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">PubChem Substance</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/chemicals-bioassays/">All Chemicals & Bioassays Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#dna-rna">DNA & RNA</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu dna-rna"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/" title=" DNA and RNA sequences submitted to NCBI ">GenBank</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/WebSub/?tool=genbank" title=" Web tool for simple submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: BankIt</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/Sequin" title=" Software tool for complex submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: Sequin</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/tbl2asn2.html" title=" Command-line program for submitting sequence data ">GenBank: tbl2asn</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore" title=" Nucleotide sequence data in GenBank and RefSeq ">Nucleotide Database</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/popset" title=" Sets of nucleotide sequences representing a population ">PopSet</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast" title=" Designs PCR primers and analyzes them for target specificity using BLAST. ">Primer-BLAST</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/RefSeq/" title=" Curated nucleotide and protein sequences produced by NCBI ">Reference Sequence (RefSeq)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/rsg/" title=" RefSeqGene reference standards for genomic sequences of well-characterized genes ">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/sra.cgi" title=" Database of sequences reads from next generation sequencing technologies ">Sequence Read Archive (SRA)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/trace.cgi" title=" DNA chromatograms, base calls, and quality estimates for single-pass reads. ">Trace Archive</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unigene" title=" Gene-centered clusters of transcripts and ESTs ">UniGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unists" title=" Database of Sequence Tagged Sites ">UniSTS</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/dna-rna/">All DNA & RNA Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#data-software">Data & Software</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu data-software"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml" title=" Program for viewing 3D structures and alignments ">Cn3D</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/WebSub/?tool=genbank" title=" Web tool for simple submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: BankIt</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/Sequin" title=" Software tool for complex submissions of nucleotide sequences ">GenBank: Sequin</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/tbl2asn2.html" title=" Command-line program for submitting sequence data ">GenBank: tbl2asn</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast" title=" Designs PCR primers and analyzes them for target specificity using BLAST. ">Primer-BLAST</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/search.cgi" title=" Searches PubChem Compound by chemical structure ">PubChem Structure Search</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP" title=" The SNP database tools page provides links to the general submission guidelines and to the submission handle request. ">SNP Submission Tool</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/VAST/vast.html" title=" Tool that generates 3D structural alignments ">Vector Alignment Search Tool (VAST)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/data-software/">All Data & Software Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#domains-structures">Domains & Structures</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu domains-structures"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml" title=" Program for viewing 3D structures and alignments ">Cn3D</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd" title=" Database of conserved protein domains represented by multiple sequence alignments ">Conserved Domain Database (CDD)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=structure" title=" Database of 3D macromolecular structures derived from PDB ">Structure (Molecular Modeling Database)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/VAST/vast.html" title=" Tool that generates 3D structural alignments ">Vector Alignment Search Tool (VAST)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/domains-structures/">All Domains & Structures Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#genes-expression">Genes & Expression</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu genes-expression"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap" title=" Genotype/Phenotype association studies ">Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene" title=" Database of gene loci and associated transcripts and proteins ">Gene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/" title=" Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database ">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database </a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds" title=" Curated collections of gene expression data sets ">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Datasets</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geoprofiles/" title=" Database of gene expression Profiles for individual sequences ">Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Profiles</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/homologene" title=" Sets of homologous eukaryotic genes ">HomoloGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/" title=" Tool for searching, viewing and downloading genomic maps and related data ">Map Viewer</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim" title=" Database of human genes and genetic disorders ">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/rsg/" title=" RefSeqGene reference standards for genomic sequences of well-characterized genes ">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unigene" title=" Gene-centered clusters of transcripts and ESTs ">UniGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genes-expression/">All Genes & Expression Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#genetics-medicine">Genetics & Medicine</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu genetics-medicine"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books" title=" Online biomedical books ">Bookshelf</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap" title=" Genotype/Phenotype association studies ">Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/" title=" Tool for searching, viewing and downloading genomic maps and related data ">Map Viewer</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim" title=" Database of human genes and genetic disorders ">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed" title=" Biomedical literature abstracts ">PubMed</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/" title=" Free, full-text articles ">PubMed Central (PMC)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical " title=" Directory of PubMed queries about clinical topics ">PubMed Clinical Queries</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/rsg/" title=" RefSeqGene reference standards for genomic sequences of well-characterized genes ">RefSeqGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genetics-medicine/">All Genetics & Medicine Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#genomes-maps">Genomes & Maps</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu genomes-maps"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbvar" title=" A database of genomic structural variation ">Database of Genomic Structural Variation (dbVar)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/tbl2asn2.html" title=" Command-line program for submitting sequence data ">GenBank: tbl2asn</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/genome" title=" Curated genomic DNA sequences ">Genome</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomeprj" title=" Central status pages for genome sequencing projects ">Genome Project</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/" title=" Tool for searching, viewing and downloading genomic maps and related data ">Map Viewer</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore" title=" Nucleotide sequence data in GenBank and RefSeq ">Nucleotide Database</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/popset" title=" Sets of nucleotide sequences representing a population ">PopSet</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/sra.cgi" title=" Database of sequences reads from next generation sequencing technologies ">Sequence Read Archive (SRA)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/trace.cgi" title=" DNA chromatograms, base calls, and quality estimates for single-pass reads. ">Trace Archive</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/unists" title=" Database of Sequence Tagged Sites ">UniSTS</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/genomes-maps/">All Genomes & Maps Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#homology">Homology</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu homology"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/blink.cgi?mode=query" title=" Pre-computed reports showing proteins with similar sequences ">BLAST Link (BLink)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd" title=" Database of conserved protein domains represented by multiple sequence alignments ">Conserved Domain Database (CDD)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/homologene" title=" Sets of homologous eukaryotic genes ">HomoloGene</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/proteinclusters" title=" Clusters of related proteins from prokaryotes and organelles ">Protein Clusters</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/homology/">All Homology Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu literature"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books" title=" Online biomedical books ">Bookshelf</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals" title=" Information on journals cited by NCBI records ">Journals in NCBI Databases</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh" title=" Controlled vocabulary for MEDLINE ">MeSH Database</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21101/" title=" Introductory articles about NCBI resources ">NCBI Handbook</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3831/" title=" Online, searchable help documentation ">NCBI Help Manual</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1969/" title=" NCBI's monthly newsletter ">NCBI News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed" title=" Biomedical literature abstracts ">PubMed</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/" title=" Free, full-text articles ">PubMed Central (PMC)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical " title=" Directory of PubMed queries about clinical topics ">PubMed Clinical Queries</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/literature/">All Literature Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#proteins">Proteins</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu proteins"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/" title=" Database that groups biomedical literature, small molecules, and sequence data in terms of biological relationships. ">BioSystems</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/blink.cgi?mode=query" title=" Pre-computed reports showing proteins with similar sequences ">BLAST Link (BLink)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cdd" title=" Database of conserved protein domains represented by multiple sequence alignments ">Conserved Domain Database (CDD)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK25501/ " title=" URL application programming interface for searching, linking and downloading data within NCBI's Entrez system ">E-Utilities</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/proteinclusters" title=" Clusters of related proteins from prokaryotes and organelles ">Protein Clusters</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein" title=" Protein sequence data ">Protein Database</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/RefSeq/" title=" Curated nucleotide and protein sequences produced by NCBI ">Reference Sequence (RefSeq)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/proteins/">All Proteins Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#sequence-analysis">Sequence Analysis</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu sequence-analysis"><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" title=" Tool for finding local regions of sequence similarity ">BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi?CMD=Web&PAGE_TYPE=BlastDocs&DOC_TYPE=Download" title=" BLAST programs for a local computer ">BLAST (Stand-alone)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/blink.cgi?mode=query" title=" Pre-computed reports showing proteins with similar sequences ">BLAST Link (BLink)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi" title=" Locates conserved domains within a protein sequence ">Conserved Domain Search Service (CD Search)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/protmap.cgi" title=" Maps proteins from a COG/VOG back to its genome ">Genome ProtMap</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gbench/" title=" Stand-alone application for analyzing sequence data ">Genome Workbench</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/FLU/" title=" Data from the NIAID Influenza Genome Sequencing Project ">Influenza Virus</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast" title=" Designs PCR primers and analyzes them for target specificity using BLAST. ">Primer-BLAST</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/static/prosplign/prosplign.html" title=" Tool for aligning proteins to genomic DNA ">ProSplign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sutils/splign" title=" Tool for aligning transcripts to genomic DNA ">Splign</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/sequence-analysis/">All Sequence Analysis Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#taxonomy">Taxonomy</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu taxonomy"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy" title=" The NCBI taxonomy tree in Entrez ">Taxonomy</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Root" title=" Displays and links Entrez data to each taxonomic node ">Taxonomy Browser</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/CommonTree/wwwcmt.cgi" title=" Creates custom taxonomic trees ">Taxonomy Common Tree</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/taxonomy/">All Taxonomy Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#training-tutorials">Training & Tutorials</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu training-tutorials"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/education/" title=" Central page providing links to tutorials and training materials ">NCBI Education Page</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21101/" title=" Introductory articles about NCBI resources ">NCBI Handbook</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3831/" title=" Online, searchable help documentation ">NCBI Help Manual</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1969/" title=" NCBI's monthly newsletter ">NCBI News</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/" title=" An introduction to bioinformatics at NCBI ">Science Primer</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/training-tutorials/">All Training & Tutorials Resources...</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#variation">Variation</a><ul class="actual-resources-submenu variation"><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbvar" title=" A database of genomic structural variation ">Database of Genomic Structural Variation (dbVar)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap" title=" Genotype/Phenotype association studies ">Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP)</a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp" title=" Database of nucleotide sequence polymorphisms ">Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP)</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP" title=" The SNP database tools page provides links to the general submission guidelines and to the submission handle request. 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value=""/></div></div> <div id="messagearea" class="empty"> <ul id="msgportlet" class="messages"></ul> <div> </div> </div> <div class=""> <div><span id="result_sel" class="nowrap"></span><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_ResultsController.ResultCount" sid="1" type="hidden" value="1"/><input name="EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_ResultsController.RunLastQuery" sid="1" type="hidden"/></div> </div> <div class="rprt_all"><div class="rprt abstract"><div class="cit"><a href="#" title="Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology." abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="J Clin Oncol.">J Clin Oncol.</a> 2008 Oct 1;26(28):4563-71. Epub 2008 Jul 21.</div><h1>Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven.</h1><div class="auths"><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Attard%20G%22%5BAuthor%5D">Attard G</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Reid%20AH%22%5BAuthor%5D">Reid AH</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Yap%20TA%22%5BAuthor%5D">Yap TA</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Raynaud%20F%22%5BAuthor%5D">Raynaud F</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Dowsett%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D">Dowsett M</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Settatree%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D">Settatree S</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Barrett%20M%22%5BAuthor%5D">Barrett M</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Parker%20C%22%5BAuthor%5D">Parker C</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Martins%20V%22%5BAuthor%5D">Martins V</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Folkerd%20E%22%5BAuthor%5D">Folkerd E</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Clark%20J%22%5BAuthor%5D">Clark J</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Cooper%20CS%22%5BAuthor%5D">Cooper CS</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Kaye%20SB%22%5BAuthor%5D">Kaye SB</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Dearnaley%20D%22%5BAuthor%5D">Dearnaley D</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Lee%20G%22%5BAuthor%5D">Lee G</a>, <a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22de%20Bono%20JS%22%5BAuthor%5D">de Bono JS</a>.</div><div class="aff"><h3 class="label">Source</h3><p>Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.</p></div><div class="abstr"><h3>Abstract</h3><h4>PURPOSE: </h4><p>Studies indicate that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains driven by ligand-dependent androgen receptor (AR) signaling. To evaluate this, a trial of abiraterone acetate-a potent, selective, small-molecule inhibitor of cytochrome P (CYP) 17, a key enzyme in androgen synthesis-was pursued.</p><h4>PATIENTS AND METHODS: </h4><p>Chemotherapy-na茂ve men (n = 21) who had prostate cancer that was resistant to multiple hormonal therapies were treated in this phase I study of once-daily, continuous abiraterone acetate, which escalated through five doses (250 to 2,000 mg) in three-patient cohorts.</p><h4>RESULTS: </h4><p>Abiraterone acetate was well tolerated. The anticipated toxicities attributable to a syndrome of secondary mineralocorticoid excess-namely hypertension, hypokalemia, and lower-limb edema-were successfully managed with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Antitumor activity was observed at all doses; however, because of a plateau in pharmacodynamic effect, 1,000 mg was selected for cohort expansion (n = 9). Abiraterone acetate administration was associated with increased levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and steroids upstream of CYP17 and with suppression of serum testosterone, downstream androgenic steroids, and estradiol in all patients. Declines in prostate-specific antigen >or= 30%, 50%, and 90% were observed in 14 (66%), 12 (57%), and 6 (29%) patients, respectively, and lasted between 69 to >or= 578 days. Radiologic regression, normalization of lactate dehydrogenase, and improved symptoms with a reduction in analgesic use were documented.</p><h4>CONCLUSION: </h4><p>CYP17 blockade by abiraterone acetate is safe and has significant antitumor activity in CRPC. These data confirm that CRPC commonly remains dependent on ligand-activated AR signaling.</p></div><div class="err"><h3>Comment in</h3><ul><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18626003" ref="ncbi_uid=18645193&link_uid=18626003&commcorr_type=commentin">J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 1;26(28):4535-6. </a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957947" ref="ncbi_uid=18645193&link_uid=18957947&commcorr_type=commentin">Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2009 Jan;6(1):12-3. </a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19189435" ref="ncbi_uid=18645193&link_uid=19189435&commcorr_type=commentin">Eur Urol. 2008 Dec;54(6):1438-9. </a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995520" ref="ncbi_uid=18645193&link_uid=19995520&commcorr_type=commentin">Eur Urol. 2009 Jul;56(1):220. </a></li><li><a href="/web/20111229220125/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20050017" ref="ncbi_uid=18645193&link_uid=20050017&commcorr_type=commentin">Eur Urol. 2009 Jan;55(1):248. </a></li></ul></div><div class="aux"><div class="resc"><dl class="rprtid"><dt>PMID:</dt> <dd>18645193</dd> <dd> [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] </dd><dd> </dd></dl></div><div class="links"></div></div><div class="morecit"><h3><a title="Supplemental information" class="jig-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler" href="#"><span class="ui-ncbitoggler-master-text">Publication Types, MeSH Terms, Substances, Grant Support</span><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-triangle-1-e"></span></a></h3><div class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave"><h4>Publication Types</h4><ul><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="ptyp" alterm="Clinical Trial, Phase I">Clinical Trial, Phase I</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="ptyp" alterm="Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</a></li></ul><h4>MeSH Terms</h4><ul><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy*">Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy*</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Administration, Oral">Administration, Oral</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Aged">Aged</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Aged, 80 and over">Aged, 80 and over</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Androstenols/administration & dosage">Androstenols/administration & dosage</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Androstenols/pharmacokinetics">Androstenols/pharmacokinetics</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Androstenols/therapeutic use*">Androstenols/therapeutic use*</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Castration">Castration</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Disease Progression">Disease Progression</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Humans">Humans</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Male">Male</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Middle Aged">Middle Aged</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy*">Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy*</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Prospective Studies">Prospective Studies</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy*">Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy*</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="mesh" alterm="Treatment Outcome">Treatment Outcome</a></li></ul><h4>Substances</h4><ul><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="subs" alterm="Androstenols">Androstenols</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="subs" alterm="abiraterone">abiraterone</a></li></ul><h4>Grant Support</h4><ul><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="grnt" alterm="Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom">Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="#" abstractlink="yes" alsec="grnt" alterm="Medical Research Council/United Kingdom">Medical Research Council/United Kingdom</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="morecit"><h3><a title="Links to resources such as full text articles and biological data" class="jig-ncbitoggler ui-ncbitoggler" href="#"><span class="ui-ncbitoggler-master-text">LinkOut - more resources</span><span class="ui-icon ui-icon-triangle-1-e"></span></a></h3><div class="ui-ncbi-toggler-slave"><div class="linkoutlist"><h4>Full Text Sources</h4><ul><li><a title="Full text at publisher's site" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://www.jco.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18645193" ref="itool=Abstract&PrId=3051&uid=18645193&db=pubmed&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8309333" target="_blank">HighWire Press</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://openurl.ebscohost.com/linksvc/linking.aspx?genre=article&sid=PubMed&issn=0732-183X&title=J%20Clin%20Oncol&volume=26&issue=28&spage=4563&atitle=Phase%20I%20clinical%20trial%20of%20a%20selective%20inhibitor%20of%20CYP17,%20abiraterone%20acetate,%20confirms%20that%20castration-resistant%20prostate%20cancer%20commonly%20remains%20hormone%20driven.&aulast=Attard&date=2008" ref="itool=Abstract&PrId=3327&uid=18645193&db=pubmed&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8309333" target="_blank">EBSCO</a></li></ul><h4>Other Literature Sources</h4><ul><li><a title="Free resource" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://www.scholaruniverse.com/ncbi-linkout?id=18645193" ref="itool=Abstract&PrId=3087&uid=18645193&db=pubmed&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=8309333" target="_blank">COS Scholar Universe</a></li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111229220125/http://www.f1000biology.com/article/18645193" 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