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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1536</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mekong River Basin</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1266</span> Integrating Time-Series and High-Spatial Remote Sensing Data Based on Multilevel Decision Fusion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xudong%20Guan">Xudong Guan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainong%20Li"> Ainong Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaohuan%20Liu"> Gaohuan Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chong%20Huang"> Chong Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zhao"> Wei Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the low spatial resolution of MODIS data, the accuracy of small-area plaque extraction with a high degree of landscape fragmentation is greatly limited. To this end, the study combines Landsat data with higher spatial resolution and MODIS data with higher temporal resolution for decision-level fusion. Considering the importance of the land heterogeneity factor in the fusion process, it is superimposed with the weighting factor, which is to linearly weight the Landsat classification result and the MOIDS classification result. Three levels were used to complete the process of data fusion, that is the pixel of MODIS data, the pixel of Landsat data, and objects level that connect between these two levels. The multilevel decision fusion scheme was tested in two sites of the lower Mekong basin. We put forth a comparison test, and it was proved that the classification accuracy was improved compared with the single data source classification results in terms of the overall accuracy. The method was also compared with the two-level combination results and a weighted sum decision rule-based approach. The decision fusion scheme is extensible to other multi-resolution data decision fusion applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20classification" title="image classification">image classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20fusion" title=" decision fusion"> decision fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-temporal" title=" multi-temporal"> multi-temporal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112195/integrating-time-series-and-high-spatial-remote-sensing-data-based-on-multilevel-decision-fusion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1265</span> Physico-Chemical and Heavy Metals Analysis of Contaminated Ndawuse River in North Central of Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abimbola%20Motunrayo%20Enitan">Abimbola Motunrayo Enitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibironke%20Titilayo%20Enitan"> Ibironke Titilayo Enitan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Odiyo"> John Odiyo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study assessed quality of surface water across Ndawuse River Phase 1, District of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria based on physico-chemical variables that are linked to agrochemical and eutrophication, as well as heavy metals concentrations. In total, sixteen surface water samples were obtained from five locations along the river. The results were compared with the standard limits set by both World Health Organization and Federal Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water. The results obtained indicated that BOD5, turbidity, 0.014-3.511 mg Fe/L and 0.078-0.14 mg Cr/L were all above the standard limits. The results further showed that the quality of surface water is being significantly affected by human activities around the Ndawuse River which could pose an adverse health risk to several communities that rely on these receiving water bodies primarily as their source of water. Therefore, there is a need for strict enforcement of environmental laws considering the physico-chemical analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20exposure%20risk" title=" human exposure risk"> human exposure risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndawuse%20River" title=" Ndawuse River"> Ndawuse River</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water" title=" surface water"> surface water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94868/physico-chemical-and-heavy-metals-analysis-of-contaminated-ndawuse-river-in-north-central-of-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94868.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1264</span> Assessment of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides of the Surface Water in Vaal River, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kgantsi%20B.%20T.">Kgantsi B. T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ochwelwang%20A.%20R."> Ochwelwang A. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathuthu%20M."> Mathuthu M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jegede%20O.%20A."> Jegede O. A.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anthropogenic activities near water bodies contribute to poor water quality, which degrades the condition of the biota and elevates the risk to human health. The Vaal River is essential in supplying Gauteng and neighboring regions of South Africa with portable water for a variety of consumers and industries. Consequently, it is necessary to monitor and assess the radioactive risk in relation to the river's water quality. This study used an inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) to analyze the radionuclide activity concentration in the Vaal River, South Africa. Along with thorium and potassium, the total uranium concentration was calculated using the isotopic content of uranium. The elemental concentration of ²³⁸U, ²³⁵U, ²³⁴U, ²³²Th, and 40K were translated into activity concentrations. To assess the water safety for all users and consumers, all values were compared to world average activity concentrations 35, 30, and 400 Bqkg⁻¹ for ²³⁸U, ²³⁴Th, and ⁴⁰K, respectively, according to the UNSCEAR report. The results will serve as a database for further monitoring and evaluation of the radionuclide from the river, taking cognisance of potential health hazards. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Val%20Rivers" title="Val Rivers">Val Rivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICPMS" title=" ICPMS"> ICPMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uranium" title=" uranium"> uranium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risks" title=" risks"> risks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158964/assessment-of-naturally-occurring-radionuclides-of-the-surface-water-in-vaal-river-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1263</span> Subsurface Structures Related to the Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation in the Afghan Tajik Basin, Northern Afghanistan: Insights from Seismic Attribute Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samim%20Khair%20Mohammad">Samim Khair Mohammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takeshi%20Tsuji"> Takeshi Tsuji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chanmaly%20Chhun"> Chanmaly Chhun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Afghan Tajik (foreland) basin, located in the depression zone between mountain axes, is under compression and deformation during the collision of India with the Eurasian plate. The southern part of the Afghan Tajik basin in the Northern part of Afghanistan has not been well studied and explored, but considered for the significant potential for oil and gas resources. The Afghan Tajik basin depositional environments (< 8km) resulted from mixing terrestrial and marine systems, which has potential prospects of Jurrasic (deep) and Tertiary (shallow) petroleum systems. We used 2D regional seismic profiles with a total length of 674.8 km (or over an area of 2500 km²) in the southern part of the basin. To characterize hydrocarbon systems and structures in this study area, we applied advanced seismic attributes such as spectral decomposition (10 - 60Hz) based on time-frequency analysis with continuous wavelet transform. The spectral decomposition results yield the (averaging 20 - 30Hz group) spectral amplitude anomaly. Based on this anomaly result, seismic, and structural interpretation, the potential hydrocarbon accumulations were inferred around the main thrust folds in the tertiary (Paleogene+Neogene) petroleum systems, which appeared to be accumulated around the central study area. Furthermore, it seems that hydrocarbons dominantly migrated along the main thrusts and then concentrated around anticline fold systems which could be sealed by mudstone/carbonate rocks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Afghan%20Tajik%20basin" title="The Afghan Tajik basin">The Afghan Tajik basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20lines" title=" seismic lines"> seismic lines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20decomposition" title=" spectral decomposition"> spectral decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thrust%20folds" title=" thrust folds"> thrust folds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocarbon%20reservoirs" title=" hydrocarbon reservoirs"> hydrocarbon reservoirs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168361/subsurface-structures-related-to-the-hydrocarbon-migration-and-accumulation-in-the-afghan-tajik-basin-northern-afghanistan-insights-from-seismic-attribute-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1262</span> Evaluation of Fluoride Contents of Kirkuk City's Drinking Water and Its Source: Lesser Zab River and Its Effect on Human Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20R.%20Ali">Abbas R. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safa%20H.%20Abdulrahman"> Safa H. Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, forty samples had been collected from water of Lesser Zab River and drinking water to determine fluoride concentration and show the impact of fluoride on general health of society of Kirkuk city. Estimation of fluoride concentration and determination of its proportion in water samples were performed attentively using a fluoride ion selective electrode. The fluoride concentrations in the Lesser Zab River samples were between 0.0265 ppm and 0.0863 ppm with an average of 0.0451 ppm, whereas the average fluoride concentration in drinking water samples was 0.102 ppm and ranged from 0.010 to 0.289 ppm. A comparison between results obtained with World Health Organization (WHO) show a low concentration of fluoride in the samples of the study. Thus, for health concerns we should increase the concentration of this ion in water of Kirkuk city at least to about (1.0 ppm) and this will take place after fluorination process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20concentration" title="fluoride concentration">fluoride concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesser%20zab%20river" title=" lesser zab river"> lesser zab river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drinking%20water" title=" drinking water"> drinking water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20society" title=" health society"> health society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kirkuk%20city" title=" Kirkuk city"> Kirkuk city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51317/evaluation-of-fluoride-contents-of-kirkuk-citys-drinking-water-and-its-source-lesser-zab-river-and-its-effect-on-human-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51317.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1261</span> Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variations of Some Biological Water Quality Parameters in Mat River, Albania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Etleva%20Hamzaraj">Etleva Hamzaraj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Kica"> Eva Kica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anila%20Paparisto"> Anila Paparisto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pranvera%20Lazo"> Pranvera Lazo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Worldwide demographic developments of recent decades have been associated with negative environmental consequences. For this reason, there is a growing interest in assessing the state of natural ecosystems or assessing human impact on them. In this respect, this study aims to evaluate the change in water quality of the Mat River for a period of about ten years to highlight human impact. In one year, period of study, several biological and environmental parameters are determined to evaluate river water quality, and the data collected are compared with those of a similar study in 2007. Samples are collected every month in five stations evenly distributed along the river. Total coliform bacteria, the number of heterotrophic bacteria in water, and benthic macroinvertebrates are used as biological parameters of water quality. The most probable number index is used for evaluation of total coliform bacteria in water, while the number of heterotrophic bacteria is determined by counting colonies on plates with Plate Count Agar, cultivated with 0.1 ml sample after series dilutions. Benthic macroinvertebrates are analyzed by the number of individuals per taxa, the value of biotic index, EPT Richness Index value and tolerance value. Environmental parameters like pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity are measured onsite. As expected, the bacterial load was higher near urban areas, and the pollution increased with the course of the river. The maximum concentration of fecal coliforms was 1100 MPN/100 ml in summer and near the most urbanized area of the river. The data collected during this study show that after about ten years, there is a change in water quality of Mat River. According to a similar study carried out in 2007, the water of Mat River was of ‘excellent’ quality. But, according to this study, the water was classified as of ‘excellent’ quality only in one sampling site, near river source, while in all other stations was of ‘good’ quality. This result is based on biological and environmental parameters measured. The human impact on the quality of water of Mat River is more than evident. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title="water quality">water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coliform%20bacteria" title=" coliform bacteria"> coliform bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPN%20index" title=" MPN index"> MPN index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benthic%20macroinvertebrates" title=" benthic macroinvertebrates"> benthic macroinvertebrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotic%20index" title=" biotic index"> biotic index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122764/assessment-of-spatial-and-temporal-variations-of-some-biological-water-quality-parameters-in-mat-river-albania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122764.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1260</span> The Effects of Land Use Types to Determine the Status of Sustainable River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Louis%20Sunaris">Michael Louis Sunaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robby%20Yussac%20Tallar"> Robby Yussac Tallar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The concept of sustainable river is evolving in Indonesia today. Many rivers condition in Indonesia have decreased by quality and quantity. The degradation of this condition is caused by rapid land use change as a result of increased population growth and human activity. It brings the degradation of the existing watersheds including some types of land use that an important factor in determining the status of river sustainability. Therefore, an evaluation method is required to determine the sustainability status of waterbody within watershed. The purpose of this study is to analyze various types of land use in determining the status of river sustainability. This study takes the watersheds of Citarum Upstream as a study area. The results of the analysis prove the index of sustainability status of the river that changes from good to bad or average in the rivers in the study area. The rapid and uncontrolled changes of land use especially in the upper watersheds area are the main causes that happened over time. It was indicated that the cumulative runoff coefficients were increased significantly. These situations indicated that the damage of watersheds has an impact on the water surplus or deficit problem yearly. Therefore, the rivers in Indonesia should be protected and conserved. The sustainability index of the rivers is an index to indicate the condition of watersheds by defining status of rivers in order to achieve sustainable water resource management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20use%20change" title="land use change">land use change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff%20coefficient" title=" runoff coefficient"> runoff coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=a%20simple%20index" title=" a simple index"> a simple index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20river" title=" sustainable river"> sustainable river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96805/the-effects-of-land-use-types-to-determine-the-status-of-sustainable-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96805.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1259</span> Impact of Meteorological Events and Sand Excavation on Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids Levels of Imo River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ihejirika%20Chinedu%20Emeka">Ihejirika Chinedu Emeka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Njoku%20John%20Didacus"> Njoku John Didacus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obenade%20Moses"> Obenade Moses</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was aimed at determining the impact of meteorological events (seasonal variations) and sand excavation activities on turbidity and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of Imo River, Southeastern Nigeria. In-situ measurements of the parameters were carried out at the peaks of two consecutive seasons–dry and rainy season at seven major points of sand excavation along the river, under standard analytical methods. There were significant variations in seasons (P<0.05) for turbidity and TSS at all locations. The average turbidity concentration of locations were 36.71 NTU, during the rainy season, and 17 NTU in a dry season, while the average TSS concentration were 27.14 mg/L, during the rainy season, and 8.86mg/L in a dry season. Turbidity correlated positively (strongly) with TSS (r=0.956) at R–Square=0.91. Turbidity and TSS values were higher during the rainy season than the dry season. Turbidity increased when Total Suspended Solids increased. Sand excavation increased turbidity and TSS values of Imo River. The river had moderate water quality during the rainy season and unimpaired water quality during a dry season. The river was not very clear in both seasons, but clearer in a dry season than in rainy season. The increase in turbidity and TSS can lead to the destruction of aquatic biodiversity and stagnation of ecosystem processes. Exposure of aquatic animals to the recorded turbidity level in a rainy season can lead to stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity%20destruction" title="biodiversity destruction">biodiversity destruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meteorological%20events" title=" meteorological events"> meteorological events</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand%20excavation" title=" sand excavation"> sand excavation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25919/impact-of-meteorological-events-and-sand-excavation-on-turbidity-and-total-suspended-solids-levels-of-imo-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1258</span> Estimating Soil Erosion Using Universal Soil Loss Equation and Gis in Algash Basin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issamaldin%20Mohammed">Issamaldin Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdalla"> Ahmed Abdalla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatim%20Elobied"> Hatim Elobied</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soil erosion is globally known for adverse effects on social, environmental and economical aspects which directly or indirectly influence the human life. The area under study suffers from problems like water quality, river and agricultural canals bed rise due to high sediment load brought by Algash River from upstream (Eritrea high land), the current study utilized from remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) to estimate the annual soil loss using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The USLE is widely used over the world which basically relies on rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), topographic factor (LS), cover management factor (C) and support practice factor (P). The result of the study showed high soil loss in the study area, this result was illustrated in a form of map presenting the spatial distribution of soil loss amounts which classified into seven zones ranging from very slight zone (less than 2 ton/ha.year) to very severe (100-500 ton/ha.year), also the total soil loss from the whole study area was found to be 32,916,840.87 ton/ha.year. These kinds of results will help the experts of land management to give a priority for the severely affected zones to be tackled in an appropriate way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geographical%20Information%20System" title="Geographical Information System">Geographical Information System</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20sensing" title=" remote sensing"> remote sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sedimentation" title=" sedimentation"> sedimentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20loss" title=" soil loss"> soil loss</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54661/estimating-soil-erosion-using-universal-soil-loss-equation-and-gis-in-algash-basin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1257</span> 20th-Century River Course Changes and Their Relation to Sediment Carbon Distribution Patterns in the Yellow River Delta</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongxue%20Li">Dongxue Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhonghua%20Ning"> Zhonghua Ning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi%E2%80%99na%20Li"> Yi’na Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoshan%20Cui"> Baoshan Cui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wasner%20Daniel"> Wasner Daniel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sebastian%20D%C3%B6tterl"> Sebastian Dötterl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the world's coastal alluvial plains can be significant carbon (C) eservoirs in which upland sediments are deposited and bury former topsoil, thereby contributing to soil C preservation, especially in river-controlled deltas like the Yellow River Delta, China. These deltas are affected by the continuous large amount of sediment transport and strong river dynamics from the upper reaches, which makes the river course in the deltas change frequently. However, the impact of varying river course changes on C stocks in these estuary wetlands is unclear. To investigate this, we drilled five 2 m cores along a sediment deposition sequence of the Yellow River Delta, which shifted its main course flow in the delta several times throughout the 20th century. Covering 80 years of sediment deposition, we explored both soil C stocks and their potential sources, and identified key soil physicochemical and hydrometeorological variables that correlate to C density and deposition rate. Further, the spatiotemporal C distribution and its relationship with these variables was examined. Our results showed that sediments at a soil depth of 200 cm in the main courses of the Yellow River corresponded to deposition ages ranging from 1942 to 1989. The oldest course has the lowest C stocks and showed C-enriched compared with younger courses. Contributions of soil C stemming from fresh particulate organic carbon from deposited upstream sources were significantly higher than local, in-situ vegetation. In addition, the carbon of the oldest and relatively young courses tends to be affected by interaction effects of hydrometeorological and physiochemical varibales, and that of the middle courses tends to be affected by independent variables. Our findings can help prioritize conservation efforts across different river courses and provide quantitative support for global carbon emission reduction by assessing sediment carbon reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alluvial%20plains" title="alluvial plains">alluvial plains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20wetland" title=" coastal wetland"> coastal wetland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core%20drilling" title=" core drilling"> core drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=course%20diversion" title=" course diversion"> course diversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20carbon" title=" organic carbon"> organic carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sediment%20deposition%20rate" title=" sediment deposition rate"> sediment deposition rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20deposition" title=" soil deposition"> soil deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190340/20th-century-river-course-changes-and-their-relation-to-sediment-carbon-distribution-patterns-in-the-yellow-river-delta" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1256</span> Geomorphometric Analysis of the Hydrologic and Topographic Parameters of the Katsina-Ala Drainage Basin, Benue State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyatayo%20Kehinde%20Taofik">Oyatayo Kehinde Taofik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ndabula%20Christopher"> Ndabula Christopher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drainage basins are a central theme in the green economy. The rising challenges in flooding, erosion or sediment transport and sedimentation threaten the green economy. This has led to increasing emphasis on quantitative analysis of drainage basin parameters for better understanding, estimation and prediction of fluvial responses and, thus associated hazards or disasters. This can be achieved through direct measurement, characterization, parameterization, or modeling. This study applied the Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System approach of parameterization and characterization of the morphometric variables of Katsina – Ala basin using a 30 m resolution Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). This was complemented with topographic and hydrological maps of Katsina-Ala on a scale of 1:50,000. Linear, areal and relief parameters were characterized. The result of the study shows that Ala and Udene sub-watersheds are 4th and 5th order basins, respectively. The stream network shows a dendritic pattern, indicating homogeneity in texture and a lack of structural control in the study area. Ala and Udene sub-watersheds have the following values for elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor and relief ratio: 0.48 / 0.39 / 0.35/ 9.97 and 0.40 / 0.35 / 0.32 / 6.0. They also have the following values for drainage texture and ruggedness index of 0.86 / 0.011 and 1.57 / 0.016. The study concludes that the two sub-watersheds are elongated, suggesting that they are susceptible to erosion and, thus higher sediment load in the river channels, which will dispose the watersheds to higher flood peaks. The study also concludes that the sub-watersheds have a very coarse texture, with good permeability of subsurface materials and infiltration capacity, which significantly recharge the groundwater. The study recommends that efforts should be put in place by the Local and State Governments to reduce the size of paved surfaces in these sub-watersheds by implementing a robust agroforestry program at the grass root level. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title="erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title=" flood"> flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation" title=" mitigation"> mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometry" title=" morphometry"> morphometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watershed" title=" watershed"> watershed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157915/geomorphometric-analysis-of-the-hydrologic-and-topographic-parameters-of-the-katsina-ala-drainage-basin-benue-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">94</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1255</span> Predictive Spectral Lithological Mapping, Geomorphology and Geospatial Correlation of Structural Lineaments in Bornu Basin, Northeast Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aminu%20Abdullahi%20Isyaku">Aminu Abdullahi Isyaku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Semi-arid Bornu basin in northeast Nigeria is characterised with flat topography, thick cover sediments and lack of continuous bedrock outcrops discernible for field geology. This paper presents the methodology for the characterisation of neotectonic surface structures and surface lithology in the north-eastern Bornu basin in northeast Nigeria as an alternative approach to field geological mapping using free multispectral Landsat 7 ETM+, SRTM DEM and ASAR Earth Observation datasets. Spectral lithological mapping herein developed utilised spectral discrimination of the surface features identified on Landsat 7 ETM+ images to infer on the lithology using four steps including; computations of band combination images; band ratio images; supervised image classification and inferences of the lithological compositions. Two complementary approaches to lineament mapping are carried out in this study involving manual digitization and automatic lineament extraction to validate the structural lineaments extracted from the Landsat 7 ETM+ image mosaic covering the study. A comparison between the mapped surface lineaments and lineament zones show good geospatial correlation and identified the predominant NE-SW and NW-SE structural trends in the basin. Topographic profiles across different parts of the Bama Beach Ridge palaeoshorelines in the basin appear to show different elevations across the feature. It is determined that most of the drainage systems in the northeastern Bornu basin are structurally controlled with drainage lines terminating against the paleo-lake border and emptying into the Lake Chad mainly arising from the extensive topographic high-stand Bama Beach Ridge palaeoshoreline. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bornu%20Basin" title="Bornu Basin">Bornu Basin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lineaments" title=" lineaments"> lineaments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20lithology" title=" spectral lithology"> spectral lithology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonics" title=" tectonics"> tectonics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106482/predictive-spectral-lithological-mapping-geomorphology-and-geospatial-correlation-of-structural-lineaments-in-bornu-basin-northeast-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1254</span> An Investigation into the Impact of the Relocation of Tannery Industry on Water Quality Parameters of Urban River Buriganga</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Asif%20Imrul">Md Asif Imrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Rafique"> Maria Rafique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Habibur%20Rahman"> M. Habibur Rahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study deals with an investigation into the impact of the relocation of tannery industry on water quality parameters of Buriganga. For this purpose, previous records have been collected from authentic data resources and for the attainment of present values, several samples were collected from three major locations of the Buriganga River during summer and winter seasons in 2018 to determine the distribution and variation of water quality parameters. Samples were collected six ft below the river water surface. Analysis indicates slightly acidic to slightly alkaline (6.8-7.49) in nature. Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Solids (TS) & Total Suspended Solids (TSS) have been found greater in summer. On the other hand, Dissolved Oxygen is found greater in rainy seasons. Relocation shows improvement in water quality parameters. Though the improvement related to relocation of tannery industry is not adequate to turn the water body to be an inhabitable place for aquatic lives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buriganga%20river" title="Buriganga river">Buriganga river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20pollution" title=" river pollution"> river pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannery%20industry" title=" tannery industry"> tannery industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality%20parameters" title=" water quality parameters"> water quality parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95752/an-investigation-into-the-impact-of-the-relocation-of-tannery-industry-on-water-quality-parameters-of-urban-river-buriganga" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1253</span> Land Degradation Assessment through Spatial Data Integration in Eastern Chotanagpur Plateau, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Avijit%20Mahala">Avijit Mahala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Present study is primarily concerned with the physical processes and status of land degradation in a tropical plateau fringe. Chotanagpur plateau is one of the most water erosion related degraded areas of India. The granite gneiss geological formation, low to medium developed soil cover, undulating lateritic uplands, high drainage density, low to medium rainfall (100-140cm), dry tropical deciduous forest cover makes the Silabati River basin a truly representative of the tropical environment. The different physical factors have been taken for land degradation study includes- physiographic formations, hydrologic characteristics, and vegetation cover. Water erosion, vegetal degradation, soil quality decline are the major processes of land degradation in study area. Granite-gneiss geological formation is responsible for developing undulating landforms. Less developed soil profile, low organic matter, poor structure of soil causes high soil erosion. High relief and sloppy areas cause unstable environment. The dissected highland causes topographic hindrance in productivity. High drainage density and frequency in rugged upland and intense erosion in sloppy areas causes high soil erosion of the basin. Decreasing rainfall and increasing aridity (low P/PET) threats water stress condition. Green biomass cover area is also continuously declining. Through overlaying the different physical factors (geological formation, soil characteristics, geomorphological characteristics, etc.) of considerable importance in GIS environment the varying intensities of land degradation areas has been identified. Middle reaches of Silabati basin with highly eroded laterite soil cover areas are more prone to land degradation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20degradation" title="land degradation">land degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20environment" title=" tropical environment"> tropical environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateritic%20upland" title=" lateritic upland"> lateritic upland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=undulating%20landform" title=" undulating landform"> undulating landform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aridity" title=" aridity"> aridity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20environment" title=" GIS environment"> GIS environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98922/land-degradation-assessment-through-spatial-data-integration-in-eastern-chotanagpur-plateau-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1252</span> Cloud Resources Utilization and Science Teacher’s Effectiveness in Secondary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Udey%20Udam">Michael Udey Udam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: This study investigated the impact of cloud resources, a component of cloud computing, on science teachers’ effectiveness in secondary schools in Cross River State. Three (3) research questions and three (3) alternative hypotheses guided the study. Method: The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 1209 science teachers in public secondary schools of Cross River state. Sample: A sample of 487 teachers was drawn from the population using a stratified random sampling technique. The researcher-made structured questionnaire with 18 was used for data collection for the study. Research question one was answered using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation, while research question two and the hypotheses were answered using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) at a 0.05 level of significance. Results: The results of the study revealed that there is a positive correlation between the utilization of cloud resources in teaching and teaching effectiveness among science teachers in secondary schools in Cross River state; there is a negative correlation between gender and utilization of cloud resources among science teachers in secondary schools in Cross River state; and that there is a significant correlation between teaching experience and the utilization of cloud resources among science teachers in secondary schools in Cross River state. Conclusion: The study justifies the effectiveness of the Cross River state government policy of introducing cloud computing into the education sector. The study recommends that the policy should be sustained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20resources" title="cloud resources">cloud resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=science%20teachers" title=" science teachers"> science teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title=" effectiveness"> effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20school" title=" secondary school"> secondary school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172534/cloud-resources-utilization-and-science-teachers-effectiveness-in-secondary-schools-in-cross-river-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1251</span> Flood Hazard and Risk Mapping to Assess Ice-Jam Flood Mitigation Measures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl-Erich%20Lindenschmidt">Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apurba%20Das"> Apurba Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joel%20Trudell"> Joel Trudell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keanne%20Russell"> Keanne Russell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this presentation, we explore options for mitigating ice-jam flooding along the Athabasca River in western Canada. Not only flood hazard, expressed in this case as the probability of flood depths and extents being exceeded, but also flood risk, in which annual expected damages are calculated. Flood risk is calculated, which allows a cost-benefit analysis to be made so that decisions on the best mitigation options are not based solely on flood hazard but also on the costs related to flood damages and the benefits of mitigation. The river ice model is used to simulate extreme ice-jam flood events with which scenarios are run to determine flood exposure and damages in flood-prone areas along the river. We will concentrate on three mitigation options – the placement of a dike, artificial breakage of the ice cover along the river, the installation of an ice-control structure, and the construction of a reservoir. However, any mitigation option is not totally failsafe. For example, dikes can still be overtopped and breached, and ice jams may still occur in areas of the river where ice covers have been artificially broken up. Hence, for all options, it is recommended that zoning of building developments away from greater flood hazard areas be upheld. Flood mitigation can have a negative effect of giving inhabitants a false sense of security that flooding may not happen again, leading to zoning policies being relaxed. (Text adapted from Lindenschmidt [2022] "Ice Destabilization Study - Phase 2", submitted to the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, Alberta, Canada) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ice%20jam" title="ice jam">ice jam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20hazard" title=" flood hazard"> flood hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20risk%20river%20ice%20modelling" title=" flood risk river ice modelling"> flood risk river ice modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20risk" title=" flood risk"> flood risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147292/flood-hazard-and-risk-mapping-to-assess-ice-jam-flood-mitigation-measures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1250</span> Bathymetric Change of Brahmaputra River and Its Influence on Flooding Scenario</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arup%20Kumar%20Sarma">Arup Kumar Sarma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohan%20Kar"> Rohan Kar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of physical model of River like Brahmaputra, which finds its origin in the Chema Yundung glacier of Tibet and flows through India and Bangladesh, is always expensive and very much time consuming. With the advancement of computational technique, mathematical modeling has found wide application. MIKE 21C is one such commercial software, developed by Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI), with the depth-averaged approach and a two-dimensional curvilinear finite-difference model, which is capable of modeling hydrodynamic and morphological processes with some limitations. The main purpose of this study are to generate bathymetry of the River Brahmaputra starting from “Sadia” at upstream to “Dhubri,” at downstream stretching a distance of approximately 695 km, for four different years: 1957, 1971, 1977, and 1981 over the grid generated in the MIKE 21C and to carry out the hydrodynamic simulation for these years to analyze the effect of bathymetry change on the surface water elevation. The study has established that bathymetric change can influence the flood level significantly in some of the river reaches and therefore the modification or updating of regular bathymetry is very much essential for the reliable flood routing in alluvial rivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bathymetry" title="bathymetry">bathymetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brahmaputra%20river" title=" brahmaputra river"> brahmaputra river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamic%20model" title=" hydrodynamic model"> hydrodynamic model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water%20elevation" title=" surface water elevation"> surface water elevation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16329/bathymetric-change-of-brahmaputra-river-and-its-influence-on-flooding-scenario" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1249</span> Reﬂectance Imaging Spectroscopy Data (Hyperspectral) for Mineral Mapping in the Orientale Basin Region on the Moon Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sivakumar">V. Sivakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Neelakantan"> R. Neelakantan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mineral mapping on the Moon surface provides the clue to understand the origin, evolution, stratigraphy and geological history of the Moon. Recently, reflectance imaging spectroscopy plays a significant role in identifying minerals on the planetary surface in the Visible to NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) onboard Chandrayaan-1 provides unprecedented spectral data of lunar surface to study about the Moon surface. Here we used the M3 sensor data (hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy) for analysing mineralogy of Orientale basin region on the Moon surface. Reflectance spectrums were sampled from different locations of the basin and continuum was removed using ENvironment for Visualizing Images (ENVI) software. Reflectance spectra of unknown mineral composition were compared with known Reflectance Experiment Laboratory (RELAB) spectra for discriminating mineralogy. Minerals like olivine, Low-Ca Pyroxene (LCP), High-Ca Pyroxene (HCP) and plagioclase were identified. In addition to these minerals, an unusual type of spectral signature was identified, which indicates the probable Fe-Mg-spinel lithology in the basin region. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chandryaan-1" title="chandryaan-1">chandryaan-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moon%20mineralogy%20mapper" title=" moon mineralogy mapper"> moon mineralogy mapper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mare%20orientale" title=" mare orientale"> mare orientale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moon" title=" moon"> moon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38068/reflectance-imaging-spectroscopy-data-hyperspectral-for-mineral-mapping-in-the-orientale-basin-region-on-the-moon-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1248</span> Assessment of Water Quality Network in Karoon River by Dynamic Programming Approach (DPA)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nasri%20Nasrabadi">M. Nasri Nasrabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Hassani"> A. A. Hassani </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Karoon is one of the greatest and longest rivers of Iran, which because of the existence of numerous industrial, agricultural centers and drinking usage, has a strategic situation in the west and southwest parts of Iran, and the optimal monitoring of its water quality is an essential and indispensable national issue. Due to financial constraints, water quality monitoring network design is an efficient way to manage water quality. The most crucial part is to find appropriate locations for monitoring stations. Considering the objectives of water usage, we evaluate existing water quality sampling stations of this river. There are several methods for assessment of existing monitoring stations such as Sanders method, multiple criteria decision making and dynamic programming approach (DPA) which DPA opted in this study. The results showed that due to the drinking water quality index out of 20 existing monitoring stations, nine stations should be retained on the river, that include of Gorgor-Band-Ghir of A zone, Dez-Band-Ghir of B zone, Teir, Pole Panjom and Zargan of C zone, Darkhoein, Hafar, Chobade, and Sabonsazi of D zone. In additional, stations of Dez river have the best conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPA" title="DPA">DPA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=karoon%20river" title=" karoon river"> karoon river</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20monitoring" title=" network monitoring"> network monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20quality" title=" water quality"> water quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling%20site" title=" sampling site"> sampling site</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16660/assessment-of-water-quality-network-in-karoon-river-by-dynamic-programming-approach-dpa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16660.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1247</span> Cadmium Accumulation and Depuration Characteristics through Food Source of Cage-Cultivated Fish after Accidental Pollution in Longjiang River</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qianli%20Ma">Qianli Ma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xuemin%20Zhao"> Xuemin Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingai%20Yao"> Lingai Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhencheng%20Xu"> Zhencheng Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Wang"> Li Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metal pollution accidents, frequently happened in this decade in China, severely threaten aquatic ecosystem and economy. In January 2012, a basin-scale accidental Cd pollution happened in Longjiang River in southwest China. Although water quality was recovered in short period by emergency treatment with flocculants, a large amount of contaminated cage-cultivated fish were left with the task of preventing or mitigating Cd contamination of fish. In this study, unpolluted Ctenopharyngodon idellus were fed by Cd-contaminated macrophytes for assessing the effect of Cd accumulation through food exposure, and the contaminated C. idellus were fed with Cd-free macrophytes for assessing the ability of Cd depuration. The on-site cultivation experiments were done in two sites of Lalang (S1, accidental Cd pollution originated) and Sancha (S2, a large amount of flocculants were added to accelerate Cd precipitation) in Longjiang river. Results showed that Cd content in fish muscle presented an increasing trend in the accumulation experiment. In S1, Cd content of fish muscle rose sharply from day 8 to day 18 with higher average Cd content in macrophytes and sediment, and kept in the range of 0.208-0.308 mg/kg afterward. In S2, Cd content of fish muscle rose gradually throughout the experiment and reached the maximum level of 0.285 mg/kg on day 76. The results of the depuration experiment showed that Cd content in fish muscle decreased and significant changes were observed in the first half time of the experiment. Meanwhile, fish with lower initial Cd content presented higher elimination constant. In S1, Cd content of fish significantly decreased from 0.713 to 0.304 mg/kg in 18 days and kept decreasing to 0.110 mg/kg in the end, and 84.6% of Cd content was eliminated. While in S2, there was a sharp decrease of Cd content of fish in 0-8 days from 0.355 mg/kg to 0.069 mg/kg. The total elimination percentage was 93.8% and 80.6% of which appeared in day 0-8. The elimination constant of fish in S2 was 0.03 which was higher than 0.02 in S1. Collectively, our results showed Cd could be absorbed through food exposure and accumulate in fish muscle, and the accumulated Cd in fish muscle can be excreted after isolated from the polluted food sources. This knowledge allows managers to assess health risk of Cd contaminated fish and minimize aquaculture loss when considering fish cultivation after accidental pollution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accidental%20pollution" title="accidental pollution">accidental pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium%20accumulation%20and%20depuration" title=" cadmium accumulation and depuration"> cadmium accumulation and depuration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cage-cultivated%20fish" title=" cage-cultivated fish"> cage-cultivated fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20management" title=" environmental management"> environmental management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river" title=" river"> river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74446/cadmium-accumulation-and-depuration-characteristics-through-food-source-of-cage-cultivated-fish-after-accidental-pollution-in-longjiang-river" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">256</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1246</span> Assessment of the Water Quality of the Nhue River in Vietnam and its Suitability for Irrigation Water</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Lan%20Huong%20Nguyen">Thi Lan Huong Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motohei%20Kanayama"> Motohei Kanayama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Higashi"> Takahiro Higashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Chinh%20Le"> Van Chinh Le</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thu%20Ha%20Doan"> Thu Ha Doan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anh%20Dao%20Chu"> Anh Dao Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Nhue River in Vietnam is the main source of irrigation water for suburban agricultural land and fish farm. Wastewater from the industrial plants located along these rivers has been discharged, which has degraded the water quality of the rivers. The present paper describes the chemical properties of water from the river focusing on heavy metal pollution and the suitability of water quality for irrigation. Water from the river was heavily polluted with heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Ni. Dissolved oxygen, COD, and total suspended solids, and the concentrations of all heavy metals exceeded the Vietnamese standard for surface water quality in all investigated sites. The concentrations of some heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni were over the internationally recommended WHO maximum limits for irrigation water. A wide variation in heavy metal concentration of water due to metal types is the result of wastewater discharged from different industrial sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20water" title=" stream water"> stream water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title=" industry"> industry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3344/assessment-of-the-water-quality-of-the-nhue-river-in-vietnam-and-its-suitability-for-irrigation-water" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1245</span> Flood Hazard Impact Based on Simulation Model of Potential Flood Inundation in Lamong River, Gresik Regency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunita%20Ratih%20Wijayanti">Yunita Ratih Wijayanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20Rahmawati"> Dwi Rahmawati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Turniningtyas%20Ayu%20Rahmawati"> Turniningtyas Ayu Rahmawati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gresik is one of the districts in East Java Province, Indonesia. Gresik Regency has three major rivers, namely Bengawan Solo River, Brantas River, and Lamong River. Lamong River is a tributary of Bengawan Solo River. Flood disasters that occur in Gresik Regency are often caused by the overflow of the Lamong River. The losses caused by the flood were very large and certainly detrimental to the affected people. Therefore, to be able to minimize the impact caused by the flood, it is necessary to take preventive action. However, before taking preventive action, it is necessary to have information regarding potential inundation areas and water levels at various points. For this reason, a flood simulation model is needed. In this study, the simulation was carried out using the Geographic Information System (GIS) method with the help of Global Mapper software. The approach used in this simulation is to use a topographical approach with Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) data. DEMs data have been widely used for various researches to analyze hydrology. The results obtained from this flood simulation are the distribution of flood inundation and water level. The location of the inundation serves to determine the extent of the flooding that occurs by referring to the 50-100 year flood plan, while the water level serves to provide early warning information. Both will be very useful to find out how much loss will be caused in the future due to flooding in Gresik Regency so that the Gresik Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency can take precautions before the flood disaster strikes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20hazard" title="flood hazard">flood hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation%20model" title=" simulation model"> simulation model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20inundation" title=" potential inundation"> potential inundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20mapper" title=" global mapper"> global mapper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gresik%20Regency" title=" Gresik Regency"> Gresik Regency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155596/flood-hazard-impact-based-on-simulation-model-of-potential-flood-inundation-in-lamong-river-gresik-regency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1244</span> Geomorphological Features and their Significance Along Dhauli Ganga River Valley in North-Eastern Kumaun Himalaya in Pithauragah District, Uttarakhand, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puran%20Chandra%20Joshi">Puran Chandra Joshi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Himalaya is the newest mountain system on this earth. This highest as well as fragile mountain system is still rising up. The tectonic activities have been experienced by this entire area, so the geomorphology of the region is affected by it. As we know, geomorphology is the study of landforms and their processes on the earth surface. These landforms are very important for human beings and other creatures on this planet. Present paper traces out the geomorphological features and their significance along Dhauli Ganga river valley in the Himalaya. Study area falls in higher Himalaya, which has experienced glacial and fluvial processes. Dhauli Ganga river is a considerable tributary of river kali, which is the part of huge Gangetic system. Dhauli originates in the form of two tributaries from valley glaciers of the southern slopes of Kumaun-Tibbet water divide. The upper catchment of this river has been carved by the glacial activity. The area of investigation is a remote regionin, Kumaun Himalaya. The native people do seasonal migration due to harsh winters. In summers, they return back with their cattle. In this season, they also grow potatoes and pulses, especiallybeanson river terraces. This study is important for making policies in the entire area. Area has witnessed big landslide in the recent past. So, the present study becomes more important. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=himalaya" title="himalaya">himalaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geomorphology" title=" geomorphology"> geomorphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glacial" title=" glacial"> glacial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tectonics" title=" tectonics"> tectonics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150609/geomorphological-features-and-their-significance-along-dhauli-ganga-river-valley-in-north-eastern-kumaun-himalaya-in-pithauragah-district-uttarakhand-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150609.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1243</span> Stream Channel Changes in Balingara River, Sulawesi Tengah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhardiyan%20Erawan">Muhardiyan Erawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaenal%20Mutaqin"> Zaenal Mutaqin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Balingara River is one of the rivers with the type Gravel-Bed in Indonesia. Gravel-Bed Rivers easily deformed in a relatively short time due to several variables, that are climate (rainfall), river discharge, topography, rock types, and land cover. To determine stream channel changes in Balingara River used Landsat 7 and 8 and analyzed planimetric or two dimensions. Parameters to determine changes in the stream channel are sinuosity ratio, Brice Index, the extent of erosion and deposition. Changes in stream channel associated with changes in land cover then analyze with a descriptive analysis of spatial and temporal. The location of a stream channel has a low gradient in the upstream, and middle watershed with the type of rock in the form of gravel is more easily changed than other locations. Changes in the area of erosion and deposition influence the land cover changes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brice%20Index" title="Brice Index">Brice Index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erosion" title=" erosion"> erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deposition" title=" deposition"> deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravel-bed" title=" gravel-bed"> gravel-bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover%20change" title=" land cover change"> land cover change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sinuosity%20ratio" title=" sinuosity ratio"> sinuosity ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream%20channel%20change" title=" stream channel change"> stream channel change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70833/stream-channel-changes-in-balingara-river-sulawesi-tengah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1242</span> A Hill Town in Nature to Urban Sprawl: Shimla (HP) India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minakshi%20Jain">Minakshi Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20P.%20Singh"> I. P. Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The mountain system makes the one fifth of the world’s landscape and is the home to the 600 million people. Though hills and mountains contain about 10 percent of the total population of the country, yet almost half of the country’s population living in or adjacent to the mountain areas depend directly or indirectly on the resources of the hills. Mountain environments are essential to the survival of the global ecosystems, as they sustain the economy of India through its perennial river system and precious forest wealth. Hill areas, with distinct climate, diverse vegetation and valuable flora & fauna are distinguished primarily by unique eco-system, rich both in bio-diversity and visual resources. These areas have special significance in terms of environment and economy. Still the irony is that these mountain ecosystems are fragile and highly susceptible to disturbance, with a low ability to rebound and heal after damage. Hills are home to endangered species, biological diversity and an essential part of the ecosystem. They are extremely sensitive to any human related development. Natural systems are the most ignored in the hills. The way the cities and towns have encroached them today has the serious repercussions on the climate. Amidst immense resources and constraints of nature, the town had a fantastic diversity of cultural and ethnic characteristics nurtured through ages along river basin and valley strung across the length and breadth of this Himalayan setting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-system" title="eco-system">eco-system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-diversity" title=" bio-diversity"> bio-diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sprawl" title=" urban sprawl"> urban sprawl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vernacular%20landscape" title=" vernacular landscape"> vernacular landscape</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15594/a-hill-town-in-nature-to-urban-sprawl-shimla-hp-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15594.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1241</span> Contribution of Algerians Local Materials on the Compressive Strengths of Concrete: Experimental and Numerical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Lyes%20Kamel%20Khouadjia">Mohamed Lyes Kamel Khouadjia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouzidi%20Mezghiche"> Bouzidi Mezghiche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The evolution in the civil engineering and carried out more consumption of aggregates and particularly the sand. Due to the depletion of natural reserves of sand, it is necessary to focus on the use of local materials such as crushed sand, river sand and dune sand, mineral additions. The aim of this work is to improve the state of knowledge on the compressive strengths of crushed sands with several mixtures (dune sand, river sand, pozzolan, and slag). The obtained results were compared with numerical results obtained with the software Béton Lab Pro 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crushed%20sand" title="crushed sand">crushed sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20sand" title=" river sand"> river sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dune%20sand" title=" dune sand"> dune sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pouzzolan" title=" pouzzolan"> pouzzolan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slag" title=" slag"> slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strengths" title=" compressive strengths"> compressive strengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9ton%20Lab%20Pro%203" title=" Béton Lab Pro 3"> Béton Lab Pro 3</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32109/contribution-of-algerians-local-materials-on-the-compressive-strengths-of-concrete-experimental-and-numerical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1240</span> The Analysis of Priority Flood Control Management Using Analysis Hierarchy Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pravira%20Rizki%20Suwarno">Pravira Rizki Suwarno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanny%20Aliza%20Savitri"> Fanny Aliza Savitri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priseyola%20Ayunda%20Prima"> Priseyola Ayunda Prima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pipin%20Surahman"> Pipin Surahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahelga%20Levina%20Amran"> Mahelga Levina Amran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khoirunisa%20Ulya%20Nur%20Utari"> Khoirunisa Ulya Nur Utari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nora%20Permatasari"> Nora Permatasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Bogowonto River or commonly called the Bhagawanta River, is one of the rivers on Java Island. It is located in Central Java, Indonesia. Its watershed area is 35 km² with 57 km long. This river covers three regencies, namely Wonosobo Regency and Magelang Regency in the upstream and Purworejo Regency in the south and downstream. The Bogowonto River experiences channel narrowing and silting. It is caused by garbage along the river that comes from livestock and household waste. The narrowing channel and siltation cause a capacity reduction of the river to drain flood discharge. Comprehensive and sustainable actions are needed in dealing with current and future floods. Based on these current conditions, a priority scale is required. Therefore, this study aims to determine the priority scale of flood management in Purworejo Regency using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. This method will determine the appropriate actions based on the rating. In addition, there will be field observations through distributing questionnaires to several parties, including the stakeholders and the community. The results of this study will be in 2 (two) forms of actions, both structurally covering water structures and non-structural, including social, environmental, and law enforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytical hierarchy process">analytical hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bogowonto" title=" bogowonto"> bogowonto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood%20control" title=" flood control"> flood control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142960/the-analysis-of-priority-flood-control-management-using-analysis-hierarchy-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1239</span> Spatial Orientation of Land Use Activities along Buffalo River Estuary: A Study in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ngunga">A. Ngunga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Soviti"> M. K. Soviti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Nakin"> S. Nakin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Africa is one of the developing countries rich in estuary ecosystem. Previous studies have identified many impacts of land use activities on the pollution status of the estuaries. These land use activity and related practices are often blamed for the many pollution problems affecting the estuaries. For example, the estuarine ecosystems on a global scale are experiencing vast transformations from anthropogenic influences; Buffalo River Estuary is one of the influenced estuaries whereby the sources of pollution are unknown. These problems consequently lead to the degradation of the estuaries. The aim of the research was to establish the factors that have the potential to impact pollution status of Buffalo river estuary. Study focuses on Identifying and mapping land use activities along Buffalo River Estuary. Questionnaire survey, structured interviews, direct observation, GPS survey and ArcGIS mapping were the methods used for data collection in the area, and results were analyzed and presented by ANOVA and Microsoft Excel statistical methods. The results showed that harbour is the main source of pollution, in Buffalo River Estuary, through Ballast water discharge. Therefore that requires more concern for protecting and cleaning the estuary. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estuary" title="estuary">estuary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land-use%20activities" title=" land-use activities"> land-use activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mapping" title=" mapping"> mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20pollution" title=" water pollution"> water pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83788/spatial-orientation-of-land-use-activities-along-buffalo-river-estuary-a-study-in-buffalo-city-metropolitan-municipality-eastern-cape-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1238</span> Seasonal Variation of the Impact of Mining Activities on Ga-Selati River in Limpopo Province, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshua%20N.%20Edokpayi">Joshua N. Edokpayi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20O.%20Odiyo"> John O. Odiyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patience%20P.%20Shikwambana"> Patience P. Shikwambana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water is a very rare natural resource in South Africa. Ga-Selati River is used for both domestic and industrial purposes. This study was carried out in order to assess the quality of Ga-Selati River in a mining area of Limpopo Province-Phalaborwa. The pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were determined using a Crinson multimeter while turbidity was measured using a Labcon Turbidimeter. The concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na and Pb were analysed in triplicate using a Varian 520 flame atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) supplied by PerkinElmer, after acid digestion with nitric acid in a fume cupboard. The average pH of the river from eight different sampling sites was 8.00 and 9.38 in wet and dry season respectively. Higher EC values were determined in the dry season (138.7 mS/m) than in the wet season (96.93 mS/m). Similarly, TDS values were higher in dry (929.29 mg/L) than in the wet season (640.72 mg/L) season. These values exceeded the recommended guideline of South Africa Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) for domestic water use (70 mS/m) and that of the World Health Organization (WHO) (600 mS/m), respectively. Turbidity varied between 1.78-5.20 and 0.95-2.37 NTU in both wet and dry seasons. Total hardness of 312.50 mg/L and 297.75 mg/L as the concentration of CaCO3 was computed for the river in both the wet and the dry seasons and the river water was categorised as very hard. Mean concentration of the metals studied in both the wet and the dry seasons are: Na (94.06 mg/L and 196.3 mg/L), K (11.79 mg/L and 13.62 mg/L), Ca (45.60 mg/L and 41.30 mg/L), Mg (48.41 mg/L and 44.71 mg/L), Al (0.31 mg/L and 0.38 mg/L), Cd (0.01 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L), Cr (0.02 mg/L and 0.09 mg/L), Pb (0.05 mg/L and 0.06 mg/L), Mn (0.31 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L) and Fe (0.76 mg/L and 0.69 mg/L). Results from this study reveal that most of the metals were present in concentrations higher than the recommended guidelines of DWAF and WHO for domestic use and the protection of aquatic life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title="contamination">contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining%20activities" title=" mining activities"> mining activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20water" title=" surface water"> surface water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trace%20metals" title=" trace metals"> trace metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40798/seasonal-variation-of-the-impact-of-mining-activities-on-ga-selati-river-in-limpopo-province-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1237</span> Application of ANN and Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Runoff and Sediment Yield Modelling of Kal River, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Kothari">Mahesh Kothari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20D.%20Gharde"> K. D. Gharde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ANN and fuzzy logic (FL) models were developed to predict the runoff and sediment yield for catchment of Kal river, India using 21 years (1991 to 2011) rainfall and other hydrological data (evaporation, temperature and streamflow lag by one and two day) and 7 years data for sediment yield modelling. The ANN model performance improved with increasing the input vectors. The fuzzy logic model was performing with R value more than 0.95 during developmental stage and validation stage. The comparatively FL model found to be performing well to ANN in prediction of runoff and sediment yield for Kal river. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transferred%20function" title="transferred function">transferred function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sigmoid" title=" sigmoid"> sigmoid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backpropagation" title=" backpropagation"> backpropagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membership%20function" title=" membership function"> membership function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defuzzification" title=" defuzzification "> defuzzification </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33110/application-of-ann-and-fuzzy-logic-algorithms-for-runoff-and-sediment-yield-modelling-of-kal-river-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=9" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">10</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=11">11</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=12">12</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=13">13</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=51">51</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=52">52</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekong%20River%20Basin&page=11" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul 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