CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Hejaz vilayet - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"dc4601b1-705b-4107-9da3-a9812f28e113","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Hejaz_vilayet","wgTitle":"Hejaz vilayet","wgCurRevisionId":1255909104,"wgRevisionId":1255909104,"wgArticleId":31795813,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from July 2020","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Saudi Arabia articles missing geocoordinate data", "All articles needing coordinates","Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata","States and territories established in 1872","States and territories disestablished in 1916","Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Asia","Ottoman Arabia","Modern history of Jordan","1872 establishments in the Ottoman Empire","1916 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire","History of Hejaz"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Hejaz_vilayet","wgRelevantArticleId":31795813,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Hejaz_Vilayet","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Hejaz_vilayet","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3558385","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/1200px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/640px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Hejaz vilayet - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz_vilayet"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz_vilayet"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Hejaz_vilayet rootpage-Hejaz_vilayet skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hejaz+vilayet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hejaz+vilayet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hejaz+vilayet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hejaz+vilayet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_conquest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_conquest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Saudi conquest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_conquest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vilayet_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vilayet_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Vilayet period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vilayet_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hejaz vilayet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ولاية الحجاز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية الحجاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicaz_vilay%C9%99ti" title="Hicaz vilayəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hicaz vilayəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hid%C5%BE%C3%A1zsk%C3%BD_vil%C3%A1jet" title="Hidžázský vilájet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hidžázský vilájet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A2yet_Hedschas" title="Vilâyet Hedschas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vilâyet Hedschas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiato_de_Hiyaz" title="Valiato de Hiyaz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Valiato de Hiyaz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ولایت حجاز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولایت حجاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayet_du_Hedjaz" title="Vilayet du Hedjaz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vilayet du Hedjaz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilayet_dell%27Hegiaz" title="Vilayet dell'Hegiaz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vilayet dell'Hegiaz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%97%D7%92%27%D7%90%D7%96" title="וילאייט חג'אז – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וילאייט חג'אז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hid%C5%BE%C4%81za_vil%C4%81jets" title="Hidžāza vilājets – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hidžāza vilājets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ولاية الحجاز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ولاية الحجاز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ولایت حجاز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولایت حجاز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilaiete_do_Hejaz" title="Vilaiete do Hejaz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vilaiete do Hejaz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Хиджаз (вилайет) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиджаз (вилайет)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicaz_Vilayeti" title="Hicaz Vilayeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hicaz Vilayeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%94%D1%82)" title="Хиджаз (вілаєт) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хиджаз (вілаєт)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ولایت حجاز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولایت حجاز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3558385#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_vilayet" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Hejaz_vilayet" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_vilayet"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_vilayet"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Hejaz_vilayet" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Hejaz_vilayet" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&oldid=1255909104" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Hejaz_vilayet&id=1255909104&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHejaz_vilayet"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHejaz_vilayet"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Hejaz_vilayet&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vilayet_of_Hejaz" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3558385" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_Vilayet&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Vilayet">Hejaz Vilayet</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Province of the Ottoman Empire from 1872 to 1916</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Vilayet of the Hejaz<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولاية الحجاز</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span><br /><span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><span lang="ota" dir="rtl">ولايت حجاز</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">Vilayet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1872–1916</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1844%E2%80%931922).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Hejaz"><img alt="Flag of Hejaz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hejaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Hejaz">Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hejaz_Vilayet,_Ottoman_Empire_(1900)_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hejaz_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29_v2.png/220px-Hejaz_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29_v2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hejaz_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29_v2.png/330px-Hejaz_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Hejaz_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29_v2.png/440px-Hejaz_Vilayet%2C_Ottoman_Empire_%281900%29_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="2971" /></a></span><br />The Hejaz Vilayet in 1900</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Hejaz_Vilayet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hejaz_Vilayet.png/220px-Hejaz_Vilayet.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Hejaz_Vilayet.png/330px-Hejaz_Vilayet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Hejaz_Vilayet.png 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="357" /></a></span><br />the Vilayet's subdivisions in 1910</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a><sup id="cite_ref-coins_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coins-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Taif" title="Taif">Taif</a> <small>(summer residence)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hejazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejazi">Hejazi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-former-subdiv-fake-li">• 1914<sup id="cite_ref-asia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">250,000 km<sup>2</sup> (97,000 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1914<sup id="cite_ref-coins_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coins-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">300,000</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vilayet_Law" title="Vilayet Law">Vilayet Law</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1872</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_railway" title="Hejaz railway">Hejaz railway</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1908</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1916</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Habesh_Eyalet" title="Habesh Eyalet">Habesh Eyalet</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Kingdom of Hejaz</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/20px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/30px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hejaz_1917.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Vilayet of the Hejaz</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ولاية الحجاز</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">Wilayat al-Ḥijāz</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a>: <span lang="ota" dir="rtl">ولايت حجاز</span> <span title="Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text"><i lang="ota-Latn">Vilâyet-i Hicaz</i></span>) refers to the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Hejaz</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabia</a> when it was administered as a first-level province (<a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayet</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 96,500 square miles (250,000 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-asia_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hejaz included all land from the southern border of the <a href="/wiki/Syria_vilayet" title="Syria vilayet">Vilayet of Syria</a>, south of the city of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an" title="Ma'an">Ma‛an</a>, to the northern border of the <a href="/wiki/Yemen_vilayet" title="Yemen vilayet">Vilayet of Yemen</a>, north of the city of <a href="/wiki/Al_Lith" title="Al Lith">Al Lith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its lack of natural resources, the region had great political importance as the cradle of Islam and was a source of legitimacy for the Ottomans' rule.<sup id="cite_ref-otm-enc_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otm-enc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsidies provided by the state and <a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">zakat</a> were the main source of income for the population of the two holy cities, but trade generated by the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a> was also an important source of revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-otm-enc_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otm-enc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottoman regular force in Hejaz was constituted as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C4%B1rka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fırka (page does not exist)">fırka</a> (division), attached to the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Army_(Ottoman_Empire)" title="Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)">Seventh Army</a> in Yemen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200568_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200568-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of cities and towns, Ottoman authority was weak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200522_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200522-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> had permanent garrisons.<sup id="cite_ref-otm-enc_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otm-enc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mecca_prayer,_1889.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-220px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif/lossless-page1-440px-Mecca_prayer%2C_1889.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="1508" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, 1889</figcaption></figure> <p>Sultan <a href="/wiki/Selim_I" title="Selim I">Selim I</a> defeated the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk Sultanate</a> in 1517 and took over Egypt. The Hejaz was at the time, a Mamluk <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> and had relied on Egypt for grain imports, it was also under threat from an aggressive Portuguese navy in the Red Sea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200533_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200533-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the emir of Mecca at the time, Berekat ibn Muhammed Haseni, sent his 12-year-old son, Muhammad (future "Ebu-Numey"), to Egypt and pledged their allegiance to the Ottoman Sultan, along with the key to Mecca. The Sultan allowed the emir of Mecca to remain in power in exchange for loyalty to the Sultan. To strengthen the Sultan's legitimacy in Hejaz and in the Muslim world, the Sultan adopted the title <a href="/wiki/Custodian_of_the_Two_Holy_Mosques" title="Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques">Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200533_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200533-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, the Ottomans administered the Hejaz under the <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Egypt">Eyalet of Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200535_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200535-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharif of Mecca</a> represented imperial authority in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-stateless_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stateless-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Administration later fell to the Governors of <a href="/wiki/Jeddah_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeddah Eyalet">Jeddah</a>, and the Eyalet of Jeddah was later transformed into the Hejaz Vilayet, with a governor in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_conquest">Saudi conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Saudi conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since the 1750s, <a href="/wiki/Wahabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Wahabi">Wahabi</a> Muslims, a puritanical sect from the <a href="/wiki/Najd" title="Najd">Najd</a> region backed by the influential <a href="/wiki/Al_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Saud">Al Saud</a> family, began to pose a threat to the stability of the Hejaz. In 1801, while the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Porte</a>'s attention was diverted to the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="French invasion of Egypt">French invasion of Egypt</a>, the Wahhabis overpowered local Hejazi defences and captured the holy cities. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200537_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200537-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerif_Pasha" title="Şerif Pasha">Şerif Pasha</a>, the governor of Jeddah, temporarily wrestled Mecca back from the Wahhabis but was finally defeated in 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200538_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200538-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wahhabis imposed their strict religious doctrines in the holy cities; the mentioning of the Sultan was forbidden during Friday sermons, officials from the four <a href="/wiki/Madhabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhabs">madhabs</a> (schools of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic jurisprudence">Islamic jurisprudence</a>) were dismissed and replaced with Wahabbis. In early 1807, the leader of the Wahhabi army <a href="/wiki/Saud_bin_Abdul-Aziz_bin_Muhammad_bin_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud">Ibn Saud</a> ordered the expulsion of all pilgrims and troops loyal to the Emir of Mecca, looting of the city later followed. It was alleged that Ibn Saud banned pilgrim caravans that were accompanied with trumpets and drums, which were contrary to Wahhabi doctrines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200538_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200538-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottoman government found itself unable to confront the Wahhabis, and gave the task of defeating them to the powerful <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt</a> in 1809–1810.<sup id="cite_ref-muddle_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muddle-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200539_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200539-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muhammad Ali Pasha dispatched an army commanded by his son <a href="/wiki/Tusun_Pasha" title="Tusun Pasha">Tusun Pasha</a> in 1811, and successfully retook Medina and Mecca in 1812 and 1813 respectively. Tusun Pasha died of disease during the campaign and was replaced by his younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha</a>, who continued the campaign into the Najd, with <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Saudi_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman–Saudi War">the war</a> ending only in September 1818, with the defeat and dissolution of what was known as the <a href="/wiki/First_Saudi_State" class="mw-redirect" title="First Saudi State">First Saudi State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200539_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200539-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1818 to 1845, the region would be administered by <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Eyalet">Egypt</a>, until Muhammad Ali was forced to restore Hejaz to the Sultan as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turko-Egyptian_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Turko-Egyptian War">Second Turko-Egyptian War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-muddle_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muddle-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osman Pasha was then appointed to the Governorship of the Hejaz. The borders of the province were redefined better, and the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Mecca">Emirate of Mecca</a> was restored.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200542_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200542-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vilayet_period">Vilayet period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vilayet period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabia_1914.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arabia_1914.png/220px-Arabia_1914.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arabia_1914.png/330px-Arabia_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arabia_1914.png/440px-Arabia_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="976" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>The Arabian peninsula in 1914</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 1860s, a commission was sent to the Hejaz to reorganize the province, and the following decades saw the introduction of administrative reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200571-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hejaz was reorganized as a <a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayet</a> in 1872 according to the Vilayet Law of 1864.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200571-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The province was divided into <a href="/wiki/Sanjaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjaks">sanjaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaza" title="Kaza">kazas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nahiyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiyes">nahiyes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200571-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mecca became the center of the vilayet, with Medina and Jeddah as sanjaks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200571-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The administrative structure of the Hejaz was reformed, but some changes enacted in the rest of the Empire were not implemented here.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200543_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200543-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Othman_Pascha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Othman_Pascha.png/140px-Othman_Pascha.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Othman_Pascha.png/210px-Othman_Pascha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Othman_Pascha.png/280px-Othman_Pascha.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="659" /></a><figcaption>Osman Pasha, Governor of Hejaz from 1882 to 1886</figcaption></figure> <p>The towns of Mecca and Medina were exempted from paying taxes and in fact, were given subsidies, called <i>surre</i>, from the Ottoman treasury that was to be distributed to the poor in Mecca and Medina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hejaz region first received <a href="/wiki/Subvention" class="mw-redirect" title="Subvention">subvention</a> in the reign of the Abbasid caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqtadir" title="Al-Muqtadir">Al-Muqtadir</a> in the tenth century, afterwards it became customary for other caliphs and sultans to send these subsidies. However, aside from residents of Mecca and Medina, the inhabitants of other towns and villages did not benefit as much.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200518_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200518-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsidies were also paid to notable nomadic shaikhs, who had the potential to disrupt the passage of pilgrims in the region. The entire province was also exempted from military service; attempts to overturn this exemption were blocked by the <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharif of Mecca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottomans maintained a garrison force of 7,000 soldiers under the command of officers, in addition to the Sharif's own personal guard of 500.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proper garrisons were stationed at the towns of Mecca and Medina whereas pocket garrisons were kept in Jeddah, <a href="/wiki/Yanbu" title="Yanbu">Yanbu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a>- all of which were alongside the strategic <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a>. Besides these settlements, roads and other infrastructure were not under Ottoman control - the roads to Yanbu from Medina required strong escorts and the Mecca-Medina railway route was regularly closed by tribesmen who demanded payment for passage - <a href="/wiki/Highway_robbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Highway robbery">highway robbery</a> and murder were common on these roads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ottomans completed the <a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Railway">Hejaz Railway</a>, linking Damascus to Medina, in 1908, but the railway was severely damaged during World War I and later abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1916, as a result of the <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharif_Hussein_ibn_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharif Hussein ibn Ali">Sharif Hussein ibn Ali</a> declared himself <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">King of the Hejaz</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact population of the Hejaz is impossible to determine, particularly because of the mobility of Bedouins and pilgrims, and also because of the inability of Ottoman authorities to conduct a census in Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-oghsenwalp26_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oghsenwalp26-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population for the vilayet is given by the 1885 Ottoman census as 3,500,000.<sup id="cite_ref-asia_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/William_L._Ochsenwald" title="William L. Ochsenwald">William L. Ochsenwald</a>, the actual population of the Hejaz including the <a href="/wiki/Asir" title="Asir">Asir</a> at the end of the 19th century ranged from 400,000 to 800,000.<sup id="cite_ref-oghsenwalp33_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oghsenwalp33-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the population was not settled, and included nomads and <a href="/wiki/Semi-nomadic" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-nomadic">semi-nomads</a> making a livelihood from stock-breeding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200520_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200520-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bedouin_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedouin tribe">Bedouin tribes</a> dominated the region, and Ottoman control over them was mostly indirect, appointing governors to <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a> but allowing local rule elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-otm-enc_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-otm-enc-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:368px;max-width:368px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims,_Mecca_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims%2C_Mecca_1910.jpg/180px-Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims%2C_Mecca_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims%2C_Mecca_1910.jpg/270px-Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims%2C_Mecca_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims%2C_Mecca_1910.jpg/360px-Camels_and_tents_of_pilgrims%2C_Mecca_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="961" data-file-height="618" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca,_1910.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca%2C_1910.tif/lossless-page1-180px-Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca%2C_1910.tif.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca%2C_1910.tif/lossless-page1-270px-Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca%2C_1910.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca%2C_1910.tif/lossless-page1-360px-Camel_Caravan_to_Mecca%2C_1910.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="5416" data-file-height="3656" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Pilgrims often traveled in caravans, where a large number of Hejazis worked in, as seen here in 1910. The economy of Hejaz relied heavily on the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The economy of the vilayet relied heavily on the annual <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a> and pilgrimage, where Muslims from all over the world travel to the cities of Mecca and Medina. The importance of the pilgrimage was such that a majority of townspeople, especially residents of Mecca and Medina, relied on windfall from the pilgrimages for daily sustenance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200516_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200516-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many residents worked as guides for pilgrims, camel-brokers, built and provided pilgrim accommodations, sold or distributed <a href="/wiki/Zamzam_Well" title="Zamzam Well">Zamzam</a> water. Others worked in the maintenance of the <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Haram" title="Masjid al-Haram">Masjid al-Haram</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Masjid_al-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Masjid al-Nabawi">Masjid al-Nabawi</a> as sweepers, doorkeepers, servants, prayer leaders, preachers or candle-cleaners.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200516_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200516-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of these occupations, the most numerous were the pilgrimage guides. These guides had the task of organising the pilgrim's accommodation, transportation, acting as a translator and generally guiding the pilgrim through the rituals and prayers required. Aside from payment from a pilgrim, the guide would also be able to make any transactions in the name of the pilgrim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200517_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200517-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hejaz's primary exports were <a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">dates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henna" title="Henna">henna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">hides</a>, Meccan <a href="/wiki/Balsam_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Balsam of Mecca">balsam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">nacre</a> and Zamzam water. As there are few natural resources in the region, the vast majority of products had to be imported, a practice that continued until the early twentieth century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200519_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200519-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mercantile centre of the region was the port city of <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, which was the principal port of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>. As the port lay on the coffee trade route from <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a> and the trade route from India, ships from Arabia, India, Africa and southern Europe regularly passed through the port, with a majority of European merchants setting up offices in the port.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200519_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200519-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200520_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200520-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Customs_duties" class="mw-redirect" title="Customs duties">Customs duties</a> collected at the port were another source of income for both the vilayet and the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Mecca">Emirate of Mecca</a>. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a> in 1869 had a negative impact on trading in Jeddah because <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamships</a> could dock at smaller ports such as <a href="/wiki/Yenbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yenbo">Yenbo</a> on the Red Sea coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200520_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200520-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the region's intense heat and scarcity of rainfall, the Hejaz could not support an agriculture-based economy. Agriculture was only possible in oases and on the irrigated outskirts of major towns, with dates being the primary crop grown. Semi-nomadic tribes would also engage in agriculture or would herd sheep and camels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200516_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200516-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png/220px-Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png/330px-Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png/440px-Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png 2x" data-file-width="4455" data-file-height="4840" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire in 1317 Hijri, 1899 Gregorian, Including the Vilayet of Hijaz and it's Sanjaks</figcaption></figure> <p>Sanjaks of the Vilayet:<sup id="cite_ref-a-ids_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-ids-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Mekke-i-M%C3%BCkerreme" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekke-i-Mükerreme">Mekke-i-Mükerreme</a> (Mecca)</li> <li>Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Medine-i-M%C3%BCnevvere" class="mw-redirect" title="Medine-i-Münevvere">Medine-i-Münevvere</a> (Medina); became an independent sanjak in the summer of 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris2003_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris2003-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sanjak of <a href="/wiki/Cidde" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidde">Cidde</a> (Jeddah)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifate of Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Ottoman_Convention_of_1913" title="Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913">Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-coins-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coins_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coins_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRoger_Dewardt_Lane2010" class="citation book cs1">Roger Dewardt Lane (November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IvqVxwpDK2UC&pg=PA268"><i>Encyclopedia Small Silver Coins</i></a>. Roger deWardt Lane. p. 268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-615-24479-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-615-24479-2"><bdi>978-0-615-24479-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Small+Silver+Coins&rft.pages=268&rft.pub=Roger+deWardt+Lane&rft.date=2010-11&rft.isbn=978-0-615-24479-2&rft.au=Roger+Dewardt+Lane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIvqVxwpDK2UC%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200561-62_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 61-62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asia-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asia_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asia_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asia_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/asiakeane00kean#page/459/mode/1up">Asia</a> by <a href="/wiki/A._H._Keane" class="mw-redirect" title="A. H. Keane">A. H. Keane</a>, page 459</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-otm-enc-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-otm-enc_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-otm-enc_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-otm-enc_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-otm-enc_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGábor_ÁgostonBruce_Alan_Masters2009" class="citation book cs1">Gábor Ágoston; Bruce Alan Masters (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA253"><i>Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire</i></a>. Infobase Publishing. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1025-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1025-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1025-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1025-7&rft.au=G%C3%A1bor+%C3%81goston&rft.au=Bruce+Alan+Masters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQjzYdCxumFcC%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200568-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200568_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200522-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200522_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200533-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200533_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200533_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200535-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200535_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stateless-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stateless_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Minahan2002" class="citation book cs1">James Minahan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d2WcCIm6WaQC&pg=PA734"><i>Encyclopedia of the stateless nations. 2. D - K</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 734. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32110-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32110-8"><bdi>978-0-313-32110-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+stateless+nations.+2.+D+-+K&rft.pages=734&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32110-8&rft.au=James+Minahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd2WcCIm6WaQC%26pg%3DPA734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200537-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200537_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200538-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200538_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200538_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muddle-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-muddle_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muddle_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNikshoy_C._Chatterji1973" class="citation book cs1">Nikshoy C. Chatterji (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41aVY2K95yEC&pg=PA189"><i>Muddle of the Middle East</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-391-00304-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-391-00304-0"><bdi>978-0-391-00304-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muddle+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-391-00304-0&rft.au=Nikshoy+C.+Chatterji&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41aVY2K95yEC%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200539-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200539_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200539_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200542-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200542_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200571-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200571_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200543-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200543_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHogarth197847_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHogarth1978">Hogarth 1978</a>, pp. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200518-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200518_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nabataea.net/hejazhistory.html">Nabataea: Hijaz Railway: History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oghsenwalp26-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oghsenwalp26_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchsenwald1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Ochsenwald" title="William L. Ochsenwald">Ochsenwald, William</a> (1984). <i>Religion, Society And The State In Arabia: The Hijaz Under Ottoman Control, 1840-1908</i>. Ohio State University Press. p. 10 [26]. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1811%2F24661">1811/24661</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814203668" title="Special:BookSources/9780814203668"><bdi>9780814203668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Society+And+The+State+In+Arabia%3A+The+Hijaz+Under+Ottoman+Control%2C+1840-1908&rft.pages=10+26&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1811%2F24661&rft.isbn=9780814203668&rft.aulast=Ochsenwald&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oghsenwalp33-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oghsenwalp33_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchsenwald1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Ochsenwald" title="William L. Ochsenwald">Ochsenwald, William</a> (1984). <i>Religion, Society And The State In Arabia: The Hijaz Under Ottoman Control, 1840-1908</i>. Ohio State University Press. p. 17 [33]. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1811%2F24661">1811/24661</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814203668" title="Special:BookSources/9780814203668"><bdi>9780814203668</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Society+And+The+State+In+Arabia%3A+The+Hijaz+Under+Ottoman+Control%2C+1840-1908&rft.pages=17+33&rft.pub=Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1811%2F24661&rft.isbn=9780814203668&rft.aulast=Ochsenwald&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200520-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200520_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200520_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200520_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200516-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200516_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200516_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200516_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200517-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200517_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENuman200519-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200519_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENuman200519_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNuman2005">Numan 2005</a>, p. 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-ids-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a-ids_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tarihvemedeniyet.org/2009/10/ceziretul-arab-hicaz-ve-yemen-vilayetleri/">Ceziretül Arab – Hicaz ve Yemen Vilayetleri | Tarih ve Medeniyet</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris2003-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paris2003_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimothy_J._Paris2003" class="citation book cs1">Timothy J. Paris (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zsXaC_HuTmoC&pg=PA11"><i>Britain, the Hashemites and Arab Rule: The Sherifian Solution</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-00909-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-00909-3"><bdi>978-0-203-00909-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Britain%2C+the+Hashemites+and+Arab+Rule%3A+The+Sherifian+Solution&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-203-00909-3&rft.au=Timothy+J.+Paris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzsXaC_HuTmoC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuman2005" class="citation cs2">Numan, Nurtaç (November 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slashdocs.com/minmyw/the-emirs-of-mecca-and-the-ottoman-government-of-hijaz-1840-1908-mekke-emirleri-ve-hicazda-osmanli-idaresi-1840-1908.html"><i>The Emirs of Mecca and the Ottoman Government of Hijaz, 1840-1908</i></a>, The Institute for Graduate Studies in Social Sciences</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emirs+of+Mecca+and+the+Ottoman+Government+of+Hijaz%2C+1840-1908&rft.pub=The+Institute+for+Graduate+Studies+in+Social+Sciences&rft.date=2005-11&rft.aulast=Numan&rft.aufirst=Nurta%C3%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashdocs.com%2Fminmyw%2Fthe-emirs-of-mecca-and-the-ottoman-government-of-hijaz-1840-1908-mekke-emirleri-ve-hicazda-osmanli-idaresi-1840-1908.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogarth1978" class="citation book cs1">Hogarth, David George (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qx_8DAy9VMYC"><i>Hejaz before World War I : a handbook</i></a> (2nd ed. [reprinted] ed.). Cambridge: Oleander Press [etc.] <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780902675742" title="Special:BookSources/9780902675742"><bdi>9780902675742</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hejaz+before+World+War+I+%3A+a+handbook&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd+ed.+%5Breprinted%5D&rft.pub=Oleander+Press+%5Betc.%5D&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780902675742&rft.aulast=Hogarth&rft.aufirst=David+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQx_8DAy9VMYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahab1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Wahab, Robert Alexander (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Hejaz"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Hejaz">"Hejaz" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 217.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hejaz&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=217&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Wahab&rft.aufirst=Robert+Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHejaz+vilayet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Ochsenwald" title="William L. Ochsenwald">William L. Ochsenwald</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/1811/24661">Religion, society, and the state in Arabia: the Hijaz under Ottoman control, 1840-1908</a>", The Ohio State University Press 1984</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vilayet_of_Hejaz" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vilayet of Hejaz">Vilayet of Hejaz</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Template talk:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire">Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="c._1365_–_1867_(eyalets)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1365</span> – 1867 (<a href="/wiki/Eyalet" title="Eyalet">eyalets</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Algeria">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Egypt" title="Ottoman Egypt">Egypt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt_under_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty" title="History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty">Muhammad Ali dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habesh_Eyalet" title="Habesh Eyalet">Habesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tunisia" title="Ottoman Tunisia">Tunis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anatolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_Eyalet" title="Adana Eyalet">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidin_Eyalet" title="Aidin Eyalet">Aidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolia_Eyalet" title="Anatolia Eyalet">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Eyalet" title="Ankara Eyalet">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Childir_Eyalet" title="Childir Eyalet">Childir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbekir_Eyalet" title="Diyarbekir Eyalet">Diyarbekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulkadir_Eyalet" title="Dulkadir Eyalet">Dulkadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Eyalet" title="Erzurum Eyalet">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdavendig%C3%A2r_Eyalet" title="Hüdavendigâr Eyalet">Hüdavendigâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaman_Eyalet" title="Karaman Eyalet">Karaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kars_Eyalet" title="Kars Eyalet">Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Eyalet" title="Kastamonu Eyalet">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Eyalet" title="Kurdistan Eyalet">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BBm_Eyalet" title="Rûm Eyalet">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Eyalet" title="Trebizond Eyalet">Trebizond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Van" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Van">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Adrianople" title="Eyalet of Adrianople">Adrianople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_the_Archipelago" title="Eyalet of the Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Eyalet" title="Bosnia Eyalet">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budin_Eyalet" title="Budin Eyalet">Budin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Fri_Eyalet" title="Eğri Eyalet">Egir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzegovina_Eyalet" title="Herzegovina Eyalet">Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanije_Eyalet" title="Kanije Eyalet">Kanije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefe_Eyalet" title="Kefe Eyalet">Kefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morea_Eyalet" title="Morea Eyalet">Morea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1_Eyalet" title="Niš Eyalet">Niš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolia_Eyalet" title="Podolia Eyalet">Podolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonica_Eyalet" title="Salonica Eyalet">Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra_Eyalet" title="Silistra Eyalet">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teme%C5%9Fvar_Eyalet" title="Temeşvar Eyalet">Temeşvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyvar_Eyalet" title="Uyvar Eyalet">Uyvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varat_Eyalet" title="Varat Eyalet">Varat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widdin_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Widdin Eyalet">Widdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioannina_Eyalet" title="Ioannina Eyalet">Yanina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Eyalet" title="Aleppo Eyalet">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Cyprus" title="Ottoman Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Eyalet" title="Damascus Eyalet">Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sanjak" title="Jerusalem Sanjak">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon_Eyalet" title="Sidon Eyalet">Sidon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Emirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lebanon Emirate">Mount Lebanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli_Eyalet" title="Tripoli Eyalet">Tripoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet" title="Yemen Eyalet">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahsa_Eyalet" title="Lahsa Eyalet">Lahsa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesopotamia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Eyalet" title="Baghdad Eyalet">Baghdad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)">Mamluk of Iraq</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Eyalet" title="Mosul Eyalet">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_Eyalet" title="Basra Eyalet">Basra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakka_Eyalet" title="Rakka Eyalet">Rakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrizor_Eyalet" title="Shahrizor Eyalet">Shahrizor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1867–1922_(vilayets_and_mutasarrıfates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1867–1922 (<a href="/wiki/Vilayet" title="Vilayet">vilayets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mutasarr%C4%B1f" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutasarrıf">mutasarrıfates</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Tripolitania" title="Ottoman Tripolitania">Tripolitania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anatolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Adana Vilayet">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidin_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aidin Vilayet">Aidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Angora Vilayet">Angora</a> (Ankara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilayet_of_the_Archipelago" title="Vilayet of the Archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitlis_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bitlis Vilayet">Bitlis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople Vilayet">Constantinople</a> (Istanbul)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diyarbekir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyarbekir Vilayet">Diyarbekir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzurum_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Erzurum Vilayet">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCdavendig%C3%A2r_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hüdavendigâr Vilayet">Hüdavendigâr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastamonu_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastamonu Vilayet">Kastamonu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konya_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Konya Vilayet">Konya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuret-ul-Aziz_vilayet" title="Mamuret-ul-Aziz vilayet">Mamuret-ul-Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivas Vilayet">Sivas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebizond_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Trebizond Vilayet">Trebizond</a> (Trabzon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Vilayet">Van</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrianople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrianople Vilayet">Adrianople</a> (Edirne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia Vilayet">Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople Vilayet">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Crete" title="Ottoman Crete">Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube Vilayet">Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janina_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janina Vilayet">Janina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manastir_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manastir Vilayet">Manastir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonica_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonica Vilayet">Salonica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutari_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scutari Vilayet">Scutari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Levant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleppo Vilayet">Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beirut_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Beirut Vilayet">Beirut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate" title="Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate">Mount Lebanon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria Vilayet">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem" title="Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hejaz_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hejaz Vilayet">Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemen Vilayet">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mesopotamia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Vilayet">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosul_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosul Vilayet">Mosul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basra_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Basra Vilayet">Basra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vassals_and_autonomies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vassal_and_tributary_states_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire">Vassals</a> and autonomies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vassals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Ukraine" title="Ottoman Ukraine">Ottoman Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Khanate of Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Principality of Moldavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharifate_of_Mecca" title="Sharifate of Mecca">Sharifate of Mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> (1672–1676)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Syrmia_of_Radoslav_%C4%8Celnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Syrmia of Radoslav Čelnik">Duchy of Syrmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_(1570%E2%80%931711)" title="Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)">Principality of Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Principality of Wallachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities" class="mw-redirect" title="United Principalities">Principality of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Principality of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Imereti" title="Kingdom of Imereti">Kingdom of Imereti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septinsular_Republic" title="Septinsular Republic">Septinsular Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_State" title="Cretan State">Cretan State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedivate_of_Egypt" title="Khedivate of Egypt">Khedivate of Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_emirates" title="Kurdish emirates">Kurdish emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Iraq)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)">Mamluk of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Samos" title="Principality of Samos">Principality of Samos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&oldid=1255909104">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&oldid=1255909104</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1872" title="Category:States and territories established in 1872">States and territories established in 1872</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1916" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1916">States and territories disestablished in 1916</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vilayets_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_in_Asia" title="Category:Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Asia">Vilayets of the Ottoman Empire in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ottoman_Arabia" title="Category:Ottoman Arabia">Ottoman Arabia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modern_history_of_Jordan" title="Category:Modern history of Jordan">Modern history of Jordan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1872_establishments_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:1872 establishments in the Ottoman Empire">1872 establishments in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1916_disestablishments_in_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:1916 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire">1916 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Hejaz" title="Category:History of Hejaz">History of Hejaz</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_non-numeric_formatnum_arguments" title="Category:Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments">Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2020">Use dmy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ottoman_Turkish_(1500-1928)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text">Articles containing Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saudi_Arabia_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Saudi Arabia articles missing geocoordinate data">Saudi Arabia articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 06:47<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hejaz_vilayet&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-lw6g9","wgBackendResponseTime":1136,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.765","walltime":"0.987","ppvisitednodes":{"value":6018,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":101370,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7372,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":66880,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 855.994 1 -total"," 35.97% 307.862 1 Template:Infobox_former_subdivision"," 14.35% 122.845 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.98% 119.689 1 Template:Subdivisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire"," 13.45% 115.105 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 13.07% 111.848 2 Template:Native_name"," 12.26% 104.970 8 Template:Cite_book"," 11.99% 102.626 33 Template:Sfn"," 7.33% 62.712 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.64% 56.850 41 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.455","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15560800,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFGábor_ÁgostonBruce_Alan_Masters2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogarth1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Minahan2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNikshoy_C._Chatterji1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNuman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOchsenwald1984\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRoger_Dewardt_Lane2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimothy_J._Paris2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWahab1911\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord missing\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Hejaz, Ottoman\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox former subdivision\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 2,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Native name\"] = 2,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 33,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6fb798d4f9-lw6g9","timestamp":"20241202052332","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hejaz vilayet","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hejaz_vilayet","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3558385","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3558385","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2011-05-16T17:32:50Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T06:47:19Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8e\/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg","headline":"A Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire"}</script> </body> </html>