CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9177ce704fdd6010',cH: 'X7eCPaoq6kMXC3Qc1tuyodms0TPh81RxB2mYk5HZg3g-1740487672-1.2.1.1-PlUMSjejn__9dTPXHRBIkYweXpTpJu6QIUxCDzIo_EE3IGpsXRRYgxmQ74APTEip',cUPMDTk: "\/10011729\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=9uDGFTbcTSvw98eRZ6cHNzO.ADyS2YyiLnD31rW86Go-1740487672-1.0.1.1-8srprDgi7wyUA4S56A3KEK0JT01xLz8EeSs4QFOCBWA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740487672',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10011729\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=9uDGFTbcTSvw98eRZ6cHNzO.ADyS2YyiLnD31rW86Go-1740487672-1.0.1.1-8srprDgi7wyUA4S56A3KEK0JT01xLz8EeSs4QFOCBWA",md: "eD_B0FioMYQWv1WFL0.awDMF_Vyfjh7zSF2TdfnpY5s-1740487672-1.2.1.1-dP86vpWikFw7Jx7uthEAa4u_MXUp6mbNbP3jdrRoqlSkzX3N0AVC2cpJ2no1bPsby._.25zOO.Ah6zLf.ZfvdAumU0Ijh8CbQE36Yh.3CDPst76yNYTWsTlP423vz.gH.U7cHbQq4.Ez7y6Q4KlT0DmqIqEazrDBXeuS0C46vD2uyOJ54W7bnqFeflbE1bmWNWnJfrVszGnRtoOhO72cxj0RYLVpAog5V12HASlKuTFGb5LNRRT7hTLm6awNGQ7MknKPyCAW_HQ3QNj_JxABf8roPQZ_tciVMgorTdEk1ttAENuQCRFgnvFco7AMTXMECLDOmYOICuk8BJKeMvo144n5MgvVSyQ3oXPqto848lT0V9I6Ug9DLxJXY7pdAfSOVnB34_pj3_Dvc1qABx4h4vyG4OLWl5Hm1vYUa.X3kciEGuwbit1SB52Z52T55.cYLAVGQUPAK55vpNKsvYElhwc5qp6y.aZwVVnWVJFzFHWTdBmWq4XAQIUwzct_.XAaFSAaUDLcd5Ed11whdmZKDYaHS5aYQxgdsMOptGQeaKXtpbN_AT__iHhfJhTmzXdE.050EjiG5_TYkOyrZmLmxSdCtnvzq1V__t.BqtwMO.3Q4MAdsPEj_skJBTb7wPPZNQW5zpe7TYBdpVE1rkkFUDGOMe9k8Z325VitKCK1XdUZ5uhnPqzlXFkhLyqSMhq7x1fp2gcOvjOHYB_wyVxAttoEg1JRy73hj_rc9wwi8kZFsmMuS5BJHTUG9QGftKRwBmHG7gligogcO9At1G8jkZkU240H5akl24agHGIfoZB1n8eT2YzNZ2ddVQ0LsFENK2Sl4TJMIRMJWbjSbP4VNeqEd.KbyjpB7GvwQXlZ20Se2XajdOWba.ZXmAibge2.Uj6HOTVUjV7gk1eBv3oohiTeFnRJQrEmMERwAjQsG.w_Rc8Naym9Oq6y2CKrJvl_wmNZxpxEU0H1q5g1ICzAokAKE7sGk4C1IQ4Tp349Qr3d12pGyo4gkiu8lSfvtF2tDq6JM2DFwV1PtfiZJjpx04A2iiBmlL0_IEa.u924aYgI6JTh7EfHnCttp.QcjAbTg_sW1f4N6dSBvcDUDYs_GqhxieeNIl9fdmtjhQHxQEsA6o.xmQ0zxi53ViuT1C5kNHysnQ1TkMx9RaTwlqAclINmdts6gfQDOzGNl5eAiR8ahqvpjx8NVU8LcskUh8Ehx.VjSWqe8T1vSDei0usR69b4g1HAjXhakcqh8BOIzMS_M0qFCh29ZBXq54SGwZEVYNic9eQmmQF7W5UozV3axnPKc2GF5Sh6Mz0H_zIAAVmkgYVJBRjfK8ZxW0IqWkTA2UeZigbMKgb.zLXHSgs_V7kF0WPfZ9oCoedQE9VIrruykZ6zMxZWKgLUvjRIqct._r2_i84i1ET393S1_9SC7dUwd_3cc0J_t.4pPR5eFdjuF6.brM6HUvUkz92A2t7ZWxNJl5lGSDDH14WPk.OA40E_2EjGnRGezPdA_xME4Cg0Tsak6MbWFC1ejg02uBe2wL0B9Pdw9scyCfX_CPlsr0hlQjHd4hSvO3SntiE04v527gKihprLy0Lqpy6c9hMzwtXH6AzpK9aSr.rgAYbsjwx15pEUv4C3aOrCgPIceZtMTf7WvGeGeZ9M3_mOkj.5CVwUBJ3qqRVgY42PBkJhIxyyVVrve0PufBgPMqCM_dsFHlJG0e_VL9w.KHeTGgiYYGLpXFbmz_l8kYGC.85xBnc6ohiu5QhSnf9V5m11nlrPtgv6JVYLgH4XHg48pS7asYSbJS0rJhCb8enVnHq1ZccgwnZxNioXunMniOH8yHrsw7FdpfTuk19M1ZOmSUJsowQWWg_LIRsJrvfCDLWtlsn8qnHjAkjCpOlMY87Nhbg",mdrd: "jFpj41iow6VH6s7e6Ni94TJqtfWVH3RLUDSnQ1OCHm4-1740487672-1.2.1.1-pfQadZPPEx8JVGD6wijy0JV2O9K5R9fBtEd22vsq3ktLCxyQHCTC.JbZ29fcxHqUP4Yv0rXJJYxruYNKR4B3Kh3d2Q77wzk4xo45YnXA2x1C0fDBZH._PRFRZmD3DmNZ5paTBDcRv_._S2qxBkfuthgQYElG3Rs9uKVsC_TUdPwI7IIQ8ZaP1_udfam8nfF3hHXBEAQMdCCVRxC7r5e9cR9GG1Se4O8JqSDBSmtSjQBrGn5vKZPp7KCDveYqd1nJ09wu80mxxTPtaXI._yJ0GJEUTn6WNHNIIyKJ30JT90a5z9s2xvsHBza15kbr3rsPhLWvwKNdo5G2azjBm3lwY97wu9Kv.uKd02CzTL1u9FOd8xJWcSDfly0A8dQpCFc9.NgOhTWEbTUxRaPnv79L1Svv71DIaeXYDZ8otJUbDkIMpU9eu4uCaGw0EHYuE7ALXtgT6JPWyliHsbv2hmmtk3FhSIPdCasfXcnZaont4qJFGo3cknU.oCIp1MRCzN28ra6s0j1L8WqSoCCLO9Ue3CwFurvB1dV7Otp3z6sk2SDrEsG0.lf0w4hCzJFzpte7Nm7xM6NB.WhNLxyNPjEscIxdRvg5UzV7eddG.cbCBBXZeYG_I.XzdUNUvyz3kCdlzrridYV7dQSA7j68K4gMZK5_YPpljwxmJL8HMjf5mIZKItHfd0jnrA5UPD.febwna4yulesUqUECtY.IxqPfWtPqn6DLdWTqRcw7Sf6KvdYWgU3q_HOWdhMR7Jdjq0zg6p87p8DJYwzokY0K4kHgQj5BfRhHax8Y5EVP0NxMwkI_27TePkXI7CFcD0QYxaWTwUb3W6gRwANfqod7UVf53Q2Xrbkv0fCDOe_Puzgqq9JfP050.PFkHSgDzVrZXAio0sUZjtNaLDElKYZONymndhenvJYwh7lu4jipG1wH4WHiOOxzsvzMa_nuhfeqovNzYJxnHPwdwJVTLYv_5GHqq9WiqC8KQcnjkT6hCfxUjyK.6DKCCYGLwmKSC76cwi0s50AIgjSGt6iX3jqUhXTWcf95Vx11fkbIhkQxfHFfUzEJ_nraqUsjgzpOe64fIkL7uniJfmr1hREhJi_4F7yBGOjq1OT1EMMn98P07RgLo758ooUilMhUTScywlUZ3UMPnp7A20FJUDTjz3yhEeHcBouZpjpQDtTDOuodoQ72._IIzRvKyEpwVvo2BloZ8Spg7NqKyhZROp4weEEhl03Bmcz7fRN7uWNP6E039aVdA15AmySWPBPU.z4vaBaVn3vDKcxRzdckqMc9q8lTrTEfudKu1ba36.J21FJvYkpo0dOhgtWu3VQYkfR8lMQUCbLVj6o1vH9LZbSs_9rBFA8O3l.iq9S3Oe6_mTIjuCiW6qWRJMQ2riz8w7UFaWVnJJvOq7wttgcxLn4DF2tgr_g18_CIKAJT9SNFYpPAdQjXd.TkMmXppLU9NclRy7QLQhAZhc7zzHJ31GAA8MIRsHlddSl4GeqCG5eZ7GZelq0GqtKVVD9gJYkGqHGPIggw50RgHnzXtRWFV.N5.mTTMn.SNXIe81HjCWjHFQ4UQ8shucVCnRcFMAnuTB8HWa3JM7JJqkjitv6LwxYEFBuN60KaWmfqbW.T42jM0tMvyxBa6PGjm_8C2_o6DvTfCgrJKPOvCY6P2t0AWyZzPrHH2tUk9ArWgEtrGf3LydiMZX3vkOGYGnLoUS3oZ_YCS.5SslpL.RE3v3.abGogI2nzIx1.m77_8MFExvKEY2EmUj7RNqIvkwNzkw7L594SI0PowAm27Tl8iPlbJPoMO5Og2bETr_mLyqPe75WhzEpM7xJCIRuoLvndFzYz.WVviGhjg0FbCFSdtGvVizFnB8.2TkUe6o3kVHAh49k38VjuuQpOl2WTTuDsbtfNEK1tL66EphlOYGhc4fLkcJRVz0WLjaEZpNbjGXKZry.WJa27v3bwryJFCtDCFddwa.qXfcgCbjhe"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9177ce704fdd6010';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10011729\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=9uDGFTbcTSvw98eRZ6cHNzO.ADyS2YyiLnD31rW86Go-1740487672-1.0.1.1-8srprDgi7wyUA4S56A3KEK0JT01xLz8EeSs4QFOCBWA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>