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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accessories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Accessories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Heavy_arquebus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heavy_arquebus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Heavy arquebus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heavy_arquebus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flintlock_musket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flintlock_musket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Flintlock musket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flintlock_musket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-South_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>South Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.5</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_Eurasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_Eurasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Outside Eurasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_Eurasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_by_the_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_by_the_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Replacement by the rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_by_the_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tactics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tactics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Countermarch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countermarch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Countermarch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Countermarch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_infantry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_infantry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Light infantry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_infantry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attack_column" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attack_column"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Attack column</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attack_column-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Musket</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="مسكيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسكيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquete" title="Mosquete – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mosquete" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%9Fket" title="Muşket – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Muşket" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мушкет – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мушкет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мускет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мускет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousked" title="Mousked – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mousked" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquet" title="Mosquet – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mosquet" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%A1keta" title="Mušketa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mušketa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musket" title="Musket – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Musket" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskete" title="Muskete – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muskete" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee%CA%BCeld%C7%AB%C7%ABh" title="Beeʼeldǫǫh – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Beeʼeldǫǫh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musket" title="Musket – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Musket" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%BF" title="Μουσκέτο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μουσκέτο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquete" title="Mosquete – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mosquete" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskedo" title="Muskedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muskedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskete" title="Moskete – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Moskete" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%81%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="تفنگ فتیله‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تفنگ فتیله‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousquet" title="Mousquet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mousquet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscaed" title="Muscaed – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Muscaed" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%B7" title="머스킷 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="머스킷" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%BF" title="Մուշկետ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մուշկետ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%A1keta" title="Mušketa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mušketa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musketo" title="Musketo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Musketo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapan_lontak" title="Senapan lontak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Senapan lontak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framhla%C3%B0ningur" title="Framhlaðningur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Framhlaðningur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moschetto" title="Moschetto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Moschetto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%98_(%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94)" title="מוסקט (רובה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסקט (רובה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мушкет – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мушкет" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huske" title="Huske – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Huske" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquetum" title="Mosquetum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mosquetum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskete" title="Muskete – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Muskete" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%A1kieta" title="Muškieta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Muškieta" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk%C3%A9ta" title="Muskéta – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Muskéta" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мускета – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мускета" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senapang_lantak" title="Senapang lantak – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senapang lantak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musket" title="Musket – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Musket" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E9%8A%83" title="マスケット銃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マスケット銃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskett" title="Muskett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Muskett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskett" title="Muskett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Muskett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquet" title="Mosquet – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mosquet" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9F" title="ਮਸਕੀਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਸਕੀਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85" title="تفنگ قدیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تفنگ قدیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousket" title="Mousket – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mousket" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muszkiet" title="Muszkiet – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muszkiet" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquete" title="Mosquete – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mosquete" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muschet%C4%83" title="Muschetă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Muschetă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мушкет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мушкет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushqet%C3%AB_(arm%C3%AB)" title="Mushqetë (armë) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mushqetë (armë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musket" title="Musket – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Musket" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%A1keta" title="Mušketa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mušketa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C5%A1keta" title="Mušketa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mušketa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%95" title="عوسکە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عوسکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мускета – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мускета" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musketa" title="Musketa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Musketa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musketti" title="Musketti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Musketti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk%C3%B6t" title="Musköt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Musköt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="தெறாடி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெறாடி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2" title="ปืนคาบศิลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปืนคาบศิลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misket_t%C3%BCfe%C4%9Fi" title="Misket tüfeği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Misket tüfeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Мушкет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мушкет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%DA%91%DB%92_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82" title="توڑے دار بندوق – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="توڑے دار بندوق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Muzzle-loaded long gun (firearm)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the long gun. For the racehorse, see <a href="/wiki/Musket_(horse)" title="Musket (horse)">Musket (horse)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Muskets" redirects here. For the rock band from Brighton, England, see <a href="/wiki/Muskets_(band)" title="Muskets (band)">Muskets (band)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Turk(36).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg/250px-Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg/330px-Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg/500px-Grand_Turk%2836%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Muskets and <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonets</a> aboard the <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile_du_Roy" title="Étoile du Roy">Grand Turk</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>musket</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Muzzle-loaded" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle-loaded">muzzle-loaded</a> <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">long gun</a> that appeared as a <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> weapon in the early 16th century, at first as a heavier variant of the <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a>, capable of penetrating <a href="/wiki/Plate_armour" title="Plate armour">plate armour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-16th century, this type of musket gradually disappeared as the use of heavy armour declined, but <i>musket</i> continued as the generic term for smoothbore long guns until the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In turn, this style of musket was retired in the 19th century when <a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">rifled muskets</a> (simply called rifles in modern terminology) using the <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a> (invented by <a href="/wiki/Claude-%C3%89tienne_Mini%C3%A9" title="Claude-Étienne Minié">Claude-Étienne Minié</a> in 1849) became common.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading">breech-loading</a> firearms using self-contained <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a> (introduced by <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Lefaucheux" title="Casimir Lefaucheux">Casimir Lefaucheux</a> in 1835) and the first reliable <a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">repeating rifles</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Repeating_Arms_Company" title="Winchester Repeating Arms Company">Winchester Repeating Arms Company</a> in 1860 also led to their demise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200415,_17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200415,_17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the time that repeating rifles became common, they were known as simply "rifles", ending the era of the musket. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, firearms were often named after animals, and the word musket derived from the French word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mousquette</i></span>, which is a male <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Sparrowhawk" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Sparrowhawk">sparrowhawk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative theory is that derives from the 16th-century French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">mousquet, -ette</i></span>, from the Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">moschetti, -etta</i></span>, meaning the bolt of a <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbow</a>. The Italian <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">moschetti</i></span> is a diminutive of <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">mosca</i></span>, a fly.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminology">Terminology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first recorded usage of the term "musket" or <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">moschetti</i></span> appeared in Europe in the year 1499.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Evidence of the musket as a type of firearm does not appear until 1521 when it was used to describe a heavy <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> capable of penetrating heavy armour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175–78_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200175–78-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version of the musket fell out of use after the mid-16th century with the decline of heavy armour;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986428_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986428-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the term itself stuck around as a general descriptor for "shoulder arms" fire weapons into the 19th century. The differences between the arquebus and musket post-16th century are therefore not entirely clear, and the two have been used interchangeably on several occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200361_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200361-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittle201039_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittle201039-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian David A. Parrot, the concept of the musket as a legitimate innovation is uncertain and may consist of nothing more than a name change.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers1995247_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers1995247-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parts_of_a_musket">Parts of a musket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parts of a musket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Musketparts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Musketparts.jpg/600px-Musketparts.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Musketparts.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">Trigger guards</a> began appearing in 1575.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986428_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986428-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonets</a> were attached to muskets in several parts of the world from the late 16th to 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986444_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986444-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986456_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986456-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986444_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986444-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Locks came in many different varieties. Early matchlock and <a href="/wiki/Wheel_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheel lock">wheel lock</a> mechanisms were replaced by later <a href="/wiki/Flintlock_mechanism" title="Flintlock mechanism">flintlock mechanisms</a> and finally <a href="/wiki/Percussion_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion lock">percussion locks</a>. In some parts of the world, such as China and Japan, the flintlock mechanism never caught on and they continued using matchlocks until the 19th century when percussion locks were introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986467_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986467-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the latter half of the 18th century, several improvements were added to the musket. In 1750, a <a href="/wiki/Detent" title="Detent">detent</a> was added to prevent the sear from catching in the half-cock notch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Roller_bearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller bearing">roller bearing</a> was introduced in 1770 to reduce friction and increase sparks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1780, waterproof pans were added.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The phrase "lock, stock, and barrel" refers to the three main parts of a musket.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ammunition">Ammunition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ammunition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gussform_verso.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gussform_verso.JPG/250px-Gussform_verso.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gussform_verso.JPG/330px-Gussform_verso.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Gussform_verso.JPG/500px-Gussform_verso.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1584" data-file-height="1268" /></a><figcaption>Iron ball mould</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje,_NG-1149.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje%2C_NG-1149.jpg/250px-Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje%2C_NG-1149.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje%2C_NG-1149.jpg/330px-Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje%2C_NG-1149.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje%2C_NG-1149.jpg/500px-Bandelier_met_kruitmaatjes_en_kogelzakje%2C_NG-1149.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4992" data-file-height="6666" /></a><figcaption>17th-century bandolier</figcaption></figure> <p>Sixteenth- and 17th-century musketeers used <a href="/wiki/Bandolier" title="Bandolier">bandoliers</a> which held their pre-measured charges and lead balls. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a>, which despite its name was actually bullet-shaped and not ball-shaped, was developed in the 1840s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Minié ball had an expanding skirt which was intended to be used with rifled barrels, leading to what was called the <a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">rifled musket</a>, which came into widespread use in the mid-19th century. The Minié ball was small enough in diameter that it could be loaded as quickly as a round ball, even with a barrel that had been fouled with black powder residue after firing many shots, and the expanding skirt of the Minié ball meant that it would still form a tight fit with the barrel and impart a good spin into the round when fired. This gave the rifled musket an effective range of several hundred yards, which was a significant improvement over the smooth bore musket. For example, combat ranges of 300 yd (270 m) were achievable using the rifled muskets during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Musketeers often used paper cartridges, which served a purpose similar to that of modern <a href="/wiki/Metallic_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metallic cartridge">metallic cartridges</a> in combining bullet and powder charge. A musket cartridge consisted of a pre-measured amount of black powder and ammunition such as a round ball, <a href="/wiki/Nessler_ball" title="Nessler ball">Nessler ball</a> or Minié ball all wrapped up in paper. Cartridges would then be placed in a cartridge box, which would typically be worn on the musketeer's belt during a battle. Unlike a modern cartridge, this paper cartridge was not simply loaded into the weapon and fired. Instead, the musketeer would tear open the paper (usually with his teeth), pour some of the powder into the pan and the rest into the barrel, follow it with the ammunition (and the paper as wadding if not using a Minié ball), then use the ramrod as normal to push it all into the barrel. While not as fast as loading a modern cartridge, this method did significantly speed up the loading process since the pre-measured charges meant that the musketeer did not have to carefully measure out the black powder with every shot.<sup id="cite_ref-Pritchard2003_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pritchard2003-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accessories">Accessories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Accessories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MusketAccessories.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/MusketAccessories.jpg/300px-MusketAccessories.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/MusketAccessories.jpg/450px-MusketAccessories.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/MusketAccessories.jpg 2x" data-file-width="569" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Display of tompion, ball puller, and worm as musket accessories</figcaption></figure> <p>Some ramrods were equipped with threaded ends, allowing different attachments to be used. One of the more common attachments was a ball screw or ball puller, which was a screw that could be screwed into the lead ball to remove it if it had become jammed in the barrel, similar to the way that a corkscrew is used to remove a wine cork. Another attachment was called a worm, which was used to clear debris from the barrel, such as paper wadding that had not been expelled. Some worm designs were sturdy enough that they could be used to remove stuck ammunition. The worm could also be used with a small piece of cloth for cleaning. A variation on the worm called the "screw and wiper" combined the typical design of a worm with a ball puller's screw.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">Arquebus</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">History of gunpowder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Gunpowder_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Gunpowder Age">Timeline of the Gunpowder Age</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg/250px-Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg/330px-Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg/500px-Fotothek_df_tg_0004653_Kriegskunde_%5E_Milit%C3%A4r_%5E_Waffe_%5E_Drill_%5E_Kavallerie_%5E_Muskete.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Heavy muskets, image produced 1664</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heavy_arquebus">Heavy arquebus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Heavy arquebus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The heavy <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> known as the musket appeared in Europe by 1521.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to firearms, thicker armour was produced, from 15 kg (33 lb 1 oz) in the 15th century to 25 kg (55 lb 2 oz) in the late 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2003916_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2003916-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Armour that was 2 mm (0.079 in) thick required nearly three times as much energy to penetrate as did armour that was only 1 mm (0.039 in) thick.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams2003936_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams2003936-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the siege of Parma in 1521, many Spanish soldiers reportedly used an "arquebus with rest", a weapon much larger and more powerful than the regular arquebus. However, at this point, long-barrelled, musket-calibre weapons had been in use as wall-defence weapons in Europe for almost a century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHall1997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHall1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2022)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Musketeer" title="Musketeer">musketeers</a> were the first infantry to give up armour entirely. Musketeers began to take cover behind walls or in sunken lanes and sometimes acted as <a href="/wiki/Skirmisher" title="Skirmisher">skirmishers</a> to take advantage of their ranged weapons. In England, the musket barrel was cut down from 4 ft (1.2 m) to 3 ft (0.91 m) around 1630.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of musketeers relative to pikemen increased partly because they were now more mobile than pikemen.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muskets of the 16th to 19th centuries were accurate enough to hit a target of 50 cm (20 in) in diameter at a distance of 100 m (330 ft). At the same distance, musket bullets could penetrate a steel bib about 4 mm (0.16 in) thick, or a wooden shield about 130 mm (5.1 in) thick. The maximum range of the bullet was 1,100 m (1,200 yd). The speed of the bullets was between 305 and 540 m/s (1,000 and 1,770 ft/s), and the kinetic energy was 1,600–4,000 J (1,200–3,000 ft⋅lbf).<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flintlock_musket">Flintlock musket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flintlock musket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FlintlockMechanism.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FlintlockMechanism.jpg/220px-FlintlockMechanism.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FlintlockMechanism.jpg/330px-FlintlockMechanism.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/FlintlockMechanism.jpg/440px-FlintlockMechanism.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Flintlock mechanism</figcaption></figure> <p>The heavy musket went out of favour around the same time the <a href="/wiki/Snaphance" title="Snaphance">snaphance</a> <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a> was invented in Europe, in 1550.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986428-429_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986428-429-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The snaphance was followed by the "true" flintlock in the late 17th century. While the heavy variant of the arquebus died out due to the decline of heavy armour, the term "musket" itself stuck around as a general term for 'shoulder arms' fireweapons, replacing "arquebus," and remained until the 1800s. The differences between the arquebus and musket post-16th century are therefore not entirely clear, and the two have been used interchangeably on several occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase200361_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase200361-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flintlocks are not usually associated with arquebuses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986429_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986429-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A variation of the musket known as the <a href="/wiki/Caliver" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliver">caliver</a>, a standardized "calibre" (spelled "caliber" in the US), appeared in Europe around 1567–9.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Jacob de Gheyn, the caliver was a smaller musket that did not require a fork rest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERogers1995247_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERogers1995247-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benerson Little described it as a "light musket".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELittle201056_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittle201056-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Humfrey_Barwick_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humfrey_Barwick-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_matchlocks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Early_matchlocks.jpg/220px-Early_matchlocks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="453" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Early_matchlocks.jpg/330px-Early_matchlocks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Early_matchlocks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Early matchlocks as illustrated in the <i><a href="/wiki/Baburnama" title="Baburnama">Baburnama</a></i> (16th century)</figcaption></figure> <p>Matchlock firearms were used in India by 1500,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhan2004131_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhan2004131-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_Vi%E1%BB%87t" title="Đại Việt">Đại Việt</a> by 1516,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETran2006107_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETran2006107-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in Southeast Asia by 1540.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016169_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016169-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burmese</a> source from the late 15th century, King <a href="/wiki/Minkhaung_II" title="Minkhaung II">Minkhaung II</a> would not dare attack the besieged town of <a href="/wiki/Prome" class="mw-redirect" title="Prome">Prome</a> due to the defenders' use of cannon and small arms that were described as muskets, although these were probably early <a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">matchlock</a> <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebuses</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wall_gun" title="Wall gun">wall guns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="South_Asia">South Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: South Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> may have introduced muskets to Sri Lanka during their conquest of the coastline and lowlands in 1505, as they regularly used short barrelled matchlocks during combat. However, <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Edward_Pieris_Deraniyagala" title="Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala">P. E. P. Deraniyagala</a> points out that the Sinhalese term for gun, 'bondikula', matches the Arabic term for gun, 'bunduk'. Also, certain technical aspects of the early Sri Lankan matchlock were similar to the matchlocks used in the Middle East, thus forming the generally accepted theory that the musket was not entirely new to the island by the time the Portuguese came. In any case, soon native Sri Lankan kingdoms, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sitawaka" title="Kingdom of Sitawaka">Kingdom of Sitawaka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kandy" title="Kingdom of Kandy">Kingdom of Kandy</a>, manufactured hundreds of Lankan muskets, with a unique bifurcated stock, longer barrel and smaller calibre, which made it more efficient in directing and using the energy of the gunpowder. These were mastered by the Sri Lankan soldiers to the point where, according to the Portuguese chronicler, Queirós, they could "fire at night to put out a match" and "by day at 60 paces would sever a knife with four or five bullets" and "send as many on the same spot in the target."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Middle East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite initial reluctance, the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Iran" title="Safavid Iran">Safavid Empire</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a> rapidly acquired the art of making and using handguns. A Venetian envoy, Vincenzo di Alessandri, in a report presented to the Council of Ten on 24 September 1572, observed: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They used for arms, swords, lances, arquebuses, which all the soldiers carry and use; their arms are also superior and better tempered than those of any other nation. The barrels of the arquebuses are generally six spans long and carry a ball little less than three ounces in weight. They use them with such facility that it does not hinder them drawing their bows nor handling their swords, keeping the latter hung at their saddle bows till occasion requires them. The arquebus is then put away behind the back so that one weapon does not impede the use of the other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg/250px-EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg/330px-EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg/500px-EdoJapaneseArquebuse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="899" /></a><figcaption>Various antique <a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_(Japanese_matchlock)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanegashima (Japanese matchlock)">Tanegashima</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> of Japan, arquebuses were introduced by Portuguese merchantmen from the region of <a href="/wiki/Alentejo" title="Alentejo">Alentejo</a> in 1543 and by the 1560s were being mass-produced locally.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016169_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016169-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the 16th century, the production of firearms in Japan reached enormous proportions, which allowed for a successful military operation in Korea during the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea</a>. Korean chief state councillor <a href="/wiki/Yu_S%C5%8Fngnyong" title="Yu Sŏngnyong">Yu Sŏngnyong</a> noted the clear superiority of the Japanese musketeers over the Korean archers: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the 1592 invasion, everything was swept away. Within a fortnight or a month the cities and fortresses were lost, and everything in the eight directions had crumbled. Although it was [partly] due to there having been a century of peace and the people not being familiar with warfare that this happened, it was really because the Japanese had the use of muskets that could reach beyond several hundred paces, that always pierced what they struck, that came like the wind and the hail, and with which bows and arrows could not compare.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Letter from <a href="/wiki/Yu_S%C5%8Fngnyong" title="Yu Sŏngnyong">Yu Sŏngnyong</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arquebuses were imported by the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644) at an uncertain point, but the Ming only began fielding matchlocks in 1548.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016171_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016171-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chinese used the term "bird-gun" to refer to arquebuses and Turkish arquebuses may have reached China before Portuguese ones.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChase2003144_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChase2003144-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Zhao Shizhen's book of 1598 AD, the <i>Shenqipu</i>, there were illustrations of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> musketeers with detailed illustrations of their muskets, alongside European musketeers with detailed illustrations of their muskets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986447–454_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986447–454-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also illustration and description of how the Chinese had adopted the Ottoman kneeling position in firing while using European-made muskets,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986449–452_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986449–452-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though Zhao Shizhen described the Turkish muskets as being superior to the European muskets.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986444_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986444-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Wu_Pei_Chih" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu Pei Chih">Wu Pei Chih</a></i> (1621) later described Turkish muskets that used a <a href="/wiki/Rack_and_pinion" title="Rack and pinion">rack and pinion</a> mechanism, which was not known to have been used in any European or Chinese firearms at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedham1986446_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedham1986446-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg/220px-Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg/330px-Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg/440px-Matchlock_and_Culverin_displayed_in_Unhyeon_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Large Korean Jochong (Matchlock Musket) in <a href="/wiki/Unhyeongung" title="Unhyeongung">Unhyeon Palace</a> with Korean cannon <a href="/wiki/Hongyipao" title="Hongyipao">Hongyipao</a> (Culverin)</figcaption></figure> <p>In Korea, the <a href="/wiki/Joseon" title="Joseon">Joseon dynasty</a> underwent a devastating war with the newly unified Japan that lasted from 1592 to 1598. The shock of this encounter spurred the court to undergo a process of military strengthening. One of the core elements of military strengthening was to adopt the musket. According to reformers, "In recent times in China they did not have muskets; they first learned about them from the Wokou pirates in Zhejiang Province. Qi Jiguang trained troops in their use for several years until they [muskets] became one of the skills of the Chinese, who subsequently used them to defeat the Japanese."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016183_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016183-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1607 Korean musketeers had been trained in the fashion which Qi Jiguang prescribed, and a drill manual had been produced based on the Chinese leader's <i>Jixiao Xinshu</i>. Of the volley fire, the manual says that "every musketeer squad should either divide into two musketeers per layer or one and deliver fire in five volleys or in ten."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016183_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016183-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Korean manual produced in 1649 describes a similar process: "When the enemy approaches to within a hundred paces, a signal gun is fired and a conch is blown, at which the soldiers stand. Then a gong is sounded, the conch stops blowing, and the heavenly swan [a double-reed horn] is sounded, at which the musketeers fire in concert, either all at once or in five volleys (齊放一次盡擧或分五擧)."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016183_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016183-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This training method proved to be quite formidable in the 1619 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarhu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sarhu">Battle of Sarhu</a>, in which 10,000 Korean musketeers managed to kill many Manchus before their allies surrendered. While Korea went on to lose both wars against the Manchu invasions of <a href="/wiki/Later_Jin_invasion_of_Joseon" title="Later Jin invasion of Joseon">1627</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qing_invasion_of_Joseon" title="Qing invasion of Joseon">1636</a>, their musketeers were well respected by Manchu leaders. It was the first Qing emperor <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> who wrote: "The Koreans are incapable on horseback but do not transgress the principles of the military arts. They excel at infantry fighting, especially in musketeer tactics."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016186_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016186-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Afterwards, the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> requested Joseon to aid in their border conflict with Russia. In 1654, 370 Russians engaged a 1,000-man Qing-Joseon force at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Songhua_River" title="Songhua River">Songhua River</a> and were defeated by Joseon musketeers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016193_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016193-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1658, five hundred Russians engaged a 1,400-strong Qing-Joseon force and were defeated again by Joseon musketeers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016193-194_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016193-194-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the Three Branch System, similar to the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a>, Joseon organized their army under firearm troops (artillery and musketeers), archers, and pikemen or swordsmen. The percentage of firearms in the Joseon army rose dramatically as a result of the shorter training period for firearms. In addition, the sulphur mines discovered in Jinsan reduced the expense of producing gunpowder. Under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Sukjong_of_Joseon" title="Sukjong of Joseon">Sukjong of Joseon</a> (1700s), 76.4% of the local standing army in <a href="/wiki/Chungcheong" class="mw-redirect" title="Chungcheong">Chungcheong</a> were musketeers.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Yeongjo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeongjo">Yeongjo</a>, Yoon Pil-Un, Commander of the Sua-chung, improved on firearms with the Chunbochong (천보총), which had a greater range of fire than the existing ones. Its usage is thought to have been similar to the Afghan <a href="/wiki/Jezail" title="Jezail">jezail</a> or American <a href="/wiki/Long_rifle" title="Long rifle">long rifle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_Eurasia">Outside Eurasia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Outside Eurasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Musket_Wars" title="Musket Wars">Musket Wars</a> period in New Zealand, between 1805 and 1843, at least 500 conflicts took place between various <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> tribes—often using trade muskets in addition to traditional Māori weapons. The muskets were initially cheap Birmingham muskets designed for the use of coarse grain black powder. Maori favoured the shorter barrel versions. Some tribes took advantage of runaway sailors and escaped convicts to expand their understanding of muskets. Early missionaries—one of whom was a trained gunsmith—refused to help Māori repair muskets. Later, common practice was to enlarge the percussion hole and to hold progressively smaller lead balls between the fingers so that muskets could fire several shots without having to remove fouling. Likewise, Māori resorted to thumping the butt of the musket on the ground to settle the ball instead of using a ramrod. Māori favoured the use of the double-barrel shot gun (<i>Tuparra</i> – two barrel) during fighting often using women to reload the weapons when fighting from a <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81_(M%C4%81ori)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pā (Māori)"><i>Pā</i></a> (fortified village or hillfort). They often resorted to using nails, stones or anything convenient as "shot". From the 1850s, Māori were able to obtain superior military style muskets with greater range. One of the authors<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2019)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> was a <i>Pakeha</i> (European) who lived among Māori, spoke <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">the language</a> fluently, had a Māori wife and took part in many intertribal conflicts as a warrior.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Replacement_by_the_rifle">Replacement by the rifle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Replacement by the rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png/220px-T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png/330px-T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png/440px-T3-_d491_-_Fig._356_et_357._%E2%80%94_Balle_%C3%A0_culot_et_coupe_verticale_de_cette_balle.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>Minié balls</figcaption></figure> <p>The musket was a <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> firearm and lacked <a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">rifling</a> grooves that would have spun the bullet in such a way as to increase its accuracy. The last contact with the musket barrel gives the ball a spin around an axis at right angles to the direction of flight. The aerodynamics result in the ball veering off in a random direction from the aiming point. The practice of rifling, putting grooves in the barrel of a weapon, causing the projectile to spin on the same axis as the line of flight, prevented this veering off from the aiming point. Rifles already existed in Europe by the late 15th century, but they were primarily used as sporting weapons and had little presence in warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem with rifles was the tendency for powder fouling to accumulate in the rifling, making the piece more difficult to load with each shot. Eventually, the weapon could not be loaded until the bore was wiped clean. For this reason, smoothbore muskets remained the primary firearm of most armies until the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until 1611 that rifles started seeing some limited usage in warfare by Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1750, rifles began to be used by skirmishers of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a>, recruited in 1744 from a <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4ger_(infantry)" title="Jäger (infantry)">Jäger</a> unit of game-keepers and foresters,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the rifle's slow rate of fire still restricted their usage. </p><p>The invention of the <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a> in 1849 solved both major problems of <a href="/wiki/Muzzle-loading" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle-loading">muzzle-loading</a> rifles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rifled muskets of the mid-19th century, like the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1861" title="Springfield Model 1861">Springfield Model 1861</a> which dealt heavy casualties at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Four_Lakes" title="Battle of Four Lakes">Battle of Four Lakes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorman2005_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorman2005-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were significantly more accurate, with the ability to hit a man-sized target at a distance of 500 yards (460 m) or more.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The smoothbore musket generally allowed no more than 300 yards (270 m) with any accuracy.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> (1853–1856) saw the first widespread use of the rifled musket for the common infantryman and by the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865) most infantry were equipped with the rifled musket. These were far more accurate than smoothbore muskets and had a far longer range, while preserving the musket's comparatively faster reloading rate. Their use led to a decline in the use of massed attacking formations, as these formations were too vulnerable to the accurate, long-range fire a rifle could produce. In particular, attacking troops were within range of the defenders for a longer period of time, and the defenders could also fire at them more quickly than before. As a result, while 18th-century attackers would only be within range of the defenders' weapons for the time it would take to fire a few shots, late-19th-century attackers might suffer dozens of volleys before they drew close to the defenders, with correspondingly high casualty rates. However, the use of massed attacks on fortified positions were not immediately replaced with new tactics, and as a result, major wars of the late 19th century and early 20th century tended to produce very high casualty figures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manual_of_the_Musketeer,_17th_Century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Manual_of_the_Musketeer%2C_17th_Century.jpg/220px-Manual_of_the_Musketeer%2C_17th_Century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Manual_of_the_Musketeer%2C_17th_Century.jpg/330px-Manual_of_the_Musketeer%2C_17th_Century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Manual_of_the_Musketeer%2C_17th_Century.jpg/440px-Manual_of_the_Musketeer%2C_17th_Century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> manual of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> showing a part of the steps required to load and fire an earlier musket. The need to complete this difficult and potentially dangerous process as quickly as possible led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">military drill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1993284_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1993284-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: the standard drill method of loading a musket. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Many soldiers preferred to reduce the standard musket reloading procedures to increase the speed of fire. This statement is from Thomas Anburey who served as a lieutenant in Burgoyne's army: "Here I cannot help observing to you, whether it proceeded from an idea of self-preservation, or natural instinct, but the soldiers greatly improved the mode they were taught in, as to expedition. For as soon as they had primed their pieces and put the cartridge into the barrel, instead of ramming it down with their rods, they struck the butt end of the piece upon the ground, and bringing it to the present, fired it off". This practice was known as 'tap-loading'.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tactics">Tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg/220px-1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg/330px-1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg/440px-1594_Dutch_musketry_volley_technique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a 1594 Dutch musketry volley formation</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg/250px-1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg/330px-1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg/440px-1639_Ming_musketry_volley_formation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="465" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of a Ming musketry volley formation. From <i>The Illustrated Guide of Arms</i> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">軍器圖說</span>, <i>Junqi Tushuo</i>) by Bi Maokang (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">畢懋康</span>), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1639</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Countermarch">Countermarch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Countermarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As muskets became the default weapon of armies, the slow reloading time became an increasing problem. The difficulty of reloading—and thus the time needed to do it—was diminished by making the musket ball much smaller than the internal diameter of the barrel, so as the interior of the barrel became dirty from soot from previously fired rounds, the musket ball from the next shot could still be easily rammed. To keep the ball in place once the weapon was loaded, it would be partially wrapped in a small piece of cloth.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the smaller ball could move within the barrel as the musket was fired, decreasing the accuracy of musket fire<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (it was complained that it took a man's weight in lead musket balls to kill him).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The development of <a href="/wiki/Volley_fire" title="Volley fire">volley fire</a>—by the Ottomans, the Chinese, the Japanese, and the Dutch—made muskets more feasible for widespread adoption by the military. The volley fire technique transformed soldiers carrying firearms into organized firing squads with each row of soldiers firing in turn and reloading in a systematic fashion. Volley fire was implemented with cannons as early as 1388 by Ming artillerists,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016157_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016157-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but volley fire with matchlocks was not implemented until 1526 when the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Janissaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Janissaries">Janissaries</a> used it during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016149_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016149-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The matchlock volley fire technique was next seen in mid-16th-century China as pioneered by <a href="/wiki/Qi_Jiguang" title="Qi Jiguang">Qi Jiguang</a> and in late-16th-century Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016173_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016173-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016169_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016169-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qi Jiguang elaborates on his countermarch volley fire technique in the <i><a href="/wiki/Jixiao_Xinshu" title="Jixiao Xinshu">Jixiao Xinshu</a></i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>All the musketeers, when they get near the enemy are not allowed to fire early, and they're not allowed to just fire everything off in one go, [because] whenever the enemy then approaches close, there won't be enough time to load the guns (銃裝不及), and frequently this mismanagement costs the lives of many people. Thus, whenever the enemy gets to within a hundred paces' distance, they [the musketeers] are to wait until they hear a blast on the bamboo flute, at which they deploy themselves in front of the troops, with each platoon (哨) putting in front one team (隊). They [the musketeer team members] wait until they hear their own leader fire a shot, and only then are they allowed to give fire. Each time the trumpet gives a blast, they fire one time, spread out in battle array according to the drilling patterns. If the trumpet keeps blasting without stopping, then they are allowed to fire all together until their fire is exhausted, and it's not necessary [in this case] to divide into layers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016173_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016173-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i><a href="/wiki/Jixiao_Xinshu" title="Jixiao Xinshu">Jixiao Xinshu</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Frederick Lewis Taylor claims that a kneeling volley fire may have been employed by <a href="/wiki/Prospero_Colonna" title="Prospero Colonna">Prospero Colonna</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Arquebusier" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquebusier">arquebusiers</a> as early as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Battle of Bicocca</a> (1522).<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this has been called into question by <a href="/wiki/Tonio_Andrade" title="Tonio Andrade">Tonio Andrade</a> who believes this is an over interpretation as well as mis-citation of a passage by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oman" title="Charles Oman">Charles Oman</a> suggesting that the Spanish arquebusiers kneeled to reload, when in fact Oman never made such a claim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016350_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016350-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is contested by Idan Sherer, who quotes <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Giovio" title="Paolo Giovio">Paolo Giovio</a> saying that the arquebusiers kneeled to reload so that the second line of arquebusiers could fire without endangering those in front of them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESherer2017190_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESherer2017190-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>European gunners might have implemented countermarch to some extent since at least 1579 when the Englishman <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Digges" title="Thomas Digges">Thomas Digges</a> suggested that musketeers should, "after the old Romane manner make three or four several fronts, with convenient spaces for the first to retire and unite himselfe with the second, and both these if occasion so require, with the third; the shot [musketeers] having their convenient lanes continually during the fight to discharge their peces."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016147_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016147-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spanish too displayed some awareness of the volley technique. Martín de Eguiluz described it in the military manual, <i>Milicia, Discurso y Regla Militar</i>, dating to 1586: "Start with three files of five soldiers each, separated one from the other by fifteen paces, and they should comport themselves not with fury but with calm skillfulness [con reposo diestramente] such that when the first file has finished shooting they make space for the next (which is coming up to shoot) without turning face, countermarching [contrapassando] to the left but showing the enemy only the side of their bodies, which is the narrowest of the body, and [taking their place at the rear] about one to three steps behind, with five or six pellets in their mouths, and two lighted matchlock fuses ... and they load [their pieces] promptly ... and return to shoot when it's their turn again."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016146_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016146-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most historians, including <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Parker_(historian)" title="Geoffrey Parker (historian)">Geoffrey Parker</a>, have ignored Eguiluz, and have erroneously attributed the invention of the countermarch to <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice of Nassau</a>, although the publication of the <i>Milicia, Discurso y Regla Militar</i> antedates Maurice's first letter on the subject by two years.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regardless, it is clear that the concept of volley fire had existed in Europe for quite some time during the 16th century, but it was in the Netherlands during the 1590s that the musketry volley really took off. The key to this development was <a href="/wiki/William_Louis,_Count_of_Nassau-Dillenburg" title="William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg">William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg</a> who in 1594 described the technique in a letter to his cousin: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have discovered ... a method of getting the musketeers and soldiers armed with arquebuses not only to keep firing very well but to do it effectively in battle order ... in the following manner: as soon as the first rank has fired together, then by the drill [they have learned] they will march to the back. The second rank, either marching forward or standing still, [will next] fire together [and] then march to the back. After that, the third and following ranks will do the same. Thus before the last ranks have fired, the first will have reloaded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016145_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016145-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Letter from Louis to Maurice</i></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_infantry">Light infantry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Light infantry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 18th century, regular <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> began to emerge. In contrast to the front-line infantry, they fought in the loose formation, used natural shelters and terrain folds. In addition, they were better prepared to target single targets. This type of troops was designed to fight against irregular enemy troops, such as militia, guerrillas and natives. At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of light infantry increased dramatically. In the French army, light infantry accounted for 25% of the infantry. In the Russian Army, 50 light infantry regiments and one company in each battalion were formed, which accounted for about 40% of light infantry in the entire infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attack_column">Attack column</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Attack column"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century, a new tactic was devised by the French during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a>. This was the '<i>colonne d'attaque'</i>, or attack column, consisting of one regiment up to two brigades of infantry. Instead of advancing slowly all across the battlefield in line formations, the French infantry were brought forward in such columns, preceded by masses of skirmishers to cover and mask their advance. The column would then normally deploy into line right before engaging the enemy with either fire or bayonet. This allowed the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic infantry a much greater degree of mobility compared to their <i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i> opponents, and also allowed much closer cooperation of infantry with cavalry and artillery, which were free to move in between the infantry columns of the former rather than being trapped in between the linear formation of the latter. The <i>colonne d'attaque</i> was henceforth adopted by all European armies during and after the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. While some British historians, such as Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oman" title="Charles Oman">Charles Oman</a>, have postulated that it was the standard French tactic to charge enemy lines of infantry head on with their columns, relying on the morale effect of the huge column, and hence were often beaten off by the devastating firepower of the redcoats, more current research into the subject has revealed that such occasions were far from the norm, and that the French normally tried deploying into lines before combat as well.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">Grenadier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_infantry" title="Line infantry">Line infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musketoon" title="Musketoon">Musketoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_and_shot" title="Pike and shot">Pike and shot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold200175-78_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold2001">Arnold 2001</a>, p. 75-78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdle2003475_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdle2003">Adle 2003</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200412_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillbanks2004">Willbanks 2004</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200415,_17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWillbanks200415,_17_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWillbanks2004">Willbanks 2004</a>, p. 15, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=musket&allowed_in_frame=0">"musket"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=musket&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Dmusket%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology</i>, T. F. 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Caper 1974 (reprint)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford Companion to Military History</i>, entry, Jäger</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWorman2005-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWorman2005_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWorman2005">Worman 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Arms and Equipment of the Civil War" By Jack Coggins, Published by Courier Dover Publications, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanage2000" class="citation journal cs1">Stanage, Justin (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/iusburj/article/view/19841/25918">"View of The Rifle-Musket vs. The Smoothbore Musket, a Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Two Types of Weapons Primarily at Short Ranges"</a>. <i>Iu South Bend Undergraduate Research Journal</i>. <b>3</b>: <span class="nowrap">84–</span>89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iu+South+Bend+Undergraduate+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=View+of+The+Rifle-Musket+vs.+The+Smoothbore+Musket%2C+a+Comparison+of+the+Effectiveness+of+the+Two+Types+of+Weapons+Primarily+at+Short+Ranges.&rft.volume=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E84-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Stanage&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.iu.edu%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Fiusburj%2Farticle%2Fview%2F19841%2F25918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeegan1993284-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeegan1993284_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeegan1993">Keegan 1993</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"With Zeal and With Bayonets Only: The British Army on Campaign in North America, 1775–1783" by Matthew H. Spring</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Anburey's Travels</i> by Thomas Anburey</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archived at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/F9hrB-eaajI">Ghostarchive</a> and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402024036/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9hrB-eaajI">Wayback Machine</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9hrB-eaajI">"Brown Bess At 35 Yards Tap Load"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 29 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Brown+Bess+At+35+Yards+Tap+Load&rft.date=2011-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DF9hrB-eaajI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Fairfax Battalia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fairfax.org.uk/main/soldiers/musket.htm">Musket</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090217224951/http://fairfax.org.uk/main/soldiers/musket.htm">Archived</a> 17 February 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; accessed 2008.12.09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Presentation at <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry_National_Historical_Park" title="Harpers Ferry National Historical Park">Harpers Ferry National Historical Park</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>E.g.</i>, Daniel Wait Howe, <i>Civil War Times. 1861–1865.</i> Indianapolis: The Bowen-Merrill Company <i>reviewed in</i> "Saturday Review of Books and Art", <i>The New York Times</i>, 24 January 1903, p. 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Lieden. p. 129.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Rocori%3A+Class%2C+Culture+and+Command+of+the+Spanish+Army+in+Flanders+1567%E2%80%931659&rft.place=Lieden&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=de+Leon&rft.aufirst=Fernando+Gonzalez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016145-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndrade2016145_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndrade2016">Andrade 2016</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">British Light Infantry & Rifle Tactics of the Napoleonic Wars</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230408142202/https://www.napoleon-series.org/military-info/organization/maida/c_maida3.html">"A Reappraisal of Column Versus Line in the Peninsular War"</a>. <i>Napoleon-series.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/maida/c_maida3.html">the original</a> on 8 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Napoleon-series.org&rft.atitle=A+Reappraisal+of+Column+Versus+Line+in+the+Peninsular+War&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon-series.org%2Fmilitary%2Forganization%2Fmaida%2Fc_maida3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdle2003" class="citation cs2">Adle, Chahryar (2003), <i>History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast: from the Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Civilizations+of+Central+Asia%3A+Development+in+Contrast%3A+from+the+Sixteenth+to+the+Mid-Nineteenth+Century&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Adle&rft.aufirst=Chahryar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFÁgoston2008" class="citation cs2">Ágoston, Gábor (2008), <i>Guns for the Sultan: Military Power and the Weapons Industry in the Ottoman Empire</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-60391-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-60391-1"><bdi>978-0-521-60391-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guns+for+the+Sultan%3A+Military+Power+and+the+Weapons+Industry+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-60391-1&rft.aulast=%C3%81goston&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgrawal2010" class="citation cs2">Agrawal, Jai Prakash (2010), <i>High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics</i>, Wiley-VCH</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=High+Energy+Materials%3A+Propellants%2C+Explosives+and+Pyrotechnics&rft.pub=Wiley-VCH&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Agrawal&rft.aufirst=Jai+Prakash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrade2016" class="citation cs2">Andrade, Tonio (2016), <i>The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History</i>, Princeton University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13597-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13597-7"><bdi>978-0-691-13597-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gunpowder+Age%3A+China%2C+Military+Innovation%2C+and+the+Rise+of+the+West+in+World+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13597-7&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Tonio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArnold2001" class="citation cs2">Arnold, Thomas (2001), <i>The Renaissance at War</i>, Cassell & Co, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35270-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35270-5"><bdi>0-304-35270-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Renaissance+at+War&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Co&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-304-35270-5&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBak1982" class="citation cs2">Bak, J. 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(1982), <i>Hunyadi to Rákóczi: War and Society in Late Medieval and Early Modern Hungary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunyadi+to+R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi%3A+War+and+Society+in+Late+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Hungary&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Bak&rft.aufirst=J.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarwick1594" class="citation cs2">Barwick, Humphrey (1594), <i>Breefe Discourse Concerning the Force and Effect of all Manuall of Weapons of Fire...</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breefe+Discourse+Concerning+the+Force+and+Effect+of+all+Manuall+of+Weapons+of+Fire...&rft.date=1594&rft.aulast=Barwick&rft.aufirst=Humphrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenton1862" class="citation book cs1">Benton, James G., Captain (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/courseofinstruct00bentrich"><i>A Course of Instruction in Ordnance and Gunnery</i></a> (2 ed.). 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Medieval+India&rft.pub=The+Scarecrow+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5503-8&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Iqtidar+Alam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKinard2007" class="citation cs2">Kinard, Jeff (2007), <i>Artillery An Illustrated History of its Impact</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Artillery+An+Illustrated+History+of+its+Impact&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kinard&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNagayama1997" class="citation cs2">Nagayama, Kōkan (1997), 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+War+Galley+1470%E2%80%931590&rft.series=New+Vanguard+62&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781841764436&rft.aulast=Konstam&rft.aufirst=Angus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLiang2006" class="citation cs2">Liang, Jieming (2006), <i>Chinese Siege Warfare: Mechanical Artillery & Siege Weapons of Antiquity</i>, Singapore, Republic of Singapore: Leong Kit Meng, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/981-05-5380-3" title="Special:BookSources/981-05-5380-3"><bdi>981-05-5380-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Siege+Warfare%3A+Mechanical+Artillery+%26+Siege+Weapons+of+Antiquity&rft.place=Singapore%2C+Republic+of+Singapore&rft.pub=Leong+Kit+Meng&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=981-05-5380-3&rft.aulast=Liang&rft.aufirst=Jieming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLidin2002" class="citation cs2">Lidin, Olaf G. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+in+World+History%3A+Society%2C+Technology%2C+and+War+from+Ancient+Times+to+the+Present%2C+Volume+1%2C+To+1500&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-07-052584-9&rft.aulast=Morillo&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1980" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Needham, Joseph</a> (1980), <i>Science & Civilisation in China</i>, vol. 5 pt. 4, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-08573-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-08573-X"><bdi>0-521-08573-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+%26+Civilisation+in+China&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-521-08573-X&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeedham1986" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Needham, Joseph (1986), <i>Science & Civilisation in China</i>, vol. V:7: <i>The Gunpowder Epic</i>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-30358-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-30358-3"><bdi>0-521-30358-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+%26+Civilisation+in+China&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-521-30358-3&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNicolle1990" class="citation cs2">Nicolle, David (1990), <i>The Mongol Warlords: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, Tamerlane</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mongol+Warlords%3A+Genghis+Khan%2C+Kublai+Khan%2C+Hulegu%2C+Tamerlane&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Nicolle&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNolan2006" class="citation 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Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit", <i>Technikgeschichte</i> <b>44</b> (2): 153–173 (153–157)</li> <li>Schmidtchen, Volker (1977b), "Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit", <i>Technikgeschichte</i> <b>44</b> (3): 213–237 (226–228)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSherer2017" class="citation cs2">Sherer, Idan (2017), <i>Warriors for a Living: The Experience of the Spanish Infantry During the Italian Wars, 1494–1559</i>, Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+for+a+Living%3A+The+Experience+of+the+Spanish+Infantry+During+the+Italian+Wars%2C+1494%E2%80%931559&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Sherer&rft.aufirst=Idan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTran2006" class="citation cs2">Tran, Nhung Tuyet (2006), <i>Viêt Nam Borderless Histories</i>, University of Wisconsin Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vi%C3%AAt+Nam+Borderless+Histories&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=Nhung+Tuyet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Turnbull_(historian)" title="Stephen Turnbull (historian)">Turnbull, Stephen</a> (2003), <i>Fighting Ships Far East (2): Japan and Korea AD 612–1639</i>, New Vanguard 63, Osprey Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-478-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-478-7"><bdi>1-84176-478-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+Ships+Far+East+%282%29%3A+Japan+and+Korea+AD+612%E2%80%931639&rft.series=New+Vanguard+63&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-84176-478-7&rft.aulast=Turnbull&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUrbanski1967" class="citation cs2">Urbanski, Tadeusz (1967), <i>Chemistry and Technology of Explosives</i>, vol. III, New York: Pergamon Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+and+Technology+of+Explosives&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Urbanski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVillalon2008" class="citation cs2">Villalon, L. J. Andrew (2008), <i>The Hundred Years War (part II): Different Vistas</i>, Brill Academic Pub, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16821-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16821-3"><bdi>978-90-04-16821-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years+War+%28part+II%29%3A+Different+Vistas&rft.pub=Brill+Academic+Pub&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16821-3&rft.aulast=Villalon&rft.aufirst=L.+J.+Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWagner2006" class="citation cs2">Wagner, John A. (2006), <i>The Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War</i>, Westport & London: Greenwood Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-32736-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-32736-X"><bdi>0-313-32736-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Hundred+Years+War&rft.place=Westport+%26+London&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-313-32736-X&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatson2006" class="citation cs2">Watson, Peter (2006), <i>Ideas: A History of Thought and Invention, from Fire to Freud</i>, Harper Perennial (2006), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-093564-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-093564-2"><bdi>0-06-093564-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ideas%3A+A+History+of+Thought+and+Invention%2C+from+Fire+to+Freud&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial+%282006%29&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-06-093564-2&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2003" class="citation cs2">Williams, Alan (2003), <i>A history of the metallurgy of armour in the middle ages and the early modern period</i>, Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+metallurgy+of+armour+in+the+middle+ages+and+the+early+modern+period&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWillbanks2004" class="citation cs2">Willbanks, James H. (2004), <i>Machine guns: an illustrated history of their impact</i>, ABC-CLIO, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Machine+guns%3A+an+illustrated+history+of+their+impact&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Willbanks&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorman2005" class="citation cs2">Worman, Charles G. (2005), <i>Gunsmoke and Saddle Leather: Firearms in the nineteenth-century American West</i>, UNM Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gunsmoke+and+Saddle+Leather%3A+Firearms+in+the+nineteenth-century+American+West&rft.pub=UNM+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Worman&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMusket" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musket&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/infantry_tactics_2.htm">Infantry Tactics During the Napoleonic wars – Musketry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027112936/http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Campground/8551/">The Arquebus and Matchlock Musket Page</a> (archived 27 October 2009)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926163345/http://www.iaw.on.ca/~jsek/us17pg4.htm">Musket, Bayonet and Sword</a> (archived 26 September 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090610075137/http://www.mormonbattalion.com/history/halford/6-acc.htm">ACCOUTERMENTS</a> (archived 10 June 2009)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_firearms" title="Template:Early firearms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_firearms" title="Template talk:Early firearms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_firearms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early firearms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Early_firearms_and_thermal_weapons4141" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Early firearms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_thermal_weapons" title="Early thermal weapons">thermal weapons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_gunpowder_age" title="Timeline of the gunpowder age">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gunpowder" title="History of gunpowder">History of gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historiography_of_gunpowder_and_gun_transmission" title="Historiography of gunpowder and gun transmission">Historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">History of the firearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">Firearms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">Arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajozutsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bajozutsu">Bajozutsu pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedil_tombak" title="Bedil tombak">Bedil tumbak hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blunderbuss" title="Blunderbuss">Blunderbuss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_gun" title="Combination gun">Combination gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(firearm)" title="Dragon (firearm)">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_horse_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="English horse pistol">English horse pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Fire lance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_cannon" title="Hand cannon">Hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_mortar" title="Hand mortar">Hand mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang_hand_cannon" title="Heilongjiang hand cannon">Heilongjiang hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howdah_pistol" title="Howdah pistol">Howdah pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="Huo Chong">Huo Chong hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_lance" title="Fire lance">Huo Qiang lance hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istinggar" title="Istinggar">Istinggar arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_arquebus" title="Java arquebus">Java arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhi_arquebus" title="Jiaozhi arquebus">Jiaozhi arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_meriam_kecil" title="Miniature meriam kecil">Meriam kecil hand cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muff_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="Muff pistol">Muff pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nock_gun" title="Nock gun">Nock M1779 seven barrel gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petronel" title="Petronel">Petronel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepperbox">Pepperbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol#History_and_etymology" title="Pistol">Pistol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puckle_gun" title="Puckle gun">Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Yan_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="San Yan Chong">San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon</a></li> <li>Shou Chong hand cannon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanegashima_(gun)" title="Tanegashima (gun)">Tanegashima arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toradar" title="Toradar">Toradar arquebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu_Huo_Qiang" title="Tu Huo Qiang">Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifles">Rifles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muskets" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskets">muskets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belton_flintlock" title="Belton flintlock">Belton M1777 repeating musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Bess" title="Brown Bess">Brown Bess musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleville_musket" title="Charleville musket">Charleville musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Dian_Chong" title="Che Dian Chong">Che Dian Chong musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cookson_repeater" title="Cookson repeater">Cookson M1750 repeating rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1696_French_common_musket" class="mw-redirect" title="M1696 French common musket">M1696 French common musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girardoni_air_rifle" title="Girardoni air rifle">Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle</a></li> <li>Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_military_rifles#Early_Jäger_rifles" title="German military rifles">Jäger rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Afsharid_dynasty_of_Persia#Jazāyerchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia">Jazayer musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezail" title="Jezail">Jezail musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingal" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingal">Jingal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_musket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabyle musket">Kabyle musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalthoff_repeater" title="Kalthoff repeater">Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_rifle" title="Long rifle">Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musketoon" title="Musketoon">Musketoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potzdam_musket" class="mw-redirect" title="Potzdam musket">Potzdam musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1752_Musket" title="M1752 Musket">Spanish M1752 musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_musket" title="Springfield musket">Springfield musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_gun" title="Wall gun">Wall gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xun_Lei_Chong" title="Xun Lei Chong">Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Early <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abus_gun" title="Abus gun">Abus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_of_France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Artillery of France in the Middle Ages">Artillery of France in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilisk_(cannon)" title="Basilisk (cannon)">Basilisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baton_a_feu" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton a feu">Baton a feu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_swivel_gun" title="Breech-loading swivel gun">Breech-loading swivel gun</a></li> <li>Byzantine fire tube (cannon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carronade" title="Carronade">Carronade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetbang" title="Cetbang">Cetbang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongtong" title="Chongtong">Chongtong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culverin" title="Culverin">Culverin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekor_lotong" title="Ekor lotong">Ekor lotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falconet_(cannon)" title="Falconet (cannon)">Falconet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauconneau" title="Fauconneau">Fauconneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_artillery_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages">Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder_weapons_in_the_Song_dynasty" title="Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty">Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongyipao" title="Hongyipao">Hongyipao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_dun_pao" title="Hu dun pao">Hu Dun Pao cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cannon" title="Korean cannon">Korean cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lantaka" title="Lantaka">Lantaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lela_(cannon)" title="Lela (cannon)">Lela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(siege_cannon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortar (siege cannon)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obusier_de_vaisseau" title="Obusier de vaisseau">Obusier de vaisseau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ gun">Organ gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrier_a_boite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierrier a boite">Pierrier a boite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pot_de_fer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pot de fer">Pot de fer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prangi" title="Prangi">Prangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_gun" title="Swivel gun">Swivel gun</a></li> <li>Tarasnice</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veuglaire" title="Veuglaire">Veuglaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanadu_Gun" title="Xanadu Gun">Xanadu Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankou_Chong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wankou Chong">Wankou Chong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei_Bronze_Cannon" title="Wuwei Bronze Cannon">Wuwei Bronze Cannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Medieval large calibre guns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombard_(weapon)" title="Bombard (weapon)">Bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilic_(cannon)" title="Basilic (cannon)">Basilic</a></li> <li>Byzantine bombard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles_Gun" title="Dardanelles Gun">Dardanelles bombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulle_Griet" title="Dulle Griet">Dulle Griet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faule_Grete" title="Faule Grete">Faule Grete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faule_Mette" title="Faule Mette">Faule Mette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grose_Bochse" title="Grose Bochse">Grose Bochse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mons_Meg" title="Mons Meg">Mons Meg</a></li> <li>Orban bombard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumhart_von_Steyr" title="Pumhart von Steyr">Pumhart von Steyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Early <a href="/wiki/Rockets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockets">rockets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incendiaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Incendiaries">incendiaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo-hiya" title="Bo-hiya">Bo-hiya</a> rocket arrow</li> <li>Byzantine rocket launcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congreve_rocket" title="Congreve rocket">Congreve rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fierce-fire_Oil_Cabinet" title="Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet">Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet</a> (flamethrower)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_arrow" title="Fire arrow">Fire arrow</a> (rocket arrow)</li> <li>Fire crow rocket bomb</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hale_(British_inventor)#Rocketry" title="William Hale (British inventor)">Hale rocket launcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huo_Che" title="Huo Che">Huo Che</a> rocket arrow launcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwacha" title="Hwacha">Hwacha</a> rocket arrow launcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meng_Huo_You" title="Meng Huo You">Meng Huo You</a> (Chinese petroleum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysorean_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysorean rocket">Mysorean rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naphtha" title="Naphtha">Naphtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_Huo_Qi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pen Huo Qi">Pen Huo Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_naphtha" title="Petroleum naphtha">Petroleum naphtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singijeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Singijeon">Singijeon</a> rocket arrow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_crash_bomb" title="Thunder crash bomb">Thunder crash bomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Firing_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Firing mechanism">Firing mechanisms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doglock" title="Doglock">Doglock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">Matchlock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_matchlock" title="Snap matchlock">Snap matchlock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miquelet_lock" title="Miquelet lock">Miquelet lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaphance" title="Snaphance">Snaphance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snaplock" title="Snaplock">Snaplock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Literatures" class="mw-redirect" title="Literatures">Literatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huolongjing" title="Huolongjing">Huolongjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixiao_Xinshu" title="Jixiao Xinshu">Jixiao Xinshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wubei_Zhi" title="Wubei Zhi">Wubei Zhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujing_Zongyao" title="Wujing Zongyao">Wujing Zongyao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_modern_firearms" title="Category:Early modern firearms">Category:Early modern firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Early_firearms" title="Category:Early firearms">Category:Early firearms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style 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src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musket&oldid=1282188162">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musket&oldid=1282188162</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Muskets" title="Category:Muskets">Muskets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_weapons" title="Category:16th-century weapons">16th-century weapons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:17th-century_weapons" title="Category:17th-century weapons">17th-century weapons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_weapons" title="Category:18th-century 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