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Transformative social change - Wikipedia
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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Transformative+social+change%22">"Transformative social change"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Transformative+social+change%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Transformative+social+change%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Transformative+social+change%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Transformative+social+change%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Transformative+social+change%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Citations_broken plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b> uses <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">citations</a> that <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">link to broken or outdated sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit">improve the article</a></span> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:LR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:LR">addressing link rot</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Transformative_social_change" title="Talk:Transformative social change">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Transformative social change</b> is a philosophical, practical and strategic process to affect revolutionary change within society, i.e., <a href="/wiki/Social_transformation" title="Social transformation">social transformation</a>. It is effectively a <a href="/wiki/Systems_approach" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems approach">systems approach</a> applied to broad-based <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">social change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> efforts to catalyze sociocultural, socioeconomic and political <a href="/wiki/Revolution" title="Revolution">revolution</a>. In seeking to integrate and then politicize <a href="/wiki/Personal_development" title="Personal development">personal development</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">social development</a> as an overarching approach to social change at multiple levels, addressing a wide range of issues, using holistic, nonviolent methods,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it may be best classified as a <a href="/wiki/New_social_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="New social movement">new social movement</a>. Rather than focus on particular issue(s), it seeks to impact the culture of left of center social movement and organizing work. However, by considering the dismantling of and liberation from oppressive systems, including economic, as core to its goal, it defies even definitions put forth for new social movements. As a comprehensive approach to progressive social change, it distinguishes itself from the "ordinary" change of conventional social change, social justice, and their respective organizing practices by placing emphasis on personal, organizational and social systemic change that cannot be undone, or "deep change". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions_and_components">Definitions and components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions and components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A key premise defining transformative social change is that "the ends of justice can never be served by the means of injustice, even when the injustice is as subtle as the mental framework instilled by the quest for liberation." ("Change vs. Transformation" by <a href="/wiki/Angel_Kyodo_Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel Kyodo Williams">Angel Kyodo Williams</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williams further proposes that "because suffering cannot be alleviated by instigating suffering"; the conditions under which social justice activists and seekers operate within organizationally must exemplify the conditions they wish to ultimately see cultivated within society at large (also known as <a href="/wiki/Prefiguration_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefiguration (politics)">prefiguration (politics)</a>). This ideal coincides with the quote often attributed to, but not said by, <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>: "You must be the change you wish to see in the world."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seeking to better define and cohere the emerging and evolving work of transformative social change, a People's Movement Assembly process was held at the 2010 <a href="/wiki/US_Social_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="US Social Forum">US Social Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, in which the following framework for defining transformation was agreed to by way of resolution: </p><p>~Transformation, as applied to social change, is a process through which who we are – individually or collectively – is changed so deeply that the following are altered: </p> <ul><li>identity (way of seeing/thinking/reflecting upon ourselves and environment),</li> <li>emotions (range of feelings and reactivity,)</li> <li>embodiment (relationship and connectedness to and within our bodies and how we show up,)</li> <li>actions (behaviors, patterned responses,)</li> <li>creativity (capacity for responsiveness and ability to access resources,) and</li> <li>paradigms (overall perspective and mode of operating.)</li></ul> <p>Further, the work of transformation requires the following components: </p> <ul><li>Awareness of the default conditioning, habits and reactions in our individual, organizational and movement experience.</li> <li>Appreciation of old identities and states as they pass away and an understanding of the experience of crisis, breakdown, “undone-ness,” or “not-knowing” as a necessary catalyst that moves us toward new identities and states. People and entities can and must be supported in these periods.</li> <li>A container at the individual, organizational and movement levels; practices that support the process, and a commitment to mentoring people into the necessary skills and processes.</li> <li>A sustainable relationship with the whole web of life.</li></ul> <p>~ Transformation can and does consist of multi-disciplinary practices, modalities and paths, but overall it points toward the centrality of consistent, rigorous practice capable of undoing conditioning. Such a practice must effect systemic changes, internal and external. We refer to the broad spectrum of varied modalities as transformative practices. </p><p>~ Transformation happens in its own time and it can't be undone. We expect processes of transformation, as distinct from change, to be inclined towards being irreversible. </p><p>~ In the transformation process, one identity or self passes away and a new, radically altered one emerges. The new way of being is more integrated, resourceful and aligned. This is apparent to others in your presence, your actions and your increased capacity to respond based on vision, rather than reaction. This process repeats itself and deepens through continued engagement in transformative practices and processes. The old, previous “form” sheds again and new emerges again. </p><p>~ The methods and philosophy of transformation must be rooted in an explicit analysis of oppression. <br /> ~ We recognize that this work is grounded in ancient wisdom, lineages and history, and that it is entering a new phase of coherence that allows us to move forward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcomes_sought">Outcomes sought</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Outcomes sought"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Applied transformation leads to the following outcomes: </p> <ul><li>Radically increases awareness, clarity and comfort with direct experience what is so.</li> <li>Instigates breakthroughs in ways of knowing, thinking and accessing creativity.</li> <li>Impacts personal character of individuals in a way that is observable, felt and experienced by others.</li> <li>Increases ability to respond from a place of vision and compassion, rather than personal ego and self-interest.</li> <li>Increases capacity for skillfulness with and practice of: presence, authenticity and interdependence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grants_and_awards">Grants and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Grants and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2009, the Seasons Fund for Social Transformation, a funding collaborative of representatives from small to large foundations, including W. W. <a href="/wiki/Kellogg_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kellogg Foundation">Kellogg Foundation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a>, Hidden Leaf Fund, <a href="/wiki/Fetzer_Institute" title="Fetzer Institute">Fetzer Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Funds_for_Justice" title="Jewish Funds for Justice">Jewish Funds for Justice</a>, Seeds of Justice, <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitarian Universalist">Unitarian Universalist</a> Veatch Program and small family funds held an inaugural Transformative Leadership Awards and awarded six collaborative teams $30,000 and two finalists $5,000 for their work in the field.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Transformative social change is influenced by the work of social movements led by individuals that are viewed as attending to both their personal or spiritual development as well as systemic social issues because of the "realization that action is not enough":<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Elk" title="Black Elk">Black Elk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thich_Nhat_Hanh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thich Nhat Hanh">Thich Nhat Hanh</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_work">Related work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Related work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, scholars Raymond Allen Morrow and Carlos Alberto Torres used the phrase <i>transformative social change</i> as part of the subtitle in their book <i>Reading Freire and Habermas: Critical Pedagogy and Transformative Social Change</i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a term to convey the intersection between <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Critical_pedagogy" title="Critical pedagogy">critical pedagogy</a> and <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a>' critical social theory, and the implications those convergences have for educational practice. However, the term is never specifically defined in the book, nor is any distinct theory set </p><p>The phrase is being applied<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (May 2016)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> as a social change field and movement in which developing inner awareness and nurturing one's inner life, i.e., personal development, is seen as essential in effective social justice work. This is taken to mean from an aligned, sustainable, and nonviolent place. It seeks to operationalize, in practical terms, the ideal of embodiment of the future desired state, in other words, to actualize <a href="/wiki/Gandhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi">Gandhi</a>'s exhortation to "be the change." </p><p>While transformative social change has evolved to include secular practices with no specific spiritual ties, its emphasis on collective liberation shares history, principles and proponents with <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_activism" title="Spiritual activism">spiritual activism</a> and liberation spirituality.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Likewise, it shares principles of <a href="/wiki/Transformative_learning" title="Transformative learning">transformative learning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transformative_justice" title="Transformative justice">transformative justice</a>, Examples of "transformative practice" include: yoga, meditation, centering prayer, tai chi, forward stance and types of somatic practices. </p><p>Transformative community organizing is being taught in university courses, in fields such as social work, community health, sociology, and other service learning classes. Scholars such as Loretta Pyles have offered a transformative organizing framework, grounded in feminist social change work, and affirming a practice of collective and self-inquiry based on meditative traditions and social movement practices, such as popular education.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transformative_justice" title="Transformative justice">Transformative justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformative_learning" title="Transformative learning">Transformative learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transformative_social_change&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/a/deepchangegathering.org/home/">Deep Change Gathering: <i>Transforming the Practice of Social Justice</i></a>, Gathering, <a href="/wiki/Asheville" class="mw-redirect" title="Asheville">Asheville</a>, NC, June 5–7, 2009 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151211162201/https://sites.google.com/a/deepchangegathering.org/home/">Archived</a> 2015-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWilliamsGass,_RobertHorwitz,_ClaudiaVega-Frey,_Jesse2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angel_Kyodo_Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Angel Kyodo Williams">Williams, Angel Kyodo</a>; Gass, Robert; Horwitz, Claudia; Vega-Frey, Jesse; Maina, Ng'ethe; Haines, Staci K.; Movement Strategy Center (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/xsochange/docs/framingdeepchange"><i>Framing Deep Change: Essays on Transformative Social Change</i></a>. Third Way Press. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9828845-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9828845-0-8"><bdi>978-0-9828845-0-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+Deep+Change%3A+Essays+on+Transformative+Social+Change&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Third+Way+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9828845-0-8&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Angel+Kyodo&rft.au=Gass%2C+Robert&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+Claudia&rft.au=Vega-Frey%2C+Jesse&rft.au=Maina%2C+Ng%27ethe&rft.au=Haines%2C+Staci+K.&rft.au=Movement+Strategy+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fxsochange%2Fdocs%2Fframingdeepchange&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransformative+social+change" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" class="extiw" title="q:Mahatma Gandhi">"Mahatma Gandhi" Wikiquote</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton2011" class="citation news cs1">Morton, Brian (August 29, 2011). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/opinion/falser-words-were-never-spoken.html">"Falser Words Were Never Spoken"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Falser+Words+Were+Never+Spoken&rft.date=2011-08-29&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F08%2F30%2Fopinion%2Ffalser-words-were-never-spoken.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransformative+social+change" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pma2010.org/node/237"><i>Defining Transformation for Social Change</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100720200008/http://pma2010.org/node/237">Archived</a> 2010-07-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 2010 <a href="/wiki/US_Social_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="US Social Forum">US Social Forum</a> People's Movement Assembly, Detroit, MI – June 22–26, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091231151157/http://seasonsfund.org/?page_id=12">"Transformative Leadership Awards, 2009"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seasonsfund.org/?page_id=12">the original</a> on 2009-12-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Transformative+Leadership+Awards%2C+2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseasonsfund.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransformative+social+change" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712125512/http://seasonsfund.org/?page_id=16">"Seasons Fund website"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seasons+Fund+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseasonsfund.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransformative+social+change" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reading Freire and Habermas: Critical Pedagogy and Transformative Social Change</i>, Teachers College Press, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8077-4202-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8077-4202-3">0-8077-4202-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claudia Horwitz & Jesse Maceo Vega-Frey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berkana.org/articles/spiritual_activism.htm"><i>Spiritual Activism and Liberation Spirituality: Pathways To Collective Liberation</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101223074950/http://www.berkana.org/articles/spiritual_activism.htm">Archived</a> 2010-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pyles, L. 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