-772273-2013-08-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240627105940/https://frontline.thehindu.com/the-nation/milkmans-exit/article30208954.ece">"Milkman's exit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frontline_(magazine)" title="Frontline (magazine)">Frontline</a></i>. 7 April 2006. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Milkman%27s+exit&rft.date=2006-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fthe-nation%2Fmilkmans-exit%2Farticle30208954.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lokmarg.com/verghese-kurien-showing-the-milky-way/">"Verghese Kurien – Showing The Milky Way"</a>. Lokmarg. 7 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122195458/https://lokmarg.com/verghese-kurien-showing-the-milky-way/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Verghese+Kurien+%E2%80%93+Showing+The+Milky+Way&rft.pub=Lokmarg&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flokmarg.com%2Fverghese-kurien-showing-the-milky-way%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19840131-national-dairy-development-board-verghese-kurien-faces-worst-attacks-on-his-credibility-802725-1984-01-30">"Verghese Kurien faces worst attacks on his credibility"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a></i>. 21 January 1984. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715123249/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/economy/story/19840131-national-dairy-development-board-verghese-kurien-faces-worst-attacks-on-his-credibility-802725-1984-01-30">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Verghese+Kurien+faces+worst+attacks+on+his+credibility&rft.date=1984-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Feconomy%2Fstory%2F19840131-national-dairy-development-board-verghese-kurien-faces-worst-attacks-on-his-credibility-802725-1984-01-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-remembers-tribhuvandas-on-his-birth-anniversary/">"Amul remembers Tribhuvandas on his birth anniversary"</a>. <i>Indian Cooperative</i>. 23 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831004701/https://www.indiancooperative.com/co-op-news-snippets/amul-remembers-tribhuvandas-on-his-birth-anniversary/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Cooperative&rft.atitle=Amul+remembers+Tribhuvandas+on+his+birth+anniversary&rft.date=2019-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiancooperative.com%2Fco-op-news-snippets%2Famul-remembers-tribhuvandas-on-his-birth-anniversary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120915040808/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120910/jsp/nation/story_15958717.jsp">"Kurien didn't drink milk, he lived it"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Telegraph_(India)" title="The Telegraph (India)">The Telegraph</a></i>. 10 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120910/jsp/nation/story_15958717.jsp">the original</a> on 15 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Kurien+didn%27t+drink+milk%2C+he+lived+it&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1120910%2Fjsp%2Fnation%2Fstory_15958717.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120914001406/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-11/ahmedabad/33762051_1_kurien-and-modi-gujarat-chief-minister-india-s-white-revolution">"Modi had soured relations with the milkman of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 11 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-11/ahmedabad/33762051_1_kurien-and-modi-gujarat-chief-minister-india-s-white-revolution">the original</a> on 14 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Modi+had+soured+relations+with+the+milkman+of+India&rft.date=2012-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2012-09-11%2Fahmedabad%2F33762051_1_kurien-and-modi-gujarat-chief-minister-india-s-white-revolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThakkarSally2012" class="citation news cs1">Thakkar, Mitul; Sally, Madhvi (15 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917021619/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-15/news/33862984_1_verghese-kurien-kurien-and-modi-gujarat-co-operative">"Gujarat Elections 2012: Narendra Modi wastes no time in tapping over 1/3 of Gujarat's 3.5 crore Amul voters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-15/news/33862984_1_verghese-kurien-kurien-and-modi-gujarat-co-operative">the original</a> on 17 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Gujarat+Elections+2012%3A+Narendra+Modi+wastes+no+time+in+tapping+over+1%2F3+of+Gujarat%27s+3.5+crore+Amul+voters&rft.date=2012-09-15&rft.aulast=Thakkar&rft.aufirst=Mitul&rft.au=Sally%2C+Madhvi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2012-09-15%2Fnews%2F33862984_1_verghese-kurien-kurien-and-modi-gujarat-co-operative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/he-was-an-atheist-religion-played-no-part-in-his-life-says-kuriens-daughter-5466180/">"He was an atheist, religion played no part in his life, says Kurien's daughter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i>. 27 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127234249/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/he-was-an-atheist-religion-played-no-part-in-his-life-says-kuriens-daughter-5466180/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=He+was+an+atheist%2C+religion+played+no+part+in+his+life%2C+says+Kurien%27s+daughter&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Findia%2Fhe-was-an-atheist-religion-played-no-part-in-his-life-says-kuriens-daughter-5466180%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/verghese-kurien-was-an-atheist-says-daughter-on-conversion-charge-1953584">"He Was An Atheist, Says Verghese Kurien's Daughter On Conversion Charge"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a></i>. 26 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127122238/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/verghese-kurien-was-an-atheist-says-daughter-on-conversion-charge-1953584">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV&rft.atitle=He+Was+An+Atheist%2C+Says+Verghese+Kurien%27s+Daughter+On+Conversion+Charge&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Findia-news%2Fverghese-kurien-was-an-atheist-says-daughter-on-conversion-charge-1953584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/national-milk-day-2023-history-significance-and-theme-18410761.htm">"National Milk Day 2023: History, significance and theme"</a>. <i>CNBC</i>. 26 November 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209065617/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/national-milk-day-2023-history-significance-and-theme-18410761.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=National+Milk+Day+2023%3A+History%2C+significance+and+theme&rft.date=2023-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbctv18.com%2Findia%2Fnational-milk-day-2023-history-significance-and-theme-18410761.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businessworld.in/article/father-of-white-revolution-kurien-dead-66932">"Father Of 'White Revolution' Kurien"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Business World">Business World</a></i>. 8 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240716132654/https://businessworld.in/article/father-of-white-revolution-kurien-dead-66932">Archived</a> from the original on 16 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+World&rft.atitle=Father+Of+%27White+Revolution%27+Kurien&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessworld.in%2Farticle%2Ffather-of-white-revolution-kurien-dead-66932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailypioneer.com/STATE-EDITIONS/bhopal/verghese-kuriens-birth-anniv-to-be-held-as-national-milk-day.html">"Verghese Kurien's birth anniv to be held as National Milk Day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Pioneer" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Pioneer">Daily Pioneer</a></i>. 25 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160916090331/http://www.dailypioneer.com/STATE-EDITIONS/bhopal/verghese-kuriens-birth-anniv-to-be-held-as-national-milk-day.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Pioneer&rft.atitle=Verghese+Kurien%27s+birth+anniv+to+be+held+as+National+Milk+Day&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2FSTATE-EDITIONS%2Fbhopal%2Fverghese-kuriens-birth-anniv-to-be-held-as-national-milk-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/National-Milk-Day-on-Kuriens-birth-anniversary/articleshow/45271027.cms">"National Milk Day on Kurien's birth anniversary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 25 November 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129114928/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/National-Milk-Day-on-Kuriens-birth-anniversary/articleshow/45271027.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=National+Milk+Day+on+Kurien%27s+birth+anniversary&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fvadodara%2FNational-Milk-Day-on-Kuriens-birth-anniversary%2Farticleshow%2F45271027.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rmaward.asia/awardee/kurien-verghese">"Kurien, Verghese • Community Leadership – India – 1963"</a>. <i>The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322084844/https://www.rmaward.asia/awardee/kurien-verghese">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ramon+Magsaysay+Award+Foundation&rft.atitle=Kurien%2C+Verghese+%E2%80%A2+Community+Leadership+%E2%80%93+India+%E2%80%93+1963&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmaward.asia%2Fawardee%2Fkurien-verghese&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&Award=Padma%20Shri">"Padma Shri, 1965"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707110653/https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&Award=Padma%20Shri">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Shri%2C+1965&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdashboard-padmaawards.gov.in%2F%3FYear%3D1965-1965%26Award%3DPadma%2520Shri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&Award=Padma%20Bhushan">"Padma Bhushan, 1965"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707111149/https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1965-1965&Award=Padma%20Bhushan">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Bhushan%2C+1965&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdashboard-padmaawards.gov.in%2F%3FYear%3D1965-1965%26Award%3DPadma%2520Bhushan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WFP_VK-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WFP_VK_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WFP_VK_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WFP_VK_77-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/19871999_laureates/1989_kurien/">"Dr. Verghese Kurien – The World Food Prize"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Food_Prize" title="World Food Prize">World Food Prize</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130916041457/https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/19871999_laureates/1989_kurien/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr.+Verghese+Kurien+%E2%80%93+The+World+Food+Prize&rft.pub=World+Food+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldfoodprize.org%2Fen%2Flaureates%2F19871999_laureates%2F1989_kurien%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1999-1999">"Padma Awards, 1999"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230520233657/https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Year=1999-1999">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Padma+Awards%2C+1999&rft.pub=Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdashboard-padmaawards.gov.in%2F%3FYear%3D1999-1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/un-karmaveer-chakra-award-for-sikkimese-social-entrepreneur">"UN Karmaveer lifetime achievement award"</a>. <i>Sikkim Express</i>. 11 December 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sikkim+Express&rft.atitle=UN+Karmaveer+lifetime+achievement+award&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsikkimexpress.com%2Fnews-details%2Fun-karmaveer-chakra-award-for-sikkimese-social-entrepreneur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undp.org/india/publications/unv-karamveer-chakra-national-medallion-proactive-volunteer-action">"Karamveer Chakra: National Medallion for proactive Volunteer Action"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.atitle=Karamveer+Chakra%3A+National+Medallion+for+proactive+Volunteer+Action&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Findia%2Fpublications%2Funv-karamveer-chakra-national-medallion-proactive-volunteer-action&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUlrey1964" class="citation book cs1">Ulrey, Orion (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0pQcAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA16-PA9"><i>Indian Cooperative: A beacon of development</i></a>. News for Farmer Cooperatives: Volumes 31-34. p. 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240715123154/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/News_for_Farmer_Cooperatives/0pQcAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=RA16-PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 15 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Cooperative%3A+A+beacon+of+development&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=News+for+Farmer+Cooperatives%3A+Volumes+31-34&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Ulrey&rft.aufirst=Orion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0pQcAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA16-PA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worlddairyexpo.com/pages/Recognition-Award-Program.php">"Recognition award prograame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Dairy_Expo" title="World Dairy Expo">World Dairy Expo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240707111122/https://worlddairyexpo.com/pages/Recognition-Award-Program.php">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recognition+award+prograame&rft.pub=World+Dairy+Expo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworlddairyexpo.com%2Fpages%2FRecognition-Award-Program.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://achyutasamanta.com/posts/godfrey-phillips-bravery-award-social-bravery-for-kiit-kiss-founder/">"Godfrey Phillips Bravery Award (Social Bravery) for KIIT & KISS Founder"</a>. <i>Achyuta Samanta</i>. 21 September 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210828014844/https://achyutasamanta.com/posts/godfrey-phillips-bravery-award-social-bravery-for-kiit-kiss-founder/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Achyuta+Samanta&rft.atitle=Godfrey+Phillips+Bravery+Award+%28Social+Bravery%29+for+KIIT+%26+KISS+Founder&rft.date=2011-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fachyutasamanta.com%2Fposts%2Fgodfrey-phillips-bravery-award-social-bravery-for-kiit-kiss-founder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndian_Dairy_Association" class="citation web cs1">Indian Dairy Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indairyasso.org/pdf/info/Dr-Kurien.pdf">"The Legend Lives On"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215034442/http://indairyasso.org/pdf/info/Dr-Kurien.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Legend+Lives+On&rft.au=Indian+Dairy+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findairyasso.org%2Fpdf%2Finfo%2FDr-Kurien.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irma.ac.in/pdf/viewdocument/memoriallecture2.pdf">Second Dr. Verghese Kurien Memorial Lecture – 2013</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Institute of Rural management, Anand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230215034443/https://www.irma.ac.in/pdf/viewdocument/memoriallecture2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Second+Dr.+Verghese+Kurien+Memorial+Lecture+%E2%80%93+2013&rft.pub=Institute+of+Rural+management%2C+Anand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irma.ac.in%2Fpdf%2Fviewdocument%2Fmemoriallecture2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/arvind-subramanian-moots-amul-model-for-pulses-115112100763_1.html">"Arvind Subramanian moots 'Amul model' for pulses"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Standard" title="Business Standard">Business Standard</a></i>. 21 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125222712/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/arvind-subramanian-moots-amul-model-for-pulses-115112100763_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Standard&rft.atitle=Arvind+Subramanian+moots+%27Amul+model%27+for+pulses&rft.date=2015-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-standard.com%2Farticle%2Feconomy-policy%2Farvind-subramanian-moots-amul-model-for-pulses-115112100763_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenegal2012" class="citation news cs1">Benegal, Shyam (9 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/how-a-farmers-servant-painted-the-nation-white/story-w5muyu4dpzbC3Huk5XYRbK.html">"How a farmers' servant painted the nation white"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindustan Times">The Hindustan Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919052127/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/how-a-farmers-servant-painted-the-nation-white/story-w5muyu4dpzbC3Huk5XYRbK.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=How+a+farmers%27+servant+painted+the+nation+white&rft.date=2012-09-09&rft.aulast=Benegal&rft.aufirst=Shyam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fhow-a-farmers-servant-painted-the-nation-white%2Fstory-w5muyu4dpzbC3Huk5XYRbK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610174923/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-10/news/33737291_1_verghese-kurien-white-revolution-amul-products">"Amul's Verghese Kurien never suffered fools: Shyam Benegal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. 10 September 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-10/news/33737291_1_verghese-kurien-white-revolution-amul-products">the original</a> on 10 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Amul%27s+Verghese+Kurien+never+suffered+fools%3A+Shyam+Benegal&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2F2012-09-10%2Fnews%2F33737291_1_verghese-kurien-white-revolution-amul-products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodrigo2002" class="citation news cs1">Rodrigo, Nihal (6 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.island.lk/2002/01/06/featur10.html">"Cinema, Benegal and Reality"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Island_(Sri_Lanka)" title="The Island (Sri Lanka)">The Island</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160910224741/http://www.island.lk/2002/01/06/featur10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Island&rft.atitle=Cinema%2C+Benegal+and+Reality&rft.date=2002-01-06&rft.aulast=Rodrigo&rft.aufirst=Nihal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.island.lk%2F2002%2F01%2F06%2Ffeatur10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHazra2012" class="citation news cs1">Hazra, Indrajit (1 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/jest-like-that-girl-with-the-amul-tattoo/story-0lNH47ZLJ7eWE5xsrm2gGO.html">"Jest like that: Girl with the Amul tattoo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindustan Times">The Hindustan Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919044118/http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/jest-like-that-girl-with-the-amul-tattoo/story-0lNH47ZLJ7eWE5xsrm2gGO.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Jest+like+that%3A+Girl+with+the+Amul+tattoo&rft.date=2012-07-01&rft.aulast=Hazra&rft.aufirst=Indrajit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fjest-like-that-girl-with-the-amul-tattoo%2Fstory-0lNH47ZLJ7eWE5xsrm2gGO.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSreenivas2013" class="citation web cs1">Sreenivas (1 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918142958/http://www.creativebrandsmag.com/post.php?57">"The Moppet Show"</a>. <i>Creative Brands</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.creativebrandsmag.com/post.php?57">the original</a> on 18 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Creative+Brands&rft.atitle=The+Moppet+Show&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.au=Sreenivas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.creativebrandsmag.com%2Fpost.php%3F57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatt2017" class="citation news cs1">Bhatt, Shephali (2 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/the-unplanned-glory-of-surabhi/60286032">"The unplanned glory of Surabhi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170911025521/http://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/the-unplanned-glory-of-surabhi/60286032">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=The+unplanned+glory+of+Surabhi&rft.date=2017-09-02&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Shephali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fmedia%2Fthe-unplanned-glory-of-surabhi%2F60286032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamnath2013" class="citation web cs1">Ramnath, Nandini (30 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/PGSh77SpoycUtWuD4vssyK/Lounge-Loves--Amar-Chitra-Katha.html">"Lounge Loves | Amar Chitra Katha"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Live_Mint" class="mw-redirect" title="Live Mint">Live Mint</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160813032200/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/PGSh77SpoycUtWuD4vssyK/Lounge-Loves--Amar-Chitra-Katha.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Live+Mint&rft.atitle=Lounge+Loves+%7C+Amar+Chitra+Katha&rft.date=2013-11-30&rft.aulast=Ramnath&rft.aufirst=Nandini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2FLeisure%2FPGSh77SpoycUtWuD4vssyK%2FLounge-Loves--Amar-Chitra-Katha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit2013" class="citation news cs1">Pandit, Virendra (26 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/amar-chitra-katha-unveils-comics-on-kurien-plans-on-dhyanchand-kd-jadhav/article5393898.ece">"Amar Chitra Katha unveils comics on Kurien; plans on Dhyanchand, KD Jadhav"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Line" title="Business Line">Business Line</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140511163517/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/amar-chitra-katha-unveils-comics-on-kurien-plans-on-dhyanchand-kd-jadhav/article5393898.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Line&rft.atitle=Amar+Chitra+Katha+unveils+comics+on+Kurien%3B+plans+on+Dhyanchand%2C+KD+Jadhav&rft.date=2013-11-26&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Virendra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindubusinessline.com%2Fnews%2Famar-chitra-katha-unveils-comics-on-kurien-plans-on-dhyanchand-kd-jadhav%2Farticle5393898.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeredia1997" class="citation book cs1">Heredia, Ruth (1997). <i>The Amul India Story</i>. New Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Tata_McGraw_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata McGraw Hill">Tata McGraw Hill</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07463-160-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07463-160-7"><bdi>978-0-07463-160-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amul+India+Story&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw+Hill&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-07463-160-7&rft.aulast=Heredia&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKotler,_Neil_G.1990" class="citation book cs1">Kotler, Neil G. (1990). <i>Sharing Innovation: Global Perspectives on Food, Agriculture, and Rural Development</i>. International Rice Research Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-71104-221-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-71104-221-9"><bdi>978-9-71104-221-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharing+Innovation%3A+Global+Perspectives+on+Food%2C+Agriculture%2C+and+Rural+Development&rft.pub=International+Rice+Research+Institute&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-9-71104-221-9&rft.au=Kotler%2C+Neil+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenon1989" class="citation book cs1">Menon, Gita (1989). <i>Remembering Our Leaders: Volume 12</i>. <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Book_Trust" title="Children's Book Trust">Children's Book Trust</a>. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-17011-988-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-17011-988-3"><bdi>978-8-17011-988-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Remembering+Our+Leaders%3A+Volume+12&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Children%27s+Book+Trust&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-8-17011-988-3&rft.aulast=Menon&rft.aufirst=Gita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVerghese+Kurien" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Vibhushan550" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Template:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Template talk:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Vibhushan Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Vibhushan550" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Vibhushan_award_recipients" title="List of Padma Vibhushan award recipients">Recipients</a> of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Alkazi" title="Ebrahim Alkazi">Ebrahim Alkazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishori_Amonkar" title="Kishori Amonkar">Kishori Amonkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabha_Atre" title="Prabha Atre">Prabha Atre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan" title="Amitabh Bachchan">Amitabh Bachchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teejan_Bai" title="Teejan Bai">Teejan Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Balamuralikrishna" title="M. Balamuralikrishna">M. Balamuralikrishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasaraswati" title="Balasaraswati">T. Balasaraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._P._Balasubrahmanyam" title="S. P. Balasubrahmanyam">S. P. Balasubrahmanyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asha_Bhosle" title="Asha Bhosle">Asha Bhosle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandalal_Bose" title="Nandalal Bose">Nandalal Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariprasad_Chaurasia" title="Hariprasad Chaurasia">Hariprasad Chaurasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiranjeevi" title="Chiranjeevi">Chiranjeevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girija_Devi" title="Girija Devi">Girija Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Gandharva" title="Kumar Gandharva">Kumar Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Gopalakrishnan" title="Adoor Gopalakrishnan">Adoor Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Gujral" title="Satish Gujral">Satish Gujral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangubai_Hangal" title="Gangubai Hangal">Gangubai Hangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupen_Hazarika" title="Bhupen Hazarika">Bhupen Hazarika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._F._Husain" title="M. F. Husain">M. F. Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Hussain_(musician)" title="Zakir Hussain (musician)">Zakir Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semmangudi_Srinivasa_Iyer" title="Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer">Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimsen_Joshi" title="Bhimsen Joshi">Bhimsen Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Khan" title="Ali Akbar Khan">Ali Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Khan" title="Amjad Ali Khan">Amjad Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allauddin_Khan" title="Allauddin Khan">Allauddin Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mustafa_Khan_(singer)" title="Ghulam Mustafa Khan (singer)">Ghulam Mustafa Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamini_Krishnamurthy" title="Yamini Krishnamurthy">Yamini Krishnamurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar" title="Dilip Kumar">Dilip Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumudini_Lakhia" title="Kumudini Lakhia">Kumudini Lakhia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Laxman" title="R. K. Laxman">R. K. Laxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birju_Maharaj" title="Birju Maharaj">Birju Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishan_Maharaj" title="Kishan Maharaj">Kishan Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonal_Mansingh" title="Sonal Mansingh">Sonal Mansingh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Mansur" title="Mallikarjun Mansur">Mallikarjun Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Miranda" title="Mario Miranda">Mario Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhannulal_Mishra" title="Chhannulal Mishra">Chhannulal Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelucharan_Mohapatra" title="Kelucharan Mohapatra">Kelucharan Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Mohapatra" title="Raghunath Mohapatra">Raghunath Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasraj" title="Jasraj">Jasraj Motiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benode_Behari_Mukherjee" title="Benode Behari Mukherjee">Benode Behari Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrishikesh_Mukherjee" title="Hrishikesh Mukherjee">Hrishikesh Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajinikanth" title="Rajinikanth">Rajinikanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Narayan" title="Ram Narayan">Ram Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._K._Pattammal" title="D. K. Pattammal">D. K. Pattammal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balwant_Moreshwar_Purandare" class="mw-redirect" title="Balwant Moreshwar Purandare">Balwant Moreshwar Purandare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkineni_Nageswara_Rao" title="Akkineni Nageswara Rao">Akkineni Nageswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaloji_Narayana_Rao" title="Kaloji Narayana Rao">Kaloji Narayana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._H._Raza" title="S. H. Raza">S. H. Raza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohra_Sehgal" title="Zohra Sehgal">Zohra Sehgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uday_Shankar" title="Uday Shankar">Uday Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shantaram" title="V. Shantaram">V. Shantaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivkumar_Sharma" title="Shivkumar Sharma">Shivkumar Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharda_Sinha" title="Sharda Sinha">Sharda Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayalpuram_K._Sivaraman" title="Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman">Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Subramaniam" title="L. Subramaniam">L. Subramaniam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Subramanyan" title="K. G. Subramanyan">K. G. Subramanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapila_Vatsyayan" title="Kapila Vatsyayan">Kapila Vatsyayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homai_Vyarawalla" title="Homai Vyarawalla">Homai Vyarawalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Civil service</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bimala_Prasad_Chaliha" title="Bimala Prasad Chaliha">Bimala Prasad Chaliha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naresh_Chandra" title="Naresh Chandra">Naresh Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Chaturvedi" title="T. N. Chaturvedi">T. N. Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanto_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri">Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suranjan_Das" title="Suranjan Das">Suranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Dayal" title="Rajeshwar Dayal">Rajeshwar Dayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Devi" title="Basanti Devi">Basanti Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Dhar" title="P. N. Dhar">P. N. Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotindra_Nath_Dixit" title="Jyotindra Nath Dixit">Jyotindra Nath Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Gill" title="M. S. Gill">M. S. Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Mohamad_Ibrahim" title="Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim">Hafiz Mohamad Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._V._R._Iyengar" class="mw-redirect" title="H. V. R. Iyengar">H. V. R. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Nath_Jha" title="Bhola Nath Jha">Bhola Nath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._S._Joshi" title="D. S. Joshi">Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajudhiya_Nath_Khosla" title="Ajudhiya Nath Khosla">Ajudhiya Nath Khosla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_Krishnadasa" title="Rai Krishnadasa">Rai Krishnadasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Krishnamurthy" title="V. Krishnamurthy">V. Krishnamurthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramasiva_Prabhakar_Kumaramangalam" title="Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam">P. Prabhakar Kumaramangalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal" title="Pratap Chandra Lal">Pratap Chandra Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._B._Lall" title="K. B. Lall">K. B. Lall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om_Prakash_Mehra" title="Om Prakash Mehra">Om Prakash Mehra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Sinha_Mehta" title="Mohan Sinha Mehta">Mohan Sinha Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajesh_Mishra" title="Brajesh Mishra">Brajesh Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumati_Morarjee" title="Sumati Morarjee">Sumati Morarjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcot_Ramasamy_Mudaliar" title="Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar">A. Ramasamy Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardarilal_Mathradas_Nanda" title="Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda">Sardarilal Mathradas Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakravarthi_V._Narasimhan" title="Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan">Chakravarthi V. Narasimhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braj_Kumar_Nehru" title="Braj Kumar Nehru">Braj Kumar Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._D._Pande" title="B. D. Pande">Bhairab Dutt Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghananand_Pande" title="Ghananand Pande">Ghananand Pande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandit" title="Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit">Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Rajeswar" title="T. V. Rajeswar">T. V. Rajeswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Krishnaswamy_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao">C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._V._R._Rao" title="P. V. R. Rao">Pattadakal Venkanna R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._R._Varadaraja_Rao" class="mw-redirect" title="V. K. R. Varadaraja Rao">V. K. R. V. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipin_Rawat" title="Bipin Rawat">Bipin Rawat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusro_Faramurz_Rustamji" title="Khusro Faramurz Rustamji">Khusro Faramurz Rustamji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Chandra_Sarin" title="Harish Chandra Sarin">Harish Chandra Sarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binay_Ranjan_Sen" title="Binay Ranjan Sen">Binay Ranjan Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjan_Singh" title="Arjan Singh">Arjan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbaksh_Singh" title="Harbaksh Singh">Harbaksh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Kirpal_Singh_Ji_Maharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sant Kirpal Singh Ji Maharaj">Kirpal Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlok_Singh_(economist)" title="Tarlok Singh (economist)">Tarlok Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lallan_Prasad_Singh" title="Lallan Prasad Singh">Lallan Prasad Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Sivaraman" title="B. Sivaraman">Balaram Sivaraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrika_Prasad_Srivastava" title="Chandrika Prasad Srivastava">Chandrika Prasad Srivastava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Swaminathan" title="T. Swaminathan">T. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shridhar_Vaidya" title="Arun Shridhar Vaidya">Arun Shridhar Vaidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma_Vira" title="Dharma Vira">Dharma Vira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Nath_Vohra" title="Narinder Nath Vohra">Narinder Nath Vohra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Literature and <br />education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._S._R._Arunachalam" title="V. S. R. Arunachalam">V. S. R. Arunachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Bhagwati" title="Jagdish Bhagwati">Jagdish Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Chand_(archaeologist)" title="Tara Chand (archaeologist)">Tara Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suniti_Kumar_Chatterji" title="Suniti Kumar Chatterji">Suniti Kumar Chatterji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Chattopadhyaya" title="D. P. Chattopadhyaya">D. P. Chattopadhyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhabatosh_Datta" title="Bhabatosh Datta">Bhabatosh Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avinash_Dixit" title="Avinash Dixit">Avinash Dixit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kenneth_Galbraith" title="John Kenneth Galbraith">John Kenneth Galbraith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvepalli_Gopal" title="Sarvepalli Gopal">Sarvepalli Gopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshman_Shastri_Joshi" title="Lakshman Shastri Joshi">Lakshman Shastri Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaka_Kalelkar" title="Kaka Kalelkar">Kaka Kalelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhondo_Keshav_Karve" title="Dhondo Keshav Karve">Dhondo Keshav Karve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Kaviraj" title="Gopinath Kaviraj">Gopinath Kaviraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radheshyam_Khemka" title="Radheshyam Khemka">Radheshyam Khemka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._N._V._Kurup" title="O. N. V. Kurup">O. N. V. Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanta_Chandra_Mahalanobis" title="Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis">Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitakant_Mahapatra" title="Sitakant Mahapatra">Sitakant Mahapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mathai" class="mw-redirect" title="John Mathai">John Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotha_Satchidananda_Murthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotha Satchidananda Murthy">Kotha Satchidananda Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani_Gurmukh_Singh_Musafir" class="mw-redirect" title="Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir">Giani Gurmukh Singh Musafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanti_Dulal_Nagchaudhuri" title="Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri">Basanti Dulal Nagchaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._T._Vasudevan_Nair" title="M. T. Vasudevan Nair">M. T. Vasudevan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Ram_Nanda" title="Bal Ram Nanda">Bal Ram Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Narayan" title="R. K. Narayan">R. K. Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Parameswaran" title="P. Parameswaran">P. Parameswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrita_Pritam" title="Amrita Pritam">Amrita Pritam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Raj" title="K. N. Raj">K. N. Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Rangarajan" title="C. Rangarajan">C. Rangarajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rao" title="Raja Rao">Raja Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoji_Rao" title="Ramoji Rao">Ramoji Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormasji_Maneckji_Seervai" title="Hormasji Maneckji Seervai">Hormasji Maneckji Seervai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajaram_Shastri" title="Rajaram Shastri">Rajaram Shastri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._L._Shrimali" title="K. L. Shrimali">Kalu Lal Shrimali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govindbhai_Shroff" title="Govindbhai Shroff">Govindbhai Shroff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Singh" title="Khushwant Singh">Khushwant Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandeshwar_Prasad_Narayan_Singh" title="Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh">Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premlila_Vithaldas_Thackersey" title="Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey">Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevi_Varma" title="Mahadevi Varma">Mahadevi Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashir_Hussain_Zaidi" title="Bashir Hussain Zaidi">Bashir Hussain Zaidi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jasbir_Singh_Bajaj" title="Jasbir Singh Bajaj">Jasbir Singh Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Goyal" title="B. K. Goyal">B. K. Goyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purshotam_Lal" title="Purshotam Lal">Purshotam Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Lakshmanaswami_Mudaliar" title="A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar">A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._I._Padmavati" title="S. I. Padmavati">S. I. Padmavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autar_Singh_Paintal" title="Autar Singh Paintal">Autar Singh Paintal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Nageshwara_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="D. Nageshwara Reddy">D. Nageshwara Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kantilal_Hastimal_Sancheti" title="Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti">Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balu_Sankaran" title="Balu Sankaran">Balu Sankaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shanta" title="V. Shanta">V. Shanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithal_Nagesh_Shirodkar" title="Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar">Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Narain_Tandon" title="Prakash Narain Tandon">Prakash Narain Tandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihaspati_Dev_Triguna" title="Brihaspati Dev Triguna">Brihaspati Dev Triguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Valiathan" title="M. S. Valiathan">M. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Mahalanabis" title="Dilip Mahalanabis">Dilip Mahalanabis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunderlal_Bahuguna" title="Sunderlal Bahuguna">Sunderlal Bahuguna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._S._Iyengar" title="B. K. S. Iyengar">B. K. S. Iyengar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambhadracharya" title="Rambhadracharya">Rambhadracharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar_(spiritual_leader)" title="Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishwesha_Teertha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwesha Teertha">Vishwesha Teertha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaggi_Vasudev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaggi Vasudev">Jaggi Vasudev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Public affairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montek_Singh_Ahluwalia" title="Montek Singh Ahluwalia">Montek Singh Ahluwalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Asaf_Ali" title="Aruna Asaf Ali">Aruna Asaf Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazal_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazal Ali">Fazal Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adarsh_Sein_Anand" title="Adarsh Sein Anand">Adarsh Sein Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhav_Shrihari_Aney" title="Madhav Shrihari Aney">Madhav Shrihari Aney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikander_Bakht" title="Sikander Bakht">Sikander Bakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milon_K._Banerji" title="Milon K. Banerji">Milon K. Banerji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Hameedullah_Beg" title="Mirza Hameedullah Beg">Mirza Hameedullah Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._N._Bhagwati" title="P. N. Bhagwati">P. N. Bhagwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Chelliah" title="Raja Chelliah">Raja Chelliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._K._Daphtary" title="C. K. Daphtary">Chandra Kisan Daphtary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niren_De" title="Niren De">Niren De</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lancelot_Dias" title="Anthony Lancelot Dias">Anthony Lancelot Dias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uma_Shankar_Dikshit" title="Uma Shankar Dikshit">Uma Shankar Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Lhendup_Dorjee" title="Kazi Lhendup Dorjee">Kazi Lhendup Dorjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fernandes" title="George Fernandes">George Fernandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._B._Gajendragadkar" title="P. B. Gajendragadkar">P. B. Gajendragadkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gilman" title="Benjamin Gilman">Benjamin Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFl_Omar_Guelleh" title="Ismaïl Omar Guelleh">Ismaïl Omar Guelleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakir_Husain_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zakir Husain (politician)">Zakir Husain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Krishna_Iyer" title="V. R. Krishna Iyer">V. R. Krishna Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagmohan" title="Jagmohan">Jagmohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Chand_Jain" title="Lakshmi Chand Jain">Lakshmi Chand Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Jaitley" title="Arun Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Nath_Jha" title="Aditya Nath Jha">Aditya Nath Jha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murli_Manohar_Joshi" title="Murli Manohar Joshi">Murli Manohar Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anerood_Jugnauth" title="Anerood Jugnauth">Anerood Jugnauth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Nawaz_Jung" title="Mehdi Nawaz Jung">Mehdi Nawaz Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Yavar_Jung" title="Ali Yavar Jung">Ali Yavar Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Kelkar" title="Vijay Kelkar">Vijay Kelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Raj_Khanna" title="Hans Raj Khanna">Hans Raj Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._N._Khare" title="V. N. Khare">V. N. Khare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdish_Singh_Khehar" title="Jagdish Singh Khehar">Jagdish Singh Khehar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._G._Kher" title="B. G. Kher">Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhlaqur_Rahman_Kidwai" title="Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai">Akhlaqur Rahman Kidwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivraj_Narayan_Mehta" title="Jivraj Narayan Mehta">Jivraj Narayan Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirendranath_Mukherjee" title="Hirendranath Mukherjee">Hirendranath Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajoy_Mukherjee" title="Ajoy Mukherjee">Ajoy Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmaja_Naidu" title="Padmaja Naidu">Padmaja Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govind_Narain" title="Govind Narain">Govind Narain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fali_Sam_Nariman" title="Fali Sam Nariman">Fali Sam Nariman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosei_Norota" title="Hosei Norota">Hosei Norota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanabhoy_Palkhivala" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanabhoy Palkhivala">Nanabhoy Palkhivala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Parasaran" title="K. Parasaran">K. Parasaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hari_Vinayak_Pataskar" title="Hari Vinayak Pataskar">Hari Vinayak Pataskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sunder Lal Patwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Pillai" title="N. R. Pillai">Naryana Raghvan Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Prakasa" title="Sri Prakasa">Sri Prakasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._G._Ranga" title="N. G. Ranga">N. G. Ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Narayana_Reddy" title="Ravi Narayana Reddy">Ravi Narayana Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y._Venugopal_Reddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Y. Venugopal Reddy">Y. Venugopal Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammed_Sadiq" title="Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq">Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Sahgal" title="Lakshmi Sahgal">Lakshmi Sahgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._A._Sangma" title="P. A. Sangma">P. A. Sangma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Setalvad" title="M. C. Setalvad">M. C. Setalvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karan_Singh" title="Karan Singh">Karan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagendra_Singh" title="Nagendra Singh">Nagendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaran_Singh" title="Swaran Singh">Swaran Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Sisulu" title="Walter Sisulu">Walter Sisulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soli_Sorabjee" title="Soli Sorabjee">Soli Sorabjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Sundaram" title="Kalyan Sundaram">Kalyan Sundaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushma_Swaraj" title="Sushma Swaraj">Sushma Swaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandulal_Madhavlal_Trivedi" title="Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi">Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Venkatachaliah" title="M. N. Venkatachaliah">M. N. Venkatachaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._K._Venugopal" title="K. K. Venugopal">Kottayan Katankot Venugopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigme_Dorji_Wangchuck" title="Jigme Dorji Wangchuck">Jigme Dorji Wangchuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._M._Krishna" title="S. M. Krishna">S. M. Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulayam_Singh_Yadav" title="Mulayam Singh Yadav">Mulayam Singh Yadav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Science and <br />engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Aatre" title="V. K. Aatre">V. K. Aatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali" title="Salim Ali">Salim Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopala_Chidambaram" title="Rajagopala Chidambaram">Rajagopala Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Correa" title="Charles Correa">Charles Correa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Dhawan" title="Satish Dhawan">Satish Dhawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Kakodkar" title="Anil Kakodkar">Anil Kakodkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._P._J._Abdul_Kalam" title="A. P. J. Abdul Kalam">A. P. J. Abdul Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaswamy_Kasturirangan" title="Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan">Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Singh_Kothari" title="Daulat Singh Kothari">Daulat Singh Kothari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar" title="Raghunath Anant Mashelkar">Raghunath Anant Mashelkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Madhavan_Nair" title="G. Madhavan Nair">G. Madhavan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roddam_Narasimha" title="Roddam Narasimha">Roddam Narasimha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_K._Pachauri" title="Rajendra K. Pachauri">Rajendra K. Pachauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yash_Pal" title="Yash Pal">Yash Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._G._Patel" title="I. G. Patel">I. G. Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkatraman_Ramakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkatraman Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna" title="Raja Ramanna">Raja Ramanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._N._R._Rao" title="C. N. R. Rao">C. N. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palle_Rama_Rao" title="Palle Rama Rao">Palle Rama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_Ramachandra_Rao" title="Udupi Ramachandra Rao">Udupi Ramachandra Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Mohan_Sharma" title="Man Mohan Sharma">Man Mohan Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaid_Siddiqi" title="Obaid Siddiqi">Obaid Siddiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Sreedharan" title="E. Sreedharan">E. Sreedharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Srinivasan" title="M. R. Srinivasan">M. R. Srinivasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">George Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Social work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaki_Devi_Bajaj" title="Janaki Devi Bajaj">Janaki Devi Bajaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabehn" title="Mirabehn">Mirabehn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durgabai_Deshmukh" title="Durgabai Deshmukh">Durgabai Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanaji_Deshmukh" title="Nanaji Deshmukh">Nanaji Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Deshpande" title="Nirmala Deshpande">Nirmala Deshpande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Dharia" title="Mohan Dharia">Mohan Dharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._N._Dhebar" title="U. N. Dhebar">U. N. Dhebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_Gracias" title="Valerian Gracias">Valerian Gracias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Heggade" title="Veerendra Heggade">Veerendra Heggade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Clubwala_Jadhav" title="Mary Clubwala Jadhav">Mary Clubwala Jadhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaganvihari_Lallubhai_Mehta" title="Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta">Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Mehta" title="Usha Mehta">Usha Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Joshi" title="Nirmala Joshi">Sister Nirmala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Sengupta" title="Nellie Sengupta">Nellie Sengupta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viswanathan_Anand" title="Viswanathan Anand">Viswanathan Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Edmund Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kom" title="Mary Kom">Mary Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachin_Tendulkar" title="Sachin Tendulkar">Sachin Tendulkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;font-weight:normal;">Trade and industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0;line-height:1.3em; white-space:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhirubhai_Ambani" title="Dhirubhai Ambani">Dhirubhai Ambani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._D._Birla" title="G. D. Birla">Ghanshyam Das Birla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashok_Sekhar_Ganguly" title="Ashok Sekhar Ganguly">Ashok Sekhar Ganguly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aga_Khan_IV" title="Aga Khan IV">Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Mittal" title="Lakshmi Mittal">Lakshmi Mittal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anil_Manibhai_Naik" class="mw-redirect" title="Anil Manibhai Naik">Anil Manibhai Naik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Narayana_Murthy" title="N. R. Narayana Murthy">N. R. Narayana Murthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Narasimham" title="M. Narasimham">M. Narasimham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithvi_Raj_Singh_Oberoi" title="Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi">Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azim_Premji" title="Azim Premji">Azim Premji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prathap_C._Reddy" title="Prathap C. Reddy">Prathap C. Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Suzuki_(businessman)" title="Osamu Suzuki (businessman)">Osamu Suzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._D._Tata" title="J. R. D. Tata">J. R. D. Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratan_Tata" title="Ratan Tata">Ratan Tata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_awards_templates" title="Category:Indian awards templates">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_India" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject India">WikiProject</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960–1969)768" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1960%E2%80%931969" title="Template:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1960%E2%80%931969" title="Template talk:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Bhushan_Award_Recipients_1960%E2%80%931969" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Bhushan Award Recipients 1960–1969"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960–1969)768" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan</a> award recipients (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridas_Siddhanta_Bagish" title="Haridas Siddhanta Bagish">Haridas Siddhanta Bagish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabindra_Nath_Chaudhuri" title="Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri">Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Das" title="Nilakantha Das">Nilakantha Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajeshwar_Shastri_Dravid" title="Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid">Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Ali_Khan" title="Hafiz Ali Khan">Hafiz Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Krishna_Sharma_Naveen" title="Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen">Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyadevara_Kaleswara_Rao" title="Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao">Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Shivpujan_Sahay" title="Acharya Shivpujan Sahay">Acharya Shivpujan Sahay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithal_Nagesh_Shirodkar" title="Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar">Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1961</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rustomji_Bomanji_Billimoria" title="Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria">Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Govind_Das" title="Seth Govind Das">Seth Govind Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrier_Elwin" title="Verrier Elwin">Verrier Elwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Das_Gulhati" title="Niranjan Das Gulhati">Niranjan Das Gulhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Venkatakrishna_Iyer" title="L. Venkatakrishna Iyer">L. Venkatakrishna Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anand_Krishna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anand Krishna (page does not exist)">Rai Krishnadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitranandan_Pant" title="Sumitranandan Pant">Sumitranandan Pant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svetoslav_Roerich" title="Svetoslav Roerich">Svetoslav Roerich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Sahay" title="Bhagwan Sahay">Bhagwan Sahay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindeshwari_Prasad_Verma" title="Bindeshwari Prasad Verma">Bindeshwari Prasad Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnasami_Venkataraman" title="Krishnasami Venkataraman">Krishnasami Venkataraman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardeshir_Ruttonji_Wadia" title="Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia">Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramchandra_Narayan_Dandekar" title="Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar">Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Chandra_Dhanda" title="Prem Chandra Dhanda">Prem Chandra Dhanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaf_Ali_Asghar_Fyzee" title="Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee">Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bade_Ghulam_Ali_Khan" title="Bade Ghulam Ali Khan">Bade Ghulam Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daulat_Singh_Kothari" title="Daulat Singh Kothari">Daulat Singh Kothari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithan_Jamshed_Lam" title="Mithan Jamshed Lam">Mithan Jamshed Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhansu_Sobhan_Maitra" title="Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra">Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisir_Kumar_Mitra" title="Sisir Kumar Mitra">Sisir Kumar Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarabai_Modak" title="Tarabai Modak">Tarabai Modak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niaz_Fatehpuri" title="Niaz Fatehpuri">Niaz Fatehpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jal_R._Patel" title="Jal R. Patel">Jal Ratanji Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Sitaram_Phadke" title="Narayan Sitaram Phadke">Narayan Sitaram Phadke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Raghavan" title="V. Raghavan">V. Raghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukhan_Ram" title="Dukhan Ram">Dukhan Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Soundram" class="mw-redirect" title="T. S. Soundram">T. S. Soundram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahankali_Seetharama_Rao" title="Mahankali Seetharama Rao">Mahankali Seetharama Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moturi_Satyanarayana" title="Moturi Satyanarayana">Moturi Satyanarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitaram_Seksaria" title="Sitaram Seksaria">Sitaram Seksaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santosh_Kumar_Sen" title="Santosh Kumar Sen">Santosh Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarlok_Singh_(economist)" title="Tarlok Singh (economist)">Tarlok Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Radhika_Raman_Sinha" title="Raja Radhika Raman Sinha">Raja Radhika Raman Sinha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1963</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhanlal_Chaturvedi" title="Makhanlal Chaturvedi">Makhanlal Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omeo_Kumar_Das" title="Omeo Kumar Das">Omeo Kumar Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitish_Chandra_Laharry" title="Nitish Chandra Laharry">Nitish Chandra Laharry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badri_Nath_Prasad" title="Badri Nath Prasad">Badri Nath Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanuri_Lakshmana_Rao" title="Kanuri Lakshmana Rao">Kanuri Lakshmana Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Sankrityayan" title="Rahul Sankrityayan">Rahul Sankrityayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanlal_Gokaldas_Saraiya" title="Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya">Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._R._Seshadri" title="T. R. Seshadri">T. R. Seshadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Harnarain_Singh" title="Sardar Harnarain Singh">Sardar Harnarain Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramkumar_Verma" title="Ramkumar Verma">Ramkumar Verma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1964</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah_(educationalist)" title="Sheikh Abdullah (educationalist)">Sheikh Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuruddin_Ahmed" title="Nuruddin Ahmed">Nuruddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiuddin_Ahmed_(dentist)" title="Rafiuddin Ahmed (dentist)">Rafiuddin Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Chandy" title="Jacob Chandy">Jacob Chandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunji_Lal_Dubey" title="Kunji Lal Dubey">Kunji Lal Dubey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Kanti_Ghosh" title="Tushar Kanti Ghosh">Tushar Kanti Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Nusserwanji_Khurody" title="Dara Nusserwanji Khurody">Dara Nusserwanji Khurody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anukul_Chandra_Mukherjee" title="Anukul Chandra Mukherjee">Anukul Chandra Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanendra_Nath_Mukherjee" title="Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee">Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhola_Nath_Mullik" title="Bhola Nath Mullik">Bhola Nath Mullik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Narayan" title="R. K. Narayan">R. K. Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintaman_Govind_Pandit" title="Chintaman Govind Pandit">Chintaman Govind Pandit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvandas_Kishibhai_Patel" title="Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel">Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bal_Gandharva" title="Bal Gandharva">Bal Gandharva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Ramachandran" title="T. N. Ramachandran">T. N. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khushwant_Lal_Wig" title="Khushwant Lal Wig">Khushwant Lal Wig</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1965</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joginder_Singh_Dhillon" title="Joginder Singh Dhillon">Joginder Singh Dhillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhalchandra_Babaji_Dikshit" title="Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit">Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasinh_Narayan_Godbole" title="Narasinh Narayan Godbole">Narasinh Narayan Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawang_Gombu_Sherpa" title="Nawang Gombu Sherpa">Nawang Gombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Gyatso_(mountaineer)" title="Sonam Gyatso (mountaineer)">Sonam Gyatso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akbar_Ali_Khan_(politician)" title="Akbar Ali Khan (politician)">Akbar Ali Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._L._Kirloskar" title="S. L. Kirloskar">S. L. Kirloskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohan_Singh_Kohli" title="Mohan Singh Kohli">Mohan Singh Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbaksh_Singh" title="Harbaksh Singh">Harbaksh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Dunn_(Indian_Army_general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Dunn (Indian Army general)">P. O. Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Singh_Katoch" title="Kashmir Singh Katoch">Kashmir Singh Katoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Chandra_Lal" title="Pratap Chandra Lal">Pratap Chandra Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaswamy_Rajaram" title="Ramaswamy Rajaram">Ramaswamy Rajaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Mujeeb" title="Mohammad Mujeeb">Mohammad Mujeeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar" title="Jayant Narlikar">Jayant Narlikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triguna_Sen" title="Triguna Sen">Triguna Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan_Lal_Verma" title="Vrindavan Lal Verma">Vrindavan Lal Verma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikya_Lal_Verma" title="Manikya Lal Verma">Manikya Lal Verma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1966</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babubhai_Maneklal_Chinai" title="Babubhai Maneklal Chinai">Babubhai Maneklal Chinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puliyur_Krishnaswamy_Duraiswami" title="Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami">Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Kesava_Menon" title="K. P. Kesava Menon">K. P. Kesava Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannathu_Padmanabha_Pillai" title="Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai">Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Sarabhai" title="Vikram Sarabhai">Vikram Sarabhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayak_Sitaram_Sarwate" title="Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate">Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homi_Sethna" title="Homi Sethna">Homi Sethna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodh_Singh" title="Jodh Singh">Jodh Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haribhau_Upadhyaya" title="Haribhau Upadhyaya">Haribhau Upadhyaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulk_Raj_Anand" title="Mulk Raj Anand">Mulk Raj Anand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Cherian" title="Tara Cherian">Tara Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Kanta_Handique" title="Krishna Kanta Handique">Krishna Kanta Handique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshay_Kumar_Jain" title="Akshay Kumar Jain">Akshay Kumar Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupul_Jayakar" title="Pupul Jayakar">Pupul Jayakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Khan" title="Ali Akbar Khan">Ali Akbar Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._P._Kohli" title="D. P. Kohli">D. P. Kohli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathan_Krishnan" title="Ramanathan Krishnan">Ramanathan Krishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheruvari_Lakshmanan" title="Cheruvari Lakshmanan">Cheruvari Lakshmanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._I._Padmavati" title="S. I. Padmavati">S. I. Padmavati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._C._Pavate" title="D. C. Pavate">D. C. Pavate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datto_Vaman_Potdar" title="Datto Vaman Potdar">Datto Vaman Potdar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Shiva_Rao" title="B. Shiva Rao">B. Shiva Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ghulam_Saiyidain" title="Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain">Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mihir_Sen" title="Mihir Sen">Mihir Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._L._Vasanthakumari" title="M. L. Vasanthakumari">M. L. Vasanthakumari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1968</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Vishva_Bandhu" title="Acharya Vishva Bandhu">Acharya Vishva Bandhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhu_Lal_Bhatnagar" title="Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar">Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Clubwala_Jadhav" title="Mary Clubwala Jadhav">Mary Clubwala Jadhav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivaram_Karanth" title="Shivaram Karanth">K. Shivaram Karanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismillah_Khan" title="Bismillah Khan">Bismillah Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Sakharam_Khandekar" title="Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar">Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Manekshaw" title="Sam Manekshaw">Sam Manekshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansukhlal_Atmaram_Master" title="Mansukhlal Atmaram Master">Mansukhlal Atmaram Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._K._Menon" title="M. G. K. Menon">M. G. K. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waman_Bapuji_Metre" title="Waman Bapuji Metre">Waman Bapuji Metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarmal_Modi" title="Gujarmal Modi">Gujarmal Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murugappa_Channaveerappa_Modi" title="Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi">Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Peary_Pal" title="Benjamin Peary Pal">Benjamin Peary Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahm_Prakash" title="Brahm Prakash">Brahm Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manikonda_Chalapathi_Rau" class="mw-redirect" title="Manikonda Chalapathi Rau">Manikonda Chalapathi Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._R._Rao" title="C. R. Rao">C. R. Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanath_Rath" title="Radhanath Rath">Radhanath Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariadas_Ruthnaswamy" title="Mariadas Ruthnaswamy">Mariadas Ruthnaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaq_Gorakhpuri" title="Firaq Gorakhpuri">Firaq Gorakhpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shripad_Damodar_Satwalekar" title="Shripad Damodar Satwalekar">Shripad Damodar Satwalekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Sankara_Kurup" title="G. Sankara Kurup">G. Sankara Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periyasaamy_Thooran" title="Periyasaamy Thooran">Periyasaamy Thooran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamidipudi_Venkatarangayya" title="Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya">Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarasankar_Bandyopadhyay" title="Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay">Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahim-ud-in_Khan_Dagar" title="Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar">Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal_Lallubhai_Dantwala" title="Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala">Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshavrao_Krishnarao_Datey" title="Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey">Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshav_Prasad_Goenka" title="Keshav Prasad Goenka">Keshav Prasad Goenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semmangudi_Srinivasa_Iyer" title="Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer">Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithalbhai_Jhaveri" title="Vithalbhai Jhaveri">Vithalbhai Jhaveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prithviraj_Kapoor" title="Prithviraj Kapoor">Prithviraj Kapoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesarbai_Kerkar" title="Kesarbai Kerkar">Kesarbai Kerkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Kripalani" title="Krishna Kripalani">Krishna Kripalani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adinath_Lahiri" title="Adinath Lahiri">Adinath Lahiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobind_Behari_Lal" title="Gobind Behari Lal">Gobind Behari Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturbhai_Lalbhai" title="Kasturbhai Lalbhai">Kasturbhai Lalbhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mangeshkar" title="Lata Mangeshkar">Lata Mangeshkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Narayana_Menon" title="V. K. Narayana Menon">V. K. Narayana Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saghar_Nizami" title="Saghar Nizami">Saghar Nizami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanasaheb_Parulekar" title="Nanasaheb Parulekar">Nanasaheb Parulekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashwant_Dinkar_Pendharkar" title="Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar">Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitthal_Laxman_Phadke" title="Vitthal Laxman Phadke">Vitthal Laxman Phadke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rao" title="Raja Rao">Raja Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niharranjan_Ray" title="Niharranjan Ray">Niharranjan Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Sen" title="Prafulla Kumar Sen">Prafulla Kumar Sen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haroon_Khan_Sherwani" title="Haroon Khan Sherwani">Haroon Khan Sherwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Tata" title="Naval Tata">Naval Tata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._S._Vasan" title="S. S. Vasan">S. S. Vasan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div># Posthumous conferral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1954%E2%80%931959)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959)">1954–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Padma_Bhushan_award_recipients_(2020%E2%80%932029)" title="List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (2020–2029)">2020–2029</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Trade_&amp;_Industry88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Trade_%26_Industry" title="Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Trade_%26_Industry" title="Template talk:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Shri_Award_Recipients_in_Trade_%26_Industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade & Industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_Padma_Shri_in_Trade_&amp;_Industry88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> in Trade & Industry</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atma_Ram_(scientist)" title="Atma Ram (scientist)">Atma Ram</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adinath_Lahiri" title="Adinath Lahiri">Adinath Lahiri</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vithalrao_Vikhe_Patil" title="Vithalrao Vikhe Patil">Vithalrao Vikhe Patil</a> (1961)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Alkazi" title="Ebrahim Alkazi">Ebrahim Alkazi</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Nagappa_Chettiar" title="A. Nagappa Chettiar">A. Nagappa Chettiar</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ved_Rattan_Mohan" title="Ved Rattan Mohan">Ved Rattan Mohan</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khailshanker_Durlabhji" title="Khailshanker Durlabhji">Khailshanker Durlabhji</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udaybhansinhji_Natwarsinhji_Jethwa" title="Udaybhansinhji Natwarsinhji Jethwa">Udaybhansinhji Natwarsinhji Jethwa</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Sahai_Jindal" title="Devi Sahai Jindal">Devi Sahai Jindal</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelavarthy_Nayudamma" title="Yelavarthy Nayudamma">Yelavarthy Nayudamma</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Nath_Sahni" title="Prem Nath Sahni">Prem Nath Sahni</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._D._Shourie" title="H. D. Shourie">H. D. Shourie</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanmullji_Chordia" title="Mohanmullji Chordia">Mohanmullji Chordia</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waman_Dattatreya_Patwardhan" title="Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan">Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jadunath_Supakar" title="Jadunath Supakar">Jadunath Supakar</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Sethna" title="Nelly Sethna">Nelly Sethna</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw" title="Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw">Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lila_Poonawalla" title="Lila Poonawalla">Lila Poonawalla</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._V._Rao" title="B. V. Rao">B. V. Rao</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasantrao_S._Dempo" title="Vasantrao S. Dempo">Vasantrao S. Dempo</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Gelli" title="Ramesh Gelli">Ramesh Gelli</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalchand_Hirachand" title="Lalchand Hirachand">Lalchand Hirachand</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._Mammen_Mappillai" title="K. M. Mammen Mappillai">K. M. Mammen Mappillai</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Sargogi" title="Meenakshi Sargogi">Meenakshi Sargogi</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harshavardhan_Neotia" title="Harshavardhan Neotia">Harshavardhan Neotia</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Narayana_Murthy" title="N. R. Narayana Murthy">N. R. Narayana Murthy</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandathil_Mammen_Philip" title="Kandathil Mammen Philip">Kandathil Mammen Philip</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallam_Anji_Reddy" title="Kallam Anji Reddy">Kallam Anji Reddy</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalli_Kuppuswami_Chetti" title="Nalli Kuppuswami Chetti">Nalli Kuppuswami Chetti</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharayu_Daftary" title="Sharayu Daftary">Sharayu Daftary</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahnaz_Husain" title="Shahnaz Husain">Shahnaz Husain</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suresh_Krishna_(Industrialist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suresh Krishna (Industrialist)">Suresh Krishna</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajinder_Gupta" title="Rajinder Gupta">Rajinder Gupta</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naina_Lal_Kidwai" title="Naina Lal Kidwai">Naina Lal Kidwai</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sivasailam" title="A. Sivasailam">A. Sivasailam</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit_Mitra" title="Amit Mitra">Amit Mitra</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Krishna_Kumar" title="R. K. Krishna Kumar">R. K. Krishna Kumar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Shetty" title="B. R. Shetty">B. R. Shetty</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Manoharan" title="T. N. Manoharan">T. N. Manoharan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapil_Mohan" title="Kapil Mohan">Kapil Mohan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsanbhai_Patel" title="Karsanbhai Patel">Karsanbhai Patel</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Ravi_Pillai" title="B. Ravi Pillai">B. Ravi Pillai</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deepak_Puri" title="Deepak Puri">Deepak Puri</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVS_Raju" title="AVS Raju">AVS Raju</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venu_Srinivasan" title="Venu Srinivasan">Venu Srinivasan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irshad_Mirza" title="Irshad Mirza">Irshad Mirza</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecca_Rafeeque_Ahmed" title="Mecca Rafeeque Ahmed">Mecca Rafeeque Ahmed</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sat_Pal_Khattar" title="Sat Pal Khattar">Sat Pal Khattar</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasam_Raghavendra_Rao" title="Kailasam Raghavendra Rao">Kailasam Raghavendra Rao</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Firodia" title="Arun Firodia">Arun Firodia</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priya_Paul" title="Priya Paul">Priya Paul</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Pillai" title="Gopinath Pillai">Gopinath Pillai</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swati_Piramal" title="Swati Piramal">Swati Piramal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoji_Shiba" title="Shoji Shiba">Shoji Shiba</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemendra_Prasad_Barooah" title="Hemendra Prasad Barooah">Hemendra Prasad Barooah</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milind_Kamble" title="Milind Kamble">Milind Kamble</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandana_Luthra" title="Vandana Luthra">Vandana Luthra</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajshree_Pathy" title="Rajshree Pathy">Rajshree Pathy</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Saroj" title="Kalpana Saroj">Kalpana Saroj</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Kumar_Narra" title="Ravi Kumar Narra">Ravi Kumar Narra</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratap_Govindrao_Pawar" title="Pratap Govindrao Pawar">Pratap Govindrao Pawar</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesh_Saraiya" title="Rajesh Saraiya">Rajesh Saraiya</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallika_Srinivasan" title="Mallika Srinivasan">Mallika Srinivasan</a> (2014)</li> <li>T. V. Mohandas Pai (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaypal_Singh_Banga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ajaypal Singh Banga">Ajaypal Singh Banga</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keki_Hormusji_Gharda" title="Keki Hormusji Gharda">Keki Hormusji Gharda</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Shanghvi" title="Dilip Shanghvi">Dilip Shanghvi</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Sharma" title="Mahesh Sharma">Mahesh Sharma</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saurabh_Srivastava_(entrepreneur)" title="Saurabh Srivastava (entrepreneur)">Saurabh Srivastava</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwarlal_Kabra" title="Rameshwarlal Kabra">Rameshwarlal Kabra</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantanu_Narayen" title="Shantanu Narayen">Shantanu Narayen</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Prakash_Agarwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jai Prakash Agarwal">Jai Prakash Agarwal</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjeev_Bikhchandani" title="Sanjeev Bikhchandani">Sanjeev Bikhchandani</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Goenka" title="Bharat Goenka">Bharat Goenka</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Sankeshwar" title="Vijay Sankeshwar">Vijay Sankeshwar</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romesh_Wadhwani" title="Romesh Wadhwani">Romesh Wadhwani</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Watsa" title="Prem Watsa">Prem Watsa</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sridhar_Vembu" title="Sridhar Vembu">Sridhar Vembu</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prahlad_Rai_Agarwala" title="Prahlad Rai Agarwala">Prahlad Rai Agarwala</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagjit_Singh_Dardi" title="Jagjit Singh Dardi">Jagjit Singh Dardi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktamani_Devi" title="Muktamani Devi">Muktamani Devi</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryuko_Hira" title="Ryuko Hira">Ryuko Hira</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakesh_Jhunjhunwala" title="Rakesh Jhunjhunwala">Rakesh Jhunjhunwala</a> (Posthumous) (2023)</li> <li>Areez Khambatta (Posthumous) (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumar_Mangalam_Birla" title="Kumar Mangalam Birla">Kumar Mangalam Birla</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpana_Morparia" title="Kalpana Morparia">Kalpana Morparia</a> (2024)</li> <li>Shashi Soni (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundhati_Bhattacharya" title="Arundhati Bhattacharya">Arundhati Bhattacharya</a> (2025)</li> <li>Onkar Singh Pahwa (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawan_Kumar_Goenka" title="Pawan Kumar Goenka">Pawan Kumar Goenka</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashanth_Prakash" title="Prashanth Prakash">Prashanth Prakash</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._G._Chandramogan" title="R. G. Chandramogan">R. G. Chandramogan</a> (2025)</li> <li>Sajjan Bhajanka (2025)</li> <li>Sally Holkar (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_winners_of_India87" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RMA_winners_of_India" title="Template:RMA winners of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RMA_winners_of_India" title="Template talk:RMA winners of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RMA_winners_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RMA winners of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_winners_of_India87" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay_Award" title="Ramon Magsaysay Award">Ramon Magsaysay Award</a> winners of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amitabha_Chowdhury" title="Amitabha Chowdhury">Amitabha Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshu_Gupta" title="Anshu Gupta">Anshu Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruna_Roy" title="Aruna Roy">Aruna Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arun_Shourie" title="Arun Shourie">Arun Shourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banoo_Jehangir_Coyaji" title="Banoo Jehangir Coyaji">Banoo Jehangir Coyaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezwada_Wilson" title="Bezwada Wilson">Bezwada Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Vatwani" title="Bharat Vatwani">Bharat Vatwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._G._Verghese" title="B. G. Verghese">B. G. Verghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Prasad_Bhatt" title="Chandi Prasad Bhatt">Chandi Prasad Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._D._Deshmukh" title="C. D. Deshmukh">C. D. Deshmukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Nusserwanji_Khurody" title="Dara Nusserwanji Khurody">Dara Nusserwanji Khurody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Joshi" title="Deep Joshi">Deep Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ela_Bhatt" title="Ela Bhatt">Ela Bhatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gour_Kishore_Ghosh" title="Gour Kishore Ghosh">Gour Kishore Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Hande" title="Harish Hande">Harish Hande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jockin_Arputham" title="Jockin Arputham">Jockin Arputham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Lyngdoh" title="James Michael Lyngdoh">James Michael Lyngdoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayaprakash Narayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaladevi_Chattopadhyay" title="Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay">Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiran_Bedi" title="Kiran Bedi">Kiran Bedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulandei_Francis" title="Kulandei Francis">Kulandei Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._V._Subbanna" title="K. V. Subbanna">K. V. Subbanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Chand_Jain" title="Lakshmi Chand Jain">Lakshmi Chand Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxminarayan_Ramdas" title="Laxminarayan Ramdas">Laxminarayan Ramdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabelle_Arole" title="Mabelle Arole">Mabelle Arole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahasweta_Devi" title="Mahasweta Devi">Mahasweta Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._C._Mehta" title="M. C. Mehta">Mahesh Chandra Mehta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manibhai_Desai" title="Manibhai Desai">Manibhai Desai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandakini_Amte" title="Mandakini Amte">Mandakini Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Subbulakshmi" title="M. S. Subbulakshmi">M. S. Subbulakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">M. S. Swaminathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nileema_Mishra" title="Nileema Mishra">Nileema Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palagummi_Sainath" title="Palagummi Sainath">Palagummi Sainath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prakash_Amte" title="Prakash Amte">Prakash Amte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Sethi" title="P. K. Sethi">P. K. Sethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Singh" title="Rajendra Singh">Rajendra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravish_Kumar" title="Ravish Kumar">Ravish Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Laxman" title="R. K. Laxman">R. K. Laxman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajanikant_Arole" title="Rajanikant Arole">Rajanikant Arole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjiv_Chaturvedi" title="Sanjiv Chaturvedi">Sanjiv Chaturvedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sombhu_Mitra" title="Sombhu Mitra">Sombhu Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandeep_Pandey" title="Sandeep Pandey">Sandeep Pandey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantha_Sinha" title="Shantha Sinha">Shantha Sinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonam_Wangchuk_(engineer)" title="Sonam Wangchuk (engineer)">Sonam Wangchuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._M._Krishna" title="T. M. Krishna">T. M. Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Seshan" title="T. N. Seshan">T. N. Seshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribhuvandas_Kishibhai_Patel" title="Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel">Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Shanta" title="V. Shanta">V. Shanta</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoba_Bhave" title="Vinoba Bhave">Vinoba Bhave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_winners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners">List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Padma_Award_winners_of_Kerala342" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Padma_Award_winners_of_Kerala" title="Template:Padma Award winners of Kerala"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Padma_Award_winners_of_Kerala" title="Template talk:Padma Award winners of Kerala"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Padma_Award_winners_of_Kerala" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Padma Award winners of Kerala"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Padma_Award_winners_of_Kerala342" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Padma Award winners of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Vibhushan" title="Padma Vibhushan">Padma Vibhushan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Gopalakrishnan" title="Adoor Gopalakrishnan">Adoor Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">E. C. George Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Sreedharan" title="E. Sreedharan">E. Sreedharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Madhavan_Nair" title="G. Madhavan Nair">G. Madhavan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Matthai" title="John Matthai">John Matthai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._N._Raj" title="K. N. Raj">K. N. Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayan_Katankot_Venugopal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottayan Katankot Venugopal">Kottayan Katankot Venugopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Valiathan" title="M. S. Valiathan">M. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Pillai" title="N. R. Pillai">N. R. Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._N._V._Kurup" title="O. N. V. Kurup">O. N. V. Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Krishna_Menon" title="V. K. Krishna Menon">V. K. Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._R._Krishna_Iyer" title="V. R. Krishna Iyer">V. R. Krishna Iyer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan (Male)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._C._N._Nambiar" title="A. C. N. Nambiar">A. C. N. Nambiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammannur_Madhava_Chakyar" title="Ammannur Madhava Chakyar">Ammannur Madhava Chakyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Ramachandran" title="A. Ramachandran">A. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sreedhara_Menon" title="A. Sreedhara Menon">A. Sreedhara Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._P._Krishnan_Nair" title="C. P. Krishnan Nair">C. P. Krishnan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chembai" title="Chembai">Chembai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._C._George_Sudarshan" title="E. C. George Sudarshan">E. C. George Sudarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eledath_Thaikkattu_Narayanan_Mooss" class="mw-redirect" title="Eledath Thaikkattu Narayanan Mooss">Eledath Thaikkattu Narayanan Mooss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Madhavan_Nair" title="G. Madhavan Nair">G. Madhavan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Sankara_Kurup" title="G. Sankara Kurup">G. Sankara Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Chiramel" title="Gabriel Chiramel">Gabriel Chiramel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Joseph_(scientist)" title="George Joseph (scientist)">George Joseph (scientist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Kunchu_Kurup" title="Guru Kunchu Kurup">Guru Kunchu Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Chandy" title="Jacob Chandy">Jacob Chandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._G._Subramanyan" title="K. G. Subramanyan">K. G. Subramanyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._George_(writer)" title="K. M. George (writer)">K. M. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._Mathew" title="K. M. Mathew">K. M. Mathew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Kesava_Menon" title="K. P. Kesava Menon">K. P. Kesava Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._P._Nambiar" title="K. P. P. Nambiar">K. P. P. Nambiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._S._Menon_(senior)" class="mw-redirect" title="K. P. S. Menon (senior)">K. P. S. Menon (senior)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Ramanathan" title="K. R. Ramanathan">K. R. Ramanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Radhakrishnan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Radhakrishnan">K. Radhakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Sankaran_Nair" title="K. Sankaran Nair">K. Sankaran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Sukumaran_(journalist)" title="K. Sukumaran (journalist)">K. Sukumaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._T._Thomas_(Justice)" class="mw-redirect" title="K. T. Thomas (Justice)">K. T. Thomas (Justice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandathil_Mammen_Cherian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandathil Mammen Cherian">Kandathil Mammen Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavalam_Narayana_Panicker" title="Kavalam Narayana Panicker">Kavalam Narayana Panicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kottayan_Katankot_Venugopal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kottayan Katankot Venugopal">Kottayan Katankot Venugopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunhiraman_Palat_Candeth" title="Kunhiraman Palat Candeth">Kunhiraman Palat Candeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhur_Narayana_Marar" title="Kuzhur Narayana Marar">Kuzhur Narayana Marar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Valiathan" title="M. S. Valiathan">M. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._T._Vasudevan_Nair" title="M. T. Vasudevan Nair">M. T. Vasudevan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._V._Pylee" title="M. V. Pylee">M. V. Pylee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madavoor_Vasudevan_Nair" title="Madavoor Vasudevan Nair">Madavoor Vasudevan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannathu_Padmanabha_Pillai" title="Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai">Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal" title="Mohanlal">Mohanlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._V._Vijayan" title="O. V. Vijayan">O. V. Vijayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Warrier" title="P. K. Warrier">P. K. Warrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palghat_Mani_Iyer" title="Palghat Mani Iyer">Palghat Mani Iyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philipose_Mar_Chrysostom_Mar_Thoma" title="Philipose Mar Chrysostom Mar Thoma">Philipose Mar Chrysostom Mar Thoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothan_Joseph" title="Pothan Joseph">Pothan Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Nazir" title="Prem Nazir">Prem Nazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavan_Thirumulpad" title="Raghavan Thirumulpad">Raghavan Thirumulpad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramankutty_Nair" title="Ramankutty Nair">Ramankutty Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satish_Nambiar" title="Satish Nambiar">Satish Nambiar</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._J._S._George" title="T. J. S. George">T. J. S. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._Oommen" title="T. K. Oommen">T. K. Oommen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Krishnan" title="T. N. Krishnan">T. N. Krishnan</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._Gopalakrishnan" title="T. V. Gopalakrishnan">T. V. Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._V._R._Shenoy" title="T. V. R. Shenoy">T. V. R. Shenoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thakazhi_Sivasankara_Pillai" title="Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai">Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayil_John_Cherian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thayil John Cherian">Thayil John Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichur_V._Ramachandran" title="Trichur V. Ramachandran">Trichur V. Ramachandran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._K._Narayana_Menon" title="V. K. Narayana Menon">V. K. Narayana Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainu_Bappu" title="Vainu Bappu">Vainu Bappu</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallathol_Narayana_Menon" title="Vallathol Narayana Menon">Vallathol Narayana Menon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Bhushan" title="Padma Bhushan">Padma Bhushan (Female)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balamani_Amma" title="Balamani Amma">Balamani Amma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_N._Menon" title="Lakshmi N. Menon">Lakshmi N. Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Leela" title="P. Leela">P. Leela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_Cherian" title="Tara Cherian">Tara Cherian</a> #</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri (Male)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A._Marthanda_Pillai" title="A. Marthanda Pillai">A. Marthanda Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Sivathanu_Pillai" title="A. Sivathanu Pillai">A. Sivathanu Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoor_Gopalakrishnan" title="Adoor Gopalakrishnan">Adoor Gopalakrishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammannur_Madhava_Chakyar" title="Ammannur Madhava Chakyar">Ammannur Madhava Chakyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Padiyara" title="Antony Padiyara">Antony Padiyara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyappa_Paniker" title="Ayyappa Paniker">Ayyappa Paniker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Moopen" title="Azad Moopen">Azad Moopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Paul_Thaliath" title="B. Paul Thaliath">B. Paul Thaliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Ravi_Pillai" title="B. Ravi Pillai">B. Ravi Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balachandra_Menon" title="Balachandra Menon">Balachandra Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._G._Krishnadas_Nair" title="C. G. Krishnadas Nair">C. G. Krishnadas Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheril_Krishna_Menon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheril Krishna Menon">Cheril Krishna Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Sreedharan" title="E. Sreedharan">E. Sreedharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eledath_Thaikkattu_Neelakandan_Mooss" class="mw-redirect" title="Eledath Thaikkattu Neelakandan Mooss">Eledath Thaikkattu Neelakandan Mooss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eluvathingal_Devassy_Jemmis" class="mw-redirect" title="Eluvathingal Devassy Jemmis">Eluvathingal Devassy Jemmis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Aravindan" title="G. Aravindan">G. Aravindan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Shankar" title="G. Shankar">G. Shankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Vijayaraghavan" title="G. Vijayaraghavan">G. Vijayaraghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Pillai" title="Gopinath Pillai">Gopinath Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Hareendran_Nair" title="J. Hareendran Nair">J. Hareendran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaram" title="Jayaram">Jayaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Chacko_Periappuram" title="Jose Chacko Periappuram">Jose Chacko Periappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._J._Yesudas" title="K. J. Yesudas">K. J. Yesudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._George_(writer)" title="K. M. George (writer)">K. M. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._Mammen_Mappillai" title="K. M. Mammen Mappillai">K. M. Mammen Mappillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Haridas" title="K. P. Haridas">K. P. Haridas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._Udayabhanu" title="K. P. Udayabhanu">K. P. Udayabhanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Raghavan" title="K. Raghavan">K. Raghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Ravindran_Nair" class="mw-redirect" title="K. Ravindran Nair">K. Ravindran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._Shankar_Pillai" title="K. Shankar Pillai">K. Shankar Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamandalam_Gopi" title="Kalamandalam Gopi">Kalamandalam Gopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamandalam_Krishnan_Nair" title="Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair">Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamandalam_Sivan_Namboodiri" title="Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri">Kalamandalam Sivan Namboodiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandathil_Mammen_Cherian" class="mw-redirect" title="Kandathil Mammen Cherian">Kandathil Mammen Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandathil_Mammen_Philip" title="Kandathil Mammen Philip">Kandathil Mammen Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavungal_Chathunni_Panicker" title="Kavungal Chathunni Panicker">Kavungal Chathunni Panicker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keezhpadam_Kumaran_Nair" title="Keezhpadam Kumaran Nair">Keezhpadam Kumaran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunhiraman_Palat_Candeth" title="Kunhiraman Palat Candeth">Kunhiraman Palat Candeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunnenkeril_K._Jacob" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunnenkeril K. Jacob">Kunnenkeril K. Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurian_John_Melamparambil" title="Kurian John Melamparambil">Kurian John Melamparambil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhivelil_Mathew" title="Kuzhivelil Mathew">Kuzhivelil Mathew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Baker" title="Laurie Baker">Laurie Baker</a> !</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavan_Chandradathan" title="Madhavan Chandradathan">Madhavan Chandradathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._A._Yousuf_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="M. A. Yousuf Ali">M. A. Yousuf Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Krishnan_Nair_(doctor)" title="M. Krishnan Nair (doctor)">M. Krishnan Nair (doctor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._R._Kurup" title="M. R. Kurup">M. R. Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._S._Valiathan" title="M. S. Valiathan">M. S. Valiathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Vijayan" title="M. Vijayan">M. Vijayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_(actor)" title="Madhu (actor)">Madhu (actor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammen_Mathew" title="Mammen Mathew">Mammen Mathew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammootty" title="Mammootty">Mammootty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Madhava_Chakyar" title="Mani Madhava Chakyar">Mani Madhava Chakyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Kalarickal" title="Mathew Kalarickal">Mathew Kalarickal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattannoor_Sankarankutty" title="Mattannoor Sankarankutty">Mattannoor Sankarankutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitraniketan_Viswanathan" title="Mitraniketan Viswanathan">Mitraniketan Viswanathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohanlal" title="Mohanlal">Mohanlal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Balakrishnan_Nair" title="N. Balakrishnan Nair">N. Balakrishnan Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._Kesava_Panikkar" title="N. Kesava Panikkar">N. Kesava Panikkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N._R._Madhava_Menon" title="N. R. Madhava Menon">N. R. Madhava Menon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Panicker_Kochupillai" title="Narayana Panicker Kochupillai">Narayana Panicker Kochupillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neyyattinkara_Vasudevan" title="Neyyattinkara Vasudevan">Neyyattinkara Vasudevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O._N._V._Kurup" title="O. N. V. Kurup">O. N. V. Kurup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Gopinathan" title="P. Gopinathan">P. Gopinathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Narayanan_Nambiar" title="P. K. Narayanan Nambiar">P. K. Narayanan Nambiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Rajagopalan" title="P. K. Rajagopalan">P. K. Rajagopalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._K._Warrier" title="P. K. Warrier">P. K. Warrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Parameswaran" title="P. Parameswaran">P. Parameswaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Pothen" title="Paul Pothen">Paul Pothen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perakath_Verghese_Benjamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Perakath Verghese Benjamin">Perakath Verghese Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvanam_Kuttan_Marar" title="Peruvanam Kuttan Marar">Peruvanam Kuttan Marar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Augustine" title="Philip Augustine">Philip Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Nazir" title="Prem Nazir">Prem Nazir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priyadarshan" title="Priyadarshan">Priyadarshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pucadyil_Ittoop_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Pucadyil Ittoop John">Pucadyil Ittoop John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthenpurayil_Mathew_Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Puthenpurayil Mathew Joseph">Puthenpurayil Mathew Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Marthanda_Varma" title="R. Marthanda Varma">R. Marthanda Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._K._Krishna_Kumar" title="R. K. Krishna Kumar">R. K. Krishna Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajagopalan_Krishnan" title="Rajagopalan Krishnan">Rajagopalan Krishnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resul_Pookutty" title="Resul Pookutty">Resul Pookutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaji_N._Karun" title="Shaji N. Karun">Shaji N. Karun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sooranad_Kunjan_Pillai" title="Sooranad Kunjan Pillai">Sooranad Kunjan Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_John" title="Stanley John">Stanley John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Varkey" title="Sunny Varkey">Sunny Varkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._K._Alex" title="T. K. Alex">T. K. Alex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._N._Krishnan" title="T. N. Krishnan">T. N. Krishnan</a> *</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayil_John_Cherian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thayil John Cherian">Thayil John Cherian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thikkurissy_Sukumaran_Nair" title="Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair">Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thilakan" title="Thilakan">Thilakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kunnunkal" title="Thomas Kunnunkal">Thomas Kunnunkal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Muhammad_Basheer" title="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer">Vaikom Muhammad Basheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazhenkada_Kunchu_Nair" title="Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair">Vazhenkada Kunchu Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellayani_Arjunan" title="Vellayani Arjunan">Vellayani Arjunan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Verghese Kurien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnunarayanan_Namboothiri" title="Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri">Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri (Female)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achamma_Mathai" title="Achamma Mathai">Achamma Mathai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anju_Bobby_George" title="Anju Bobby George">Anju Bobby George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipika_Pallikal" title="Dipika Pallikal">Dipika Pallikal</a> #</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._M._Beenamol" title="K. M. Beenamol">K. M. Beenamol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Chithra" title="K. S. Chithra">K. S. Chithra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamandalam_Kshemavathy" title="Kalamandalam Kshemavathy">Kalamandalam Kshemavathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamandalam_Satyabhama" title="Kalamandalam Satyabhama">Kalamandalam Satyabhama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leela_Omchery" title="Leela Omchery">Leela Omchery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Oommen" title="Lucy Oommen">Lucy Oommen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._D._Valsamma" title="M. D. Valsamma">M. D. Valsamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Leelavathy" title="M. Leelavathy">M. Leelavathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Subhadra_Nair" title="M. Subhadra Nair">M. Subhadra Nair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Poonen_Lukose" title="Mary Poonen Lukose">Mary Poonen Lukose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Verghese" title="Mary Verghese">Mary Verghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._T._Usha" title="P. T. Usha">P. T. Usha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepita_Seth" title="Pepita Seth">Pepita Seth</a> !</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Thomas_(skydiver)" title="Rachel Thomas (skydiver)">Rachel Thomas (skydiver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiny_Abraham" title="Shiny Abraham">Shiny Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shobana" title="Shobana">Shobana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudha_Varghese" title="Sudha Varghese">Sudha Varghese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugathakumari" title="Sugathakumari">Sugathakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukumari" title="Sukumari">Sukumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangam_Philip" title="Thangam Philip">Thangam Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usha_Uthup" title="Usha Uthup">Usha Uthup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmikutty" title="Lakshmikutty">Lakshmikutty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidya_Balan" title="Vidya Balan">Vidya Balan</a> *</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>(*)By birth - (#)By ethnicity - (!)By domicile</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180385#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1122" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180385#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1122" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180385#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083229687">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/115792472">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1798803/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJrm6XHjh9JyCFtbHJPG73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/170780082">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88123094">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00710113">Japan</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1102523X?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69w4vf8">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&oldid=1274098263">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&oldid=1274098263</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1921_births" title="Category:1921 births">1921 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2012_deaths" title="Category:2012 deaths">2012 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century Indian businesspeople">20th-century Indian businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Indian_engineers" title="Category:20th-century Indian engineers">20th-century Indian engineers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_Indian_businesspeople" title="Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople">21st-century Indian businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agriculture_and_food_award_winners" title="Category:Agriculture and food award winners">Agriculture and food award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Businesspeople_from_Kozhikode" title="Category:Businesspeople from Kozhikode">Businesspeople from Kozhikode</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Engineers_from_Kerala" title="Category:Engineers from Kerala">Engineers from Kerala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_cooperative_organizers" title="Category:Indian cooperative organizers">Indian cooperative organizers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_atheists" title="Category:Indian atheists">Indian atheists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_chief_executives" title="Category:Indian chief executives">Indian chief executives</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indian_social_entrepreneurs" title="Category:Indian social entrepreneurs">Indian social entrepreneurs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Loyola_College,_Chennai_alumni" title="Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni">Loyola College, Chennai alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malayali_people" title="Category:Malayali people">Malayali people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Michigan_State_University_alumni" title="Category:Michigan State University alumni">Michigan State University alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ramon_Magsaysay_Award_winners" title="Category:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners">Ramon Magsaysay Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Agricultural_Merit" title="Category:Recipients of the Order of Agricultural Merit">Recipients of the Order of Agricultural Merit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Padma_Bhushan_in_trade_and_industry" title="Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry">Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in trade and industry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Padma_Shri_in_trade_and_industry" title="Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry">Recipients of the Padma Shri in trade and industry</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Recipients_of_the_Padma_Vibhushan_in_science_%26_engineering" title="Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering">Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Madras_alumni" title="Category:University of Madras alumni">University of Madras alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 February 2025, at 13:04<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Verghese_Kurien&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Verghese Kurien</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>25 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-ftphz","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.249","walltime":"1.445","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7314,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":313538,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4330,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":387136,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1147.441 1 -total"," 44.49% 510.485 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.26% 220.971 45 Template:Cite_news"," 15.79% 181.140 21 Template:Cite_book"," 15.06% 172.754 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 8.70% 99.777 5 Template:Navbox"," 6.92% 79.370 1 Template:Padma_Vibhushan_Awards"," 6.41% 73.535 17 Template:Cite_web"," 6.23% 71.527 7 Template:Sfn"," 6.01% 68.965 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.735","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9911942,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFA.K.Gandhi2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmrita_Patel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAneja2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenegal2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhagat2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhatt2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCandlerKumar1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDamodaran2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDasgupta2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEsmanUphoff1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhosh2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGupta\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGurucharan_GollerkeriRenuka_Raja_Rao2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarish_Damodaran2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHazra2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeredia1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndian_Dairy_Association\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean_Dreze2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamath1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatakam2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatakam2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKavita_Agarwal2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenda_Cunningham2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotler,_Neil_G.1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurien,_Verghese1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurien,_Verghese2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurien,_Verghese2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurien2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._V._Kamath1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadhavan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahurkar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenon1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMisra2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandit2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandit2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandit2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Utting2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamnath2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRinchen_Norbu_Wangchu2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodrigo2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSreenivas2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuhrud2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThakkarSally2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThapar2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas_Carter\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUlrey1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUpendra_Kachru2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYardley2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 45,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 17,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Kurien, Verghese\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Padma Award winners of Kerala\"] = 1,\n [\"Padma Shri Award Recipients in Trade \u0026 Industry\"] = 1,\n [\"Padma Vibhushan Awards\"] = 1,\n [\"PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1960–1969\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 1,\n [\"RMA winners of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Ubl\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-c75hn","timestamp":"20250214041704","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Verghese Kurien","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Verghese_Kurien","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180385","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180385","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-09-16T05:29:07Z","dateModified":"2025-02-05T13:04:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/ff\/Verghese_Kurien_in_2009_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"Indian entrepreneur"}</script> </body> </html>