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Personele unie - Wikipedia

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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/23_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Personele+unie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Personele+unie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&amp;returnto=Personele+unie" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&amp;returnto=Personele+unie" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina&#039;s voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Voorbeelden</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Voorbeelden-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Andorra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andorra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Andorra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andorra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-België" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#België"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>België</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-België-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-De_Bourgondische_en_Habsburgse_Nederlanden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_Bourgondische_en_Habsburgse_Nederlanden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>De Bourgondische en Habsburgse Nederlanden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_Bourgondische_en_Habsburgse_Nederlanden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denemarken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denemarken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Denemarken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denemarken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engeland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engeland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Engeland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engeland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankrijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankrijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Frankrijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankrijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Groot-Brittannië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Groot-Brittannië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Groot-Brittannië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Groot-Brittannië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hannover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hannover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Hannover</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hannover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heilige_Roomse_Rijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Heilige Roomse Rijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heilige_Roomse_Rijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hongarije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hongarije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Hongarije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hongarije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IJsland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IJsland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>IJsland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IJsland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ierland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ierland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Ierland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ierland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kongo-Vrijstaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kongo-Vrijstaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Kongo-Vrijstaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kongo-Vrijstaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litouwen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litouwen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Litouwen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litouwen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxemburg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxemburg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Luxemburg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxemburg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nadjd_en_Hidjaz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nadjd_en_Hidjaz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Nadjd en Hidjaz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nadjd_en_Hidjaz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noorwegen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noorwegen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>Noorwegen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noorwegen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oostenrijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oostenrijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Oostenrijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oostenrijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Polen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rusland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>Rusland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23</span> <span>Schotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.24</span> <span>Spanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sleeswijk_en_Holstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sleeswijk_en_Holstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.25</span> <span>Sleeswijk en Holstein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sleeswijk_en_Holstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verenigd_Koninkrijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verenigd_Koninkrijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.26</span> <span>Verenigd Koninkrijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verenigd_Koninkrijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.27</span> <span>Zweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Personele unie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 62 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="اتحاد شخصي – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اتحاد شخصي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%89" title="اتحاد شخصى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتحاد شخصى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuni%C3%B3n_personal" title="Xunión personal – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xunión personal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99xsi_birlik" title="Şəxsi birlik – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəxsi birlik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Асабістая унія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асабістая унія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Лична уния – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лична уния" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalna_unija" title="Personalna unija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Personalna unija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3_personal" title="Unió personal – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Unió personal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_unie" title="Personální unie – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Personální unie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undeb_personol" title="Undeb personol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Undeb personol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalunion" title="Personalunion – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Personalunion" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalunion" title="Personalunion – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Personalunion" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%89%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Προσωπική ένωση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Προσωπική ένωση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Personal union" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persona_unio" title="Persona unio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Persona unio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_personal" title="Unión personal – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Unión personal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaalunioon" title="Personaalunioon – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Personaalunioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batasun_pertsonal" title="Batasun pertsonal – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Batasun pertsonal" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="اتحاد شخصی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اتحاد شخصی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personaaliunioni" title="Personaaliunioni – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Personaaliunioni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_personnelle" title="Union personnelle – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Union personnelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personele_uny" title="Personele uny – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Personele uny" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_persoal" title="Unión persoal – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Unión persoal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אוניה פרסונלית – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניה פרסונלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalna_unija" title="Personalna unija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Personalna unija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perszon%C3%A1luni%C3%B3" title="Perszonálunió – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Perszonálunió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Անձնական ունիա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անձնական ունիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_personal" title="Uni personal – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uni personal" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_uniono" title="Personal uniono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Personal uniono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungssamband" title="Konungssamband – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungssamband" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unione_personale" title="Unione personale – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unione personale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%90%9B%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88" title="同君連合 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同君連合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EA%B5%B0%EC%97%B0%ED%95%A9" title="동군연합 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동군연합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Энчи уния – Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Энчи уния" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karatsjaj-Balkarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalunioun" title="Personalunioun – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Personalunioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_personala" title="Union personala – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Union personala" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person%C4%81l%C5%ABnija" title="Personālūnija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Personālūnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%98%D1%83%D0%B7" title="Личен сојуз – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Личен сојуз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalunion" title="Personalunion – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Personalunion" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalunion" title="Personalunion – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Personalunion" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_personala" title="Union personala – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Union personala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unia_personalna" title="Unia personalna – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Unia personalna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_pessoal" title="União pessoal – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="União pessoal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniune_personal%C4%83" title="Uniune personală – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Uniune personală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Личная уния – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Личная уния" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalna_unija" title="Personalna unija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Personalna unija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Personal union" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person%C3%A1lna_%C3%BAnia_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1ty)" title="Personálna únia (štáty) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Personálna únia (štáty)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalna_unija" title="Personalna unija – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Personalna unija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashkimi_personal" title="Bashkimi personal – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkimi personal" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalna_unija" title="Personalna unija – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Personalna unija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalunion" title="Personalunion – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Personalunion" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muungano_wa_kifalme" title="Muungano wa kifalme – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Muungano wa kifalme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="விரும்பிய ஒன்றிணைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விரும்பிய ஒன்றிணைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82" title="รัฐร่วมประมุข – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐร่วมประมุข" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eahsi_birlik" title="Şahsi birlik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şahsi birlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Персональна унія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Персональна унія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_persona%C5%82e" title="Union personałe – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Union personałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_minh_c%C3%A1_nh%C3%A2n" title="Liên minh cá nhân – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên minh cá nhân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%BB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%94" title="共主邦联 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="共主邦联" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%BB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="共主邦聯 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="共主邦聯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A2ng-l%C3%A2ng_li%C3%A2n-ha%CC%8Dp" title="Kâng-lâng liân-ha̍p – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kâng-lâng liân-ha̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karel-V-rijken.jpg/300px-Karel-V-rijken.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karel-V-rijken.jpg/450px-Karel-V-rijken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Karel-V-rijken.jpg/600px-Karel-V-rijken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>De personele unie van <a href="/wiki/Keizer_Karel_V" title="Keizer Karel V">keizer Karel V</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Een <b>personele unie</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Staatsvorm" title="Staatsvorm">staatsvorm</a> waarbij twee of meer <a href="/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek)">staten</a> hetzelfde <a href="/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd">staatshoofd</a> hebben, waar iedere staat <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> onafhankelijk is. De staten behouden hun eigen politieke identiteit, recht, kerkelijke organisatie, parlement en bestuursorganen. Een personele unie mag niet worden verward met een <a href="/wiki/Bondsstaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bondsstaat">federatie</a> zoals de <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Verenigde Staten</a> of <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Belgi%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninkrijk België">België</a>, die als één enkele staat worden beschouwd. </p><p>Personele unies kunnen ontstaan door toeval (de echtgenote van een koning van het ene land wordt door de dood van haar vader/broer koningin van haar land van herkomst en haar kind erft dus beide landen) maar kunnen ook een verkapte vorm van <a href="/wiki/Annexatie" title="Annexatie">annexatie</a> zijn. Personele unies zijn in sommige gevallen in de wet opgenomen, maar dat hoeft niet altijd zo te zijn. In het laatste geval kan een personele unie vrij gemakkelijk ontbonden worden als er verschillen in de <a href="/wiki/Erfopvolging" title="Erfopvolging">erfopvolging</a> zijn tussen de beide landen. Zo waren het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_der_Nederlanden" title="Koninkrijk der Nederlanden">Koninkrijk der Nederlanden</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Groothertogdom_Luxemburg_(1815-1890)" title="Groothertogdom Luxemburg (1815-1890)">Groothertogdom Luxemburg</a> van <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> in een personele unie verbonden. Toen <a href="/wiki/Willem_III_der_Nederlanden" title="Willem III der Nederlanden">Willem III</a> stierf zonder een zoon na te laten werd hij in Nederland door zijn dochter <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_der_Nederlanden" title="Wilhelmina der Nederlanden">Wilhelmina</a> opgevolgd. In Luxemburg kon een vrouw echter geen troonopvolger zijn. Luxemburg beriep zich op de <a href="/wiki/Salische_Wet" title="Salische Wet">Salische Wet</a> om een mannelijke opvolger te eisen, waardoor het huis van Oranje-Nassau het groothertogdom verloor. </p><p>Personele unies komen voornamelijk voor in <a href="/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie">monarchieën</a> en zijn daarom tegenwoordig vrij zeldzaam. Een bekend voorbeeld zijn de vijftien <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" title="Commonwealth realm">Commonwealth realms</a>. </p><p>Binnen een soevereine staat (in volkenrechtelijke zin) kan één monarch aan het hoofd staan van meerdere regeringen. Zo voert de <a href="/wiki/Koning_der_Nederlanden" title="Koning der Nederlanden">Koning der Nederlanden</a> de regering van het Koninkrijk, maar voert hij ook de regeringen van Nederland, Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten. In de <a href="/wiki/Federale_monarchie" title="Federale monarchie">federale monarchieën</a> Australië en Canada is Charles III ook de monarch van iedere deelstaat. In het <a href="/wiki/Duitse_Keizerrijk" title="Duitse Keizerrijk">Duitse Keizerrijk</a> was de <a href="/wiki/Duits_keizer" title="Duits keizer">Duits keizer</a> tevens <a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_heersers_van_Pruisen" title="Lijst van heersers van Pruisen">koning van Pruisen</a>. </p><p>Ook in het <a href="/wiki/Bedrijf" title="Bedrijf">bedrijfsleven</a> wordt de term 'personele unie' wel gebruikt voor een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Belangengemeenschap&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Belangengemeenschap (de pagina bestaat niet)">belangengemeenschap</a>, waarbij twee of meer bedrijven onder dezelfde leiding worden gesteld. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andorra"><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andorra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andorra"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Deels personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> sinds <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a> (de Franse president is een van de staatshoofden van Andorra).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="België"><span id="Belgi.C3.AB"></span><a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: België" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: België"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Kongo-Vrijstaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongo-Vrijstaat">Kongo-Vrijstaat</a> van <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_van_Belgi%C3%AB" title="Leopold II van België">Leopold II</a>, daarna als <a href="/wiki/Belgisch-Congo" title="Belgisch-Congo">Belgisch-Congo</a> ingelijfd bij België tot <a href="/wiki/1960" title="1960">1960</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_Bourgondische_en_Habsburgse_Nederlanden">De <a href="/wiki/Bourgondische_Nederlanden" title="Bourgondische Nederlanden">Bourgondische</a> en <a href="/wiki/Habsburgse_Nederlanden" title="Habsburgse Nederlanden">Habsburgse Nederlanden</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De Bourgondische en Habsburgse Nederlanden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: De Bourgondische en Habsburgse Nederlanden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Bourgondische_hertogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourgondische hertogen">hertogen van Bourgondië</a> waren in hun talloze landen graaf, heer of hertog. Hun erfgenaam <a href="/wiki/Keizer_Karel_V" title="Keizer Karel V">keizer Karel V</a> was in zijn gebieden, die heel Europa omspanden, Karel I, II, III, IV of V. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denemarken"><a href="/wiki/Denemarken" title="Denemarken">Denemarken</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Denemarken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Denemarken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Noorwegen" title="Noorwegen">Noorwegen</a> van <a href="/wiki/1380" title="1380">1380</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a> (daarna werd Noorwegen officieel bij Denemarken ingelijfd).</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Kalmarunie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmarunie">Kalmarunie</a> met Noorwegen en <a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a> van <a href="/wiki/1389" title="1389">1389</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>.</li> <li>De koningen van Denemarken waren van <a href="/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a> ook hertog van <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Sleeswijk" title="Hertogdom Sleeswijk">Sleeswijk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Holstein" title="Hertogdom Holstein">Holstein</a> (Holstein viel onder het <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a>).</li> <li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_IJsland" title="Koninkrijk IJsland">IJsland</a> van <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engeland"><a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Engeland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Engeland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Frankrijk tijdens de regering van <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_V_van_Engeland" title="Hendrik V van Engeland">Hendrik V</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(land)" title="Ierland (land)">Ierland</a> van <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland">Schotland</a> van <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a> tot 1707 (daarna samengevoegd tot het <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB" title="Koninkrijk Groot-Brittannië">koninkrijk Groot-Brittannië</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankrijk"><a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Frankrijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Frankrijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Deels personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> sinds <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a> (de Franse president is een van de staatshoofden van Andorra).</li> <li>Onder keizer Napoleon I bestond er een personele unie met Polen en Italië. Napoleon was Koning van Italië en Groothertog van Warschau.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Groot-Brittannië"><span id="Groot-Brittanni.C3.AB"></span><a href="/wiki/Groot-Brittanni%C3%AB_(eiland)" title="Groot-Brittannië (eiland)">Groot-Brittannië</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Groot-Brittannië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Groot-Brittannië"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Ierland van <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> (daarna samengevoegd tot het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Ierland).</li> <li>Personele unie met het <a href="/wiki/Keurvorstendom_Hannover" class="mw-redirect" title="Keurvorstendom Hannover">Keurvorstendom</a> en <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Hannover" title="Koninkrijk Hannover">Koninkrijk Hannover</a> van <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1803" title="1803">1803</a> en van <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>.</li></ul> <p>De koning van het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland is ook het staatshoofd van Australië, Canada, Nieuw-Zeeland en diverse andere onafhankelijke staten die ooit Britse koloniën waren. De Britse koning is ook hoofd van het Gemenebest, een statenbond die een groot aantal landen, op drie na alle voormalige koloniën van Groot-Brittannië, verenigt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hannover"><a href="/wiki/Keurvorstendom_Hannover" class="mw-redirect" title="Keurvorstendom Hannover">Hannover</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hannover" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hannover"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Groot-Brittannië en Ierland van <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met het <a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a> van <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heilige_Roomse_Rijk"><a href="/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Heilige Roomse Rijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Heilige Roomse Rijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a> van <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1556" title="1556">1556</a>.</li></ul> <p>De keizer van het Heilige Roomse Rijk der Duitse Natie was steeds een gekozen vorst die ook andere, geërfde, gebieden bestuurde. De keizers waren dus ook, afhankelijk van de keizerkeuze, keurvorsten in Duitsland of hertogen van Beieren, koningen van Bohemen en Hongarije of koningen van Spanje en Napels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hongarije"><a href="/wiki/Hongarije" title="Hongarije">Hongarije</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hongarije" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hongarije"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a> van <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> (de <a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk-Hongarije" title="Oostenrijk-Hongarije">Oostenrijks-Hongaarse Dubbelmonarchie</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IJsland"><a href="/wiki/IJsland" title="IJsland">IJsland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: IJsland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: IJsland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Denemarken van <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1944" title="1944">1944</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ierland"><a href="/wiki/Ierland_(eiland)" title="Ierland (eiland)">Ierland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ierland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ierland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> van <a href="/wiki/1541" title="1541">1541</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland">Schotland</a> van <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Groot-Brittannië van <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> (daarna samengevoegd tot het Verenigd Koninkrijk).</li> <li>Personele unie met Hannover van <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met het Verenigd Koninkrijk van <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kongo-Vrijstaat"><a href="/wiki/Kongo-Vrijstaat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongo-Vrijstaat">Kongo-Vrijstaat</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kongo-Vrijstaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kongo-Vrijstaat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met België van 1885 tot 1908 onder Leopold II (daarna als Belgisch Kongo tot 1960 ingelijfd bij België).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Litouwen"><a href="/wiki/Litouwen" title="Litouwen">Litouwen</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Litouwen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Litouwen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a> van <a href="/wiki/1386" title="1386">1386</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> (daarna samengevoegd tot het <a href="/wiki/Pools-Litouwse_Gemenebest" title="Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest">Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxemburg"><a href="/wiki/Luxemburg_(land)" title="Luxemburg (land)">Luxemburg</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Luxemburg" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Luxemburg"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Nederland van <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nadjd_en_Hidjaz"><a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Nadjd_en_Hidjaz" title="Koninkrijk Nadjd en Hidjaz">Nadjd en Hidjaz</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nadjd en Hidjaz" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nadjd en Hidjaz"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bestond van <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> na verovering van laatstgenoemde door sultanaat Nadid.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nederland"><a href="/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland">Nederland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nederland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nederland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willem_III_van_Oranje" title="Willem III van Oranje">Willem III van Oranje</a> was koning van Engeland en Schotland. Hij oefende als stadhouder veel gezag uit in de Nederlanden waar de soevereiniteit lag bij de <a href="/wiki/Staten-Generaal_van_de_Nederlanden" title="Staten-Generaal van de Nederlanden">Staten-Generaal</a>. Daarnaast was hij een vorst in het Heilige Roomse Rijk.</li> <li>Personele unie met Luxemburg van <a href="/wiki/1815" title="1815">1815</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Limburg_(1839-1866)" title="Hertogdom Limburg (1839-1866)">Limburg</a> van <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1866" title="1866">1866</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noorwegen"><a href="/wiki/Noorwegen" title="Noorwegen">Noorwegen</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noorwegen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noorwegen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Zweden van <a href="/wiki/1319" title="1319">1319</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1343" title="1343">1343</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Denemarken van <a href="/wiki/1380" title="1380">1380</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1536" title="1536">1536</a> (daarna ingelijfd bij Denemarken).</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Kalmarunie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmarunie">Kalmarunie</a> met Denemarken en Zweden van <a href="/wiki/1389" title="1389">1389</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Zweden van <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oostenrijk"><a href="/wiki/Oostenrijk" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oostenrijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oostenrijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Hongarije van <a href="/wiki/1867" title="1867">1867</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> (de Oostenrijks-Hongaarse Dubbelmonarchie).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polen"><a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Polen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Polen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Litouwen van <a href="/wiki/1386" title="1386">1386</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a> (daarna samengevoegd tot het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest).</li> <li>Personele unie met het <a href="/wiki/Keurvorstendom_Saksen_(1547-1806)" title="Keurvorstendom Saksen (1547-1806)">keurvorstendom Saksen</a>.</li> <li>Onder keizer Napoleon I bestond er een personele unie met Frankrijk en Italië.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Portugal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Portugal"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Spanje van <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rusland"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Rusland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Rusland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> van <a href="/wiki/1809" title="1809">1809</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schotland"><a href="/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland">Schotland</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Schotland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Schotland"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Engeland en Ierland van <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a> (daarna samengevoegd tot Groot-Brittannië).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanje"><a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spanje</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Spanje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Spanje"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie binnen Iberisch Schiereiland tussen Aragon en Castilië (1469-1659)</li> <li>Personele unie met het Heilige Roomse Rijk van <a href="/wiki/1519" title="1519">1519</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1556" title="1556">1556</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Portugal van <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1640" title="1640">1640</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Napels in de 17e en 18e eeuw.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sleeswijk_en_Holstein"><a href="/wiki/Hertogdom_Sleeswijk" title="Hertogdom Sleeswijk">Sleeswijk</a> en <a href="/wiki/Holstein_(streek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holstein (streek)">Holstein</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Sleeswijk en Holstein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Sleeswijk en Holstein"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Denemarken van <a href="/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1864" title="1864">1864</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verenigd_Koninkrijk"><a href="/wiki/Verenigd_Koninkrijk" title="Verenigd Koninkrijk">Verenigd Koninkrijk</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verenigd Koninkrijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verenigd Koninkrijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Hannover van <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1837" title="1837">1837</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Ierland van <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a>.</li> <li>Deel van het Gemenebest sinds <a href="/wiki/1927" title="1927">1927</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zweden"><a href="/wiki/Zweden" title="Zweden">Zweden</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zweden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personele_unie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zweden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Personele unie met Noorwegen van <a href="/wiki/1319" title="1319">1319</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1343" title="1343">1343</a>.</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Kalmarunie" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalmarunie">Kalmarunie</a> met Denemarken en Noorwegen van <a href="/wiki/1389" title="1389">1389</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1521" title="1521">1521</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met het Pools-Litouwse Gemenebest van <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>.</li> <li>Personele unie met Noorwegen van <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Staats-_en_regeringsvormen"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_staatsvormen" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_staatsvormen&amp;action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Staats-_en_regeringsvormen" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Staatsvorm" title="Staatsvorm">Staats-</a> en <a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">regeringsvormen</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b><a href="/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd">Staatshoofd</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Aristocratie" title="Aristocratie">aristocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Autocratie" title="Autocratie">autocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cesaropapie" title="Cesaropapie">cesaropapie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dictatuur" title="Dictatuur">dictatuur</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gerontocratie" title="Gerontocratie">gerontocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kakistocratie" title="Kakistocratie">kakistocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie">monarchie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchie" title="Absolute monarchie">absolute monarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Constitutionele_monarchie" title="Constitutionele monarchie">constitutionele monarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_monarchie" title="Islamitische monarchie">islamitische monarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kiesmonarchie" title="Kiesmonarchie">kiesmonarchie</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Oligarchie" title="Oligarchie">oligarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plutocratie" title="Plutocratie">plutocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Republiek_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republiek (hoofdbetekenis)">republiek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Directoriaal_systeem" title="Directoriaal systeem">directoriale republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parlementaire_republiek" title="Parlementaire republiek">parlementaire republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Presidentieel_systeem" title="Presidentieel systeem">presidentiële republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Semipresidentieel_systeem" title="Semipresidentieel systeem">semipresidentiële republiek</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Theocratie" title="Theocratie">theocratie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalifaat" title="Kalifaat">kalifaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pontificaat" title="Pontificaat">pontificaat</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie">Ideologie</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Bi-nationale_staat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bi-nationale staat">bi-nationale staat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Democratie" title="Democratie">democratie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Directe_democratie" title="Directe democratie">directe democratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ochlocratie" title="Ochlocratie">ochlocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Parlementaire_democratie" title="Parlementaire democratie">parlementaire democratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meerpartijenstelsel" title="Meerpartijenstelsel">meerpartijenstelsel</a>) · <a href="/wiki/Islamitische_republiek" title="Islamitische republiek">islamitische republiek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meritocratie" title="Meritocratie">meritocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eenpartijstelsel" title="Eenpartijstelsel">eenpartijstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Plutocratie" title="Plutocratie">plutocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Technocratie" title="Technocratie">technocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek" title="Volksrepubliek">volksrepubliek</a> (<a href="/wiki/Radenrepubliek" title="Radenrepubliek">radenrepubliek</a> · <a href="/wiki/Socialistische_sovjetrepubliek" title="Socialistische sovjetrepubliek">socialistische sovjetrepubliek</a>)</td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/Regeringsvorm" title="Regeringsvorm">Regeringsvorm</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Centralisme" title="Centralisme">centralisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eenheidsstaat" title="Eenheidsstaat">eenheidsstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Federalisme" title="Federalisme">federalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(staatsvorm)" title="Condominium (staatsvorm)">condominium</a> · <a href="/wiki/Confederatie" title="Confederatie">confederatie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vazalstaat" title="Vazalstaat">vazalstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Natiestaat" title="Natiestaat">natiestaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Beschavingsstaat" title="Beschavingsstaat">beschavingsstaat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Supranationalisme" title="Supranationalisme">supranationalisme</a> · <a href="/wiki/Superstaat" title="Superstaat">superstaat</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Zie ook:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Diarchie" title="Diarchie">diarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Driemanschap" title="Driemanschap">driemanschap</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchie" title="Tetrarchie">tetrarchie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pseudocratie" title="Pseudocratie">pseudocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gerontocratie" title="Gerontocratie">gerontocratie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kleptocratie" title="Kleptocratie">kleptocratie</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">personele unie</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐745f94f9f8‐vh9mg Cached time: 20241120002156 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.070 seconds Real time usage: 0.322 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 533/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 9843/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4195/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2004/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities 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