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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="শেৱালি ফুল – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শেৱালি ফুল" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हरसिंगार – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हरसिंगार" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="শিউলি ফুল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিউলি ফুল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हरसिंगार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हरसिंगार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D9%84" title="یاسمن شب‌گل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاسمن شب‌گل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A4" title="પારિજાત – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પારિજાત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2_%E2%80%93%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4" title="स्वर्गिय फुल –पारिजत – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="स्वर्गिय फुल –पारिजत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="प्राजक्ता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राजक्ता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srigading" title="Srigading – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Srigading" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4" title="ಪಾರಿಜಾತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾರಿಜಾತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="പവിഴമല്ലി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പവിഴമല്ലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पारिजातक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पारिजातक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%90%E1%81%9E%E1%80%B6" title="တဝ်သွဝ်၊ တၞံ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တဝ်သွဝ်၊ တၞံ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8" title="ဆိပ်ဖလူး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆိပ်ဖလူး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2" title="पारिजात फूल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पारिजात फूल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%80" title="ଗଙ୍ଗଶିଉଳୀ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗଙ୍ଗଶିଉଳୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਹਾਰ ਸਿੰਗਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਰ ਸਿੰਗਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nyctanthes arbor-tristis" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83" title="पारिजात वृक्षः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पारिजात वृक्षः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D9%88%DA%BB)" title="ھار سينگار (وڻ) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھار سينگار (وڻ)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF" title="பவழமல்லி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பவழமல்லி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%82" title="పారిజాతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పారిజాతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="กรรณิการ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรรณิการ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4" title="ಪಾರಿಜಾತ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪಾರಿಜಾತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E8%8A%B1" title="夜花 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="夜花" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q764525#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the tree known as night-flowering jasmine. For other plants known as jasmine, see <a href="/wiki/Jasmine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jasmine (disambiguation)">Jasmine (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Parijat" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Parijat_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Parijat (disambiguation)">Parijat (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Shiuli_phool_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IUCN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Nyctanthes" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyctanthes" title="Nyctanthes"><i>Nyctanthes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>N. arbor-tristis</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-WCSP_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Bruschia macrocarpa</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Bertoloni" title="Antonio Bertoloni">Bertol.</a> </small></li><li><i>Nyctanthes dentata</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ludwig_Blume" title="Carl Ludwig Blume">Blume</a> </small></li><li><i>Nyctanthes tristis</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Richard_Anthony_Salisbury" title="Richard Anthony Salisbury">Salisb.</a> </small></li><li><i>Parilium arbor-tristis</i> <small>(L.) <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gaertner" title="Joseph Gaertner">Gaertn.</a> </small></li><li><i>Scabrita scabra</i> <small>L. </small></li><li><i>Scabrita triflora</i> <small>L. </small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</b></i> is a species of <i><a href="/wiki/Nyctanthes" title="Nyctanthes">Nyctanthes</a></i> native to <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WCSP_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSP-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-grin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fop_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wafc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wafc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is commonly known as <b>night-blooming jasmine, tree of sadness, tree of sorrow, hengra bubar, coral jasmine</b><sup id="cite_ref-EPPO_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPPO-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, as <b>seri gading</b> in Singapore and as <b>shiuli</b> in the Bengal region.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite its common name, the species is not a <a href="/wiki/Jasmine#Other_plants_called_"jasmine"" title="Jasmine">"true jasmine"</a> and not of the genus <a href="/wiki/Jasmine" title="Jasmine">Jasminum</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit,_Burdwan,_West_Bengal,_India_25_10_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit%2C_Burdwan%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_25_10_2012.jpg/220px-Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit%2C_Burdwan%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_25_10_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit%2C_Burdwan%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_25_10_2012.jpg/330px-Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit%2C_Burdwan%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_25_10_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit%2C_Burdwan%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_25_10_2012.jpg/440px-Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis_fruit%2C_Burdwan%2C_West_Bengal%2C_India_25_10_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2356" data-file-height="3214" /></a><figcaption>Fruit in <a href="/wiki/Bardhaman" title="Bardhaman">Bardhaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The tree is called the "tree of sorrow" because the foliage becomes droopy as blooming flowers fall off during early morning.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Latin specific epithet <i>arbor-tristis</i> means "sad tree".<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India and Nepal, <i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i> is known as pārijāta (पारिजात). It's also known as harsinghar (Hindi), sephalika (Sanskrit), shiuli/shephali (Bengali), pavalamallikai (Tamil), pavizhamalli (Malayalam), and siharu.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Malaysia it is known as seri gading and in China it is referred to as nai hua or hung mo li.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrub</a> or a small tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall, with flaky grey bark. The leaves are opposite, simple, 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in) long and 2–6.5 cm (0.79–2.56 in) broad, with an entire margin. The flowers are fragrant, with a five- to eight-lobed white <a href="/wiki/Corolla_(flower)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corolla (flower)">corolla</a> with an orange-red centre; they are produced in clusters of two to seven together, with individual flowers opening at dusk and finishing at dawn. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> is a bilobed, flat brown heart-shaped to round <a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">capsule</a> 2 cm (0.79 in) diameter, each lobe containing a single <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-fop_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wafc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wafc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>N. arbor-tristis</i> is native to Indo-China, Himalaya and Sumatera to Jawa.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It grows in dry deciduous forests and hillsides.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The leaves have been used in <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurvedic medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homoeopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoeopathy">Homoeopathy</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sciatica" title="Sciatica">sciatica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fever" title="Fever">fevers</a>, and as a <a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SGL_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An orange dye from the corolla, nyctanthin, is used to dye silk.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, flowers are used to make garlands and used for worship.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The flower of <i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i> is the official state flower of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and is called shiuli or shephali in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "shiuli" flowers bloom during the autumn season in Bengal and are offered to goddess <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Festival" title="Festival">festival</a> of <a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a>. The flowers are associated with the autumn season and Durga Puja in <a href="/wiki/Bengal" title="Bengal">Bengal</a>. Many Durga puja songs and poems have mentions of this flower. </p><p>The native people of <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a> use the plant to help predict weather and rainfall.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature">Literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree,_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_(Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord)_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree%2C_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_%28Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord%29_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg/220px-Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree%2C_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_%28Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord%29_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree%2C_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_%28Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord%29_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg/330px-Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree%2C_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_%28Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord%29_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree%2C_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_%28Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord%29_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg/440px-Krishna_Uproots_the_Parijata_Tree%2C_Folio_from_a_Bhagavata_Purana_%28Ancient_Stories_of_the_Lord%29_LACMA_M.72.1.26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1616" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> Uproots the Parijata Tree", manuscript from a Bhagavata <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Purana</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>parijata</i> is a divine tree featured in Hindu history.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a> describe the <i>parijata</i> tree, as one of five trees, to have emerged during the legend of the <a href="/wiki/Samudra_manthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Samudra manthan">Samudra Manthana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> is described to have battled with <a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a> to uproot the <i>parijata</i> from his capital of <a href="/wiki/Amaravati_(mythology)" title="Amaravati (mythology)">Amaravati</a> and plant it in his own city of <a href="/wiki/Dv%C4%81rak%C4%81" title="Dvārakā">Dvaraka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regional tradition, <a href="/wiki/Satyabhama" title="Satyabhama">Satyabhama</a> grew aggrieved when Krishna offered his chief consort <a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a> a parijata flower. To placate her envy, Krishna confronted Indra and had the <i>parijata</i> tree planted near Satyabhama's door. Despite having the tree planted near her dwelling, the flowers of the tree fell in the adjacent backyard of Rukmini, the favourite wife of Krishna, because of her superior devotion and humility.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tree is the subject of a work named <i><a href="/wiki/Parijatapaharanamu" title="Parijatapaharanamu">Parijatapaharanamu</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Telugu_literature" title="Telugu literature">Telugu literature</a>, written by <a href="/wiki/Nandi_Thimmana" title="Nandi Thimmana">Nandi Thimmana</a>, the court-poet of <a href="/wiki/Krishnadevaraya" title="Krishnadevaraya">Krishnadevaraya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poet <a href="/wiki/Kalidasa" title="Kalidasa">Kalidasa</a> sings about the flower in his Sanskrit poem <i><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%9Atusa%E1%B9%83h%C4%81ra" title="Ṛtusaṃhāra">Ritu samhara</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasminum_sambac" title="Jasminum sambac">Jasminum sambac</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabernaemontana_divaricata" title="Tabernaemontana divaricata">Tabernaemontana divaricata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachelospermum_jasminoides" title="Trachelospermum jasminoides">Trachelospermum jasminoides</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-IUCN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IUCN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIUCN_SSC_Global_Tree_Specialist_GroupBotanic_Gardens_Conservation_International_(BGCI)Lakhey,_P.Pathak,_J.2022" class="citation journal cs1">IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); Lakhey, P. & Pathak, J. (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/150224828/152201552">"<i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a></i>. <b>2022</b>: e.T150224828A152201552<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IUCN+Red+List+of+Threatened+Species&rft.atitle=Nyctanthes+arbor-tristis&rft.volume=2022&rft.pages=e.T150224828A152201552&rft.date=2022&rft.au=IUCN+SSC+Global+Tree+Specialist+Group&rft.au=Botanic+Gardens+Conservation+International+%28BGCI%29&rft.au=Lakhey%2C+P.&rft.au=Pathak%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iucnredlist.org%2Fspecies%2F150224828%2F152201552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WCSP-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WCSP_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WCSP_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=354899">Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, <i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-grin_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=25424">"<i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">Germplasm Resources Information Network</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Germplasm+Resources+Information+Network&rft.atitle=Nyctanthes+arbor-tristis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomydetail.aspx%3Fid%3D25424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fop-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fop_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fop_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Flora of Pakistan: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=5&taxon_id=200017801"><i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wafc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wafc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wafc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">AgroForestry Tree Database: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18063"><i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051937/http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/sea/Products/AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18063">Archived</a> 2011-07-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPPO-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPPO_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NCYAT">"<i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_and_Mediterranean_Plant_Protection_Organization" title="European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization">European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization</a> (EPPO)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyctanthes+arbor-tristis&rft.pub=European+and+Mediterranean+Plant+Protection+Organization+%28EPPO%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgd.eppo.int%2Ftaxon%2FNCYAT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/2/2270">"Nyctanthes arbor-tristis"</a>. <i>National Parks Flora and Fauna Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Parks+Flora+and+Fauna+Web&rft.atitle=Nyctanthes+arbor-tristis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nparks.gov.sg%2Fflorafaunaweb%2Fflora%2F2%2F2%2F2270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwaminathanKochhar2019" class="citation book cs1">Swaminathan, M. S.; Kochhar, S. L. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vXSmDwAAQBAJ&dq=coral+jasmine+plant&pg=PA258"><i>Major Flowering Trees of Tropical Gardens</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-64063-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-64063-3"><bdi>978-1-108-64063-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Major+Flowering+Trees+of+Tropical+Gardens&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-108-64063-3&rft.aulast=Swaminathan&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rft.au=Kochhar%2C+S.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvXSmDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcoral%2Bjasmine%2Bplant%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuattrocchi1999" class="citation book cs1">Quattrocchi, Umberto (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kaN-hLL-3qEC&dq=coral+jasmine&pg=PA1842"><i>CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology</i></a>. CRC Press. p. 1842. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2677-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-2677-6"><bdi>978-0-8493-2677-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+World+Dictionary+of+Plant+Names%3A+Common+Names%2C+Scientific+Names%2C+Eponyms%2C+Synonyms%2C+and+Etymology&rft.pages=1842&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-2677-6&rft.aulast=Quattrocchi&rft.aufirst=Umberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkaN-hLL-3qEC%26dq%3Dcoral%2Bjasmine%26pg%3DPA1842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610599-1">"Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science"</a>. <i>Plants of the World Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plants+of+the+World+Online&rft.atitle=Nyctanthes+arbor-tristis+L.+%7C+Plants+of+the+World+Online+%7C+Kew+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpowo.science.kew.org%2Ftaxon%2Furn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A610599-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2023" class="citation book cs1">Das, Debabrata (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g2iqEAAAQBAJ&dq=coral+jasmine+plant&pg=PA129"><i>Medicinal Plants and Traditional Knowledge in the Indian Subcontinent</i></a>. Shashwat Publication. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-95362-22-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-95362-22-1"><bdi>978-93-95362-22-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicinal+Plants+and+Traditional+Knowledge+in+the+Indian+Subcontinent&rft.pub=Shashwat+Publication&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-93-95362-22-1&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Debabrata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg2iqEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dcoral%2Bjasmine%2Bplant%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SGL-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SGL_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaxenaGuptaLata2002" class="citation journal cs1">Saxena RS, Gupta B, Lata S (August 2002). "Tranquilizing, antihistaminic and purgative activity of <i>Nyctanthes arbor tristis</i> leaf extract". <i>J Ethnopharmacol</i>. <b>81</b> (3): 321–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0378-8741%2802%2900088-0">10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00088-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12127232">12127232</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Ethnopharmacol&rft.atitle=Tranquilizing%2C+antihistaminic+and+purgative+activity+of+Nyctanthes+arbor+tristis+leaf+extract&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=321-5&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0378-8741%2802%2900088-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12127232&rft.aulast=Saxena&rft.aufirst=RS&rft.au=Gupta%2C+B&rft.au=Lata%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishna2014" class="citation book cs1">Krishna, Nanditha (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M_xsAwAAQBAJ&dq=official+flower+of+west+bengal&pg=PT346"><i>Sacred Plants of India</i></a>. Penguin UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-691-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-691-5"><bdi>978-93-5118-691-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sacred+Plants+of+India&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-93-5118-691-5&rft.aulast=Krishna&rft.aufirst=Nanditha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM_xsAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dofficial%2Bflower%2Bof%2Bwest%2Bbengal%26pg%3DPT346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandeep2011" class="citation journal cs1">Sandeep, Acharya (January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292009604">"Prediction of rainfall variation through flowering phenology of night-flowering Jasmine (Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L.; Verbenaceae) in Tripura"</a>. <i>Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 96–101. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0975-1068">0975-1068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Traditional+Knowledge&rft.atitle=Prediction+of+rainfall+variation+through+flowering+phenology+of+night-flowering+Jasmine+%28Nyctanthes+arbor-tristis+L.%3B+Verbenaceae%29+in+Tripura.&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=96-101&rft.date=2011-01&rft.issn=0975-1068&rft.aulast=Sandeep&rft.aufirst=Acharya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F292009604&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalal2014" class="citation book cs1">Dalal, Roshen (2014-04-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zrk0AwAAQBAJ&dq=Parijata+Krishna&pg=PT917"><i>Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide</i></a>. Penguin UK. p. 917. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-277-9"><bdi>978-81-8475-277-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+An+Alphabetical+Guide&rft.pages=917&rft.pub=Penguin+UK&rft.date=2014-04-18&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-277-9&rft.aulast=Dalal&rft.aufirst=Roshen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzrk0AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DParijata%2BKrishna%26pg%3DPT917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooks2021" class="citation book cs1">Books, Kausiki (2021-10-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dj9KEAAAQBAJ&dq=Parijata+churning&pg=PT56"><i>Padma Purana Srishti Khanda Part 1: English Translation only without Slokas</i></a>. Kausiki Books. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Padma+Purana+Srishti+Khanda+Part+1%3A+English+Translation+only+without+Slokas&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Kausiki+Books&rft.date=2021-10-24&rft.aulast=Books&rft.aufirst=Kausiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddj9KEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DParijata%2Bchurning%26pg%3DPT56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant2007" class="citation book cs1">Bryant, Edwin Francis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HVDqCkW1WpUC&dq=Parijata+Satyabhama+Rukmini&pg=PA185"><i>Krishna: A Sourcebook</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 184–185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803400-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-803400-1"><bdi>978-0-19-803400-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Krishna%3A+A+Sourcebook&rft.pages=184-185&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-19-803400-1&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Edwin+Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHVDqCkW1WpUC%26dq%3DParijata%2BSatyabhama%2BRukmini%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeybelsHerck2011" class="citation book cs1">Geybels, Hans; Herck, Walter Van (2011-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0VbqaHHywYYC&dq=Parijata+Rukmini&pg=PA39"><i>Humour and Religion: Challenges and Ambiguities</i></a>. A&C Black. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-6313-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4411-6313-4"><bdi>978-1-4411-6313-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humour+and+Religion%3A+Challenges+and+Ambiguities&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-6313-4&rft.aulast=Geybels&rft.aufirst=Hans&rft.au=Herck%2C+Walter+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0VbqaHHywYYC%26dq%3DParijata%2BRukmini%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANyctanthes+arbor-tristis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764525" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q764525">Q764525</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nyctanthes_arbor-tristis" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Nyctanthes arbor-tristis">Nyctanthes arbor-tristis</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/123403">123403</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/484XN">484XN</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/2892371">2892371</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/NCYAT">NCYAT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200017801">200017801</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3683008">3683008</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=25424">25424</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/344151">344151</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/610599-1">610599-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/150224828">150224828</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=41398">41398</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=738833">738833</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-354899">kew-354899</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A610599-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610599-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/23000206">23000206</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000817038">wfo-0000817038</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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