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<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ca.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federats"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Canal de sindicació Atom Viquipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Canvis_recents&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Federats rootpage-Federats skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Federats" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Federats" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Federats" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Federats" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Roma_antiga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roma_antiga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Roma antiga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roma_antiga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Imperi_Romà" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperi_Romà"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Imperi Romà</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperi_Romà-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Federats</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 37 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="فيوديراتي - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فيوديراتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC)" title="Федэраты (Старажытны Рым) - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Федэраты (Старажытны Рым)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Федерати - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Федерати" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederatus" title="Foederatus - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Foederatus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederaten" title="Foederaten - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Foederaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Φοιδεράτοι - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φοιδεράτοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فدرالتی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فدرالتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederatus" title="Foederatus - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Foederatus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peuple_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Peuple fédéré - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peuple fédéré" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1" title="פוידרטוס - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוידרטוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federati" title="Federati - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Federati" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4)" title="Ֆեդերատներ (Հին Հռոմ) - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆեդերատներ (Հին Հռոմ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederatus" title="Foederatus - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Foederatus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socii_e_foederati" title="Socii e foederati - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Socii e foederati" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%87%E3%83%A9%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="フォエデラティ - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォエデラティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%8D%B0%EB%9D%BC%ED%8B%B0" title="포이데라티 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포이데라티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federados_(Roma_Antiga)" title="Federados (Roma Antiga) - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Federados (Roma Antiga)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Федераты (Древний Рим) - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федераты (Древний Рим)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Федераты - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Федераты" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federati" title="Federati - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Federati" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Федерати - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Федерати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Foederati" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Федерати - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Федерати" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foederatus" title="Foederatus - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Foederatus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC)" title="联盟 (古罗马) - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="联盟 (古罗马)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q129224#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Federats" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussi%C3%B3:Federats&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina (encara no existeix) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Federats"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Federats"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Federats" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que 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href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMestre_i_Campi1992«visigots»-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LGEC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGEC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>foederati</i>) eren, en els primers temps de la història de l'antiga <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana">República Romana</a>, qualsevol tribu que hagués subscrit a un tractat (<i>foedus</i>), que no era ni colònia romana ni se li havia concedit la ciutadania romana (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Civitas (encara no existeix)">civitas</a></i>), però de la que s'esperava que proporcionés un contingent de soldats quan hi hagués problemes. Es considerava als latini aliats de sang dels romans, però la resta eren federats o socii. </p><p>Procedeix doncs de la paraula llatina <i>foedus</i>, que designa a un tractat solemne i vinculant d'assistència mútua a perpetuïtat entre Roma i una altra nació. Al seu torn, la paraula ha passat a les llengües romanços actuals, en les veus federació i els seus derivats, com per exemple «federalisme». </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roma_antiga">Roma antiga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Roma antiga"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durant la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana">República Romana</a>, les friccions originades per les obligacions subjacents a aquests tractats sense els corresponents beneficis de ciudadaníad van conduir a una guerra social entre els romans, amb pocs aliats propers, i aquests socii desafectes. </p><p>Una llei de l'any 90 aC, <a href="/wiki/Julia_de_civitate_italis" class="mw-redirect" title="Julia de civitate italis">Julia de civitate italis</a>, va oferir la ciutadania romana als estats federats que acceptessin les condicions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No totes les ciutats (per exemple, Heraclea i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A0pols" title="Nàpols">Nàpols</a>) estaven preparades per incorporar-se a la república romana en qualitat de ciutadans. Més enllà d'Itàlia romanien molts altres federats, entre els que podem destacar: <a href="/wiki/Gades" class="mw-redirect" title="Gades">Gades</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cadis" title="Cadis">Cadis</a>) o <a href="/wiki/%C3%88busus" class="mw-redirect" title="Èbusus">Èbusus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eivissa_(municipi)" title="Eivissa (municipi)">Eivissa (municipi)</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Espanya" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> i <a href="/wiki/Massalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Massalia">Massalia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marsella" title="Marsella">Marsella</a>) a <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imperi_Romà"><span id="Imperi_Rom.C3.A0"></span>Imperi Romà</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Imperi Romà"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Posteriorment, ja en la plenitud de l'<a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi Romà</a>, a partir del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span>, el terme <i>foederati</i> es va estendre pel costum romà de subvencionar les tribus bàrbares -que incloïen als attacotti, francs, vàndals, alans, i els més coneguts, els visigots- a canvi de proporcionar soldats per lluitar en l'exèrcit romà. Així, per exemple, Alaric I va començar la seva carrera liderant una banda de federats gots. </p><p>Al principi, el subsidi romà es concedia en forma de diners o d'aliments, però quan els ingressos per impostos van disminuir en els segles <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iv</span> i <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span>, els federats dels <a href="/wiki/Pobles_germ%C3%A0nics" class="mw-redirect" title="Pobles germànics">pobles germànics</a> van ser situats en hisendes locals, la qual cosa va acabar sent el mateix que establir-se en territori romà. Amb el temps, els grans terratinents locals que vivien en províncies frontereres distants (marques), en <i>villae</i> extenses i pràcticament autosuficients, van veure la seva lleialtat al poder central compromesa en aquestes situacions. Llavors, quan les lleialtats van començar a fraccionar-se i tornar més locals, l'Imperi va començar a esmicolar-se en territoris cada vegada més petits. </p><p>En el 376 els <a href="/wiki/Visigots" title="Visigots">visigots</a> van sol·licitar a l'emperador Valent instal·lar-se a la zona meridional del riu Danubi, i van ser acceptats en l'imperi com a federats. Dos anys més tard els visigots es van rebel·lar i van derrotar els romans en la <a href="/wiki/Batalla_d%27Adrian%C3%B2polis_(378)" title="Batalla d'Adrianòpolis (378)">batalla d'Adrianòpolis</a>. L'elevada pèrdua de mà d'obra militar va forçar l'Imperi Romà a confiar més en els federats. A la mort de l'emperador <a href="/wiki/Teodosi_I_el_Gran" title="Teodosi I el Gran">Teodosi I el Gran</a> en <a href="/wiki/395" title="395">395</a> tingué lloc la divisió nominal de l'Imperi Romà.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">v</span>, la força militar romana es basava gairebé totalment en unitats de federats. El <a href="/wiki/451" title="451">451</a>, l'hun <a href="/wiki/%C3%80tila" title="Àtila">Àtila</a> només va poder ser derrotat amb l'ajuda dels federats (que incloïen visigots i alans). L'<a href="/wiki/Ostrogot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostrogot">ostrogot</a> <a href="/wiki/Teodoric_el_Gran" title="Teodoric el Gran">Teodoric el Gran</a> fou nomenat comandant de les forces romanes orientals, mentre que el seu poble es va convertir en federat de l'exèrcit romà amb la condició de defensar la frontera del <a href="/wiki/Danubi" title="Danubi">Danubi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/475" title="475">475</a> va morir Teodemir i Teodoric fou proclamat rei. Els federats van donar el cop de gràcia al moribund <a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Occident" title="Imperi Romà d'Occident">Imperi Romà d'Occident</a> el 476, quan el seu cabdill <a href="/wiki/Odoacre" title="Odoacre">Odoacre</a> va deposar-ne l'emperador, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B2mul_Aug%C3%BAstul" title="Ròmul Augústul">Ròmul Augústul</a>. </p><p>Al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">vi</span>, la relació entre els federats i la resta de l'<a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_rom%C3%A0" title="Exèrcit romà">exèrcit romà</a> havia evolucionat. Els federats ja no hi servien com a forma de submissió, sinó com a iguals, i rebien el mateix sou i el mateix entrenament que els soldats romans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201310_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201310-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColl_i_Alentorn1992156-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColl_i_Alentorn1992156_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColl_i_Alentorn1992">Coll i Alentorn, 1992</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMestre_i_Campi1992«visigots»-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMestre_i_Campi1992«visigots»_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMestre_i_Campi1992">Mestre i Campi, 1992</a>, «visigots».</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGEC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-LGEC_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/invasions-barbares">invasions bàrbares</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>.  <a href="/wiki/Grup_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana">Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>. [Consulta: 26 gener 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKeaveney1987"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Keaveney</span>, Arthur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?id=ojoOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA170&dq=lex+Julia+de+civitate&as_brr=3&client=firefox-a&hl=ca&cd=1#v=onepage&q=lex%20Julia%20de%20civitate&f=false"><i>Rome and the unification of Italy</i></a> (en anglès).  Croom Helm, 1987, p.170. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-7099-3121-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-7099-3121-2">ISBN 0-7099-3121-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rome+and+the+unification+of+Italy&rft.aulast=Keaveney&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=1987&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.pages=p.170&rft.isbn=0-7099-3121-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DojoOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA170%26dq%3Dlex%2BJulia%2Bde%2Bcivitate%26as_brr%3D3%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hl%3Dca%26cd%3D1%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dlex%2520Julia%2520de%2520civitate%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMitchell2015"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mitchell</span>, S. <i>A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284–641</i> (en anglès). 2a edició.  Wiley-Blackwell, 2015, p. 94. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-118-31242-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-118-31242-1">ISBN 978-1-118-31242-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Later+Roman+Empire%2C+AD+284%E2%80%93641&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.date=2015&rft.edition=2a%C2%A0edici%C3%B3&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.pages=94&rft.isbn=978-1-118-31242-1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFrassetto2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Frassetto</span>, Michael. <i>Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation</i> (en anglès).  Santa Barbara, CA: <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>, 2003, p. 337. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-57607-263-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-57607-263-9">ISBN 978-1-57607-263-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Barbarian+Europe%3A+Society+in+Transformation&rft.aulast=Frassetto&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=%5B%5BABC-CLIO%5D%5D&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pages=337&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-263-9"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrawford201310-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrawford201310_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrawford2013">Crawford, 2013</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFColl_i_Alentorn1992"><a href="/wiki/Miquel_Coll_i_Alentorn" title="Miquel Coll i Alentorn"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Coll i Alentorn</span>, M</a>. <i>Història</i>.  <a href="/wiki/Curial_Edicions_Catalanes" title="Curial Edicions Catalanes">Curial Edicions Catalanes</a> i <a href="/wiki/Publicacions_de_l%27Abadia_de_Montserrat" title="Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat">Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat</a>, 1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788478262991" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788478262991">ISBN 9788478262991</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hist%C3%B2ria&rft.aulast=Coll+i+Alentorn&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=%5B%5BCurial+Edicions+Catalanes%5D%5D+i+%5B%5BPublicacions+de+l%27Abadia+de+Montserrat%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9788478262991"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCrawford2013"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Crawford</span>, P. <i>The War of the Three Gods: Romans, Persians and the Rise of Islam</i> (en anglès).  Pen and Sword Books, 2013. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-84884-612-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-84884-612-8">ISBN 978-1-84884-612-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+of+the+Three+Gods%3A+Romans%2C+Persians+and+the+Rise+of+Islam&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Pen+and+Sword+Books&rft.isbn=978-1-84884-612-8"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMestre_i_Campi1992"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Mestre i Campi</span>, J. <i>Diccionari d'història de Catalunya</i>.  <a href="/wiki/Edicions_62" title="Edicions 62">Edicions 62</a>, 1992. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788429735215" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788429735215">ISBN 9788429735215</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionari+d%27hist%C3%B2ria+de+Catalunya&rft.aulast=Mestre+i+Campi&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992&rft.pub=%5B%5BEdicions+62%5D%5D&rft.isbn=9788429735215"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27unitats_de_l%27ex%C3%A8rcit_rom%C3%A0" title="Llista d'unitats de l'exèrcit romà">Llista d'unitats de l'exèrcit romà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socis" title="Socis">Socis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federats&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Foederatae_Civitates.html">George Long, "Foederati civitates" (inglés). An essay by a 19th-century Roman law scholar.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/">Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, 1898: Foederati</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federats&oldid=34255643">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Federats&oldid=34255643</a>»</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Aliats_romans" title="Categoria:Aliats romans">Aliats romans</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Dret_rom%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Dret romà">Dret romà</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 18 nov 2024 a les 08:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El text està disponible sota la <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Text_de_la_llic%C3%A8ncia_de_Creative_Commons_Reconeixement-Compartir_Igual_4.0_No_adaptada" title="Viquipèdia:Text de la llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement-Compartir Igual 4.0 No adaptada"> Llicència de Creative Commons Reconeixement i Compartir-Igual</a>; es poden aplicar termes addicionals. 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