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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Formatting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formatting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Formatting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formatting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_honorifics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_honorifics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>List of honorifics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-List_of_honorifics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle List of honorifics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_honorifics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-God_(Allah)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#God_(Allah)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>God (<i>Allah</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-God_(Allah)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammad_(Sallā_-llāhu_ʿalayhi_wa-sallam)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammad_(Sallā_-llāhu_ʿalayhi_wa-sallam)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Muhammad (Sallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammad_(Sallā_-llāhu_ʿalayhi_wa-sallam)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muhammad's_companions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muhammad's_companions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Muhammad's companions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muhammad's_companions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prophets_and_messengers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prophets_and_messengers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Prophets and messengers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prophets_and_messengers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revered_men_and_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revered_men_and_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Revered men and women</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revered_men_and_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enemies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enemies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Enemies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enemies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scriptural_and_hadith_basis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scriptural_and_hadith_basis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Scriptural and hadith basis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Scriptural_and_hadith_basis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Scriptural and hadith basis subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Scriptural_and_hadith_basis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Qur'ān" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qur'ān"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Qur'ān</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qur'ān-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hadiths_from_Sunni_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hadiths_from_Sunni_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hadiths from Sunni Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hadiths_from_Sunni_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salafi_rejection_of_abbreviations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salafi_rejection_of_abbreviations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Salafi rejection of abbreviations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salafi_rejection_of_abbreviations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Islamic honorifics</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another 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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF" title="ইসলামে সম্মানসূচক উপাধি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইসলামে সম্মানসূচক উপাধি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Исламда руханиҙар – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Исламда руханиҙар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor%C3%ADficos_musulmanes" title="Honoríficos musulmanes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Honoríficos musulmanes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85" title="عبارت‌های دعایی در اسلام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عبارت‌های دعایی در اسلام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelar_kehormatan_Islam" title="Gelar kehormatan Islam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gelar kehormatan Islam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96_%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ислам дініндегі діни лауазымдар мен атақтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ислам дініндегі діни лауазымдар мен атақтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islom_dinidagi_diniy_lavozimlar_va_unvonlar" title="Islom dinidagi diniy lavozimlar va unvonlar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Islom dinidagi diniy lavozimlar va unvonlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Ісламське духовенство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ісламське духовенство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="اسلامی القاب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اسلامی القاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Laudatory religious phrases in Islam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Peace be upon him" redirects here. For the Jewish honorific, see <a href="/wiki/Honorifics_for_the_dead_in_Judaism#Peace_be_upon_him/her" title="Honorifics for the dead in Judaism">Honorifics for the dead in Judaism § Peace be upon him/her</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Islamic_honorifics" title="Special:EditPage/Islamic honorifics">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Islamic+honorifics%22">"Islamic honorifics"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Islamic+honorifics%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Islamic+honorifics%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Islamic+honorifics%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Islamic+honorifics%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Islamic+honorifics%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_jurisprudence" title="Category:Islamic jurisprudence">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Islamic jurisprudence<br />(<i>fiqh</i>)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ALFiqh.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/125px-ALFiqh.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/188px-ALFiqh.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/ALFiqh.png/250px-ALFiqh.png 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ibadah" title="Ibadah">Ritual</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Shahada" title="Shahada">Shahada</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Salah</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Rakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakat">Raka'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turbah" title="Turbah">Turbah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sunnah_prayer" title="Sunnah prayer">Sunnah prayer</a></i> <div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/Tarawih" title="Tarawih">Tarawih</a></i></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahajjud" title="Tahajjud">Tahajjud</a></i>)</li></ul></div></div></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witr" title="Witr">Witr</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nafl_prayer" title="Nafl prayer">Nafl prayer</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Sawm" class="mw-redirect" title="Sawm">Sawm</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ihram_clothing" title="Ihram clothing">clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj"><i>Mut'ah</i></a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tawaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawaf">Tawaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mut%27ah_of_Hajj" title="Mut'ah of Hajj">and <i>Hajj</i></a>)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam" title="Political aspects of Islam">Political</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_leadership" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic leadership">Islamic leadership</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">Caliphate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Majlis-ash-Shura" class="mw-redirect" title="Majlis-ash-Shura">Majlis-ash-Shura</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imamate" title="Imamate">Imamate</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist" title="Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist">Wilayat al-faqih</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay%27ah" title="Bay'ah">Bay'ah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Dhimmi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aman_(Islam)" title="Aman (Islam)">Aman</a></i></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_family_jurisprudence" title="Islamic family jurisprudence">Family</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Islam" title="Marriage in Islam">Marriage</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_marriage_contract" title="Islamic marriage contract">Contract</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahr" title="Mahr">Mahr</a></i></li></ul> </div> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Misyar_marriage" title="Misyar marriage">Misyar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_halala" title="Nikah halala">Halala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_%27urfi" title="Nikah 'urfi">Urfi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nikah_mut%27ah" title="Nikah mut'ah">Mut‘ah</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygyny_in_Islam" title="Polygyny in Islam">Polygyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Islam" title="Divorce in Islam">Divorce</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Khula" class="mw-redirect" title="Khula">Khula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zihar" title="Zihar">Zihar</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iddah" title="Iddah">Iddah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafa%27ah" title="Kafa'ah">Kafa'ah</a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_adoptional_jurisprudence" title="Islamic adoptional jurisprudence">Adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastfeeding_in_Islam" title="Breastfeeding in Islam">Breastfeeding</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam" title="Sexuality in Islam">Sexual</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Intimate_parts_in_Islam" title="Intimate parts in Islam">Awrah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Islam">Abortion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baligh" title="Baligh">Baligh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haya_(Islam)" title="Haya (Islam)">Haya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Islam#Purification_and_hygiene" title="Sexuality in Islam">Hygiene</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Islamic_law" title="Rape in Islamic law">Rape</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina">Zina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_masturbation" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and masturbation">Masturbation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_criminal_jurisprudence" title="Islamic criminal jurisprudence">Criminal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudud" title="Hudud">Hudud</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_blasphemy" title="Islam and blasphemy">Blasphemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisir" title="Maisir"><i>Maisir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(gambling)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zina" title="Zina"><i>Zina</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(illicit sex)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirabah" title="Hirabah"><i>Hirabah</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(unlawful warfare and banditry)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasad" title="Fasad"><i>Fasad</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("mischief")</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofsed-e-filarz" title="Mofsed-e-filarz">Mofsed-e-filarz</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("spreading corruption")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitna_(word)" title="Fitna (word)">Fitna</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">("sedition")</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajm"><i>Rajm</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(stoning)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tazir" title="Tazir"><i>Tazir</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(discretionary)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas"><i>Qisas</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(retaliation)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diya_(Islam)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diya (Islam)"><i>Diya</i>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(compensation)</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Etiquette</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adab_(Islam)" title="Adab (Islam)">Adab</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_gender_segregation" title="Islam and gender segregation">Gender segregation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purdah" title="Purdah">Purdah</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahram" title="Mahram">Mahram</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics" title="Islamic economics">Economic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Islamic_economics" title="History of Islamic economics">History</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <i><a href="/wiki/Zakat" title="Zakat">Zakat</a></i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jizya" title="Jizya">Jizya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nisab" title="Nisab">Nisab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khums" title="Khums">Khums</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sadaqah" title="Sadaqah">Sadaqah</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a></i>)</li></ul> </div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-mal" title="Bayt al-mal">Bayt al-mal</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_banking_and_finance" title="Islamic banking and finance">Banking</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Riba" title="Riba">Riba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Murabaha" title="Murabaha">Murabaha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Takaful" title="Takaful">Takaful</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sukuk" title="Sukuk">Sukuk</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_inheritance_jurisprudence" title="Islamic inheritance jurisprudence">Inheritance</a></th></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam#Hygienical_Jurisprudence" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Hygiene</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_sexual_hygienical_jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic sexual hygienical jurisprudence">Sexual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Toilet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purity_in_Islam" title="Ritual purity in Islam">Taharah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ihram" title="Ihram">Ihram</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wudu" title="Wudu">Wudu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Masah" title="Masah">Masah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghusl" title="Ghusl">Ghusl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tayammum" title="Tayammum">Tayammum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miswak" title="Miswak">Miswak</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Najis" title="Najis">Najis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Dietary</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhabihah" title="Dhabihah">Dhabihah</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Intoxicants" title="Islamic dietary laws">Alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws#Pork" title="Islamic dietary laws">Pork</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Islamic_and_Jewish_dietary_laws" title="Comparison of Islamic and Jewish dietary laws">Comparison with <i>kashrut</i></a></span></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #dcf5dc;;background: #dcf5dc;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:center;padding-right:0.4em;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="padding-left:1.5em;padding-right:1.5em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">Jihad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghanimah" title="Ghanimah">Ghanimah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudna" title="Hudna">Hudna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istijarah" title="Istijarah"><i>Istijarah</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(asylum)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_views_on_prisoners_of_war" title="Islamic views on prisoners of war">Prisoners of war</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #dcf5dc;border-bottom:1px solid #dcf5dc;padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fiqh" title="Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fiqh" title="Template talk:Fiqh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fiqh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> uses a number of conventionally complimentary phrases wishing-well or praising religiously-esteemed figures including <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (Messenger of God), Muhammad's companions (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">sahaba</a>), family (<a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a>), other <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets and messengers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">angels</a>, and revered persons. In <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a>, honorifics are used with the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Imams" title="Twelve Imams">Twelve Imams</a>. </p><p><b>Islamic honorifics</b> are referred to as <i>ṣalawāt</i> (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَوات</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, and <i>durūd</i> in both <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">درود</span></span>) and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (<span title="Urdu-language text"><span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">درود</span></span></span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formatting">Formatting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formatting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Islamic honorifics are not abbreviated in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic-script</a> languages (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>) given the rarity of acronyms and abbreviations in those languages, however, these honorifics are often abbreviated in other languages such as English, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>. Common examples of these abbreviations include PBUH ('Peace be Upon Him') and SWT (<i>subhanahu wa-ta'ala</i>, 'Glorified and Exalted'). Though these honorifics may be abbreviated in writing, they are never abbreviated in speech. Abbreviations often vary in <a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">letter case</a> and use of <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">periods</a>. </p><p>Honorifics, in Arabic or non-Arabic languages, can be written in multiple formats: </p> <ol><li>Arabic text with Islamic honorifics <ul><li>Example: "<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لقد شارك رسول الله <u>صلى الله عليه وسلم</u> كلام الله <u>سبحانه وتعالى</u> كما أنزله عليه الملك جبريل <u>عليه السلام</u> مع صاحبه الوفي أبو بكر الصديق <u>رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ</u></span></span>"</li></ul></li> <li>English text with Islamic honorifics in <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanized</a> Arabic <ul><li>Example: "The Messenger of God (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam</i></span>) shared the word of Allah (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">subḥānahu wa-taʿālā</i></span>) as revealed to him by the angel Jibril (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿalayhi as-salām</i></span>) with his loyal companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">raḍiya 'llāhu 'anhu</i></span>)."</li></ul></li> <li>English text with unabbreviated Islamic honorifics <ul><li>Example: "The Messenger of God (peace be upon him) shared the word of Allah (glorified and exalted) as revealed to him by the angel Jibril (peace be upon him) with his loyal companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (Allah be pleased with him)."</li></ul></li> <li>English text with abbreviated Islamic honorifics <ul><li>Example: "The Messenger of God (PBUH) shared the word of Allah (SWT) as revealed to him by the angel Jibril (AS) with his loyal companion, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA)."</li></ul></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_honorifics">List of honorifics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of honorifics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="God_(Allah)"><span id="God_.28Allah.29"></span>God (<i>Allah</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: God (Allah)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a></div> <p>Following the mention of God (<i>Allah</i>), including by <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronoun</a> (e.g. 'Him' or 'His'), or by one of the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">names bestowed upon him</a>, one of the below honorifics are said or written. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixal Honorifics for <i>Allah</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic </th> <th>Single character in Unicode </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>Abbreviation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سُبْحَانَهُۥ وَتَعَالَىٰ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﷾</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">subḥānahū wa-taʿālā</i></span> </td> <td>(SWT) </td> <td>Glorified and exalted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَىٰ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵎</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">tabāraka wa-taʿālā</i></span> </td> <td>(TWT) </td> <td>Blessed and exalted </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَزَّ وَجَلَّ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﷿</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿazza wa-jall</i></span> </td> <td>(AZWJ) </td> <td>Prestigious and majestic / Mighty and sublime </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ﷻ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">jalla jalāluh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i></span> </td> <td>(JJ) </td> <td>Most exalted </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muhammad_(Sallā_-llāhu_ʿalayhi_wa-sallam)"><span id="Muhammad_.28Sall.C4.81_-ll.C4.81hu_.CA.BFalayhi_wa-sallam.29"></span>Muhammad (Sallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Muhammad (Sallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></div><p> Muhammad's name, reference to him through a pronoun (e.g. 'his' or 'him'), or the use of one of his titles (e.g. 'the messenger of Allah') is followed by one of the below honorifics. The honorific "Blessings of Allah be upon him as well as peace" is the most widely used. The use of the word "blessings" (<i>ṣallā,</i> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَّى</span></span>) can be used for all Islamic prophets (and Shia Imams) equally, however it is almost exclusively used with Muhammad.</p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/198px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" decoding="async" width="198" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/297px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/396px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="19" /></a><figcaption><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sallā -llāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam</i></span> ("blessings of God and peace be upon him") written in Arabic</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="156" /></a><figcaption>"Blessings of God be upon him and his progeny" in Arabic</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixal Honorifics for Muhammad </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic </th> <th>Single character in Unicode </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>Abbreviation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِۦ وَسَلَّمَ</span></span> </td> <td><small>n/a</small> <p><small>available in font packs that augment U+FDFA</small> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/20px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/30px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg/40px-Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="19" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhī wa-sallam<sup><small>a</small></sup></i></span> </td> <td>(SAW), (SA), <b>(PBUH)</b> </td> <td>May blessings of Allah be upon him as well as peace. <p>English short: <b>Peace Be Upon Him</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِۦ وَآلِهِۦ وَسَلَّمَ</span></span> </td> <td><small>Default universal character</small> <p><small>copyable text:</small> <big>ﷺ</big> </p><p>U+FDFA </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png/50px-%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png/75px-%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png/100px-%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87_%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="156" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><i>ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālihī wa-sallam<sup>a</sup></i> </td> <td>(SAWW), (SAWS), (SA), <b>(PBUHP)</b> </td> <td>May blessings of Allah be upon him and his <a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">progeny</a> and grant him peace. <p>English short: <b>Peace Be Upon Him & his Progeny</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">صَلَّى ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِۦ وَآلِهِ</span></span> </td> <td>﵆ </td> <td><i>ṣallā -llāhu ʿalayhī wa-ʾālih<sup>ī</sup></i> </td> <td>(SAWA), (SA), (SAWW) </td> <td>May blessings of Allah be upon him and his progeny<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muhammad's_companions"><span id="Muhammad.27s_companions"></span>Muhammad's companions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Muhammad's companions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of the Prophet</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg/220px-Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg/330px-Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg/440px-Ar-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>"May Allāh be pleased with him" in Arabic</figcaption></figure> <p>Honorifics used for Muhammad's companions (<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">aṣ-Ṣaẖābah</i></span>) ask for Allah's pleasure with them. Muhammad's companions include men (<a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umar" title="Umar">Umar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ali" title="Ali">Ali</a>, etc.) and women (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Fatima" title="Fatima">Fatima bint Muhammad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aisha" title="Aisha">Aisha bint Abu Bakr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asma_bint_Abi_Bakr" title="Asma bint Abi Bakr">Asma bint Abu Bakr</a>, etc.), and are accorded the properly gendered honorifics. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixal Honorifics for the Sahaba </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic </th> <th>Single character in Unicode </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>Abbreviation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="5"><big><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵁</span></span>ؓ</big> <p>U+0613 (accent used prefix or suffix to name) </p> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i> </td> <td rowspan="5">(RA) </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhā</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhumā</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with them (<a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">dual</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhum</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with them </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُنَّ</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhunn</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with them (Feminine plural) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prophets_and_messengers">Prophets and messengers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Prophets and messengers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets and messengers in Islam</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Angels in Islam</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg/220px-Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg/330px-Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg/440px-Ar-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">'Alay-hi 's-salām</i></span> in Arabic script</figcaption></figure> <p>Some honorifics apply to the archangels (<a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibril</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Quran" title="Michael (archangel)">Mikhail</a>, etc.) as well as any other Islamic prophets preceding Muhammad (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Musa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a> etc.). A group of modern scholars from <a href="/wiki/Imam_Mohammad_Ibn_Saud_Islamic_University" title="Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University">Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University</a>, Yemen, and Mauritania has issued fatwa that the angels should be invoked with blessing of <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">alaihissalam</i></span>, which also applied to human prophets and messengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This fatwa was based on the ruling from <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Qayyim_al-Jawziyya" title="Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya">Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixal Honorifics for Prophets, Messengers, Angels and Shia Imams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic </th> <th>Single character in Unicode </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>Abbreviation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵇</span></span> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhi -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td rowspan="5">(AS) </td> <td>Peace be upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهَا ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵍</span></span> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhā -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Peace be upon her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِمَا ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵉</span></span> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhimā -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Peace be upon them (dual) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵈</span></span> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhimu -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Peace be upon them (plural) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِنَّ ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhinna -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Peace be upon them (feminine plural) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵊</span></span> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhi -ṣ-ṣalātu wa-s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td rowspan="5">(ASWS) </td> <td>Blessings and peace be upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهَا ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhā -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Blessings and peace be upon her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِمَا ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhimā -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Blessings and peace be upon them (dual) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلصَّلَاةُ وَٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhimu -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Blessings and peace be upon them (plural) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عَلَيْهِنَّ ٱلسَّلَامُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>ʿalayhinna -ṣ-ṣalātu -s-salām<sup>u</sup></i> </td> <td>Blessings and peace be upon them (feminine plural) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>salāmu -llāhi ʿalayh<sup>ī</sup></i> </td> <td rowspan="5">(SA) </td> <td>Allah's peace upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهَا</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhā</i> </td> <td>Allah's peace upon her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِمَا</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhimā</i> </td> <td>Allah's peace upon them (dual) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِمُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhim</i> </td> <td>Allah's peace upon them (plural) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سَلَامُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِنَّ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>salāmu -llāhi ʿalayhinn<sup>a</sup></i> </td> <td>Allah's peace upon them (feminine plural) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shia Islam</a>, Muhammad's progeny, referred to as <b><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Ahl al-Bayt</a></i></span></b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أَهْل ٱلْبَيْت</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'people of the house'), are addressed with the same honorifics as messengers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Revered_men_and_women">Revered men and women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Revered men and women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87.png/220px-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87.png/330px-%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>"May Allah's mercy be upon him" in Arabic</figcaption></figure> <p>Some honorifics apply to highly-revered Islamic scholars and people thought to be of high spiritual rank. When that person has died, honorifics ask for Allah's mercy upon or pleasure with him or her. When that person is still living, honorifics customarily ask for Allah's preservation or relief. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixal Honorifics for Revered Men and Women </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic </th> <th>Single character in Unicode </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>Abbreviation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>raḥmatu -llāhi ʿalayh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i> </td> <td rowspan="6">(RH) </td> <td>Allah's mercy upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحِمَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵀</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḥimahu -llāh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i> </td> <td>Mercy upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهَا</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">raḥmatu -llāhi ʿalayhā</i></span> </td> <td>Allah's mercy upon her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحِمَهَا ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">raḥimahā -llāh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i></span> </td> <td>Mercy upon her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحْمَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِم</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">raḥmatu -llāhi ʿalayhim</i></span> </td> <td>Allah's mercy upon them </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَحِمَهُمُ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵏</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḥimahu -llāh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i> </td> <td>Mercy upon them </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رِضْوَانُ ٱللَّٰهِ تَعَالَىٰ عَلَيْهِ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>riḍwānu -llāhi ta'ālā ʿalayh<sup><small>ī</small></sup>}</i> </td> <td rowspan="2">(RA) </td> <td>Allah be pleased with him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رِضْوَانُ ٱللَّٰهِ تَعَالَىٰ عَلَيْهَا</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>riḍwānu -llāhi ta'ālā ʿalayhā</i> </td> <td>Allah be pleased with her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حَفِظَهُ ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">hafiḏahu -llāh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">(HA) </td> <td>Allah preserve him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">حَفِظَهَا ٱللَّٰهُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>hafiḏahā 'llāh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i> </td> <td>Allah preserve her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فَرَّجَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">farraja -llāhu ʿanh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i></span> </td> <td rowspan="2">(FA) </td> <td>Allah grant him relief </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">فَرَّجَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا</span></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>farraja -llāhu ʿanhā</i> </td> <td>Allah grant her relief </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵁</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanh<sup><small>ū</small></sup></i> </td> <td rowspan="5">(RA) </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with him </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵂</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhā</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with her </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ ٱللَّٰهُ عَنْهُمَا</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵄</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhumā</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with them (<a href="/wiki/Dual_(grammatical_number)" title="Dual (grammatical number)">dual</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵃</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhum</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with them </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُنَّ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">﵅</span></span> </td> <td><i>raḍiya -llāhu ʿanhunn</i> </td> <td>May Allah be pleased with them (Feminine plural) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enemies">Enemies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Enemies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although disparaging and non-honorific, the following phrase may follow the name of a significant enemy of Muhammad, namely <a href="/wiki/Abu_Lahab" title="Abu Lahab">Abu Lahab</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Qurayshi</a> leader in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> who opposed Islam's rise and was condemned by name by God in the Quran. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Suffixal Curse for Enemies </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Arabic </th> <th>Romanization </th> <th>Abbreviation </th> <th>Translation </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لَعَنَةُ ٱللَّٰهِ عَلَيْهِ</span></span> </td> <td>la'anatu -llahi ʿalayh<sup>ī</sup> </td> <td>(LA) </td> <td>Allah's curse be upon him </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scriptural_and_hadith_basis">Scriptural and hadith basis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scriptural and hadith basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qur'ān"><span id="Qur.27.C4.81n"></span>Qur'ān</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Qur'ān"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A5%D9%90%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%87%D9%8E_%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%90%D9%83%D9%8E%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%87%D9%8F_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8E_%D8%B9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A8%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%90%D9%91_%DB%9A_%D9%8A%D9%8E%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%87%D9%8E%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B0%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8E_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%87%D9%90_%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%90%D9%91%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%92%D9%84.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D8%A5%D9%90%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%87%D9%8E_%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%90%D9%83%D9%8E%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%87%D9%8F_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8E_%D8%B9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A8%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%90%D9%91_%DB%9A_%D9%8A%D9%8E%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%87%D9%8E%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B0%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8E_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%87%D9%90_%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%90%D9%91%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%92%D9%84.svg/330px-thumbnail.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/%D8%A5%D9%90%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%87%D9%8E_%D9%88%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%90%D9%83%D9%8E%D8%AA%D9%8E%D9%87%D9%8F_%D9%8A%D9%8F%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8E_%D8%B9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%A8%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%90%D9%91_%DB%9A_%D9%8A%D9%8E%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%87%D9%8E%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%91%D8%B0%D9%90%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8E_%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8F%D9%91%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%8E%D9%8A%D9%92%D9%87%D9%90_%D9%88%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%8E%D9%84%D9%90%D9%91%D9%85%D9%8F%D9%88%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%92%D9%84.svg/440px-thumbnail.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>Verse 33:56 in Arabic</figcaption></figure> <p>The honorifics for Muhammad are enjoined by Surat <a href="/wiki/Al-Ahzab" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ahzab">al-Ahzab</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">إِنَّ ٱللّٰهَ وَمَلَـٰٓىِٕكَتَهُۥ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى ٱلنَّبِىِّ ۚ يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ صَلُّوا۟ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا۟ تَسْلِيمًا</span>‎</span></span><br />"Surely Allah (God) and His angels bless the Prophet; O you who believe! Send blessings on him and salute him with a (becoming) salutation."<br /><sup>[<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0003%3Asura%3D33%3Averse%3D56">33:56</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quran_translations" title="Quran translations">Translated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Habib_Shakir" title="Muhammad Habib Shakir">Shakir</a>)]</sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hadiths_from_Sunni_Islam">Hadiths from Sunni Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Hadiths from Sunni Islam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Al-Tirmidhi</a> recorded that <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hurairah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Hurairah">Abu Hurairah</a> said, "The Messenger of Allah said, 'May he be humiliated, the man in whose presence I am mentioned and he does not send Salaam upon me; may he be humiliated, the man who sees the <a href="/wiki/Ramadan_(calendar_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadan (calendar month)">month of Ramadan</a> come and go, and he is not forgiven; may he be humiliated, the man whose parents live to old age and they do not cause him to be granted admittance to Paradise.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" Al-Tirmidhi said that this hadith was <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_(hadith)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasan (hadith)">ḥasan gharib</a></i></span>, "good but only reported once". </p><p>In <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a></i></span>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Jami%27_at-Tirmidhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Jami' at-Tirmidhi">Jami' at-Tirmidhi</a></i></span> and <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Sughra" title="Al-Sunan al-Sughra">al-Sunan al-Sughra</a></i></span>, four of the <a href="/wiki/Kutub_al-Sittah" title="Kutub al-Sittah">six major hadith collections</a> recorded that Abu Hurairah said, "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Whoever sends one Salaam upon me, Allah will send ten upon him.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a> reported in his <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</i></span> that the Companion of Muhammad, Abu Talha ibn Thabit, said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>One morning the Messenger of Allah was in a cheerful mood and looked happy. They said, "O Messenger of Allah, this morning you are in a cheerful mood and look happy." He said, "Of course, just now someone [an angel] came to me from my Lord [Allah] and said, 'Whoever among your Ummah sends Salaam upon you, Allah will record for him ten good deeds and will erase for him ten evil deeds, and will raise his status by ten degrees, and will return his greeting with something similar to it.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</p></blockquote> <p><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Al-Bayhaqi</a> reports that Abu Hurairah said that Muhammad said, "Send the Salaam on Allah's messengers and prophets for Allah sent them as He sent me." </p><p>This point is further founded in the saying by Muhammad, "The miser is the one in whose presence I am mentioned, then he does not send the Salam upon me." This was recorded in <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbal" title="Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal">Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal</a></i></span>. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Anas bin Malik said, "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said: 'Whoever sends salah upon me once, Allah (SWT) will send salah upon him tenfold, and will erase ten sins from him, and will raise him ten degrees in status.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Collected by <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasa%27i" title="Al-Nasa'i">Al-Nasa'i</a>, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Sughra" title="Al-Sunan al-Sughra">Al-Sunan al-Sughra</a></i></span>, Book 13, Hadith 119<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salafi_rejection_of_abbreviations">Salafi rejection of abbreviations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Salafi rejection of abbreviations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scholars of the <a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a> branch of Islam practiced in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> have instructed their followers not to abbreviate the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">salawat</a></i></span> upon Muhammad. For example, <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Aziz_ibn_Baz" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz">Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Mufti" title="Grand Mufti">Grand Mufti</a> of Saudi Arabia, said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As it is prescribed to send prayers upon the Prophet (peace and prayers of Allah be upon him) in prayer when saying the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tashahhud" title="Tashahhud">tashahhud</a></i></span>, and it is prescribed when giving <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Khutbah" title="Khutbah">khutbahs</a></i></span>, saying <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Du%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Du'a">Du'a</a></i></span> and praying for forgiveness, and after the <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Adhan" title="Adhan">Adhan</a></i></span>, and when entering and exiting the mosque, and when mentioning him in other circumstances, so it is more important to do so when writing his name in a book, letter, article and so on. So it is prescribed to write the prayers in full so as to fulfil the command that Allah has given to Muslims, and so that the reader will remember to say the prayers when he reads it. So one should not write the prayers on the Prophet (peace and prayers of Allah be upon him) in short form such as writing (S) or (SAWS) etc, or other forms that some writers use, because that is going against the command of Allah in His Book, where He says (interpretation of the meaning): </p><p><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1227789315"><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">صَلُّوا۟ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا۟ تَسْلِيمًا</span>‎</span></span> </p><p>Send blessings on him and salute him with a (becoming) salutation."<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0003%3Asura%3D33%3Averse%3D56">33:56</a> (<a href="/wiki/Quran_translations" title="Quran translations">Translated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Habib_Shakir" title="Muhammad Habib Shakir">Shakir</a>)]</sup> </p><p> And that (writing it in abbreviated form) does not serve that purpose and is devoid of the virtue of writing "<span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">salla Allaahu 'alayhi wa salaam</i></span> (May Allah send prayers and peace upon him)" in full. Moreover the reader may not take notice of it and may not understand what is meant by it. It should also be noted that the symbol used for it is regarded as disapproved by the scholars, who warned against it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Need the year this event took place (January 2015)">year needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arabic_script_in_Unicode#Word_ligatures" title="Arabic script in Unicode">Arabic script in Unicode § Word ligatures</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Unicode </th></tr> <tr> <th>UTF-8 Encoding </th> <th>Symbol </th> <th>Unicode Name </th> <th>Transcription </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> </th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><code>&#1553;</code> </td> <td><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;">ؑ</span></span></span> </td> <td>Arabic sign ALAYHE ASSALLAM </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">ʿalayhi s-salām</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">عليه السلام</span></span> </td> <td>Peace be upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&#1554;</code> </td> <td><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;">ؒ</span></span></span> </td> <td>Arabic sign RAHMATULLAH ALAYHE </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">raḥmatu Llāhi ʿalayh</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رحمة الله عليه</span></span> </td> <td>God have mercy upon him </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>&#1555;</code> </td> <td><span style="vertical-align:sub;"><span style="vertical-align:sub;line-height:180%"><span style="font-size:180%; vertical-align:sub;">ؓ</span></span></span> </td> <td>Arabic sign RADI ALLAHOU ANHU </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">raḍī Llāhu ʿanh</i></span> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">رضي الله عنه</span></span> </td> <td>God be pleased with him </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Subhanahu_wa_ta%27ala" class="mw-redirect" title="Subhanahu wa ta'ala">Subhanahu wa ta'ala</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Salawat" title="Salawat">Salawat</a></i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used more commonly by Shia Muslims</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saying_'Peace_be_upon_him'_to_Angels_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbdullaah_Al-Faqeeh2003" class="citation web cs1">Abdullaah Al-Faqeeh (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/86115/saying-peace-be-upon-him-to-angel-gabriel">"Saying 'Peace be upon him' to Angel Gabriel"</a>. <i>Islamweb.net</i>. Fatwa center of Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Yemen, and Mauritania Islamic educational institues<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Islamweb.net&rft.atitle=Saying+%27Peace+be+upon+him%27+to+Angel+Gabriel&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Abdullaah+Al-Faqeeh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.islamweb.net%2Fen%2Ffatwa%2F86115%2Fsaying-peace-be-upon-him-to-angel-gabriel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+honorifics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sunnah.com/nasai:1297">"The Book of Forgetfulness (In Prayer) (55) Chapter: The virtue of sending salah upon the Prophet (SAW)"</a>. <i>sunnah.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502152819/https://sunnah.com/nasai:1297">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-05-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sunnah.com&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Forgetfulness+%28In+Prayer%29+%2855%29+Chapter%3A+The+virtue+of+sending+salah+upon+the+Prophet+%28SAW%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsunnah.com%2Fnasai%3A1297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIslamic+honorifics" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&oldid=1252532999">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Islamic_honorifics&oldid=1252532999</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Islamic_honorifics" title="Category:Islamic honorifics">Islamic honorifics</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2022">Articles needing additional references from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Urdu-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Urdu-language text">Articles containing Urdu-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_the_year_an_event_occurred_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles needing the year an event occurred from January 2015">Articles needing the year an event occurred from January 2015</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 October 2024, at 19:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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