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height</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: height"> <meta name="keywords" content="height"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="height"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1480</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: height</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1480</span> Study of Hydrocarbons Metering Issues in Algerian Fields under the New Law Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadjadj">A. Hadjadj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Maamir"> S. Maamir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Since the advent of the law 86/14 concerning the</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">exploitation of the national territory by foreign companies in</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">partnership with the Algerian oil and gas company, the problem of</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">hydrocarbons metering in the sharing production come out.</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">More generally, good management counting hydrocarbons can</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">provide data on the production wells, the field and the reservoir for</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">medium and long term planning, particularly in the context of the</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">management and field development.</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">In this work, we are interested in the transactional metering which</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">is a very delicate and crucial period in the current context of the new</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">hydrocarbon’s law characterized by assets system between the</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">various activities of Sonatrach and its foreign partners.</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">After a state of the art on hydrocarbons metering devices in</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">Algeria and elsewhere, we will decline the advantages and</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">disadvantages of each system, and then we describe the problem to</span><br style="line-height: 20.8px;" /> <span style="line-height: 20.8px;">try to reach an optimal solution.</span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transactional%20metering" title="transactional metering">transactional metering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowmeter%20orifice" title=" flowmeter orifice"> flowmeter orifice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20flow" title=" heat flow"> heat flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonatrach" title=" Sonatrach"> Sonatrach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1901/study-of-hydrocarbons-metering-issues-in-algerian-fields-under-the-new-law-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1479</span> Plantation Forests Height Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiming%20Li">Shiming Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qingwang%20Liu"> Qingwang Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Honggan%20Wu"> Honggan Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianbing%20Zhang"> Jianbing Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plantation forests are useful for timber production, recreation, environmental protection and social development. Stands height is an important parameter for the estimation of forest volume and carbon stocks. Although lidar is suitable technology for the vertical parameters extraction of forests, but high costs make it not suitable for operational inventory. With the development of computer vision and photogrammetry, aerial photos from unmanned aerial system can be used as an alternative solution for height mapping. Structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique can be used to extract DSM and DEM information. Canopy height model (CHM) can be achieved by subtraction DEM from DSM. Our result shows that overlapping aerial photos is a potential solution for plantation forests height mapping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20height%20mapping" title="forest height mapping">forest height mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantation%20forests" title=" plantation forests"> plantation forests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure-from-motion%20photogrammetry" title=" structure-from-motion photogrammetry"> structure-from-motion photogrammetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UAS" title=" UAS"> UAS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63172/plantation-forests-height-mapping-using-unmanned-aerial-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">278</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1478</span> Temperature-Dependent Barrier Characteristics of Inhomogeneous Pd/n-GaN Schottky Barrier Diodes Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Al-Heuseen">K. Al-Heuseen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Hashim"> M. R. Hashim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of Pd/n-GaN Schottky barrier were studied at temperatures over room temperature (300-470K). The values of ideality factor (n), zero-bias barrier height (φB0), flat barrier height (φBF) and series resistance (Rs) obtained from I-V-T measurements were found to be strongly temperature dependent while (φBo) increase, (n), (φBF) and (Rs) decrease with increasing temperature. The apparent Richardson constant was found to be 2.1x10-9 Acm-2K-2 and mean barrier height of 0.19 eV. After barrier height inhomogeneities correction, by assuming a Gaussian distribution (GD) of the barrier heights, the Richardson constant and the mean barrier height were obtained as 23 Acm-2K-2 and 1.78eV, respectively. The corrected Richardson constant was very closer to theoretical value of 26 Acm-2K-2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title="electrical properties">electrical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaussian%20distribution" title=" Gaussian distribution"> Gaussian distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pd-GaN%20Schottky%20diodes" title=" Pd-GaN Schottky diodes"> Pd-GaN Schottky diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermionic%20emission" title=" thermionic emission"> thermionic emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7401/temperature-dependent-barrier-characteristics-of-inhomogeneous-pdn-gan-schottky-barrier-diodes-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1477</span> Investigating the Effect of Height on Essential Oils of Urtica diocia L.: Case Study of Ramsar, Mazandaran, Iran</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keivan%20Saeb">Keivan Saeb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azade%20Kakouei"> Azade Kakouei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razieh%20Jafari%20Hajati"> Razieh Jafari Hajati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalil%20Pourshamsian"> Khalil Pourshamsian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Babakhani"> Babak Babakhani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urtica Diocia L. from the Urticaceae family is a plant of herbal value and of a noticeable distribution in the north of Iran. The growth of different plants in various natural environments and ecosystems seems to be affected by factors such as the height (from sea surface).To investigate the effect of height on Urtica Diocia L. medicine compounds in its natural environment, three areas with the height of zero, 800 and 1800m were selected.The samples were randomly gathered three times and were dried; also, their compounds was extracted using the Clivenger with the water-distilling method. To determine the medicine compounds, the GC-MS as well as the GC machines were used. The analysis of variance was done in the form of the random-full-block design. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the percent of EOs in the selected heights; however, such difference was not significant within each height. From among the eight flavors of the study, the phytol compound was more in terms of percentage. By increasing the height the percent of EOs would decrease. lower heights could be considered most appropriate for producing the studied effective materials despite of the moistened climate and soil there. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urtica%20diocia%20L." title="Urtica diocia L.">Urtica diocia L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title=" height"> height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EOs" title=" EOs"> EOs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine"> medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11544/investigating-the-effect-of-height-on-essential-oils-of-urtica-diocia-l-case-study-of-ramsar-mazandaran-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1476</span> Correlation between Sprint Performance and Vertical Jump Height in Elite Female Football Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Missina">Svetlana Missina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anatoliy%20Shipilov"> Anatoliy Shipilov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandr%20Vavaev"> Alexandr Vavaev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between sprint and vertical jump performance in elite female football players. Twenty four professional female football players (age, 18.6±3.1 years; height, 168.3±6.3 cm, body mass 61.6±7.4 kg; mean±SD) were tested for 30-m sprint time, 10-m sprint time and vertical countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps height. Participants performed three countermovement jumps and three squat jumps for maximal height on a force platform. Mean values of three trials were used in statistical analysis. The displacement of center of mass (COM) during flight phase (e.g. jump height) was calculated using the vertical velocity of the COM at the moment of take-off. 30-m and 10-m sprint time were measured using OptoGait optical system. The best of three trials were used for analysis. A significant negative correlation was found between 30-m sprint time and CMJ, SJ height (r = -0.85, r = -0.79 respectively), between 10-m sprint time and CMJ, SJ height (r = -0.73, r = -0.8 respectively), and step frequency was significantly related to CMJ peak power (r = -0.57). Our study indicates that there is strong correlation between sprint and jump performance in elite female football players, thus vertical jump test can be considered as a good sprint and agility predictor in female football. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agility" title="agility">agility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=female%20football%20players" title=" female football players"> female football players</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprint%20performance" title=" sprint performance"> sprint performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20jump%20height" title=" vertical jump height"> vertical jump height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59039/correlation-between-sprint-performance-and-vertical-jump-height-in-elite-female-football-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1475</span> Pressure-Detecting Method for Estimating Levitation Gap Height of Swirl Gripper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaige%20Shi">Kaige Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Jiang"> Chao Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Li"> Xin Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The swirl gripper is an electrically activated noncontact handling device that uses swirling airflow to generate a lifting force. This force can be used to pick up a workpiece placed underneath the swirl gripper without any contact. It is applicable, for example, in the semiconductor wafer production line, where contact must be avoided during the handling and moving of a workpiece to minimize damage. When a workpiece levitates underneath a swirl gripper, the gap height between them is crucial for safe handling. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to estimate the levitation gap height by detecting pressure at two points. The method is based on theoretical model of the swirl gripper, and has been experimentally verified. Furthermore, the force between the gripper and the workpiece can also be estimated using the detected pressure. As a result, the nonlinear relationship between the force and gap height can be linearized by adjusting the rotating speed of the fan in the swirl gripper according to the estimated force and gap height. The linearized relationship is expected to enhance handling stability of the workpiece. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swirl%20gripper" title="swirl gripper">swirl gripper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noncontact%20handling" title=" noncontact handling"> noncontact handling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=levitation" title=" levitation"> levitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gap%20height%20estimation" title=" gap height estimation"> gap height estimation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109800/pressure-detecting-method-for-estimating-levitation-gap-height-of-swirl-gripper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1474</span> Measuring the Height of a Person in Closed Circuit Television Video Footage Using 3D Human Body Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dojoon%20Jung">Dojoon Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiwoong%20Moon"> Kiwoong Moon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joong%20Lee"> Joong Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The height of criminals is one of the important clues that can determine the scope of the suspect's search or exclude the suspect from the search target. Although measuring the height of criminals by video alone is limited by various reasons, the 3D data of the scene and the Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) footage are matched, the height of the criminal can be measured. However, it is still difficult to measure the height of CCTV footage in the non-contact type measurement method because of variables such as position, posture, and head shape of criminals. In this paper, we propose a method of matching the CCTV footage with the 3D data on the crime scene and measuring the height of the person using the 3D human body model in the matched data. In the proposed method, the height is measured by using 3D human model in various scenes of the person in the CCTV footage, and the measurement value of the target person is corrected by the measurement error of the replay CCTV footage of the reference person. We tested for 20 people's walking CCTV footage captured from an indoor and an outdoor and corrected the measurement values with 5 reference persons. Experimental results show that the measurement error (true value-measured value) average is 0.45 cm, and this method is effective for the measurement of the person's height in CCTV footage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20height" title="human height">human height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCTV%20footage" title=" CCTV footage"> CCTV footage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%2F3D%20matching" title=" 2D/3D matching"> 2D/3D matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20human%20body%20model" title=" 3D human body model"> 3D human body model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93625/measuring-the-height-of-a-person-in-closed-circuit-television-video-footage-using-3d-human-body-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">248</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1473</span> Calibration of a Large Standard Step Height with Low Sampled Coherence Scanning Interferometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahi%20Ghareab%20Abdelsalam%20Ibrahim">Dahi Ghareab Abdelsalam Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scanning interferometry is commonly used for measuring the three-dimensional profiling of surfaces. Here, we used a scanning stage calibrated with standard gauge blocks to measure a standard step height of 200μm. The stage measures precisely the envelope of interference at the platen and at the surface of the step height. From the difference between the two envelopes, we measured the step height of the sample. Experimental measurements show that the measured value matches well with the nominal value of the step height. A light beam of 532nm from a Tungsten Lamp is collimated and incident on the interferometer. By scanning, two envelopes were produced. The envelope at the platen surface and the envelope at the object surface were determined precisely by a written program code, and then the difference between them was measured from the calibrated scanning stage. The difference was estimated to be in the range of 198 ± 2 μm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20metrology" title="optical metrology">optical metrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20holography" title=" digital holography"> digital holography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferometry" title=" interferometry"> interferometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20unwrapping" title=" phase unwrapping"> phase unwrapping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161440/calibration-of-a-large-standard-step-height-with-low-sampled-coherence-scanning-interferometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161440.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1472</span> On Hyperbolic Gompertz Growth Model (HGGM)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Oyamakin">S. O. Oyamakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Chukwu"> A. U. Chukwu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="> </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We proposed a Hyperbolic Gompertz Growth Model (HGGM), which was developed by introducing a stabilizing parameter called θ using hyperbolic sine function into the classical gompertz growth equation. The resulting integral solution obtained deterministically was reprogrammed into a statistical model and used in modeling the height and diameter of Pines (Pinus caribaea). Its ability in model prediction was compared with the classical gompertz growth model, an approach which mimicked the natural variability of height/diameter increment with respect to age and therefore provides a more realistic height/diameter predictions using goodness of fit tests and model selection criteria. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test was also used to test the compliance of the error term to normality assumptions while using testing the independence of the error term using the runs test. The mean function of top height/Dbh over age using the two models under study predicted closely the observed values of top height/Dbh in the hyperbolic gompertz growth models better than the source model (classical gompertz growth model) while the results of R2, Adj. R2, MSE, and AIC confirmed the predictive power of the Hyperbolic Monomolecular growth models over its source model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title="height">height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dbh" title=" Dbh"> Dbh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinus%20caribaea" title=" Pinus caribaea"> Pinus caribaea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperbolic" title=" hyperbolic"> hyperbolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gompertz" title=" gompertz"> gompertz</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17739/on-hyperbolic-gompertz-growth-model-hggm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1471</span> Step Height Calibration Using Hamming Window: Band-Pass Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahi%20Ghareab%20Abdelsalam%20Ibrahim">Dahi Ghareab Abdelsalam Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calibration of step heights with high accuracy is needed for many applications in the industry. In general, step height consists of three bands: pass band, transition band (roll-off), and stop band. Abdelsalam used a convolution of the transfer functions of both Chebyshev type 2 and elliptic filters with WFF of the Fresnel transform in the frequency domain for producing a steeper roll-off with the removal of ripples in the pass band- and stop-bands. In this paper, we used a new method based on the Hamming window: band-pass filter for calibration of step heights in terms of perfect adjustment of pass-band, roll-off, and stop-band. The method is applied to calibrate a nominal step height of 40 cm. The step height is measured first by asynchronous dual-wavelength phase-shift interferometry. The measured step height is then calibrated by the simulation of the Hamming window: band-pass filter. The spectrum of the simulated band-pass filter is simulated at N = 881 and f0 = 0.24. We can conclude that the proposed method can calibrate any step height by adjusting only two factors which are N and f0. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20metrology" title="optical metrology">optical metrology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=step%20heights" title=" step heights"> step heights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hamming%20window" title=" hamming window"> hamming window</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band-pass%20filter" title=" band-pass filter"> band-pass filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168134/step-height-calibration-using-hamming-window-band-pass-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1470</span> Design Optimisation of Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) for Improved Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Abd-Rahman">R. Abd-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Isa"> M. M. Isa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20H.%20Goh"> H. H. Goh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a well known non-imaging concentrator that will concentrate the solar radiation onto receiver (PV cell). One of disadvantage of CPC is has tall and narrow height compared to its diameter entry aperture area. Therefore, for economic reason, a truncation had been done by removed from the top of the full height CPC. This is also will lead to the decreases of concentration ratio but it will be negligible. In this paper, the flux distribution of untruncated and truncated 2-D hollow compound parabolic trough concentrator (hCPTC) design is presented. The untruncated design has initial height, H=193.4mm with concentration ratio, C_(2-D)=4. This paper presents the optical simulation of compound parabolic trough concentrator using ray-tracing software TracePro. Results showed that, after the truncation, the height of CPC reduced 45% from initial height with the geometrical concentration ratio only decrease 10%. Thus, the cost of reflector and material dielectric usage can be saved especially at manufacturing site. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compound%20parabolic%20trough%20concentrator" title="compound parabolic trough concentrator">compound parabolic trough concentrator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20modelling" title=" optical modelling"> optical modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ray-tracing%20analysis" title=" ray-tracing analysis"> ray-tracing analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20performance" title=" improved performance"> improved performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29904/design-optimisation-of-compound-parabolic-concentrator-cpc-for-improved-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29904.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">462</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1469</span> Study on The Pile Height Loss of Tunisian Handmade Carpets Under Dynamic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Abidi">Fatma Abidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taoufik%20Harizi"> Taoufik Harizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Slah%20Msahli"> Slah Msahli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faouzi%20Sakli"> Faouzi Sakli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nine different Tunisian handmade carpets were used for the investigation. The raw material of the carpet pile yarns was wool. The influence of the different structure parameters (linear density and pile height) on the carpet compression was investigated. Carpets were tested under dynamic loading in order to evaluate and observe the thickness loss and carpet behavior under dynamic loads. To determine the loss of pile height under dynamic loading, the pile height carpets were measured. The test method was treated according to the Tunisian standard NT 12.165 (corresponds to the standard ISO 2094). The pile height measurements are taken and recorded at intervals up to 1000 impacts (measures of this study were made after 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 impacts). The loss of pile height is calculated using the variation between the initial height and those measured after the number of reported impacts. The experimental results were statistically evaluated using Design Expert Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) software. As regards the deformation, results showed that both of the structure parameters of the pile yarn and the pile height have an influence. The carpet with the higher pile and the less linear density of pile yarn showed the worst performance. Results of a polynomial regression analysis are highlighted. There is a good correlation between the loss of pile height and the impacts number of dynamic loads. These equations are in good agreement with measured data. Because the prediction is reasonably accurate for all samples, these equations can also be taken into account when calculating the theoretical loss of pile height for the considered carpet samples. Statistical evaluations of the experimen¬tal data showed that the pile material and number of impacts have a significant effect on mean thickness and thickness loss variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tunisian%20handmade%20carpet" title="Tunisian handmade carpet">Tunisian handmade carpet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loss%20of%20pile%20height" title=" loss of pile height"> loss of pile height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20loads" title=" dynamic loads"> dynamic loads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51785/study-on-the-pile-height-loss-of-tunisian-handmade-carpets-under-dynamic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1468</span> On Differential Growth Equation to Stochastic Growth Model Using Hyperbolic Sine Function in Height/Diameter Modeling of Pines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Oyamakin">S. O. Oyamakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Chukwu"> A. U. Chukwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Richard's growth equation being a generalized logistic growth equation was improved upon by introducing an allometric parameter using the hyperbolic sine function. The integral solution to this was called hyperbolic Richard's growth model having transformed the solution from deterministic to a stochastic growth model. Its ability in model prediction was compared with the classical Richard's growth model an approach which mimicked the natural variability of heights/diameter increment with respect to age and therefore provides a more realistic height/diameter predictions using the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) results. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test was also used to test the behavior of the error term for possible violations. The mean function of top height/Dbh over age using the two models under study predicted closely the observed values of top height/Dbh in the hyperbolic Richard's nonlinear growth models better than the classical Richard's growth model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title="height">height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dbh" title=" Dbh"> Dbh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest" title=" forest"> forest</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinus%20caribaea" title=" Pinus caribaea"> Pinus caribaea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperbolic" title=" hyperbolic"> hyperbolic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%27s" title=" Richard's"> Richard's</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic" title=" stochastic"> stochastic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17738/on-differential-growth-equation-to-stochastic-growth-model-using-hyperbolic-sine-function-in-heightdiameter-modeling-of-pines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17738.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1467</span> Tsunami Wave Height and Flow Velocity Calculations Based on Density Measurements of Boulders: Case Studies from Anegada and Pakarang Cape</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakiul%20Fuady">Zakiul Fuady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michaela%20Spiske"> Michaela Spiske</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inundation events, such as storms and tsunamis can leave onshore sedimentary evidence like sand deposits or large boulders. These deposits store indirect information on the related inundation parameters (e.g., flow velocity, flow depth, wave height). One tool to reveal these parameters are inverse models that use the physical characteristics of the deposits to refer to the magnitude of inundation. This study used boulders of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami from Thailand (Pakarang Cape) and form a historical tsunami event that inundated the outer British Virgin Islands (Anegada). For the largest boulder found in Pakarang Cape with a volume of 26.48 m³ the required tsunami wave height is 0.44 m and storm wave height are 1.75 m (for a bulk density of 1.74 g/cm³. In Pakarang Cape the highest tsunami wave height is 0.45 m and storm wave height are 1.8 m for transporting a 20.07 m³ boulder. On Anegada, the largest boulder with a diameter of 2.7 m is the asingle coral head (species Diploria sp.) with a bulk density of 1.61 g/cm³, and requires a minimum tsunami wave height of 0.31 m and storm wave height of 1.25 m. The highest required tsunami wave height on Anegada is 2.12 m for a boulder with a bulk density of 2.46 g/cm³ (volume 0.0819 m³) and the highest storm wave height is 5.48 m (volume 0.216 m³) from the same bulk density and the coral type is limestone. Generally, the higher the bulk density, volume, and weight of the boulders, the higher the minimum tsunami and storm wave heights required to initiate transport. It requires 4.05 m/s flow velocity by Nott’s equation (2003) and 3.57 m/s by Nandasena et al. (2011) to transport the largest boulder in Pakarang Cape, whereas on Anegada, it requires 3.41 m/s to transport a boulder with diameter 2.7 m for both equations. Thus, boulder equations need to be handled with caution because they make many assumptions and simplifications. Second, the physical boulder parameters, such as density and volume need to be determined carefully to minimize any errors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20wave%20height" title="tsunami wave height">tsunami wave height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm%20wave%20height" title=" storm wave height"> storm wave height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20velocity" title=" flow velocity"> flow velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boulders" title=" boulders"> boulders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anegada" title=" Anegada"> Anegada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakarang%20Cape" title=" Pakarang Cape"> Pakarang Cape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91781/tsunami-wave-height-and-flow-velocity-calculations-based-on-density-measurements-of-boulders-case-studies-from-anegada-and-pakarang-cape" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">237</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1466</span> An Alternative Richards’ Growth Model Based on Hyperbolic Sine Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Oluwafemi%20Oyamakin">Samuel Oluwafemi Oyamakin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angela%20Unna%20Chukwu"> Angela Unna Chukwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Richrads growth equation being a generalized logistic growth equation was improved upon by introducing an allometric parameter using the hyperbolic sine function. The integral solution to this was called hyperbolic Richards growth model having transformed the solution from deterministic to a stochastic growth model. Its ability in model prediction was compared with the classical Richards growth model an approach which mimicked the natural variability of heights/diameter increment with respect to age and therefore provides a more realistic height/diameter predictions using the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) results. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk test was also used to test the behavior of the error term for possible violations. The mean function of top height/Dbh over age using the two models under study predicted closely the observed values of top height/Dbh in the hyperbolic Richards nonlinear growth models better than the classical Richards growth model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title="height">height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diameter%20at%20breast%20height" title=" diameter at breast height"> diameter at breast height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DBH" title=" DBH"> DBH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperbolic%20sine%20function" title=" hyperbolic sine function"> hyperbolic sine function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinus%20caribaea" title=" Pinus caribaea"> Pinus caribaea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richards%27%20growth%20model" title=" Richards' growth model"> Richards' growth model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66329/an-alternative-richards-growth-model-based-on-hyperbolic-sine-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1465</span> A Small-Scale Study of Fire Whirls and Investigation of the Effects of Near-Ground Height on the Behavior of Fire Whirls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arabghahestani">M. Arabghahestani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Darwish%20Ahmad"> A. Darwish Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Akafuah"> N. K. Akafuah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, small-scale experiments of fire whirl were conducted to study the spinning fire phenomenon and to gain comprehensive understandings of fire tornadoes and the factors that affect their behavior. High speed imaging was used to track the flames at both temporal and spatial scales. This allowed us to better understand the role of the near-ground height in creating a boundary layer flow profile that, in turn contributes to formation of vortices around the fire, and consequent fire whirls. Based on the results obtained from these observations, we were able to spot the differences in the fuel burning rate of the fire itself as a function of a newly defined specific non-dimensional near-ground height. Based on our observations, there is a cutoff non-dimensional height, beyond which a normal fire can be turned into a fire whirl. Additionally, the results showed that the fire burning rate decreases by moving the fire to a height higher than the ground level. These effects were justified by the interactions between vortices formed by, the back pressure and the boundary layer velocity profile, and the vortices generated by the fire itself. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20profile" title="boundary layer profile">boundary layer profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20whirls" title=" fire whirls"> fire whirls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near-ground%20height" title=" near-ground height"> near-ground height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex%20interactions" title=" vortex interactions"> vortex interactions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107924/a-small-scale-study-of-fire-whirls-and-investigation-of-the-effects-of-near-ground-height-on-the-behavior-of-fire-whirls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1464</span> Effects of Net Height of Crab Entangling Nets on the Capture of Targeted Economically Important Portunid Species and Non-Target Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizalyn%20Gonzales">Rizalyn Gonzales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harold%20Monteclaro"> Harold Monteclaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study determined the effects of net height on the capture performance of crab entangling nets. Fishing trials were conducted using nets with the following net heights: 1) 12 meshes down (MD), 2) 24 MD and 3) 50 MD. A total of 1,290 individuals comprising of 87 species belonging to 53 families were caught. One-way ANOVA showed that net height significantly affects various catch parameters such as catch per unit effort (CPUE) of the total and target catch, amount of non-target catch, sizes and species richness. The use of appropriate net height is a potential technical measure for a selective but still efficient crab entangling net fishery. Lower net height significantly reduced non-target catch up to 70%. While lower nets decreased the CPUE of target catch such as blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus and christian crab Charybdis feriatus up to 65% in 12 MD, catch in 24 MD was not significantly different with that in 50 MD. The use of 24 MD also resulted in capturing larger-sized Portunus pelagicus. Catch species richness decreased up to 58% in lower nets. These results are useful to fisheries managers and government institutions to develop or improve existing regulations towards a sustainable crab fishery particularly blue swimming crabs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue%20swimming%20crabs" title="blue swimming crabs">blue swimming crabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catch%20per%20unit%20effort" title=" catch per unit effort"> catch per unit effort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crab%20entangling%20nets" title=" crab entangling nets"> crab entangling nets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=net%20height" title=" net height"> net height</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73921/effects-of-net-height-of-crab-entangling-nets-on-the-capture-of-targeted-economically-important-portunid-species-and-non-target-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1463</span> Significant Stressed Zone of Highway Embankment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharifullah%20Ahmed">Sharifullah Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Eng"> P. Eng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Axle Pressure and the Consolidation Pressure decrease with the height of the highway embankment and the depth of subsoil. This reduction of pressure depends on the height and width of the embankment. The depth is defined as the significantly stressed zone at which the pressure is reduced to 0.2 or 20%. The axle pressure is reduced to 7% for embankment height 1-3m and to 0.7% for embankment height 4-12m at the bottom level of Highway Embankment. This observation implies that, the portion of axle pressure transferred to subsoil underlying the embankment is not significant for ESAL factor 4.8. The 70% consolidation to have occurred after the construction of the surface layer of pavement. Considering this ratio of post construction settlement, 70% consolidation pressure (Δσ70) is used in this analysis. The magnitude of influence depth or Significant Stressed Zone (Ds) had been obtained for the range of crest width (at the top level of the embankment) is kept between 5m and 50m and for the range of embankment height from 1.0m to 12.0m considering 70% of consolidation pressure (Δσ70). Significantly stressed zones (Ds) for 70% embankment pressure are found as 2-6.2He for embankment top width 5-50m. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation%20pressure" title="consolidation pressure">consolidation pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation%20settlement" title=" consolidation settlement"> consolidation settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESAL" title=" ESAL"> ESAL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway%20embankment" title=" highway embankment"> highway embankment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HS%2020-44" title=" HS 20-44"> HS 20-44</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significant%20stressed%20zone" title=" significant stressed zone"> significant stressed zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20distribution" title=" stress distribution"> stress distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152356/significant-stressed-zone-of-highway-embankment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1462</span> Effect of Slope Height and Horizontal Forces on the Bearing Capacity of Strip Footings near Slopes in Cohesionless Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sven%20Krabbenhoft">Sven Krabbenhoft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristian%20Krabbenhoft"> Kristian Krabbenhoft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars%20Damkilde"> Lars Damkilde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of determining the bearing capacity of a strip foundation located near a slope of infinite height has been dealt with by several authors. Very often in practical problems the slope is of limited height, and furthermore the resulting load may be inclined at an angle to the horizontal, and in such cases the bearing capacity of the footing cannot be found using the existing methods. The present work comprises finite element based upper- and lower-bound calculations, using the geotechnical software OptumG2 to investigate the effect of the slope height and horizontal forces on the total bearing capacity, both without and with using superposition as presupposed in the traditional bearing capacity equation. The results for friction angles 30, 35 and 40 degrees, slope inclinations 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, for selfweight and surcharge are given as charts showing the slope inclination factors suitable for design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=footings" title="footings">footings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing%20capacity" title=" bearing capacity"> bearing capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slopes" title=" slopes"> slopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cohesionnless%20soil" title=" cohesionnless soil"> cohesionnless soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12708/effect-of-slope-height-and-horizontal-forces-on-the-bearing-capacity-of-strip-footings-near-slopes-in-cohesionless-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1461</span> The Faithful Extension of Constant Height and Constant Width Between Finite Posets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walied%20Hazim%20Sharif">Walied Hazim Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of faithful extension with the condition of keeping constant height h and constant width w, i.e. for h w -inextensibility, seems more interesting than the brute extension of finite poset (partially ordered set). We shall investigate some theorems of hw-inextensive and hw-exrensive posets that can be used to formulate the faithful extension problem. A theorem in its general form of hw-inextensive posets is given to implement the presented theorems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faithful%20extension" title="faithful extension">faithful extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poset" title=" poset"> poset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension" title=" extension"> extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inextension" title=" inextension"> inextension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title=" height"> height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=width" title=" width"> width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hw-extensive" title=" hw-extensive"> hw-extensive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hw-inextensive" title=" hw-inextensive "> hw-inextensive </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21281/the-faithful-extension-of-constant-height-and-constant-width-between-finite-posets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21281.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1460</span> Characterization of current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage–frequency (C–V–f) features of Au/GaN Schottky diodes </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelaziz%20Rabehi">Abdelaziz Rabehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Au/GaN Schottky diodes were measured at room temperature. In addition, capacitance–voltage–frequency (C–V–f) characteristics are investigated by considering the interface states (Nss) at frequency range 100 kHz to 1 MHz. From the I–V characteristics of the Schottky diode, ideality factor (n) and barrier height (Φb) values of 1.22 and 0.56 eV, respectively, were obtained from a forward bias I–V plot. In addition, the interface states distribution profile as a function of (Ess − Ev) was extracted from the forward bias I–V measurements by taking into account the bias dependence of the effective barrier height (Φe) for the Schottky diode. The C–V curves gave a barrier height value higher than those obtained from I–V measurements. This discrepancy is due to the different nature of the I–V and C–V measurement techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Schottky%20diodes" title="Schottky diodes">Schottky diodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20dependence" title=" frequency dependence"> frequency dependence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barrier%20height" title=" barrier height"> barrier height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interface%20states" title=" interface states "> interface states </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5577/characterization-of-current-voltage-i-v-and-capacitance-voltage-frequency-c-v-f-features-of-augan-schottky-diodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1459</span> Release Response of Black Spruce and White Spruce Following Overstory Lodgepole Pine Mortality Due to Mountain Pine Beetle Attack</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20O.%20Oboite">F. O. Oboite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20G.%20Comeau"> P. G. Comeau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advance regeneration is present in many lodgepole pine stands in Alberta. When the overstory pine canopy is killed by Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) the growth of this advance is likely to increase. Understanding the growth response of these understory tree species is needed to improve mid-term timber supply projections and management decisions. To quantify the growth (diameter, height, height/diameter ratio) responses of black spruce and white spruce to lodgepole pine mortality, sample trees of black and white spruce advance regeneration were selected from 7 lodgepole pine dominated stands (5 attacked; 2 control) in the Foothills Region of western Alberta. Measurements were collected 7-8 years after MPB attack across a wide range of spruce height and stand densities. Analysis was done using mixed model linear regression. Result indicates that there was an increase in both diameter and height growth after MPB attack; however, this increase in growth was delayed for about four years. Both spruce species had similar height response and their height/diameter ratio decreased after release, partly as a result of increased understory light associated with loss of needles in the pine canopy. In addition, the diameter and height growth responses of both spruce species were strongly related to density, prerelease growth and initial size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mountain%20pine%20beetle" title="mountain pine beetle">mountain pine beetle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20regeneration" title=" forest regeneration"> forest regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lodgepole%20pine" title=" lodgepole pine"> lodgepole pine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20response" title=" growth response"> growth response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77119/release-response-of-black-spruce-and-white-spruce-following-overstory-lodgepole-pine-mortality-due-to-mountain-pine-beetle-attack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1458</span> Effect of Friction Parameters on the Residual Bagging Behaviors of Denim Fabrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Gazzah">M. Gazzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Jaouachi"> B. Jaouachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Sakli"> F. Sakli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research focuses on the yarn-to-yarn and metal-to-fabric friction effects on the residual bagging behavior expressed by residual bagging height, volume and recovery of some denim fabrics. The results show, that both residual bagging height and residual bagging volume, which is determined using image analysis method, are significantly affected due to the most influential fabric parameter variations, the weft yarns density and the mean frictional coefficients. After the applied number of fatigue cycles, the findings revealed that the weft yarn rigidity contributes on fabric bagging behavior accurately. Among the tested samples, our results show that the elastic fabrics present a high recovery ability to give low bagging height and volume values. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bagging%20recovery" title="bagging recovery">bagging recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denim%20fabric" title=" denim fabric"> denim fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-to-fabric%20friction" title=" metal-to-fabric friction"> metal-to-fabric friction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20bagging%20height" title=" residual bagging height"> residual bagging height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yarn-to-yarn%20friction" title=" yarn-to-yarn friction"> yarn-to-yarn friction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25575/effect-of-friction-parameters-on-the-residual-bagging-behaviors-of-denim-fabrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1457</span> Modeling of Wind Loads on Heliostats Installed in South Algeria of Various Pylon Height</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Merarda">Hakim Merarda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20Aksas"> Mounir Aksas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toufik%20Arrif"> Toufik Arrif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20Elfateh%20Belaid"> Abd Elfateh Belaid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amor%20Gama"> Amor Gama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reski%20Khelifi"> Reski Khelifi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Knowledge of wind loads is important to develop a heliostat with good performance. These loads can be calculated by mathematical equations based on several parameters: the density, wind velocity, the aspect ratio of the mirror (height/width) and the coefficient of the height of the tower. Measurement data of the wind velocity and the density of the air are used in a numerical simulation of wind profile that was performed on heliostats with different pylon heights, with 1m^2 mirror areas and with aspect ratio of mirror equal to 1. These measurement data are taken from the meteorological station installed in Ghardaia, Algeria. The main aim of this work is to find a mathematical correlation between the wind loads and the height of the tower. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heliostat" title="heliostat">heliostat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20tower%20power" title=" solar tower power"> solar tower power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20loads%20simulation" title=" wind loads simulation"> wind loads simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Algeria" title=" South Algeria"> South Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23141/modeling-of-wind-loads-on-heliostats-installed-in-south-algeria-of-various-pylon-height" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1456</span> Faithful Extension of Constant Height and Constant Width between Finite Posets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walied%20Hazim%20Sharif">Walied Hazim Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The problem of faithful extension with the condition of keeping constant height h and constant width w, i.e. for hw-inextensibility, seems more interesting than the brute extension of finite poset (partially ordered set). We shall investigate some theorems of hw-inextensive and hw-extensive posets that can be used to formulate the faithful extension problem. A theorem in its general form of hw-inextensive posets are given to implement the presented theorems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faithful%20extension" title="faithful extension">faithful extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poset" title=" poset"> poset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension" title=" extension"> extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inextension" title=" inextension"> inextension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height" title=" height"> height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=width" title=" width"> width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hw-extensive" title=" hw-extensive"> hw-extensive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hw-inextensive" title=" hw-inextensive"> hw-inextensive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12144/faithful-extension-of-constant-height-and-constant-width-between-finite-posets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1455</span> Optimum Design of Tall Tube-Type Building: An Approach to Structural Height Premium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kheyroddin">Ali Kheyroddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niloufar%20Mashhadiali"> Niloufar Mashhadiali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frazaneh%20Kheyroddin"> Frazaneh Kheyroddin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In last decades, tubular systems employed for tall buildings were efficient structural systems. However, increasing the height of a building leads to an increase in structural material corresponding to the loads imposed by lateral loads. Based on this approach, new structural systems are emerging to provide strength and stiffness with the minimum premium for height. In this research, selected tube-type structural systems such as framed tubes, braced tubes, diagrids and hexagrid systems were applied as a single tube, tubular structures combined with braced core and outrigger trusses on a set of 48, 72, and 96-story, respectively, to improve integrated structural systems. This paper investigated structural material consumption by model structures focusing on the premium for height. Compared analytical results indicated that as the height of the building increased, combination of the structural systems caused the framed tube, hexagrid and braced tube system to pay fewer premiums to material tonnage while in diagrid system, combining the structural system reduced insignificantly the steel material consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=braced%20tube" title="braced tube">braced tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagrid" title=" diagrid"> diagrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framed%20tube" title=" framed tube"> framed tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hexagrid" title=" hexagrid"> hexagrid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88416/optimum-design-of-tall-tube-type-building-an-approach-to-structural-height-premium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1454</span> Experimental Study on Floating Breakwater Anchored by Piles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yessi%20Nirwana%20Kurniadi">Yessi Nirwana Kurniadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nira%20Yunita%20Permata"> Nira Yunita Permata</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coastline is vulnerable to coastal erosion which damage infrastructure and buildings. Floating breakwaters are applied in order to minimize material cost but still can reduce wave height. In this paper, we investigated floating breakwater anchored by piles based on experimental study in the laboratory with model scale 1:8. Two type of floating model were tested with several combination wave height, wave period and surface water elevation to determined transmission coefficient. This experimental study proved that floating breakwater with piles can prevent wave height up to 27 cm. The physical model shows that ratio of depth to wave length is less than 0.6 and ratio of model width to wave length is less than 0.3. It is confirmed that if those ratio are less than those value, the transmission coefficient is 0.5. The result also showed that the first type model of floating breakwater can reduce wave height by 60.4 % while the second one can reduce up to 55.56 %. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=floating%20breakwater" title="floating breakwater">floating breakwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20study" title=" experimental study"> experimental study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pile" title=" pile"> pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transimission%20coefficient" title=" transimission coefficient"> transimission coefficient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78163/experimental-study-on-floating-breakwater-anchored-by-piles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78163.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1453</span> The Effect of Brassica rapa Leaf Extracts on the Growth of Upland Ipomoea aquatica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keziah%20Bazar">Keziah Bazar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of Brassica rapa leaf extracts on the growth of upland Ipomoea aquatica was investigated. One hundred grams Brassica rapa leaf were blended using a heavy duty blender. These were diluted with water to have final concentrations of 75% (T1), 50% (T2) and 25% (T3) that served as treatments of the study. Pure water (T0) that served as control was also included Upland Ipomoea aquatic were grown in pots. A 3-4 in water level was maintained during the whole duration of the study. Plant height, leaf area, fruit size and shoot height, were taken after 6 months. Results showed that plant height and shoot height was highest in T1 while T0 was the lowest. On the other hand, T2 had the highest leaf area and fruit size. The study suggests that T1 and T2 can be a good fertilizer for Ipomoea aquatica. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ipomoea%20aquatica" title="Ipomoea aquatica">Ipomoea aquatica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20extracts" title=" leaf extracts"> leaf extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brassica%20rapa" title=" Brassica rapa"> Brassica rapa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73123/the-effect-of-brassica-rapa-leaf-extracts-on-the-growth-of-upland-ipomoea-aquatica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1452</span> Monitoring Large-Coverage Forest Canopy Height by Integrating LiDAR and Sentinel-2 Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobo%20Liu">Xiaobo Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Mishra"> Rakesh Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yun%20Zhang"> Yun Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Continuous monitoring of forest canopy height with large coverage is essential for obtaining forest carbon stocks and emissions, quantifying biomass estimation, analyzing vegetation coverage, and determining biodiversity. LiDAR can be used to collect accurate woody vegetation structure such as canopy height. However, LiDAR’s coverage is usually limited because of its high cost and limited maneuverability, which constrains its use for dynamic and large area forest canopy monitoring. On the other hand, optical satellite images, like Sentinel-2, have the ability to cover large forest areas with a high repeat rate, but they do not have height information. Hence, exploring the solution of integrating LiDAR data and Sentinel-2 images to enlarge the coverage of forest canopy height prediction and increase the prediction repeat rate has been an active research topic in the environmental remote sensing community. In this study, we explore the potential of training a Random Forest Regression (RFR) model and a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, respectively, to develop two predictive models for predicting and validating the forest canopy height of the Acadia Forest in New Brunswick, Canada, with a 10m ground sampling distance (GSD), for the year 2018 and 2021. Two 10m airborne LiDAR-derived canopy height models, one for 2018 and one for 2021, are used as ground truth to train and validate the RFR and CNN predictive models. To evaluate the prediction performance of the trained RFR and CNN models, two new predicted canopy height maps (CHMs), one for 2018 and one for 2021, are generated using the trained RFR and CNN models and 10m Sentinel-2 images of 2018 and 2021, respectively. The two 10m predicted CHMs from Sentinel-2 images are then compared with the two 10m airborne LiDAR-derived canopy height models for accuracy assessment. The validation results show that the mean absolute error (MAE) for year 2018 of the RFR model is 2.93m, CNN model is 1.71m; while the MAE for year 2021 of the RFR model is 3.35m, and the CNN model is 3.78m. These demonstrate the feasibility of using the RFR and CNN models developed in this research for predicting large-coverage forest canopy height at 10m spatial resolution and a high revisit rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title="remote sensing">remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forest%20canopy%20height" title=" forest canopy height"> forest canopy height</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LiDAR" title=" LiDAR"> LiDAR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sentinel-2" title=" Sentinel-2"> Sentinel-2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20forest%20regression" title=" random forest regression"> random forest regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20network" title=" convolutional neural network"> convolutional neural network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161534/monitoring-large-coverage-forest-canopy-height-by-integrating-lidar-and-sentinel-2-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1451</span> A Mathematical Model Approach Regarding the Children’s Height Development with Fractional Calculus </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisa%20%C3%96zge%20%C3%96nal">Nisa Özge Önal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20Kara%C3%A7uha"> Kamil Karaçuha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%B6ksu%20Hazar%20Erdin%C3%A7"> Göksu Hazar Erdinç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Banu%20Bahar%20Kara%C3%A7uha"> Banu Bahar Karaçuha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ertu%C4%9Frul%20Kara%C3%A7uha"> Ertuğrul Karaçuha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to use a mathematical approach with the fractional calculus which is developed to have the ability to continuously analyze the factors related to the children’s height development. Until now, tracking the development of the child is getting more important and meaningful. Knowing and determining the factors related to the physical development of the child any desired time would provide better, reliable and accurate results for childcare. In this frame, 7 groups for height percentile curve (3th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th) of Turkey are used. By using discrete height data of 0-18 years old children and the least squares method, a continuous curve is developed valid for any time interval. By doing so, in any desired instant, it is possible to find the percentage and location of the child in Percentage Chart. Here, with the help of the fractional calculus theory, a mathematical model is developed. The outcomes of the proposed approach are quite promising compared to the linear and the polynomial method. The approach also yields to predict the expected values of children in the sense of height. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20growth%20percentile" title="children growth percentile">children growth percentile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children%20physical%20development" title=" children physical development"> children physical development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractional%20calculus" title=" fractional calculus"> fractional calculus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20and%20polynomial%20model" title=" linear and polynomial model"> linear and polynomial model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104840/a-mathematical-model-approach-regarding-the-childrens-height-development-with-fractional-calculus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=height&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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