CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b771ae113e14',cH: 'ca0VutqHiP6_CbW0GawygxUmYoJVwo_k.gh1JHBLITA-1739784184-1.2.1.1-tt.0rNtJHKnIPmwVKcT.19LH4iIuo9Zih2DPHiqx2LIxLbxP9ux6EUdfFjoY2ihD',cUPMDTk: "\/10012901\/endnote?__cf_chl_tk=_pwmWUCNroVMAE4az2jBKcyp_2ZEKkkB.Bfb..Ukzuo-1739784184-1.0.1.1-fM76nyB1AKsrZAR8QESaX6uXdqI9G4qWwQwHDcTBe8E",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784184',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/10012901\/endnote?__cf_chl_f_tk=_pwmWUCNroVMAE4az2jBKcyp_2ZEKkkB.Bfb..Ukzuo-1739784184-1.0.1.1-fM76nyB1AKsrZAR8QESaX6uXdqI9G4qWwQwHDcTBe8E",md: "kD0eVO6T1GxbZOb9ICeapAHyCnJdiIHKUK81vfsi5sk-1739784184-1.2.1.1-8L8z6vup5sZBDhFhiZXEpfReBIhBOFQgEjejauuzBBnPHcXwd2tlNjDlPTQuQcC.UMhRVihVXs.wgMN5l26vDJd386.gJR_PGqJCt8FC1YbpxLSyub0vLB4JHutMXq5NeQYbgTwrDWnB6IqAyo2FX.IVVq.vabpWAwDAjub4ehPUc6wEsAekpfbOKddBFIqASvXwTN2V8Yx3dWCl70d4XgCWhM4IeusobIXT0RseRCTs6MqJEHCNp2N5W_z3g9o3M0nlqddfRQ3UZxlzdA3cMjhuTaRDrZxu_6_8pFbWAgRDekrl7ufhyNpcdJy5bzIELb927QpKch2_c.mcXl9vWevOKrwaPxjBFWOx7X7GODeNeGL7XfOi_WoHtk3kwCufdAaNUmboE.l6u4b09t1DyKcyBnSOF67n3lWJpPOP5BCwb4PFMlWXOVSE1ru2HoTlGPe3lcH1ytp4.i1S6g0E.CHM_ZpK9p4rCygooOrAgSNT26Pojh1V35fe4FpweGY4Um8XoIdzUgae2Y_45RZ8sA6uERHWVKMgErW6RY2PM4Ak77KSVhhfYNglObV5aNZfmPDbgawbtbQBzpz1lYuJVMFUj0RZ7Yo3qnwEYDm7DnUT2NzCA94d0Eu0MffY3HOFxkaucmrmohgZMnaNt2rFve1xmnojywfRJs1HZvqPRl_CRpEso5lwZQK4weoL7B2W2.aTG7uerQfppH25MYBNPcB6nBIz.VxuRkDtKmsntllm4wDyx3Wak4E9JJircxhgxjL3DD5lMMA1z_mtOvYhaLzDm1NVdogynZ0LXnlABcMwAmUlJIvvaECpekTB3ybNChyEBPB2skfu_FAqV6q2dnd_s1qztCA.AzLcHSBNEt8imjJhbBSiEpm06yJrfu5tOPodYYBf0PbCQVgkybGYxFh8NfClAol3ifC2mc8xst0SEHtlmibQnok5.mG5Jfa093XaEtEELJIkEN.RFJt25tKOc1LoyD8E3UqFkVR64Sdq2a94lBRPpmk7489PrmDEH91c219PnCc_63e6v1D9eWgt11mu_ik2IhVPVbetgmF3H6RNSp.5gGD2QdlNAedG8XMcEeSb9cyliqQSWLbGru6Lu8A9zahgT3pCl5ViWp_2zyA_B2BQR3txDIxZh4DwHZqfaOyQvxtq2X4PGYaXzU90QWGL8GE0UE_FLm8te9MXNzhLoVuPUIODRNXZgfoJ1LicAG_XHgJ3p5LU43aB1XAXDz4wqIRDOt5zvNGZuOPOcFYKH.VvI7h1N_cZNStpoC9HFcJNF1GmGqjjBp5RbI51laEqcTbFHnlgJgVfYMBfsmDZ96Ta_Mp4gNsOjURps3Zp7T2VeTHi9R6siHMN9ooMRn_wiD_CCoyfWwoquVKf0qM1e0vuS5jqGA2J.dRU3d7OERoBwFQe4K47bfA7UgzA0RpqynMRf90AnHfCovkHZ09L6dkf7hSFEuwUHTrUHC.hEtdHK1NJIH5JBc0mLHyMhazcnicvnV6.cT0Rpq5YPNougSeGoEuVgCHrxcEUJEsXSo7lMVsacqPXkL11U_7J1nmbt2grfd4OyyovP6OuWvZ8H8EmqaMVEyJCbTXLurx0YkXTOaHHMrvkDL8DXDbXl8sKMamdtSsQgmcTvahqvc45jYNb4Qz2aSguG3HCP7jBD85M2kc..bcawBvIBZ51gbeGLXNb75NFsufUMX1rAFgTkeaRCBZQFoTX0xqLBklv_JtsRea1VFsO3DEJfGWoyHgE7EU6tqHTPChSxyPyNXxXMBRVxz6_mB1G5I5szI6vGF4L6DOrd4nLJVwb9o1UfZRHQ85SpDisQVuNOxfY.4uK2D_P27hIkQm1PIJAtWlH3mqq6bKgeM6Wbim9CJolVyOfZ8ISFcs_zmZsp3E",mdrd: "Tlkvnomb_4BvJBhqsKLburKpL0vCLYacI.3ANEr2YeE-1739784184-1.2.1.1-UkM0zmu763ydOaCpc_BXTa50hG_2d6Yjz1Zi68ouv6O7q0wlOQBCOmXqNHza5Zbay9TzTQk4v6uI13bnQWwMG42jNm1eFu6MhLP50T_Chr3OBGMSsgyfoGRDyDg9g5t6JbL3OZEOXw6WstzysI3xp2o.SgBSqBTHqNiatD4MF_0iBYd0oFT29cYxs5zkzvci2vj_1R8JM51FJljmMVEgWjm_XMejfwmaXu6YvxFM4VftJT6MSwbvUpwBRXggygJmv3PeteWzzMtqxEwzlse.Bj_L4mOwnBrWCV3A_Y8B9d37aUHKEApPuB3zIjsG62ahQsrXTTyyrqlSMFQJV2BtYrwn16Wk6lS6.Ib5NLyvaJri9X5ITslO3Au3cOFOKdfgy69joEF.huH_QrhorYHT4a5uZY8q1OP_4V4amY_JOhuqG_PaO3rutBeBFmmUNsuTOU98qqsEjld_t6QNeBK5XCXQemtvRsThAzvk6caZm9QdwoMN.R3.dpN94dJxdS_bnI5emNbErYirKafojV22NniXlQOgAiN5_BxZ9JUNdbxsWiEGa13fcsRD_rwf7HvfpS3.SiW43X_Mse89wcj46GgpsRyflQgiNDGVrIsNZgLfSjRJsbsO9eqDcbdE8t4bIQ_tInQixpxWCFqWRQvNfBIR3Ha2Y9pffBr_BJUjbh.N6XuSKd.y_Jvo5hlRun8nzQzx5UEXAyuwh18BezZ3NkQVLQZ9tESW9pVp6MoPoB9vmob1D205JX7IWdZ.Vb5uOIW8kBcLyPZp3rE44VPnjq.Sh9v3cX1HmcBLehp5aXeZE048Bb6BSczL9x_IyPRQP_eLnjVr_KxaPdzbP8Jbo9yhzwN0s7WDZkqxmeFV7mJz0Fx9AsYDxxHdvm0joiwTCwjSydW67xTrM7B.RpWcMavSVy6pVpd.o34Y8ZnERKUpartkl3QxYFVGksSy7PNhPUeYvYrmoyy7FazzXzWcVhqVvqlkUUURflGKjlWLDsyOUntvkAcu.1_A_cx37xBquOi8CQGefu7U4Jah2t_IrSWNSASDIVZU3PVA6UA1SkvlJqAKLSpIGiG0uya6iCDlFx0coAd9jjVJrE4Y7TtXHsi4zMfrxLoA_XukW2jy012wUoo4yot9OaSyK7axJIgOQMcKTsJ6rBsM12wfgnL_HA92Pgx008bYU9w4Ft5UHOdbeKsUhJjSnUq2_Zz2cgal1IEgfsZ.sW3aV12h0vXOJui83eeAqaz4boWtuyhY3Mm_MBRiNWwq4PsifuWR3beqpq0jWgEj0Q.iR2XcbvoB2GklYCXzT3gcWtRuXr_iiN48NchzmgvIfabrHJoC7yeHfzUt0_ha32CJADu_tJbfyQACiJIyQo72DK82ByyzQonQCiWZ2k21jzSSy4XcwfvVL210s9do6fTw6j4SoguProYe1HuQWMQrt6EFfpKQb3Q311l.UfMjCdoUW7am313SjAtdjkHcUTTvBrE7TgKWk70OFmX4t1ujSjDowWXIB21jhVKFevsweT68oY.ABrFqUptVgzFRUQkNtAGcxgV7jw8813MUaz2hHhpKQlO5IFi8PG_Ptg9jEa.h5WvH0mPL1wuruP47761qjkh7DdLq0mbZvXQDxoW_S3qCtTilGP6EFIncbxLd05z.jgNsYOPLhrQa6gkqN2m_S4zQeez.jxulJNKrU7OrZFmp9Kp1vmKktIfKFrTBof1m.RhCIbCEXyEh15iBdbU4MD.DDdx67QLRRphQgc_p9Bc5TAy3s_LVbK8Pq8zflkq2_Iaroo6NquR7Mnpoo6E6kRifzHZaACPEgiyXUGyPamh11SXoZyDcQrDQWDo4eSUnIN1_0nPDleQoMHXgBVW2npKOlmvRHczh617VNEr2HRcZyLTyGB.JgX0U5Iq.q24DNHXS1fYkqh71tTuZHSSF_DnK.DWeJCIH18ZcMxkZ_wGj4ta23cPAy_CD7DbK8xWRssuQrlpiXmdshPfHXpWEZkBR5c12jg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b771ae113e14';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/10012901\/endnote?__cf_chl_rt_tk=_pwmWUCNroVMAE4az2jBKcyp_2ZEKkkB.Bfb..Ukzuo-1739784184-1.0.1.1-fM76nyB1AKsrZAR8QESaX6uXdqI9G4qWwQwHDcTBe8E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>