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id="toc-Historical_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wooden_shipbuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wooden_shipbuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Wooden shipbuilding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wooden_shipbuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_or_steel_shipbuilding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_or_steel_shipbuilding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Iron or steel shipbuilding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_or_steel_shipbuilding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Boilermaking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boilermaking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Boilermaking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boilermaking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use_in_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use_in_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern use in construction</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_use_in_construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern use in construction subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_use_in_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Application" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Application"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Application</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Application-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Backer_rod" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backer_rod"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Backer rod</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backer_rod-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy_efficiency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy_efficiency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Energy efficiency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy_efficiency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preventing_infestation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preventing_infestation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Preventing infestation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preventing_infestation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acrylic_latex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acrylic_latex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Acrylic latex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acrylic_latex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acrylic_tile_sealant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acrylic_tile_sealant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Acrylic tile sealant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acrylic_tile_sealant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polyurethane" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyurethane"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Polyurethane</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyurethane-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silicone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silicone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Silicone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silicone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caulk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%A9" title="جلفطة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جلفطة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calafatament" title="Calafatament – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Calafatament" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalfatring" title="Kalfatring – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kalfatring" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalfatern" title="Kalfatern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalfatern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Καλαφάτισμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλαφάτισμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impermeabilizante" title="Impermeabilizante – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Impermeabilizante" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalfatrado" title="Kalfatrado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kalfatrado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="درزبندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درزبندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calfatage" title="Calfatage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calfatage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%ED%81%AC_(%EA%B1%B4%EC%B6%95%EC%9E%AC%EB%A3%8C)" title="코크 (건축재료) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코크 (건축재료)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakal" title="Pakal – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pakal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calafataggio" title="Calafataggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Calafataggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="איטום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeuwen" title="Breeuwen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Breeuwen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="コーキング – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コーキング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalfatring" title="Kalfatring – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kalfatring" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalfatre" title="Kalfatre – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kalfatre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calafetagem" title="Calafetagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Calafetagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Конопачение – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конопачение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drevning_(fartygskonstruktion)" title="Drevning (fartygskonstruktion) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Drevning (fartygskonstruktion)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Конопачення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Конопачення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E8%83%B6" title="玻璃胶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玻璃胶" data-language-autonym="中文" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Caulking&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Caulking">Caulking</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flexible material used in construction to seal joints</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the studs installed on horseshoes, see <a href="/wiki/Caulkin" title="Caulkin">Caulkin</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caulk" title="Special:EditPage/Caulk">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Caulk%22">"Caulk"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Caulk%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Caulk%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Caulk%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Caulk%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Caulk%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caulking_underneath_bathroom_sink.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Caulking_underneath_bathroom_sink.jpg/170px-Caulking_underneath_bathroom_sink.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Caulking_underneath_bathroom_sink.jpg/255px-Caulking_underneath_bathroom_sink.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Caulking_underneath_bathroom_sink.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Silicone" title="Silicone">Silicone</a>-based caulk on this upturned bathroom sink will spread smoothly, sealing the gap, when the sink is turned over and installed.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Caulk</b> (also known as <b>caulking</b> and <b>calking</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a material used to <a href="/wiki/Seal_(mechanical)" title="Seal (mechanical)">seal</a> <a href="/wiki/Joint_(building)" title="Joint (building)">joints</a> or seams against leakage in various structures and piping. </p><p>The oldest form of caulk consisted of fibrous materials driven into the wedge-shaped seams between boards on <a href="/wiki/Boat_building#Wood" title="Boat building">wooden boats or ships</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">Cast iron</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sewerage</a> <a href="/wiki/Water_pipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pipe">pipes</a> were formerly caulked in a similar way. Riveted seams in <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boilers</a> were formerly sealed by hammering the <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern caulking compounds are flexible sealing compounds used to close up gaps in <a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">buildings</a> and other structures against <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Air">air</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dust" title="Dust">dust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, or as a component in <a href="/wiki/Firestop" title="Firestop">firestopping</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Tunnel" title="Tunnel">tunneling</a> industry, caulking is the sealing of joints in segmental <a href="/wiki/Precast_concrete" title="Precast concrete">precast concrete</a> tunnels, commonly by using <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_uses">Historical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wooden_shipbuilding">Wooden shipbuilding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Wooden shipbuilding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditional caulking (also spelled calking) on wooden vessels uses <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fibers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">oakum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">hemp</a>) soaked in pine <a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">tar</a>. These fibers are driven into the wedge-shaped seam between planks, with a caulking mallet and a broad <a href="/wiki/Chisel" title="Chisel">chisel</a>-like tool called a caulking iron. The caulking is then covered over with a <a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">putty</a>, in the case of hull seams, or else in deck seams with melted pine <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(resin)" title="Pitch (resin)">pitch</a>, in a process referred to as paying, or "calefaction" (cf Dutch <i><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeuwen" class="extiw" title="nl:Breeuwen">kalefateren</a></i>). Those who carried out this work were known as caulkers. In the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_prophet" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical prophet">prophet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> refers to the caulking of ships as a specialist skill.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caulked_hull_timbers,_Spry,_Blists_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried-out caulking on the Severn trow Spry, now displayed on shore"><img alt="Dried-out caulking on the Severn trow Spry, now displayed on shore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Caulked_hull_timbers%2C_Spry%2C_Blists_Hill.jpg/200px-Caulked_hull_timbers%2C_Spry%2C_Blists_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Caulked_hull_timbers%2C_Spry%2C_Blists_Hill.jpg/300px-Caulked_hull_timbers%2C_Spry%2C_Blists_Hill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Caulked_hull_timbers%2C_Spry%2C_Blists_Hill.jpg/400px-Caulked_hull_timbers%2C_Spry%2C_Blists_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried-out caulking on the <a href="/wiki/Severn_trow" class="mw-redirect" title="Severn trow">Severn trow</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Severn_trow,_Spry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severn trow, Spry (page does not exist)"><i>Spry</i></a>, now displayed on shore</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caulking_tools.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The tools of traditional wooden ship caulking: caulking mallet, caulker's seat, caulking irons, cotton and oakum"><img alt="The tools of traditional wooden ship caulking: caulking mallet, caulker's seat, caulking irons, cotton and oakum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caulking_tools.jpg/198px-Caulking_tools.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caulking_tools.jpg/298px-Caulking_tools.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Caulking_tools.jpg/397px-Caulking_tools.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1670" data-file-height="1347" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The tools of traditional wooden ship caulking: caulking mallet, caulker's seat, caulking irons, <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">oakum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A caulking mallet, tar pot and a piece of petrified tar found on board the 16th century carrack Mary Rose"><img alt="A caulking mallet, tar pot and a piece of petrified tar found on board the 16th century carrack Mary Rose" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG/200px-MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG/300px-MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG/400px-MaryRose-caulking_tools2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3027" data-file-height="2397" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A caulking mallet, tar pot and a piece of petrified tar found on board the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">carrack</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Rose" title="Mary Rose">Mary Rose</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_or_steel_shipbuilding">Iron or steel shipbuilding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Iron or steel shipbuilding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In riveted steel or iron <a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">ship construction</a>, caulking was a process of rendering seams watertight by driving a thick, blunt chisel-like tool into the plating adjacent to the seam. This had the effect of displacing the metal into a close fit with the adjoining piece.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boilermaking">Boilermaking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Boilermaking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caulking of iron and steel, of the same type described above for ship's hulls, was also used by <a href="/wiki/Boilermaker" title="Boilermaker">boilermakers</a> in the era of riveted <a href="/wiki/Steam_boiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam boiler">boilers</a> to make the joints watertight and steamtight.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use_in_construction">Modern use in construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Modern use in construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Application">Application<span class="anchor" id="Caulking_gun"></span><span class="anchor" id="Caulk_cartridge"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caulking,_USAF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Caulking%2C_USAF.jpg/220px-Caulking%2C_USAF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Caulking%2C_USAF.jpg/330px-Caulking%2C_USAF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Caulking%2C_USAF.jpg/440px-Caulking%2C_USAF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2245" /></a><figcaption>Man applying caulk to <a href="/wiki/Baseboard" title="Baseboard">baseboard</a></figcaption></figure> <p>For bulk use, caulk is generally distributed in disposable cartridges, which are rigid cylindrical cardboard or plastic tubes with an applicator tip at one end, and a movable plunger at the far end. These are used in caulking guns, which typically have a trigger connected to a rod which pushes the plunger, and has a <a href="/wiki/Ratchet_(device)" title="Ratchet (device)">ratchet</a> to prevent backlash. The push rod may also be actuated by a motor or by compressed air. Similar mechanisms are used for <a href="/wiki/Grease_gun" title="Grease gun">grease guns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McClintock_2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClintock_2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For smaller applications, caulk may be distributed in <a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">squeeze tubes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McClintock_2011_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClintock_2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Backer_rod">Backer rod</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Backer rod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Backer rod, also called backer material or back-up rod, is a flexible <a href="/wiki/Foam" title="Foam">foam</a> product used behind caulking to increase elasticity, reduce consumption, force the caulking into contact with the sides of the joint creating a better bond, determine the thickness of the caulking, and define the cross-section hour-glass shape of the caulk. The backer rod also acts as a bond breaker to keep the caulking from sticking to the bottom of the opening—called a three-sided bond—with the caulk only adhering to the sides of the opening in an hour-glass shape it can flex more easily and is less likely to tear. Backer rods can also be used to reduce consumption of the caulking by filling part of the joints. </p><p>Closed-cell foam does not absorb water and is impermeable. Closed-cell rods are less compressible and should not be compressed more than 25%.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibb_1980_p41_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb_1980_p41-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Closed-cell rod will also lose firmness and out-gas if damaged during installation or overcompressed or at sharp bends. The gasses cannot pass through this backer rod and can deform, weaken, and even cause holes (leaks) in the caulk or <a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">sealant</a> as it escapes. </p><p>Out-gassing is the reason that open-cell backer rod was developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibb_1980_p41_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb_1980_p41-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Open-cell foam is porous so it will let gasses through which could otherwise cause blistering of the caulk or sealant. Additionally, open-cell backer rod allows air to get to the back side of the caulk or sealant which accelerates curing when used with air-cured sealants such as <a href="/wiki/Silicone" title="Silicone">silicone</a>. Open-cell rod is more compressible than closed-cell foam and should be compressed 25% to 75%.<sup id="cite_ref-Gibb_1980_p41_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gibb_1980_p41-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy_efficiency">Energy efficiency</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Energy efficiency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Federation_of_America" title="Consumer Federation of America">Consumer Federation of America</a>, sealing unwanted leaks around homes is an excellent way to cut home energy costs and decrease the household <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>. </p><p>Also, sealing cracks and crevices around homes lessens the strain on home appliances and can save time, money and hassle by preventing major repairs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preventing_infestation">Preventing infestation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Preventing infestation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sealing cracks and crevices prevents ingress by rodents.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acrylic_latex">Acrylic latex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Acrylic latex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most common type of caulk is acrylic latex, for general-purpose use.<sup id="cite_ref-Dale_2023_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dale_2023-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Not only is acrylic latex inexpensive, but it is also the easiest type to apply smoothly and later paint if needed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epic_Rope_2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epic_Rope_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acrylic_tile_sealant">Acrylic tile sealant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Acrylic tile sealant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acrylic tile sealant usually comes in small tubes and is commonly used for wet applications.<sup id="cite_ref-Epic_Rope_2019_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epic_Rope_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polyurethane">Polyurethane</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Polyurethane"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Polyurethane" title="Polyurethane">Polyurethane</a> caulk is very durable and professional grade.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silicone">Silicone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Silicone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">Sealant</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caulking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Caulking.jpg/220px-Caulking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Caulking.jpg/330px-Caulking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Caulking.jpg/440px-Caulking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2558" data-file-height="2025" /></a><figcaption>Silicone caulking extruded from a caulking gun</figcaption></figure> <p>Silicone caulk or sealant is water-, mold-, and mildew-resistant.<sup id="cite_ref-Dale_2023_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dale_2023-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Epic_Rope_2019_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epic_Rope_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Technically, when a joint material is silicone-based, it is considered a <i>sealant</i> rather than caulk.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grout" title="Grout">Grout</a> – Building material</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/caulk">"Caulk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caulk&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcaulk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1898" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Walter S. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IXtJAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA230"><i>Steam-Boiler Construction</i></a>. p. 230.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Steam-Boiler+Construction&rft.pages=230&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Walter+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIXtJAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Ezekiel+27:9&version=nkjv">Ezekiel 27:9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uscg.mil/hq/g-m/nvic/7_01/n7-01.pdf">"Navigation and Vessel Inspection Circulars (NVIC): USCG"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>USCG.mil</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USCG.mil&rft.atitle=Navigation+and+Vessel+Inspection+Circulars+%28NVIC%29%3A+USCG&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uscg.mil%2Fhq%2Fg-m%2Fnvic%2F7_01%2Fn7-01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColvin1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Fred_H._Colvin" title="Fred H. 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Epstein, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thespruce.com/select-the-right-caulk-for-the-job-1824846">"How to Choose Caulk and Sealant for Every Home Project"</a>. <i>The Spruce</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dotdash_Meredith" title="Dotdash Meredith">Dotdash Meredith</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spruce&rft.atitle=How+to+Choose+Caulk+and+Sealant+for+Every+Home+Project&rft.date=2023-02-21&rft.aulast=Dale&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thespruce.com%2Fselect-the-right-caulk-for-the-job-1824846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2021" class="citation web cs1">Petersen, Mark (August 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familyhandyman.com/list/expert-guide-for-choosing-the-right-caulk-for-any-job/">"Expert Guide for Choosing the Right Caulk for Any Job"</a>. <i>Family Handyman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Family+Handyman&rft.atitle=Expert+Guide+for+Choosing+the+Right+Caulk+for+Any+Job&rft.date=2021-08-28&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familyhandyman.com%2Flist%2Fexpert-guide-for-choosing-the-right-caulk-for-any-job%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epic_Rope_2019-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Epic_Rope_2019_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epic_Rope_2019_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epic_Rope_2019_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosh2019" class="citation web cs1">Josh (October 2, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epicropeaccess.com/exterior-maintenance-plan-why-routine-caulking-is-needed-on-commercial-buildings">"Exterior Maintenance Plan: Why Routine Caulking is Needed on Commercial Buildings"</a>. <i>Epic Rope Access</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Epic+Rope+Access&rft.atitle=Exterior+Maintenance+Plan%3A+Why+Routine+Caulking+is+Needed+on+Commercial+Buildings&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft.au=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epicropeaccess.com%2Fexterior-maintenance-plan-why-routine-caulking-is-needed-on-commercial-buildings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oatey.com/faqs-blog-videos-case-studies/blog/how-to-choose-right-caulk-or-sealant">"How to Choose the Right Caulk or Sealant for Your Next Plumbing Project"</a>. Oatey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+Choose+the+Right+Caulk+or+Sealant+for+Your+Next+Plumbing+Project&rft.pub=Oatey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oatey.com%2Ffaqs-blog-videos-case-studies%2Fblog%2Fhow-to-choose-right-caulk-or-sealant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaulk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caulk&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caulking" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Caulking">Caulking</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hand_tools" title="Template talk:Hand tools"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Block_plane" title="Block plane">Block plane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brace_(tool)" title="Brace (tool)">Brace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradawl" title="Bradawl">Bradawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaker_bar" title="Breaker bar">Breaker bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_paw_(tool)" title="Cat's paw (tool)">Cat's paw</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caulking gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamp_(tool)" title="Clamp (tool)">Clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimp_(joining)#Electrical_crimp" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowbar" title="Crowbar">Crowbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead-blow_hammer" title="Dead-blow hammer">Dead-blow hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_tape" title="Fish tape">Fish tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimlet_(tool)" title="Gimlet (tool)">Gimlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_breaker" title="Glass breaker">Glass breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_gun" title="Grease gun">Grease gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer" title="Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_tacker" title="Hammer tacker">Hammer tacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_(plasterer%27s_tool)" title="Hawk (plasterer's tool)">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headlamp_(outdoor)" title="Headlamp (outdoor)">Headlamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hex_key" title="Hex key">Hex key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">Hole punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_driver" title="Impact driver">Impact driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_(device)" title="Jack (device)">Jack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locking_pliers" title="Locking pliers">Locking pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lug_wrench" title="Lug wrench">Lug wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallet" title="Mallet">Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitre_box" title="Mitre box">Mitre box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_wrench" title="Monkey wrench">Monkey wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-tool" title="Multi-tool">Multi-tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_driver" title="Nut driver">Nut driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_roller" title="Paint roller">Paint roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush#paintbrushes" title="Brush">Paintbrush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencil_sharpener" title="Pencil sharpener">Pencil sharpener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_drill" title="Persian drill">Persian drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pincers_(tool)" title="Pincers (tool)">Pincers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_wrench" title="Pipe wrench">Pipe wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliers" title="Pliers">Pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber_wrench" title="Plumber wrench">Plumber wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber%27s_snake" title="Plumber's snake">Plumber's snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunger" title="Plunger">Plunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podger_spanner" title="Podger spanner">Podger spanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_(tool)" title="Punch (tool)">Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punch_down_tool" title="Punch down tool">Punch down tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_awl" title="Scratch awl">Scratch awl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screwdriver" title="Screwdriver">Screwdriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledgehammer" title="Sledgehammer">Sledgehammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_hammer" title="Slide hammer">Slide hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socket_wrench" title="Socket wrench">Socket wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_maul" title="Spike maul">Spike maul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stitching_awl" title="Stitching awl">Stitching awl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strap_wrench" title="Strap wrench">Strap wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tactical_light" title="Tactical light">Tactical light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tire_iron" title="Tire iron">Tire iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue-and-groove_pliers" title="Tongue-and-groove pliers">Tongue-and-groove pliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torque_wrench" title="Torque wrench">Torque wrench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweezers" title="Tweezers">Tweezers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upholstery_hammer" title="Upholstery hammer">Upholstery hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrench" title="Wrench">Wrench</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_tools" title="Template:Types of tools">Types of tools</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleaning_tools" title="Template:Cleaning tools">Cleaning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools">Cutting and abrasive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools">Forestry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_tools" title="Template:Garden tools">Garden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools">Hand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kitchen_tools" title="Template:Kitchen tools">Kitchen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_and_metalworking_tools" title="Template:Machine and metalworking tools">Machine and metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masonry_tools" title="Template:Masonry tools">Masonry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Measuring_and_alignment_tools" title="Template:Measuring and alignment tools">Measuring and alignment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mining_equipment" title="Template:Mining equipment">Mining</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_tools" title="Template:Textile tools">Textile</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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