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Disponible en 35 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_Konsonant" title="Flap Konsonant – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Flap Konsonant" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="صامت نقري – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صامت نقري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Едноударна съгласна – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Едноударна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="তাড়নজাত ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাড়নজাত ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kensonenn_dre_stlakat" title="Kensonenn dre stlakat – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kensonenn dre stlakat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_bategant" title="Consonant bategant – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Consonant bategant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verberantn%C3%AD_souhl%C3%A1ska" title="Verberantní souhláska – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Verberantní souhláska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytsain_gnithiedig" title="Cytsain gnithiedig – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cytsain gnithiedig" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_(Phonetik)" title="Flap (Phonetik) – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flap (Phonetik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tap and flap consonants" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frapeto" title="Frapeto – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frapeto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonante_vibrante_simple" title="Consonante vibrante simple – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Consonante vibrante simple" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="همخوان زنشی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="همخوان زنشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corockle_crank" title="Corockle crank – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Corockle crank" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D" title="עיצורים מקישים – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצורים מקישים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="उत्क्षिप्त व्यंजन – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्क्षिप्त व्यंजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legyint%C5%91hang" title="Legyintőhang – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Legyintőhang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_kepakan_dan_hempasan" title="Konsonan kepakan dan hempasan – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan kepakan dan hempasan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sl%C3%A1ttarhlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Sláttarhljóð – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sláttarhljóð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AF%E3%81%98%E3%81%8D%E9%9F%B3" title="はじき音 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="はじき音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%84%EC%9D%8C" title="탄음 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탄음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienad%C5%AB%C5%BEiai_priebalsiai" title="Vienadūžiai priebalsiai – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vienadūžiai priebalsiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Едноударна согласка – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Едноударна согласка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_tamparan" title="Konsonan tamparan – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konsonan tamparan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flap_(fonetiek)" title="Flap (fonetiek) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Flap (fonetiek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapp" title="Flapp – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Flapp" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapp" title="Flapp – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Flapp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_uderzeniowa" title="Spółgłoska uderzeniowa – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska uderzeniowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoante_vibrante_simples" title="Consoante vibrante simples – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Consoante vibrante simples" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_b%C4%83tut%C4%83" title="Consoană bătută – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană bătută" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Одноударные согласные – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Одноударные согласные" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tap and flap consonants" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flapp" title="Flapp – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Flapp" data-language-autonym="Svenska" 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mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Phonetik.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/45px-Phonetik.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/68px-Phonetik.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Phonetik.svg/90px-Phonetik.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="39" data-file-height="16" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Linguistique" title="Linguistique">linguistique</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment ?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Battue" class="mw-disambig" title="Battue">battue</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>Une <b>consonne battue</b> (ou brièvement une <b>battue</b>) est une <a href="/wiki/Consonne" title="Consonne">consonne</a> <a href="/wiki/Vibrante" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibrante">vibrante</a> produite par la rencontre de deux organes articulateurs. La différence essentielle entre une battue et une <a href="/wiki/Occlusive" class="mw-redirect" title="Occlusive">occlusive</a> réside dans l'absence de pression de l'air dans la production de la battue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consonnes_battues_de_l'API"><span id="Consonnes_battues_de_l.27API"></span>Consonnes battues de l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international">API</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonne_battue&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Consonnes battues de l'API" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consonne_battue&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consonnes battues de l'API"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alv%C3%A9olaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvéolaire">Alvéolaires</a> : la région alvéolaire sert de point d'appui à la pointe de la langue qui vibre brièvement avant de se rabattre en position de repos, plate, la pointe contre les dents du bas. <ul><li>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɾ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɾ</span></a>] (<a href="/wiki/Consonne_centrale" title="Consonne centrale">centrale</a>)</li> <li>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɺ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɺ</span></a>] (<a href="/wiki/Consonne_lat%C3%A9rale" title="Consonne latérale">latérale</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9troflexe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rétroflexe">Rétroflexe</a> : la pointe de la langue, dirigée vers l'arrière, vibre brièvement contre le palais antérieur. Elle prend contact avec celui-ci par sa face intérieure, puis va se rabattre en position de repos, plate, la pointe contre les dents du bas. <ul><li>[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɽ"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">ɽ</span></a>] (centrale)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Linguistique" title="Portail de la linguistique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/24px-Logo_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/36px-Logo_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Logo_language.svg/48px-Logo_language.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Linguistique" title="Portail:Linguistique">Portail de la linguistique</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consonne_battue&oldid=152080478">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Consonne_battue&oldid=152080478</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégorie</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Consonne_battue" title="Catégorie:Consonne battue">Consonne battue</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%A9bauche_linguistique" title="Catégorie:Wikipédia:ébauche linguistique">Wikipédia:ébauche linguistique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Linguistique/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Linguistique/Articles liés">Portail:Linguistique/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Langues/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Langues/Articles liés">Portail:Langues/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences_humaines_et_sociales/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences humaines et sociales/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences humaines et sociales/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 10 septembre 2018 à 10:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a> : les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a> ; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. 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