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<td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:ITUlogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/thumb/5/5e/ITUlogo.png/150px-ITUlogo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/images/thumb/5/5e/ITUlogo.png/225px-ITUlogo.png 1.5x, /images/thumb/5/5e/ITUlogo.png/300px-ITUlogo.png 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="640"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Industry: </td> <td>Internet Governance </td></tr> <tr> <td>Founded: </td> <td>1865 </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" width="65px">Headquarters: </td> <td>Place des Nations<br>1211 Geneva 20 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Country: </td> <td>Switzerland </td></tr> <tr> <td>Facebook: </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/ITU/114568721893658">ITU Facebook</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LinkedIn: </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/international-telecommunication-union">ITU LinkedIn</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Twitter: </td> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/File:TwitterIcon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/images/2/24/TwitterIcon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16"></a></span><a class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/ITU_News">@ITU_News</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ADDFFF;">Key People </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/index.php?title=Houlin_Zhao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Houlin Zhao (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow">Houlin Zhao</a>, Secretary-General<br> <p><a href="/index.php?title=Malcolm_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm Johnson (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow">Malcolm Johnson</a>, Deputy Secretary-General </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>International Telecommunication Union (<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>)</b> is a leading agency of the United Nations, handling information and communication technology issues. It is also the most important agency for private sectors and governments all across the world in developing networks and services. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> is dedicated to connecting the entire world through various means of communications.<sup id="cite_ref-link1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> dates back to the nineteenth century. It was founded in 1865 in Paris as the International Telegraph Union. It took up its current name in 1934, and officially became a part of the United Nations (UN) in 1947. It is one of the oldest international organizations in the UN. Since its establishment, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> has facilitated the information and communications industry in many ways, from the invention of the electric telegraph in 1837 to organizing worldwide and regional exhibitions and forums, to bringing together government representatives from all around the world to share their knowledge, ideas and technology for the benefit of the global community, especially the developing world.<sup id="cite_ref-link1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-link2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections">Elections</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Elections" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Elections"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In October 2022, of the 193 <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> Member States, 172 voted in a secret ballot and elected Doreen Bogdan-Martin of the United States with 139 votes against Rashid Ismailov's 25.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mission">Mission</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mission" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mission"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Ensuring the growth and sustainable development of the information and telecommunications network is the main mission of <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>. It also supports universal access to technology for all people, so that they are able to participate as well as benefit from the evolving information society and global economy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Membership">Membership</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Membership" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Membership"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> welcomes governments as well as private organizations. Governments may join the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> as Member States, whereas organizations can join the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> as Sector Members.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> has 192 Member States and 535 Sector Members,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> a forum wherein governments and private sector players can come together and discuss policy frameworks as well as set agendas that would have a substantial impact on global business in the future. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="ITU_Sectors"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> Sectors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ITU Sectors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: ITU Sectors"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> comprises of four sectors: Standardization, Radio Communication, Development, and <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> Telecom. Each of these sectors specializes in policy-related or technical issues in their area of interest. Each sector is led by a director who reports directly to the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> Deputy Secretary General and the Secretary General.<sup id="cite_ref-link4_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Standardization:</b> This sector of the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> is responsible for the production of sophisticated and globally accepted telecommunication standards and related documents that are not under the purview of the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> Radio-communication Sector.<sup id="cite_ref-link4_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Radio-communication:</b> This sector is charged with managing satellite resources and international radio-frequency spectrum.<sup id="cite_ref-link1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also studies and provides necessary recommendations on issues related to radio communication, ensures effective allocation of radio frequency system bands, works towards eliminating the interference between radio stations of different countries, and enhances the use of geostationary satellite orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-link4_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Development sector:</b> This sector sees to it that there is equal, affordable, and sustainable access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). </p><p><b><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> Telecom:</b> This sector works towards bringing together the top names among the ICT industry.<sup id="cite_ref-link4_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-link4-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span id="World_Conference_on_International_Telecommunications_.28WCIT.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="World_Conference_on_International_Telecommunications_(WCIT)">World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT)</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT)"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>From December 3rd to December 14th, 2012, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> is holding the <a href="/WCIT" class="mw-redirect" title="WCIT">World Conference on International Telecommunications</a> (WCIT) in Dubai. Government representatives from 178 nations around the world will be working to renegotiate the <i><a href="/ITR" title="ITR">International Telecommunications Regulations</a></i> (ITR), an information and communications treaty that outlines rules for how traffic should flow between telecom networks and how to calculate charges for traffic between different international carriers interfacing with one another. The treaty has not been updated since its signing in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the goals of the updated treaty, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> has said that it hopes to ensure "the free flow of information around the world, promoting affordable and equitable access for all and laying the foundation for ongoing innovation and market growth".<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Any changes to the treaty must have unanimous support, as the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> does not traditionally use a voting system, and that, "Whatever one single country does not accept will not pass." However, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>'s Secretary-General <a href="/index.php?title=Hamadoun_Toure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamadoun Toure (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow">Hamadoun Toure</a> noted to the BBC that if there were serious disagreements a majority vote may be required.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One major aspect of the treaty could include a possible shift in internet governance structures, which may change them from regulation under a U.S.-based group like <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> to a more global organization.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toure also stated that it was the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>'s goal to work with <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a> rather than take all responsibilities from it.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="ITU_.26_Google"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="ITU_&_Google"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> & Google</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: ITU & Google" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: ITU & Google"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p><a href="/Google" title="Google">Google</a> has been vocal about their opposition to <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>'s control of the internet and has launched a <i>Take Action</i> campaign in response. The <i>Take Action</i> website states, "A free and open world depends on a free and open Internet... But not all governments support the free and open internet.." They note that forty-two countries filter and censor content, and say of the December <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> meeting that, "Some of these governments are trying to use a closed-door meeting in December to regulate the internet... Proposed changes to the treaty could increase censorship and threaten innovation." Google's main criticisms of the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> are that it is a "secretive" organization with confidential conferences and proposals, which are open only to governments and not to the general public. Google states that "Internet policy should work like the Internet -- open and inclusive."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="ITU_.26_Individual_Governments"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="ITU_&_Individual_Governments"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> & Individual Governments</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: ITU & Individual Governments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: ITU & Individual Governments"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>Other opponents include the European Parliament, which published a resolution stating that such a change could "negatively impact the internet, its architecture, operations, content and security, business relations, internet governance and the free flow of information online",<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the U.S. government. The U.S. ambassador to the conference, <a href="/index.php?title=Terry_Kramer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terry Kramer (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow">Terry Kramer</a>, said in a statement, "The US is concerned that proposals by some other governments could lead to greater regulatory burdens being placed on the international telecom sector, or perhaps even extended to the internet sector... The United States also believes that existing multi-stakeholder institutions, incorporating industry and civil society, have functioned effectively and will continue to ensure the health and growth of the internet and all its benefits."<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 2nd, 2012, the US government issued a statement in support of <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>, signed by <a href="/Larry_Strickling" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Strickling">Lawrence E. Strickling</a> of <a href="/NTIA" class="mw-redirect" title="NTIA">NTIA</a>, Julius Genachowski of the <a href="/FCC" class="mw-redirect" title="FCC">FCC</a>, and Phillip L. Verveer of the State Department. They stated: "The Internet’s decentralized, multistakeholder processes enable us all to benefit from the engagement of all interested parties. By encouraging the participation of industry, civil society, technical and academic experts, and governments from around the globe, multistakeholder processes result in broader and more creative problem-solving. This is essential when dealing with the Internet, which thrives through the cooperation of many different parties... Our commitment to the multistakeholder model is based on the fact that transparency, inclusion, and participation are the 21st-century standards governing discussions related to modern communications. This is a view shared by many around the world and was most recently reiterated by a statement of civil society members and groups from around the world who participated in the “Best Bits” pre-<a href="/IGF" title="IGF">Internet Governance Forum</a> (<a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="78f3eb6c6ee96ee8243f204dff856e7a">IGF</a>) meeting held earlier this month in Baku, Azerbaijan. The U.S. Government wishes to lend its support to the spirit of the recommendations contained in the statement."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proponents may include the Russian government, who stated in a November 17th, 2012 letter that, "Member states shall have equal rights to manage the internet, including in regard to the allotment, assignment and reclamation of internet numbering, naming, addressing and identification resources and to support for the operation and development of basic internet infrastructure."<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="ITU_.26_WCITLeaks"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="ITU_&_WCITLeaks"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> & WCITLeaks</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: ITU & WCITLeaks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: ITU & WCITLeaks"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> does not openly publish submissions from its meetings and leaves it up to individual states to decide what material they wish to release.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcnews-2_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, <a href="/index.php?title=WCITLeaks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WCITLeaks (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow">WCITLeaks</a>, a website similar to WikiLeaks but related exclusively to the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> and <a href="/WCIT" class="mw-redirect" title="WCIT">WCIT</a>, aims to bring transparency to the UN organization by encouraging those in possession of documents to publish them anonymously.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Relation_to_ICANN">Relation to ICANN</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Relation to ICANN" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Relation to ICANN"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In 2005, the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> signed an <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="02ecf68d47b60d5fe59e5b09a98c81b3">MoU</a> with <a href="/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>, which superseded and suspended an earlier <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="02ecf68d47b60d5fe59e5b09a98c81b3">MoU</a> that ICANN had with the <a href="/DOC" class="mw-redirect" title="DOC">U.S. Department of Commerce</a> (DOC). The main motive behind signing the <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="02ecf68d47b60d5fe59e5b09a98c81b3">MoU</a> with <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> was that ICANN wanted to adopt some of <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>'s proven practices, such as charging for access to documents and membership in order to make up for publication costs, which would ultimately help to ease budget pressures.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Plenipotentiary_Conference_2022">Plenipotentiary Conference 2022</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Plenipotentiary Conference 2022" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Plenipotentiary Conference 2022"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>From September 30 through October 14, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> held its Plenipotentiary. several Internet-related resolutions were renegotiated, including:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Resolution 101: Internet Protocol-based networks</li> <li>Resolution 102: <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>’s role in international public policy issues pertaining to the Internet and the management of Internet resources (domain names and addresses)</li> <li>Resolution 130: Strengthening the role of <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a> in building confidence and security in the use of information and communication technologies</li> <li>Resolution 133: Role of administrations of Member States in the management of <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="7b8aa09e29c3ca63a074cd31e73db594">IDNs</a></li> <li>Resolution 180: Promoting deployment and adoption of IPv6 to facilitate the transition from IPv4 to IPv6</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/index.php?title=International_Telecommunication_Union&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>edit source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div style="font-size:.9em;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-link1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link1_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link1_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link1_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/net/about/index.aspx">About</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>.int.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-link2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-link2_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/en/history/overview/Pages/history.aspx">History</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>.int.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/10/05/itu-and-the-future-of-the-internet/">ITU and the future of the internet, This Day Live, 10/5/22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/net/about/mission.aspx">Mission</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>.int.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/net/about/membership.aspx">Membership</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>.int.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/members/index.html">Members</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="mw-lingo-term" data-lingo-term-id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3">ITU</a>.int.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-link4-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link4_7-0">7.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link4_7-1">7.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link4_7-2">7.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-link4_7-3">7.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.tiaonline.org/gov_affairs/issues/intl_advocacy/itu.cfm">International Telecommunication Union</a>, TIAOnline.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews-3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-3_8-0">8.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-3_8-1">8.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20429625">Google attacks UN's internet treaty conference</a>, BBCNews.com. Published 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews-1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-1_9-0">9.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-1_9-1">9.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-1_9-2">9.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20445637">European Parliament warns against UN internet control</a>, BBCNews.com. Published 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/22/google-says-itu-is-wrong-place-to-make-decisions-about-the-futu/">Google says ITU is 'the wrong place to make decisions about the future of the Internet'</a>, Engadget.com. Published 22 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcnews-2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-2_11-0">11.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-2_11-1">11.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bbcnews-2_11-2">11.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19106420">US resists control of internet passing to UN agency</a>, BBCNews.com. Published 7 August 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/intl/en/takeaction/whats-at-stake/">Take Action</a>, Google.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.thedomains.com/2012/12/02/on-eve-of-start-of-the-itu-meeting-in-dubai-the-us-makes-issues-a-statement-in-support-of-icann/">On Eve Of Start of The ITU Meeting In Dubai, The US Makes Issues A Statement In Support of ICANN</a>, TheDomains.com. Published 2 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://files.wcitleaks.org/public/Russia%2040.pdf">Russian Federation</a>, WCITLeaks.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://wcitleaks.org/">WCITLeaks.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="http://www.icannwatch.org/article.pl?sid=05/04/01/1423239">ICANN, ITU merge</a>, ICANNWatch.org.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external text" href="https://75.schedule.icann.org/meetings/WHNr6s5vP5Toqu7TC">Geopolitical Legislation Updates, ICANN 75</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="271c375766c6387ce244b8534e37c1e3"><div class="mw-lingo-definition navigation-not-searchable"><div class="mw-lingo-definition-text"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">International Telecommunication Union</a> </p> </div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="78f3eb6c6ee96ee8243f204dff856e7a"><div class="mw-lingo-definition navigation-not-searchable"><div class="mw-lingo-definition-text"> <p><a href="/Internet_Governance_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Governance Forum">Internet Governance Forum</a> </p> </div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" id="02ecf68d47b60d5fe59e5b09a98c81b3"><div class="mw-lingo-definition navigation-not-searchable"><div class="mw-lingo-definition-text"> <p><a href="/Memorandum_of_Understanding" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorandum of Understanding">Memorandum of Understanding</a> </p> </div></div> </div><div class="mw-lingo-tooltip" 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