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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Pembentukan_sistem_langit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembentukan_sistem_langit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Pembentukan sistem langit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembentukan_sistem_langit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parameter_orbital_dan_rotasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parameter_orbital_dan_rotasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Parameter orbital dan rotasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parameter_orbital_dan_rotasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Catatan kaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjutan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bacaan lanjutan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjutan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerakan retrograd dan prograd</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 48 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_en_prograde_beweging" title="Retrograde en prograde beweging – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Retrograde en prograde beweging" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogeraden" title="Retrogeraden – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Retrogeraden" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حركة تراجعية وتقدمية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة تراجعية وتقدمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0_%D1%96_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Рух Сонца і планет па нябеснай сферы – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рух Сонца і планет па нябеснай сферы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ретроградно движение – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ретроградно движение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="বিপরীতমুখী এবং অগ্রমুখী গতি – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিপরীতমুখী এবং অগ্রমুখী গতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogradno_kretanje" title="Retrogradno kretanje – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Retrogradno kretanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_retr%C3%B2grad_i_pr%C3%B2grad" title="Moviment retrògrad i prògrad – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moviment retrògrad i prògrad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogr%C3%A1dn%C3%AD_pohyb" title="Retrográdní pohyb – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Retrográdní pohyb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtl%C3%A4ufig_und_r%C3%BCckl%C3%A4ufig" title="Rechtläufig und rückläufig – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rechtläufig und rückläufig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ανάδρομη κίνηση – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ανάδρομη κίνηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_and_prograde_motion" title="Retrograde and prograde motion – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Retrograde and prograde motion" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimientos_retr%C3%B3grado_y_pr%C3%B3grado" title="Movimientos retrógrado y prógrado – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimientos retrógrado y prógrado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="حرکت مخالف‌گرد و موافق‌گرد – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حرکت مخالف‌گرد و موافق‌گرد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogradinen_liike" title="Retrogradinen liike – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Retrogradinen liike" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_prograde_ou_r%C3%A9trograde" title="Mouvement prograde ou rétrograde – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement prograde ou rétrograde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluaiseacht_aisiompaithe" title="Gluaiseacht aisiompaithe – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gluaiseacht aisiompaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="प्रतिगामी चाल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रतिगामी चाल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogradno_gibanje" title="Retrogradno gibanje – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Retrogradno gibanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvman_retwograd" title="Mouvman retwograd – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Mouvman retwograd" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogr%C3%A1d_mozg%C3%A1s" title="Retrográd mozgás – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Retrográd mozgás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հետադարձ շարժում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հետադարձ շարժում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto_retrogrado" title="Moto retrogrado – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Moto retrogrado" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E8%A1%8C%E3%83%BB%E9%80%86%E8%A1%8C" title="順行・逆行 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="順行・逆行" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="რეტროგრადული მოძრაობა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რეტროგრადული მოძრაობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AD%ED%96%89_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="역행 운동 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="역행 운동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechtleefeg_a_r%C3%A9ckleefeg" title="Rechtleefeg a réckleefeg – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rechtleefeg a réckleefeg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muviment_retrograd" title="Muviment retrograd – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muviment retrograd" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atgalinis_jud%C4%97jimas" title="Atgalinis judėjimas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Atgalinis judėjimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Повратно движење – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Повратно движење" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograad_(astronomie)" title="Retrograad (astronomie) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Retrograad (astronomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograd_og_prograd" title="Retrograd og prograd – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Retrograd og prograd" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograd_og_prograd_bevegelse" title="Retrograd og prograd bevegelse – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Retrograd og prograd bevegelse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruch_wsteczny" title="Ruch wsteczny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruch wsteczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_pr%C3%B3grado_e_retr%C3%B3grado" title="Movimento prógrado e retrógrado – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento prógrado e retrógrado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C8%99care_prograd%C4%83_%C8%99i_mi%C8%99care_retrograd%C4%83" title="Mișcare progradă și mișcare retrogradă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mișcare progradă și mișcare retrogradă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Ретроградное движение – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ретроградное движение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogradno_gibanje" title="Retrogradno gibanje – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Retrogradno gibanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_and_direct_motion" title="Retrograde and direct motion – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Retrograde and direct motion" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vzvratno_gibanje" title="Vzvratno gibanje – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vzvratno gibanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Ретроградно и директно кретање – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ретроградно и директно кретање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograd_r%C3%B6relse" title="Retrograd rörelse – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Retrograd rörelse" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D,_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பின்னேகும், முன்னேறும் இயக்கம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பின்னேகும், முன்னேறும் இயக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D,_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="రెట్రోగ్రేడ్, ప్రోగ్రేడ్ చలనాలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రెట్రోగ్రేడ్, ప్రోగ్రేడ్ చలనాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geri_ve_ileri_y%C3%B6nl%C3%BC_hareket" title="Geri ve ileri yönlü hareket – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Geri ve ileri yönlü hareket" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Retrogradeorbit.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Retrogradeorbit.gif/220px-Retrogradeorbit.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Retrogradeorbit.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Orbit searah: satelit (merah) mengorbit berlawanan arah dengan rotasi primernya (biru/hitam)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gerakan retrograd</b> dalam astronomi, pada umumnya, adalah gerakan <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Rotasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotasi">rotasi</a> dari sebuah objek yang arahnya berlawanan dengan rotasi objek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Primer_(astronomi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primer (astronomi) (halaman belum tersedia)">primernya</a>, yaitu, objek pusat (gambar kanan). Ini juga dapat menggambarkan gerakan lain seperti <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial_precession" class="extiw" title="en:Axial precession">presesi</a> atau <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_nutation" class="extiw" title="en:Astronomical nutation">ulir sumbu</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Rotasi_di_sekeliling_sumbu_tertentu" title="Rotasi di sekeliling sumbu tertentu">rotasi objek</a>. </p><p><b>Prograd</b> atau gerak langsung adalah gerak yang lebih normal dalam arah yang sama dengan putaran primer. Namun, "retrograd" dan "prograd" juga dapat merujuk ke objek selain yang utama jika dijelaskan demikian. Arah rotasi ditentukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kerangka_acuan_inersia" title="Kerangka acuan inersia">kerangka acuan inersia</a>, seperti <a href="/wiki/Bintang_tetap" title="Bintang tetap">bintang tetap</a> jauh. </p><p>Di <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>, orbit semua <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> dan sebagian besar objek lain mengelilingi Matahari, kecuali banyak <a href="/wiki/Komet" title="Komet">komet</a>, adalah prograd. Mereka mengorbit mengelilingi Matahari dengan <a href="/wiki/Arah_jarum_jam" title="Arah jarum jam">arah yang sama</a> dengan matahari berputar pada porosnya, yang berlawanan arah jarum jam jika diamati dari atas kutub utara Matahari. Kecuali <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotasi_di_sekeliling_sumbu_tertentu" title="Rotasi di sekeliling sumbu tertentu">rotasi planet di sekitar sumbunya</a> juga berprogradasi. Sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Satelit_alami" title="Satelit alami">satelit alami</a> memiliki orbit prograd di sekitar planetnya. Prograd satelit orbit Uranus ke arah rotasi Uranus, yang mundur ke Matahari. Hampir semua <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular_moon" class="extiw" title="en:Regular moon">satelit reguler</a> mengalami <a href="/wiki/Penguncian_pasang_surut" title="Penguncian pasang surut">penguncian pasang surut</a> dan karenanya memiliki rotasi prograd. Satelit retrograd umumnya <a href="/wiki/Satelit_ireguler" title="Satelit ireguler">kecil dan jauh</a> dari planetnya, kecuali <a href="/wiki/Triton_(satelit)" title="Triton (satelit)">Triton</a> satelit <a href="/wiki/Neptunus" title="Neptunus">Neptunus</a>, yang besar dan dekat. Semua satelit retrograd diperkirakan terbentuk secara terpisah sebelum <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_capture" class="extiw" title="en:Asteroid capture">ditangkap</a> oleh planet mereka. </p><p>Sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Satelit" title="Satelit">atelit buatan</a> Bumi dengan <a href="/wiki/Inklinasi" title="Inklinasi">inklinasi</a> rendah telah ditempatkan di orbit prograd, karena dalam situasi ini lebih sedikit <a href="/wiki/Bahan_pendorong" title="Bahan pendorong">propelan</a> yang diperlukan untuk mencapai orbit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembentukan_sistem_langit">Pembentukan sistem langit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Pembentukan sistem langit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pembentukan sistem langit"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Saat <a href="/wiki/Galaksi" title="Galaksi">galaksi</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Sistem_keplanetan" title="Sistem keplanetan">sistem keplanetan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nebula" title="Hipotesis nebula">terbentuk</a>, materialnya berbentuk seperti piringan. Sebagian besar materi mengorbit dan berputar dalam satu arah. Keseragaman gerak ini disebabkan oleh runtuhnya awan gas.<sup id="cite_ref-NS_Aug_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS_Aug-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sifat keruntuhan dijelaskan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekekalan_momentum_sudut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekekalan momentum sudut (halaman belum tersedia)">kekekalan momentum sudut</a>. Pada tahun 2010, penemuan beberapa <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_panas" title="Jupiter panas">Jupiter panas</a> dengan orbit mundur mempertanyakan teori tentang pembentukan sistem planet.<sup id="cite_ref-2010question_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010question-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hal ini dapat dijelaskan dengan mencatat bahwa bintang dan planetnya tidak terbentuk secara terpisah melainkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Gugus_bintang" title="Gugus bintang">gugus bintang</a> yang mengandung <a href="/wiki/Awan_molekul" title="Awan molekul">awan molekul</a>. Ketika <a href="/wiki/Piringan_protoplanet" title="Piringan protoplanet">piringan protoplanet</a> bertabrakan dengan atau mencuri materi dari awan, hal ini dapat mengakibatkan gerakan retrograd piringan dan planet-planet yang dihasilkan.<sup id="cite_ref-steal_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steal-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-natural-misalign_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natural-misalign-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parameter_orbital_dan_rotasi">Parameter orbital dan rotasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Parameter orbital dan rotasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Parameter orbital dan rotasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Kemiringan orbit</b> </p><p>Kecenderungan benda langit menunjukkan apakah orbit benda tersebut prograd atau retrograd. Kecenderungan benda langit adalah <a href="/wiki/Sudut_(geometri)" title="Sudut (geometri)">geometri</a> antara bidang orbitnya dan kerangka acuan lain seperti bidang ekuator objek utama. Di <a href="/wiki/Tata_Surya" title="Tata Surya">Tata Surya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inklinasi" title="Inklinasi">inklinasi</a> planet diukur dari <a href="/wiki/Bidang_(geometri)" title="Bidang (geometri)">bidang</a> <a href="/wiki/Ekliptika" title="Ekliptika">ekliptika</a>, yaitu <a href="/wiki/Bidang_orbit_(astronomi)" title="Bidang orbit (astronomi)">bidang orbit</a> <a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi</a> mengelilingi <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">Matahari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kecenderungan <a href="/wiki/Satelit_alami" title="Satelit alami">satelit alami</a> diukur dari <a href="/wiki/Ekuator_langit" title="Ekuator langit">ekuator langit</a> planet yang diorbitnya. Sebuah objek dengan kemiringan antara 0 dan 90 derajat mengorbit atau berputar ke arah yang sama dengan putaran primer. Sebuah objek dengan kemiringan tepat 90 derajat memiliki orbit tegak lurus yang tidak prograd atau retrograd. Objek dengan kemiringan antara 90 derajat dan 180 derajat berada dalam orbit retrograd. </p><p><b>Kemiringan aksial</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kemiringan_sumbu" title="Kemiringan sumbu">kemiringan aksial</a> atau kemiringan sumbu benda langit menunjukkan apakah rotasi benda tersebut prograd atau retrograd. Kemiringan aksial adalah sudut antara sumbu rotasi objek dan garis <a href="/wiki/Tegak_lurus" title="Tegak lurus">tegak lurus</a> terhadap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bidang_orbit_(astronomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bidang orbit (astronomi (halaman belum tersedia)">bidang orbitnya</a> yang melewati pusat objek. Sebuah objek dengan kemiringan sumbu hingga 90 derajat berputar ke arah yang sama dengan objek utamanya. Sebuah benda dengan kemiringan sumbu tepat 90 derajat, memiliki rotasi tegak lurus yang tidak prograd atau retrograd. Sebuah benda dengan kemiringan sumbu antara 90 derajat dan 180 derajat berputar berlawanan arah dengan arah orbitnya. Terlepas dari kemiringan atau kemiringan sumbu, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poles_of_astronomical_bodies" class="extiw" title="en:Poles of astronomical bodies">kutub utara planet atau bulan mana pun di Tata Surya</a> didefinisikan sebagai kutub yang berada di belahan langit yang sama dengan kutub utara Bumi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catatan_kaki">Catatan kaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Catatan kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Catatan kaki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18833634"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NS_Aug-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NS_Aug_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grossman, Lisa (13 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17603-planet-found-orbiting-its-star-backwards-for-first-time.html">"Planet found orbiting its star backwards for first time"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017083955/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17603-planet-found-orbiting-its-star-backwards-for-first-time.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Planet+found+orbiting+its+star+backwards+for+first+time&rft.date=2008-08-13&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn17603-planet-found-orbiting-its-star-backwards-for-first-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010question-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010question_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051715/http://www.astro.gla.ac.uk/nam2010/pr10.php">"NAM2010 at the University of Glasgow"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.gla.ac.uk/nam2010/pr10.php">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NAM2010+at+the+University+of+Glasgow&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astro.gla.ac.uk%2Fnam2010%2Fpr10.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steal-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-steal_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lisa Grossman (23 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20818-stars-that-steal-give-birth-to-backwards-planets.html">"Stars that steal give birth to backwards planets"</a>. <i>New Scientist</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425203140/http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20818-stars-that-steal-give-birth-to-backwards-planets.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Stars+that+steal+give+birth+to+backwards+planets&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft.au=Lisa+Grossman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn20818-stars-that-steal-give-birth-to-backwards-planets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natural-misalign-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natural-misalign_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ingo Thies, Pavel Kroupa, Simon P. Goodwin, Dimitris Stamatellos, Anthony P. Whitworth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2113">"A natural formation scenario for misaligned and short-period eccentric extrasolar planets"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230610022809/https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.2113">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-06-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 11 July 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McBride, Neil; Bland, Philip A.; Gilmour, Iain (2004). <i>An Introduction to the Solar System</i>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 248. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-54620-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-54620-1">978-0-521-54620-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Solar+System&rft.pages=248&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-54620-1&rft.au=McBride%2C+Neil&rft.au=Bland%2C+Philip+A.&rft.au=Gilmour%2C+Iain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_lanjutan">Bacaan lanjutan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan lanjutan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerakan_retrograd_dan_prograd&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan lanjutan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Retrograde_motion" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Retrograde motion"><span style="">Retrograde motion</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13864">Retrograde-rotating exoplanets experience obliquity excitations in an eccentricity-enabled resonance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630230910/https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13864">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-06-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Steven M. Kreyche, Jason W. Barnes, Billy L. Quarles, Jack J. Lissauer, John E. Chambers, Matthew M. Hedman, 30 Mar 2020</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Gayon, Julie; Eric Bois (21 April 2008). "Are retrograde resonances possible in multi-planet systems?". <i>Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>482</b> (2): 665–672. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/0801.1089">0801.1089</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008A&A...482..665G">2008A&A...482..665G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20078460">10.1051/0004-6361:20078460</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Are+retrograde+resonances+possible+in+multi-planet+systems%3F&rft.volume=482&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=665-672&rft.date=2008-04-21&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0801.1089&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1051%2F0004-6361%3A20078460&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008A%26A...482..665G&rft.aulast=Gayon&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.au=Eric+Bois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Kalvouridis, T. J. (May 2003). "Retrograde Orbits in Ring Configurations of N Bodies". <i>Astrophysics and Space Science</i>. <b>284</b> (3): 1013–1033. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Ap&SS.284.1013K">2003Ap&SS.284.1013K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1023332226388">10.1023/A:1023332226388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astrophysics+and+Space+Science&rft.atitle=Retrograde+Orbits+in+Ring+Configurations+of+N+Bodies&rft.volume=284&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1013-1033&rft.date=2003-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1023332226388&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Ap%26SS.284.1013K&rft.aulast=Kalvouridis&rft.aufirst=T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Liou, J (1999). "Orbital Evolution of Retrograde Interplanetary Dust Particles and Their Distribution in the Solar System". <i>Icarus</i>. <b>141</b> (1): 13–28. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Icar..141...13L">1999Icar..141...13L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.1999.6170">10.1006/icar.1999.6170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Orbital+Evolution+of+Retrograde+Interplanetary+Dust+Particles+and+Their+Distribution+in+the+Solar+System&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=13-28&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.1999.6170&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1999Icar..141...13L&rft.aulast=Liou&rft.aufirst=J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1991/91GL01882.shtml">How large is the retrograde annual wobble?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120920205136/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1991/91GL01882.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-09-20 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., N. E. King, Duncan Carr Agnew, 1991.</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Fernandez, Julio A. (1981). "On the observed excess of retrograde orbits among long-period comets". <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>. <b>197</b> (2): 265–273. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981MNRAS.197..265F">1981MNRAS.197..265F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F197.2.265">10.1093/mnras/197.2.265</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Notices+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society&rft.atitle=On+the+observed+excess+of+retrograde+orbits+among+long-period+comets&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=265-273&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fmnras%2F197.2.265&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1981MNRAS.197..265F&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Julio+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AGerakan+retrograd+dan+prograd" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.4377">Dynamical Effects on the Habitable Zone for Earth-like Exomoons</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630230908/https://arxiv.org/abs/1304.4377">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-06-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Duncan Forgan, David Kipping, 16 April 2013</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.2297">What collisional debris can tell us about galaxies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630230647/https://arxiv.org/abs/1205.2297">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-06-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Pierre-Alain Duc, 10 May 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9910418">The Formation and Role of Vortices in Protoplanetary Disks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230801085057/https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9910418">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-08-01 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Patrick Godon, Mario Livio, 22 October 1999</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="Ilmu keplanetan">Ilmu keplanetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Topik utama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eksoplanet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eksoplanet">Eksoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_pendeteksian_eksoplanet" title="Metode pendeteksian eksoplanet">Metode pendeteksian eksoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_keplanetan" title="Sistem keplanetan">Sistem keplanetan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/PDS_70" title="PDS 70"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/100px-PDS_70.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/150px-PDS_70.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/PDS_70.jpg/200px-PDS_70.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1692" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Ukuran<br />dan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_jenis_planet" title="Daftar jenis planet">jenis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planet_kebumian" title="Planet kebumian">Kebumian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planet_karbon" title="Planet karbon">Planet karbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_tanpa_inti" title="Planet tanpa inti">Planet tanpa inti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_gurun" title="Planet gurun">Planet gurun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_katai" title="Planet katai">Planet katai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_es" title="Planet es">Planet es</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_besi" title="Planet besi">Planet besi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_lava" title="Planet lava">Planet lava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_samudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet samudra">Planet samudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega-Bumi" title="Mega-Bumi">Mega-Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Bumi" title="Sub-Bumi">Sub-Bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super-Bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Super-Bumi">Super-Bumi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Raksasa_gas" title="Raksasa gas">Bergas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_eksentrik" title="Jupiter eksentrik">Jupiter eksentrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerdil_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerdil gas">Katai gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_helium" title="Planet helium">Planet helium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_panas" title="Jupiter panas">Jupiter panas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunus_panas" title="Neptunus panas">Neptunus panas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksasa_es" title="Raksasa es">Raksasa es</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunus_mini" title="Neptunus mini">Neptunus mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunus_super" title="Neptunus super">Neptunus super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_super" title="Jupiter super">Jupiter super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_superbengkak" title="Planet superbengkak">Planet superbengkak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_ultrapanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter ultrapanas">Jupiter ultrapanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptunus_ultrapanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Neptunus ultrapanas">Neptunus ultrapanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Jenis lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanet" title="Blanet">Blanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katai_cokelat" title="Katai cokelat">Katai cokelat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_chthonia" title="Planet chthonia">Planet chthonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_lingkar_biner" title="Planet lingkar biner">Planet lingkar biner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_terganggu" title="Planet terganggu">Planet terganggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_ganda" title="Planet ganda">Planet ganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_bola_mata" title="Planet bola mata">Planet bola mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_raksasa" title="Planet raksasa">Planet raksasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_menengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Planet menengah">Planet menengah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet#Benda_bermassa_keplanetan" title="Planet">Planemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katai_cokelat#Katai_cokelat_bermassa_rendah_versus_planet_bermassa_tinggi" title="Katai cokelat">Planet/Batas katai coklat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanet" title="Protoplanet">Protoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_pulsar" title="Planet pulsar">Planet pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-katai_cokelat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-katai cokelat">Sub-katai cokelat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Neptunus" title="Sub-Neptunus">Sub-Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katai_ultradingin" title="Katai ultradingin">Katai ultradingin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_berperiode_ultrapendek" title="Planet berperiode ultrapendek">Planet berperiode ultrapendek (USP)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Pembentukan<br />dan evolusi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akresi_(astrofisika)" title="Akresi (astrofisika)">Akresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_akresi" title="Piringan akresi">Piringan akresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabuk_asteroid" title="Sabuk asteroid">Sabuk asteroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_lingkar_planet" title="Piringan lingkar planet">Piringan lingkar planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_lingkar_bintang" title="Piringan lingkar bintang">Piringan lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sungkup_lingkar_bintang" title="Sungkup lingkar bintang">Sungkup lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debu_kosmik" title="Debu kosmik">Debu kosmik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_serpihan" title="Piringan serpihan">Piringan serpihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obyek_terlepaskan" class="mw-redirect" title="Obyek terlepaskan">Obyek terlepaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_terganggu" title="Planet terganggu">Planet terganggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_akresi#Piringan_ekskresi" title="Piringan akresi">Piringan ekskresi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debu_luar_zodiak" title="Debu luar zodiak">Debu luar zodiak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahan_ekstraterestrial" title="Bahan ekstraterestrial">Bahan ekstraterestrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurasi_sampel_luar_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurasi sampel luar bumi">Kurasi sampel luar bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_tubrukan_besar" title="Hipotesis tubrukan besar">Hipotesis tubrukan besar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keruntuhan_gravitasi" title="Keruntuhan gravitasi">Keruntuhan gravitasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_Hills" title="Awan Hills">Awan Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_debu_antarplanet" title="Awan debu antarplanet">Awan debu antarplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_antarplanet" title="Medium antarplanet">Medium antarplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruang_antarplanet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruang antarplanet">Ruang antarplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_antarbintang" title="Awan antarbintang">Awan antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debu_antarbintang" class="mw-redirect" title="Debu antarbintang">Debu antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_antarbintang" title="Medium antarbintang">Medium antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luar_angkasa#Ruang_antarbintang" title="Luar angkasa">Ruang antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabuk_kuiper" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabuk kuiper">Sabuk kuiper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_molekul_antarbintang_dan_lingkar_bintang" title="Daftar molekul antarbintang dan lingkar bintang">Daftar molekul antarbintang dan lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabrakan_bintang#Pembentukan_planet" title="Tabrakan bintang">Tabrakan bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_molekul" title="Awan molekul">Awan molekul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nebula" title="Hipotesis nebula">Hipotesis nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_Oort" title="Awan Oort">Awan Oort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luar_angkasa" title="Luar angkasa">Luar angkasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migrasi_planet" title="Migrasi planet">Migrasi planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_keplanetan" title="Sistem keplanetan">Sistem keplanetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetesimal">Planetesimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nebula#Pembentukan_planet" title="Hipotesis nebula">Pembentukan planet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_protoplanet" title="Piringan protoplanet">Piringan protoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_cincin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem cincin">Sistem cincin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumpukan_puing" title="Tumpukan puing">Tumpukan puing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misi_pengembalian_sampel" title="Misi pengembalian sampel">Misi pengembalian sampel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piringan_tersebar" title="Piringan tersebar">Piringan tersebar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembentukan_bintang" title="Pembentukan bintang">Pembentukan bintang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_keplanetan" title="Sistem keplanetan">Sistem</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eksokomet" title="Eksokomet">Eksokomet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eksobulan" title="Eksobulan">Eksobulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komet_antarbintang" class="mw-redirect" title="Komet antarbintang">Komet antarbintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resonansi_orbit#Resonansi_gerak_rata-rata_diantara_planet_luar_surya" title="Resonansi orbit">Resonansi gerak rata-rata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_orbit_searah_dan_berlawanan_arah#Eksoplanet" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerakan orbit searah dan berlawanan arah">Planet retrograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_pengembara" title="Planet pengembara">Planet pengembara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hukum_Titius%E2%80%93Bode#_Sistem_bulan_dan_sistem_planet_lainnya" title="Hukum Titius–Bode">Hukum Titius–Bode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_ko-orbit#Troya" title="Konfigurasi ko-orbit">Planet troya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Sistem_keplanetan#Bintang_berpenghuni_planet" title="Sistem keplanetan">Bintang induk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_deret_utama_tipe_A#Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang deret utama tipe A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_deret_utama_tipe_B#Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang deret utama tipe B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_biner#Planet" title="Bintang biner">Bintang biner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katai_cokelat#Planet-planet_disekitar_katai_cokelat" title="Katai cokelat">Katai cokelat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_ekstragalaksi" title="Planet ekstragalaksi">Planet ekstragalaksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_deret_utama_tipe_F#Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang deret utama tipe F">F/Katai kuning-cokelat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_deret_utama_tipe_G#Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang deret utama tipe G">G/Katai kuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_Herbig_Ae/Be#Planet" title="Bintang Herbig Ae/Be">Herbig Ae/Be</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_deret_utama_tipe_K#Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang deret utama tipe K">K/Katai jingga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katai_merah#Planet" title="Katai merah">M/Katai merah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gugus_bola#Planet" title="Gugus bola">Planet dalam gugus bola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_pulsar" title="Planet pulsar">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksasa_merah#Planet" title="Raksasa merah">Raksasa merah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_sub-katai_B#Sistem_keplanetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bintang sub-katai B">Sub-katai B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-raksasa#Planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-raksasa">Sub-raksasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_T_Tauri#Planet" title="Bintang T Tauri">T Tauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katai_putih#Piringan_puing_dan_planet" title="Katai putih">Katai putih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bintang_raksasa#Raksasa_kuning" title="Bintang raksasa">Raksasa kuning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Metode_pendeteksian_eksoplanet" title="Metode pendeteksian eksoplanet">Pendeteksian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrometri" title="Astrometri">Astrometri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_pendeteksian_eksoplanet#Pencitraan_langsung" title="Metode pendeteksian eksoplanet">Pencitraan langsung</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_dicitrakan_secara_langsung&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang dicitrakan secara langsung (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemikrolensaan_gravitasi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemikrolensaan gravitasi (halaman belum tersedia)">Pemikrolensaan</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_terdeteksi_oleh_pemikrolensaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang terdeteksi oleh pemikrolensaan (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarimetri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarimetri (halaman belum tersedia)">Polarimetri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_pendeteksian_eksoplanet#Pulsar_waktu" title="Metode pendeteksian eksoplanet">Pulsar waktu</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_terdeteksi_oleh_waktu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang terdeteksi oleh waktu (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopi_Doppler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopi Doppler (halaman belum tersedia)">Kecepatan radial</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_terdeteksi_oleh_kecepatan_radial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang terdeteksi oleh kecepatan radial (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metode_pendeteksian_exoplanet#Fotometri_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Metode pendeteksian exoplanet">Metode transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_transit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya transit (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variasi_transit-waktu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variasi transit-waktu (halaman belum tersedia)">Variasi transit-waktu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Kelaikhunian_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelaikhunian planet">Kelaikhunian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zona_laik_huni_lingkar_bintang" class="mw-redirect" title="Zona laik huni lingkar bintang">Zona laik huni lingkar bintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Analog bumi">Analog bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_cair_luar_bumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Air cair luar bumi">Air cair luar bumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelaikhunian_satelit_alami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelaikhunian satelit alami">Kelaikhunian satelit alami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_super_laik_huni" title="Planet super laik huni">Planet super laik huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Katalog</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalog_of_Nearby_Habitable_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems (halaman belum tersedia)">Catalog of Nearby Habitable Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exoplanet_Data_Explorer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exoplanet Data Explorer (halaman belum tersedia)">Exoplanet Data Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_Planets_Encyclopaedia" title="Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia">Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Exoplanet_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA Exoplanet Archive (halaman belum tersedia)">NASA Exoplanet Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NASA_Star_and_Exoplanet_Database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (halaman belum tersedia)">NASA Star and Exoplanet Database</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet" class="mw-disambig" title="Daftar planet">Daftar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Sistem keeksoplanetan <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_bintang_induk_eksokeplanetan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar bintang induk eksokeplanetan (halaman belum tersedia)">Bintang induk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_sistem_multikeplanetan" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar sistem multikeplanetan">Sistem multikeplanetan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_bintang_dengan_proplid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar bintang dengan proplid (halaman belum tersedia)">Bintang dengan proplid</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Eksoplanet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar planet luar surya">Daftar planet luar surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_eksoplanet" title="Penemuan eksoplanet">Penemuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_ekstrem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya ekstrem (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekstrem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_yang_pertama_dari_eksoplanet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar yang pertama dari eksoplanet (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_terdekat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya terdekat (halaman belum tersedia)">Terdekat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_terbesar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya terbesar (halaman belum tersedia)">Terbesar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_paling_masif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya paling masif (halaman belum tersedia)">Paling masif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kandidat_eskoplanet_kebumian_terdekat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kandidat eskoplanet kebumian terdekat (halaman belum tersedia)">Kandidat kebumian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_menggunakan_teleskop_luar_angkasa_Kepler" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan menggunakan teleskop luar angkasa Kepler">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_berpotensi_laik_huni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang berpotensi laik huni (halaman belum tersedia)">Berpotensi laik huni</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Penemuan eksoplanet menurut tahun <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_sebelum_tahun_2000" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan sebelum tahun 2000">sebelum 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2000%E2%80%932009" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2000–2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2010 (halaman belum tersedia)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2012&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2012 (halaman belum tersedia)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2013 (halaman belum tersedia)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2014" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2015 (halaman belum tersedia)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2016" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2017 (halaman belum tersedia)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2018&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2018 (halaman belum tersedia)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2019" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2019">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_planet_luar_surya_yang_ditemukan_pada_tahun_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar planet luar surya yang ditemukan pada tahun 2020 (halaman belum tersedia)">2020</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">Lainnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan_Institute" title="Carl Sagan Institute">Carl Sagan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konvensi_penamaan_eksoplanet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konvensi penamaan eksoplanet (halaman belum tersedia)">Konvensi penamaan eksoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurva_fase_(astronomi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurva fase (astronomi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kurva fase eksoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celah_Fulton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Celah Fulton (halaman belum tersedia)">Celah Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geodinamika_eksoplanet_kebumian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geodinamika eksoplanet kebumian (halaman belum tersedia)">Geodinamika eksoplanet kebumian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gurun_Neptunus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gurun Neptunus (halaman belum tersedia)">Gurun Neptunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexus_for_Exoplanet_System_Science" title="Nexus for Exoplanet System Science">Nexus for Exoplanet System Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_dalam_fiksi_ilmiah" title="Planet dalam fiksi ilmiah">Planet dalam fiksi ilmiah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasifikasi_raksasa_gas_Sudarsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasifikasi raksasa gas Sudarsky (halaman belum tersedia)">Klasifikasi raksasa gas Sudarsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penemuan_eksoplanet" title="Penemuan eksoplanet">Penemuan eksoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_proyek_pencarian_eksoplanet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar proyek pencarian eksoplanet (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek pencarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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