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href="#Recruitment_and_converts_from_other_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recruitment and converts from other sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recruitment_and_converts_from_other_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Special:EditPage/Ruck (Australian rules football)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ruck%22+Australian+rules+football">"Ruck" Australian rules football</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ruck%22+Australian+rules+football+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ruck%22+Australian+rules+football&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ruck%22+Australian+rules+football+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ruck%22+Australian+rules+football">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ruck%22+Australian+rules+football&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Playing position in Australian rules football</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg/400px-Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg/600px-Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg/800px-Andrew_Phillips_and_Nic_Naitanui_ruck_contest.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2586" data-file-height="1724" /></a><figcaption>A ruck contest from an AFL match in 2018. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Phillips_(footballer,_born_1991)" title="Andrew Phillips (footballer, born 1991)">Andrew Phillips</a> <i>(left)</i> and <a href="/wiki/Nic_Naitanui" title="Nic Naitanui">Nic Naitanui</a> <i>(right)</i> contest a ball up from the umpire (in green) while players below await the tap.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>, the <b>ruck</b> is the name given to both the contests for the ball initiated by a field <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Umpire (Australian rules football)">umpire</a> to commence play, and to the players' specialist position who nominate to contest them (sometimes gendered as a <b>ruckman/ruckwoman</b>). The ruck occurs at centre bounces and stoppages when the umpire sends the into the air during a <a href="/wiki/Ball-up" title="Ball-up">Ball-up</a> or a boundary throw-in. According to the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Australian_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Australian Football">Laws of Australian Football</a> only a nominated ruck may contest the ruck. The rucks are among the most important players on the field as they are the first to set up play for their team. As reach is instrumental to winning ruck contests, <a href="/wiki/Human_height" title="Human height">height</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm_span" title="Arm span">arm span</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertical_leap" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical leap">vertical leap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endurance" title="Endurance">endurance</a> are huge physical advantages so the rucks are usually the tallest on each team. </p><p>The role of the ruck in Australian rules is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Lock_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (rugby union)">lock in rugby union</a> contesting a <a href="/wiki/Line-out_(rugby_union)" title="Line-out (rugby union)">line-out</a>. The key differences are that with the exception of boundary throw-ins, the ball is almost always thrown straight up high into the air rather than horizontally, so in this respect, the ruck is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Center_(basketball)" title="Center (basketball)">basketball centre</a>. The ruck needs to be able to control the ball by palm tap or fist with outstretched arms. Unlike rugby, the ruck must rely on <a href="/wiki/Vertical_leap" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical leap">vertical leap</a> because lifting teammates is not allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-laws_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-laws-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australian football rucking often involves vigorous mid-air collisions with the opposing ruck. </p><p>With no offside or knock on rules, the ruck can tap the ball in any direction. Before a bounce down or ball up, rucks confer with the onballers (rovers and ruck-rovers) to pre-determine the direction of the tap so that they can position themselves to best receive it to the team's advantage. </p><p>The ruck is typically the tallest player on either team. A typical professional <a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">Australian Football League</a> ruck is over 200 cm or 6'7.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While teams historically would play one primary ruck, the relaxation of interchange and substitution rules at the professional level has allowed teams to select players for multiple ruck roles and tactics.<sup id="cite_ref-renaissance_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renaissance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a ruck beats their opponent by contacting the ball, it is called a <i>hit out</i> and measured as a statistic and performance indicator of effective ruckwork. Although the ruck is the primary player to score hit-outs, sometimes tall key position players fill in for the ruck around the ground if the ruck cannot run to make the contest in time. </p><p>Rucking is one of the most physically demanding positions on the ground, both in terms of fitness and body contact. As a result of the high level of physical contact of clashing with opponents in the air, many rucks have large physiques or bulk up to prevent injury. As well, due to the use of knees when jumping, many rucks wear protective thigh and shin padding, whereas players in other positions rarely do. Coaches often field more than one ruck and rotate them due to the physical pressure of the position and the endurance of having to run to ruck contests around the ground. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruck_styles">Ruck styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ruck styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ar_contesting-web.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ar_contesting-web.jpg/170px-Ar_contesting-web.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ar_contesting-web.jpg/255px-Ar_contesting-web.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ar_contesting-web.jpg/340px-Ar_contesting-web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Two rucks contest the bounce in a suburban western <a href="/wiki/Sydney_AFL" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney AFL">Sydney AFL</a> game between the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Eagles_AFC" class="mw-redirect" title="East Coast Eagles AFC">East Coast Eagles AFC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campbelltown_Kangaroos_AFC" class="mw-redirect" title="Campbelltown Kangaroos AFC">Campbelltown Kangaroos AFC</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rucks are sometimes classified by their style of play, although many players alternate styles during a game based on strategy, the style of an opponent, their physical attributes and versatility. </p><p>A <i>tap ruck</i> (or <i>palm ruck</i>) is the most skillful and high jumping of styles. Players using this style will deftly palm the ball directly down to the advantage of a smaller teammate or <a href="/wiki/Follower_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Follower (Australian rules football)">rover</a>, often making their hitouts the most effective. <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League" title="West Australian Football League">WAFL</a> and <a href="/wiki/VFL/AFL" class="mw-redirect" title="VFL/AFL">VFL</a> great <a href="/wiki/Polly_Farmer" title="Polly Farmer">Polly Farmer</a> is considered to be one of the best all-time rucks of this style.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The AFL's <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sandilands" title="Aaron Sandilands">Aaron Sandilands</a> is a good recent example.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>mobile ruck</i> (or <i>mobile bigman</i>) often describes a ruck that covers a lot of ground. Sometime this type of ruck is not as tall, as big, or effective at hit outs, but may possess a high leap and greater athletic endurance. Against less mobile rucks, this type of player can compensate with an ability to take more marks around the ground playing effectively as a tall ruck rover and sometimes with the additional ability to kick goals while playing from the midfield or drop back into defence when required. During the 1980s and 1990s this style became dominant among professional teams and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Stynes" title="Jim Stynes">Jim Stynes</a> was one of the first in this mould.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stynes and <a href="/wiki/Scott_Wynd" title="Scott Wynd">Scott Wynd</a> won successive Brownlow medals playing this role, the last two rucks to be awarded the honour.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most contemporary professional rucks are considered mobile rucks and require the athletic endurance to cover the entire ground.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>heavy ruck</i> (or <i>thump ruck</i>) practices a more physical style of rucking. Typically, the bulkier player uses brute force (and a style often referred to as "crash and bash") to take their opponent out of the contest and punch the ball forward, often going for distance and penetration into their attacking zone. These players are typically slower around the ground and less inclined to jump, as such are sometimes referred to as "dinosaurs" and sometimes criticised for a lack of skill around the ground. Heavy rucks became the dominant rucks in the VFL/AFL in the 1890s and also the 1960s and 1970s. The early 2000s saw a brief revival of the style as the addition of third and fourth interchange players by 1998 enabled sides to field multiple rucks. One the last successful heavy rucks to feature prominently was <a href="/wiki/Clark_Keating" title="Clark Keating">Clark Keating</a> who, despite giving away significant height and leap to his opponents, used his bulky 197cm and 103kg frame to help the <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_Lions" title="Brisbane Lions">Brisbane Lions</a> to three premierships from 2001. At the beginning of 2003, the AFL rules were changed so that rucks must stand at opposite sides and run towards each other. This neutralised the advantage of this type of ruckman who was no longer able to outbody their opponents, with players must now required to maximise their jump and reach if they are to win the tap. While some such as <a href="/wiki/Brendon_Lade" title="Brendon Lade">Brendon Lade</a> were able to successfully adapt, the rule changes helped end the careers of the likes of Keating<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many others and saw a generation of taller and athletic mobile rucks dominate.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <i>backup ruck</i> (or <i>pinch hitting ruck</i>) is a support ruck used in short bursts to test the endurance of their opponents. This is most often used during 'pinches' - periods of frequent defensive stoppages at critical points in the game.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are rested on the bench or the forward line for long periods or rotated into the ruck and function to both relieve the primary ruck and use short burts of power to overwhelm exhausted opponents. They often lack the height and endurance of a primary ruckman but can be used to effectively neutralise a dominant ruck over the course of a game. This style came into prominence since the 1990s as the AFL gradually increased the <a href="/wiki/Interchange_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Interchange (Australian rules football)">interchange</a> from 2 players to 5 allowing an additional spot for one or more rucks. Initially heavy rucks were often designated pinch hitters until the centre bounce rules were changed in 2003. During the 2010s substitute rucks and taller forwards would often combine as pinch hitters.<sup id="cite_ref-renaissance_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-renaissance-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategies_using_rucks">Strategies using rucks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Strategies using rucks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rucks are often used by coaches strategically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacking_strategies">Attacking strategies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Attacking strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruckwork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ruckwork.jpg/220px-Ruckwork.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ruckwork.jpg/330px-Ruckwork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Ruckwork.jpg/440px-Ruckwork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1185" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Western_Bulldogs" title="Western Bulldogs">Western Bulldogs</a> player rises over the top of the two designated rucks to employ a tandem "third man up" ruckwork strategy in an AFL match in 2007 at the Telstra Dome in Melbourne. A decade later this would be made illegal by the AFL.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG/220px-Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG/330px-Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG/440px-Australian_Rules_ruck_tap.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>A ruck contest after an umpire ball-up during a <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Australian_rules_football" title="Women's Australian rules football">women's game</a>. Players surround the contest, waiting for the tap.</figcaption></figure> <p>Using <i>tandem rucks</i>, often known as <i>third man up</i>, is a tactic often employed around the ground as a set play strategy (though was made illegal by the AFL from 2016<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). As only one ruck from each side can be used at centre bounces, this tactic is restricted to boundary throw-ins and bounces. It involves a second tall or high jumping player from one of the sides contesting the ruck, typically when the taller rucks are wrestling at ground level or consistently ineffective in getting a clear tap away. The tactic became especially popular during the 2015 season. It often results in a thump forward to keep the ball moving towards goal, as it is difficult for the shorter player contesting the ruck to aim a tap. This is because they are not able to be assisted by lifting and can often be put off balance in the air when jumping over the top of rucks. Additionally, by committing an extra player to the ruck contest, there is one less player from that team around the contest - though this can also have the effect of opening up space for more creative roving players. Some key position players are designated <i>secondary rucks</i> for boundary throw-ins and will sometimes be used in tandem ruckwork. </p><p>During kick-ins the ruck can sometimes be a designated target. With extra height it is difficult for opposition players to take marks against them and they are an easier target to spot in a cluster. However the AFL's introduction of Gaelic Football's quick kick-in rule in 2006 tended to favour shorter passes to smaller players over set plays with high kicks involving the ruck. </p><p>In a contested situation, the ruck may be instructed to "bring the ball to ground", so that the smaller rovers or crumbers on their team know to attack the ball from front and square positions to gain possession. This strategy is particularly effective when playing in wet weather where the slippery ball and tighter contests make it more difficult for the ruck to take clean possession. </p><p>Rucks are sometimes dropped into the <a href="/wiki/Goal_square" class="mw-redirect" title="Goal square">goal square</a> during an attack on goals from outside scoring distance. This way they become a tall marking target if a player decides to "bomb" a kick into the goal square. The term <i>resting ruck</i> is used when a ruck is played in the forward line between stints in the ruck. As the ruck requires almost constant running, "resting" in the forward line gives the ruck much needed breaks and with their heights they do not need to run or lead as much into space to contest marks when the ball does reach the forward line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defensive_strategies">Defensive strategies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Defensive strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some coaches instruct rucks to drop back <i>into the hole</i>, which effectively is the open space in which a <a href="/wiki/Full-forward" title="Full-forward">full-forward</a> might lead. This way the tall player can cut off a low pass designed to hit a <a href="/wiki/Full-forward" title="Full-forward">full-forward</a>. Standing in the road of a large key forward leading out at full speed requires a lot of courage. </p><p>Rucks will sometimes be designated to <i>stand the mark</i> when an opposition takes a kick on goal. The extra height of the ruck means that the player has to kick higher, meaning more chance of missing, dropping short or even the possibility of actually kicking into the man on the mark (called a smother). </p><p>When an opposition player is having a set shot at goal, particularly from a long distance or on an acute angle, the ruck may be instructed to run all the way to the goal square to protect it, temporarily playing a similar role to a <a href="/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)" title="Goalkeeper (association football)">goalkeeper</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">gaelic football</a>. Despite no height limit for the goal, the ball will always have a curved <a href="/wiki/Trajectory" title="Trajectory">trajectory</a> and many kicks tend to drop short. Being the tallest player, it gives the ruck the best opportunity of any player to touch the ball before it goes through the goal posts and create an obstacle in area of goal to kick through. This can result in a behind instead of a goal and save 5 points, or can remain in the field of play with no score. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruck_history_and_rules">Ruck history and rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ruck history and rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg/300px-McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg/450px-McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg/600px-McEvoy_and_Jacobs_ruck_contest.3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3286" data-file-height="2187" /></a><figcaption>A ruck contest occurs in a 2017 AFL match between <a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Football_Club" title="Hawthorn Football Club">Hawthorn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club" title="Adelaide Football Club">Adelaide</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The ball-up has been a feature of the Laws of the Game since 1872,<sup id="cite_ref-review1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-review1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> necessitating a "ruck" with the term entering the Australian rules vernacular around 1876. The term for the player was not initially gendered, "ruck-man" or "ruckman" did not enter general use until early in the 20th century (circa 1903). Bouncing the ball for the ruck became common from as early as 1880;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the rules formally changed to a mandate a bounce in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, a new centre circle rule was introduced to reduce the ruck's run-up. The aim was to decrease the knee clashes and <a href="/wiki/Posterior_cruciate_ligament" title="Posterior cruciate ligament">posterior cruciate ligament</a> injuries experienced by many rucks. The new rules favour taller players and those with high vertical leaps, and many mobile rucks now find it difficult to contest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2008_AFL_season" title="2008 AFL season">2008 AFL season</a>, the AFL introduced an additional two boundary umpires which many labelled the "quick throw-in" rule. Designed to make the game faster and more attractive for television viewers, this new rule had the unintended effect of many professional rucks no longer being able to contest boundary throw-ins.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The practice of "third man up" was outlawed for the <a href="/wiki/2017_AFL_season" title="2017 AFL season">2017 season</a> and beyond, in order to protect rucks. A player from each team must be "nominated" at each ruck contest, and only the nominated players can contest the ruck. No other player may come into contact with the ball until it has been hit by either ruck or until the ball hits the ground, or they will have a "ruck infringement" free kick given against them. Due to initial practice phase during the <a href="/wiki/JLT_Community_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="JLT Community Series">JLT Community Series</a>, many free kicks were given against players who accidentally came into contact with the ball, especially when they were not watching the contest. A notable example of this was when <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Crows" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide Crows">Adelaide Crows</a> player <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dean_Gore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dean Gore (page does not exist)">Dean Gore</a> was penalised after the ball hit him before it had been cleared. Gore was facing away from the contest. As a direct result of this and other similar incidents, the AFL clarified the rule, so that if the field umpire concluded that a player genuinely contacted the ball accidentally, a play on would be called.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_rucks">Modern rucks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern rucks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg/170px-Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg/255px-Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg/340px-Aaron_Sandilands_and_Lance_Whitnall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="1372" /></a><figcaption>Standing at 211 cm (6'11") tall, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sandilands" title="Aaron Sandilands">Aaron Sandilands</a> (right) of the <a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Dockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremantle Dockers">Fremantle Dockers</a> makes for an effective ruck.</figcaption></figure> <p>Examples of modern-day rucks in the Australian Football League include <a href="/wiki/Max_Gawn" title="Max Gawn">Max Gawn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brodie_Grundy" title="Brodie Grundy">Brodie Grundy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nic_Naitanui" title="Nic Naitanui">Nic Naitanui</a> and <a href="/wiki/Todd_Goldstein" title="Todd Goldstein">Todd Goldstein</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Sandilands" title="Aaron Sandilands">Aaron Sandilands</a> stood at 2.11m (6 ft 11 in) which was the equal tallest (along with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Street" title="Peter Street">Peter Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mason_Cox" title="Mason Cox">Mason Cox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ned_Reeves" title="Ned Reeves">Ned Reeves</a>) ruck in AFL/VFL history and was considered to be one of the most dominant rucks in the game.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recruitment_and_converts_from_other_sports">Recruitment and converts from other sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recruitment and converts from other sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the requirement for rucks to be very tall, in recent years clubs have often gone outside of the traditional junior football leagues to recruit rucks. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cameron_Jackson_(sportsman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cameron Jackson (sportsman) (page does not exist)">Cameron Jackson</a> was recruited by <a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Football_Club" title="Fremantle Football Club">Fremantle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1997_AFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 AFL Draft">1998 Rookie Draft</a> after previously playing in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Australia)" title="National Basketball League (Australia)">National Basketball League</a>, but never played an AFL game. <a href="/wiki/Dean_Brogan" title="Dean Brogan">Dean Brogan</a> who was picked by <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club" title="Port Adelaide Football Club">Port Adelaide</a> with the 26th selection in the <a href="/wiki/1999_AFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 AFL Draft">1999 AFL Draft</a> was much more successful, with Brogan playing for Port for 12 seasons and playing 174 games, including the being a member of the winning <a href="/wiki/2004_AFL_Grand_Final" title="2004 AFL Grand Final">2004 AFL Grand Final</a> team. He had previously won an NBL championship with the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_36ers" title="Adelaide 36ers">Adelaide 36ers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-punt_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-punt-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other basketballers such as <a href="/wiki/David_Fanning_(footballer)" title="David Fanning (footballer)">David Fanning</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cairns_Taipans" title="Cairns Taipans">Cairns Taipans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club" title="Collingwood Football Club">Collingwood</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Bass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Bass (page does not exist)">Daniel Bass</a> (<a href="/wiki/Metro_State_Roadrunners_men%27s_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro State Roadrunners men's basketball">Metropolitan State University of Denver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide_Football_Club" title="Port Adelaide Football Club">Port Adelaide</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-punt_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-punt-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seamus_McNamara" title="Seamus McNamara">Seamus McNamara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marist_Red_Foxes_men%27s_basketball" title="Marist Red Foxes men's basketball">Marist College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regionalliga" title="Regionalliga">TSV Dachau Spurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club" title="Collingwood Football Club">Collingwood</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Starling" title="Alex Starling">Alex Starling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bethune%E2%80%93Cookman_Wildcats_men%27s_basketball" title="Bethune–Cookman Wildcats men's basketball">Bethune-Cookman University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Swans" title="Sydney Swans">Sydney</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_Dowell_(footballer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben Dowell (footballer) (page does not exist)">Ben Dowell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Broncos_men%27s_basketball" title="Santa Clara Broncos men's basketball">Santa Clara University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Football_Club" title="Adelaide Football Club">Adelaide</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have all been recruited, but have not been as successful as Brogan in adapting to Australian football at the AFL level. Another non-traditional recruit, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pyke" title="Mike Pyke">Mike Pyke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team" title="Canada national rugby union team">Canada rugby union</a>, <a href="/wiki/US_Montauban" title="US Montauban">US Montauban</a> and Sydney), has enjoyed somewhat more AFL success than most of the aforementioned basketballers.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jason_Holmes" title="Jason Holmes">Jason Holmes</a> was also recruited from a college basketball background and became the first Americans to play in the AFL.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Guardian_-_20_August_2015_-_St_Kilda's_Jason_Holmes_set_to_become_first_American_to_play_AFL_game_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Guardian_-_20_August_2015_-_St_Kilda's_Jason_Holmes_set_to_become_first_American_to_play_AFL_game-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aforementioned Mason Cox (<a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Cowboys_basketball" title="Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball">Oklahoma State University basketball</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collingwood_Football_Club" title="Collingwood Football Club">Collingwood</a>) has also had a solid career to date.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Follower_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Follower (Australian rules football)">Follower (Australian rules football)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-laws-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-laws_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://play.afl/sites/default/files/2024-03/2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf">"Laws of Australian Football 2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Australian Football League. 2024. p. 58<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Laws+of+Australian+Football+2024&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Australian+Football+League&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplay.afl%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-03%2F2024-Laws-of-Australian-Football-Mobile.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maine, Jim. "Aussie Rules For Dummies". pg 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2009/02/25/1235237738878.html">"The AFL and the lore of averages"</a>. <i>Theage.com.au</i>. 26 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theage.com.au&rft.atitle=The+AFL+and+the+lore+of+averages&rft.date=2009-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2009%2F02%2F25%2F1235237738878.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-renaissance-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-renaissance_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-renaissance_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/renaissance-men-hawthorn-star-ben-mcevoy-explains-the-factors-behind-the-rise-of-the-ruckman/news-story/919e48961a16489a6547f4a38b8fd064">Renaissance men: Hawthorn star Ben McEvoy explains the factors behind the rise of the ruckman</a> by Josh Gabelich for Fox Sports 12 April 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartley, Patrick <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/afl/afl-news/polly-farmer--trailblazer-20100907-14zjp.html">Polly Farmer, trailblazer</a> The Age 8 September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gleeson, Michael <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/rfnews/sandilands-too-big-too-strong-too-good/2009/05/14/1241894114576.html">Sandilands too big, too strong, too good</a> The Age 15 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/jim-stynes-changed-the-game-of-afl-as-a-player-and-saved-melbourne-demons-as-president-eddie-mcguire/story-e6frf33l-1226305053433">"Motorsport Video |Motorsport Highlights, Replays, News, Clips | FOX SPORTS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Motorsport+Video+%7CMotorsport+Highlights%2C+Replays%2C+News%2C+Clips+%7C+FOX+SPORTS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxsports.com.au%2Fafl%2Fjim-stynes-changed-the-game-of-afl-as-a-player-and-saved-melbourne-demons-as-president-eddie-mcguire%2Fstory-e6frf33l-1226305053433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crikey.com.au/2007/09/24/who-will-take-home-the-midfielders-medal/">Who will take home the Midfielders’ Medal?</a> by Charlie Happell for Crikey 24 September 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sportskeeda.com/afl/5-best-ruckmen-afl-history-ft-dean-cox">5 best ruckmen in AFL history ft. Dean Cox</a> By Demi Bolu 12 June 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realfooty.theage.com.au/realfooty/articles/2006/09/06/1157222200694.html">Lions shed four, ending Keating's career</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060907174254/http://www.realfooty.theage.com.au/realfooty/articles/2006/09/06/1157222200694.html">Archived</a> 7 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/more-news/past-ruck-greats-lament-the-changing-role-of-the-big-man/news-story/2c76a5b4527c49ca2429db5eb1717336">Greats lament changing role of ruckmen</a> for the Herald Sun 19 May 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.footyalmanac.com.au/ruck-a-muck/">Ruck-a-Muck</a> by Matt Zurbo for the Footy Almanac 20 September 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afl.com.au/news/162480/third-man-up-banned-in-radical-rule-change">'Third man up' banned in radical rule change</a> Peter Ryan on Dec 21, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-review1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-review1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFair_Play1872" class="citation news cs1">Fair Play (12 October 1872). "Review of the season". <i>The Australasian</i>. Vol. XIII, no. 341. Melbourne, VIC. p. 460.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australasian&rft.atitle=Review+of+the+season&rft.volume=XIII&rft.issue=341&rft.pages=460&rft.date=1872-10-12&rft.au=Fair+Play&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Norwood Footballers in Victoria". <i>South Australian Register</i>. 15 July 1880. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Australian+Register&rft.atitle=The+Norwood+Footballers+in+Victoria&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1880-07-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Intercolonial football conference". <i>The Argus</i>. Melbourne, VIC. 4 November 1886. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Argus&rft.atitle=Intercolonial+football+conference&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1886-11-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/sport/afl/story/0,26576,24345617-19742,00.html">"More umpires mean fewer mistakes"</a>. <i>Herald Sun</i>. 15 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=More+umpires+mean+fewer+mistakes&rft.date=2008-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fheraldsun%2Fsport%2Fafl%2Fstory%2F0%2C26576%2C24345617-19742%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614155604/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/a-giant-among-ruckmen/story-e6frf9jf-1225861019118">"A giant among ruckmen Aaron Sandilands | Herald Sun"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/a-giant-among-ruckmen/story-e6frf9jf-1225861019118">the original</a> on 14 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+giant+among+ruckmen+Aaron+Sandilands+%7C+Herald+Sun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fsport%2Fafl%2Fa-giant-among-ruckmen%2Fstory-e6frf9jf-1225861019118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-punt-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-punt_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-punt_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/rfnews/port-signs-basketball-star/2009/10/21/1255891860737.html">Port takes a punt on basketball star</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/sport/afl-cant-be-the-only-game-in-town/2008/11/28/1227491831777.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1">AFL can't be the only game in town</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/newsfeatures/news/newsarticle/tabid/5586/newsid/86785/default.aspx">Collingwood signs American rookie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091113121554/http://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/newsfeatures/news/newsarticle/tabid/5586/newsid/86785/default.aspx">Archived</a> 13 November 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCordy2012" class="citation web cs1">Cordy, Neil (25 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121230173248/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/afl/more-news/swans-sign-us-basketballer-alex-starling/story-e6frf9jf-1226253617207">"Swans sign US basketballer Alex Starling"</a>. <i>Heraldsun.com.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/swans-sign-us-basketballer-alex-starling/story-e6frf9jf-1226253617207">the original</a> on 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heraldsun.com.au&rft.atitle=Swans+sign+US+basketballer+Alex+Starling&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft.aulast=Cordy&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fsport%2Fafl%2Fswans-sign-us-basketballer-alex-starling%2Fstory-e6frf9jf-1226253617207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/afl/strength-will-assist-dowdells-in-change/story-e6frecoc-1226191337048">Top tips to make smooth transition</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaton2010" class="citation news cs1">Paton, Al (4 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsun.com.au/afl/more-news/swans-give-canadian-mike-pyke-two-more-years/story-e6frf9jf-1225901020388">"Swans give Canadian Mike Pyke two more years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald+Sun&rft.atitle=Swans+give+Canadian+Mike+Pyke+two+more+years&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft.aulast=Paton&rft.aufirst=Al&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Fafl%2Fmore-news%2Fswans-give-canadian-mike-pyke-two-more-years%2Fstory-e6frf9jf-1225901020388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Guardian_-_20_August_2015_-_St_Kilda's_Jason_Holmes_set_to_become_first_American_to_play_AFL_game-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Guardian_-_20_August_2015_-_St_Kilda's_Jason_Holmes_set_to_become_first_American_to_play_AFL_game_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/aug/20/st-kildas-jason-holmes-set-to-become-first-american-to-play-afl-game">"St Kilda's Jason Holmes set to become first American to play AFL game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 20 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=St+Kilda%27s+Jason+Holmes+set+to+become+first+American+to+play+AFL+game&rft.date=2015-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2015%2Faug%2F20%2Fst-kildas-jason-holmes-set-to-become-first-american-to-play-afl-game&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaughton2017" class="citation web cs1">Laughton, Max (11 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/american-ruckforward-mason-cox-signs-new-threeyear-deal-at-collingwood-rebuffing-interest-from-other-clubs/news-story/ed957b2c7ab2a5662f607f21df25d7de">"American ruck/forward Mason Cox signs new three-year deal at Collingwood, rebuffing interest from other clubs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fox_Sports_(Australia)" title="Fox Sports (Australia)">Fox Sports</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+Sports&rft.atitle=American+ruck%2Fforward+Mason+Cox+signs+new+three-year+deal+at+Collingwood%2C+rebuffing+interest+from+other+clubs&rft.date=2017-09-11&rft.aulast=Laughton&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxsports.com.au%2Fafl%2Famerican-ruckforward-mason-cox-signs-new-threeyear-deal-at-collingwood-rebuffing-interest-from-other-clubs%2Fnews-story%2Fed957b2c7ab2a5662f607f21df25d7de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuck+%28Australian+rules+football%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruck_(Australian_rules_football)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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