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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 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href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>早年</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-早期职业生涯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期职业生涯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>早期职业生涯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期职业生涯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-批判" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#批判"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>批判</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-批判-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-美国" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#美国"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>美国</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-美国-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-作品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#作品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>作品</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-作品-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关作品子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-作品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主题和形式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主题和形式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>主题和形式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主题和形式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-作品的中譯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#作品的中譯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>作品的中譯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-作品的中譯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。97种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80-%D0%B8%D4%A5%D0%B0" title="Бродски, Иосиф Александр-иԥа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Бродски, Иосиф Александр-иԥа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%8A" title="يوسف برودسكي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوسف برودسكي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%89" title="يوسف برودسكى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="يوسف برودسكى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Brodski" title="Iosif Brodski – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Iosif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0osif_Brodski" title="İosif Brodski – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İosif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جوزف برودسکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جوزف برودسکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иосиф Бродский – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Иосиф Бродский" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Іосіф Аляксандравіч Бродскі – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іосіф Аляксандравіч Бродскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81%D1%96%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Ёсіф Бродзкі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ёсіф Бродзкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Йосиф Бродски – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йосиф Бродски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="জোসেফ ব্রডস্কি – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জোসেফ ব্রডস্কি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Brodskiy" title="Iosif Brodskiy – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Iosif Brodskiy" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josif_Brodski" title="Josif Brodski – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Josif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josif_Brodskij" title="Josif Brodskij – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Josif Brodskij" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бродский Иосиф Александрович – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бродский Иосиф Александрович" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%B6%CE%B5%CF%86_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9" title="Γιόζεφ Μπρόντσκι – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιόζεφ Μπρόντσκι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Brodskij" title="Iosif Brodskij – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Iosif Brodskij" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossif_Brodski" title="Jossif Brodski – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jossif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جوزف برودسکی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوزف برودسکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Brodsky" title="Josef Brodsky – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Josef Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A3_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%99" title="יוסף ברודסקי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוסף ברודסקי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="जोसेफ ब्रोड्स्की – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जोसेफ ब्रोड्स्की" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josif_Brodski" title="Josif Brodski – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Josif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joszif_Alekszandrovics_Brodszkij" title="Joszif Alekszandrovics Brodszkij – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Joszif Alekszandrovics Brodszkij" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB%D6%86_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%AB" title="Իոսիֆ Բրոդսկի – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իոսիֆ Բրոդսկի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Alexandrovich_Brodski" title="Iosif Alexandrovich Brodski – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Iosif Alexandrovich Brodski" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Aleksandrovi%C4%8D_Brodskij" title="Iosif Aleksandrovič Brodskij – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Iosif Aleksandrovič Brodskij" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%84%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="ヨシフ・ブロツキー – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨシフ・ブロツキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="იოსიფ ბროდსკი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოსიფ ბროდსკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иосиф Александрович Бродский – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иосиф Александрович Бродский" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%ED%94%84_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4" title="조지프 브로드스키 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지프 브로드스키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иосиф Бродский – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Иосиф Бродский" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosephus_Brodskij" title="Iosephus Brodskij – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iosephus Brodskij" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josifas_Brodskis" title="Josifas Brodskis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Josifas Brodskis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josifs_Brodskis" title="Josifs Brodskis – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Josifs Brodskis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Јосиф Бродски – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јосиф Бродски" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="ജോസഫ് ബ്രോഡ്സ്കി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജോസഫ് ബ്രോഡ്സ്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иосиф Бродский – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иосиф Бродский" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="जोसेफ ब्रॉडस्की – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जोसेफ ब्रॉडस्की" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бродский, Иосиф Александрович – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Бродский, Иосиф Александрович" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جوزف برودسکی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جوزف برودسکی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josif_Brodskij" title="Josif Brodskij – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Josif Brodskij" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਯੋਸਿਫ਼ ਬਰੋਡਸਕੀ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯੋਸਿਫ਼ ਬਰੋਡਸਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Brodski" title="Iosif Brodski – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Iosif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="جوزف برودسکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جوزف برودسکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Brodski" title="Iosif Brodski – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Iosif Brodski" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бродский, Иосиф Александрович – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бродский, Иосиф Александрович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josif_Aleksandrovi%C4%8D_Brodski" title="Josif Aleksandrovič Brodski – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Josif Aleksandrovič Brodski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef_Brodski" title="Josef Brodski – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Josef Brodski" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Јосиф Бродски – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јосиф Бродски" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="ஜோசப் பிராட்ஸ்கி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜோசப் பிராட்ஸ்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иосиф Александрович Бродский – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Иосиф Александрович Бродский" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Иосиф Бродский – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Иосиф Бродский" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бродский, Иосиф Александрович – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Бродский, Иосиф Александрович" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Бродський Йосип Олександрович – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бродський Йосип Олександрович" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Brodskiy" title="Iosif Brodskiy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iosif Brodskiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif_Aleksandrovich_Brodsky" title="Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="იოსიფ ბროდსკი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იოსიფ ბროდსკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brodsky" title="Joseph Brodsky – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Joseph Brodsky" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="布羅茨基 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布羅茨基" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q862#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet 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href="/zh-my/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><span class="fn">约瑟夫·布罗茨基 <span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="1987年诺贝尔文学奖得主"><img alt="1987年诺贝尔文学奖得主" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span lang="ru">Иосиф Бродский</span></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg/220px-Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg/330px-Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg/440px-Joseph_Brodsky_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2445" data-file-height="3427" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span class="nickname"><span lang="ru">Иосиф Александрович Бродский</span></span><br />1940年5月24日<br /><span class="birthplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁格勒">列宁格勒</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">1996年12月8日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1996歲—12—08</span>)</span>（56歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约">纽约</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">墓地</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.4em;;">意大利<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%B1%E8%90%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="聖米凱萊島">聖米凱萊島</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">職業</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">诗人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AE%B6" title="散文家">散文家</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">語言</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E8%AF%AD" title="俄语">俄语</a> <small>（诗歌）</small>,<sup id="cite_ref-brodsky_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brodsky-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> <small>（散文）</small><sup id="cite_ref-brodsky_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brodsky-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">民族</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">公民權</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a><br /><small>(1940–72)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%9C%8B%E7%B1%8D" title="無國籍">无国籍</a><br /><small>(1972–77)</small><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><br /><small>(1977–96)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">代表作</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">《戈尔布诺夫和戈尔恰科夫》<small>（1970）</small><br /> 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80" title="小于一">小于一</a>》<small>（1986年）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">獎項</th><td class="infobox-data note" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔文学奖">诺贝尔文学奖</a> <small>（1987年）</small></span><br /> 斯特鲁加诗歌晚会金花圈奖 <small>（1991年）</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">配偶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;"><span itemscope="" itemtype="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基"><span itemprop="spouse">玛丽亚·索扎尼</span>（<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1990年">1990年</span>结婚）</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">伴侶</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃 <small>（1962-1967）</small><br />玛丽亚·库兹涅佐娃</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;padding-right:0.65em;white-space:nowrap;;">子女</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;;">安德烈·巴斯马诺夫（生于1967年）<br />阿纳斯塔西娅·库兹涅佐娃（生于1972年）<br />安娜·布罗德斯卡娅（生于1993年）</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基</b>（俄语：<span lang="ru">Иосиф Александрович Бродский</span>；英語：<span lang="en">Joseph Brodsky</span>；1940年5月24日—1996年1月28日），<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="美籍">美籍</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E8%A3%94" class="mw-redirect" title="犹太裔">猶太裔</a>诗人、散文家。 </p><p>布罗茨基1940年出生于列宁格勒（今<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="聖彼得堡">聖彼得堡</a>），曾多次入狱，1964年以“寄生虫”罪名<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%AF%B7%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E6%BE%84%E6%B8%85" title="Wikipedia:请进行澄清"><span title="此标签附近的文字需要更深入解释。">需要更深入解释</span></a>]</sup>被提起公诉，被判五年徒刑，流放北方。1972年，苏联当局告知他，“强烈建议”他离开苏联，将其驱逐出境。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯坦·休·奥登">威斯坦·休·奥登</a>和其他支持者的帮助下定居美国。之后，他任教于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%B7%E8%8E%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="曼荷莲学院">曼荷莲学院</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="耶鲁大学">耶鲁大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学">剑桥大学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="密歇根大学">密歇根大学</a>等学校。 </p><p>布罗茨基读遍俄国名诗，继承了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="古典主义">古典主义</a>优秀传统，并深受西方<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="现代主义">现代主义</a>诗歌的影响，成为“不断更新表现手法的高手”。 </p><p>1987年，在他47岁时，布罗茨基因“作者包罗万象，充满清晰的思想和诗意的强度”<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，“出神入化”“韵律优美”，“如交响乐一般丰富”的诗篇和“为艺术英勇献身的精神”，荣获该年度<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔文学奖">诺贝尔文学奖</a>，成为继<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E7%BC%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="加缪">加缪</a>之后又一位年轻获奖者。1991年，他成为美国桂冠诗人（United States Poet Laureate）。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="莫斯科国立大学">莫斯科国立大学</a>的安德烈·兰金教授说：“布罗茨基是唯一一位作品已被视为经典的现代俄罗斯诗人... 布罗茨基的文学封圣是一个例外的现象。没有其他当代俄罗斯作家被尊为如此多篇回忆录作者的英雄，没有其他会议专门讨论它们 ”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早年"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E5.B9.B4"></span>早年</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早年"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>布罗茨基出生于<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁格勒">列宁格勒</a>的一个<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>家庭，是一个著名的古代<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%AF%94" title="拉比">拉比</a>家族肖尔（Schorr）的后代<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他的直系男性祖先是约瑟夫·本·艾萨克·贝霍尔·肖尔。他的父亲亚历山大·布罗德斯基是苏联海军的专业摄影师，他的母亲玛丽亚·沃尔珀特·布罗德斯卡娅是一名专业口译员，他的工作经常帮助养家糊口。他们住在公共公寓里，处于贫困之中，因为犹太身份而被边缘化<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他在婴儿时期，经历了<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%9C%8D%E5%9F%8E%E6%88%B0" title="列寧格勒圍城戰">列宁格勒围城战</a>，侥幸活了下来。在那里，他和他的父母全都几乎死于饥饿，一个姑姑死于饥饿<sup id="cite_ref-New_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但是这次围城战后来还是使他产生了各种健康问题。布罗茨基评论说，他的许多老师都是反犹太主义的，他从小就觉得自己像个持不同政见者。他指出：“早在在我上一年级的时候，就开始鄙视<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="列宁">列宁</a>，并不是因为他的政治哲学或实践......而是由于他无处不在的画像。”<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muruzi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Muruzi.jpg/220px-Muruzi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Muruzi.jpg/330px-Muruzi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Muruzi.jpg/440px-Muruzi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>圣彼得堡<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81%E9%BD%90%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC" title="穆鲁齐大楼">穆鲁齐大楼</a>。中间有布罗茨基纪念牌</figcaption></figure> <p>上学时，布罗茨基是一个“不守规矩的孩子”，以在课堂上行为不端而闻名<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。十五岁时，布罗茨基退学，想进入潜艇学校，但没有成功。此后就浪迹社会，先做铣床操作员。<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 后来，他决定成为一名医生，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1" title="克雷斯蒂监狱">克雷斯蒂监狱</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%9C%E5%B0%B8%E6%88%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="停尸房">停尸房</a>工作，切割和缝制尸体。<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 他以后又在医院、轮船锅炉房和地质勘探队担任过许多种工作。与此同时，布罗茨基从事自学计划。他学会了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="波兰语">波兰语</a>，这样他就可以翻译波兰诗人的作品，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%83%E4%BB%80" title="切斯瓦夫·米沃什">切斯瓦夫·米沃什</a>，以及英语，这样他就可以翻译<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·多恩">约翰·多恩</a>。在此过程中，他对<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="古典哲学">古典哲学</a>、宗教、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="神话">神话</a>，以及英美诗歌产生了浓厚的兴趣<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期职业生涯"><span id=".E6.97.A9.E6.9C.9F.E8.81.8C.E4.B8.9A.E7.94.9F.E6.B6.AF"></span>早期职业生涯</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：早期职业生涯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1955年，布罗茨基开始自己创作诗歌，并进行文学翻译。他秘密传播了它们，有些由地下杂志《辛塔克西》出版。他的作品是非政治性的。<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>到1958年，他已经因诗歌《列宁格勒附近的犹太墓地》和《朝圣者》在文坛上广为人知<sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他回忆道：“1959年，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%BA%93%E8%8C%A8%E5%85%8B" title="雅库茨克">雅库茨克</a>，我走在那个可怕的城市，走进一家书店。我抄了巴拉廷斯基的一首诗。我没什么可读的。所以我读了那本书，终于明白了我在生活中必须做什么。或者至少非常兴奋。从某种意义上说，叶夫根尼·阿布拉莫维奇·巴拉廷斯基对此负有某种责任。”布罗茨基的朋友卢德米拉·什滕曾与他在“地质时期”（作为地质学家的助手）一起从事灌溉项目，后来回忆说：“我们在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%92%E5%B7%9E" title="列宁格勒州">列宁格勒州</a>四处奔波，检查数公里的运河，检查它们的堤坝，这看起来很糟糕。它们倒塌了，四分五裂，出了各种各样的奇怪的事情... 然而，正是在这些旅行中，我有幸听到诗《山》和《你会在黑暗中疾驰》。布罗茨基在两辆火车车厢之间大声朗读它们，当时我们正驶向<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%B5%AB%E6%BA%AB" title="季赫溫">季赫溫</a><sup id="cite_ref-Memoir_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoir-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。” </p><p>1960年，年轻的布罗茨基遇见了<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%93%B6%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3_(%E4%BF%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="白银时代 (俄国文学)">白银时代</a>的著名诗人<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A8%83" title="安娜·阿赫玛托娃">安娜·阿赫玛托娃</a><sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。她鼓励他的创作，并成为他的导师<sup id="cite_ref-timeliness_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeliness-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1962年，在列宁格勒，安娜·阿赫马托娃把他介绍给艺术家玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃，她是一位来自一个艺术家族的年轻画家，正在画阿赫马托娃的肖像。两人开始交往。然而，布罗茨基当时的密友兼诗人德米特里·博比舍夫爱上了巴斯马诺娃。博比舍夫开始追求女孩，而布罗茨基很快又开始被当局追捕，普遍认为博比舍夫要为此负责<sup id="cite_ref-New_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。布罗茨基写了许多爱情诗献给玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃：<sup id="cite_ref-New_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="批判"><span id=".E6.89.B9.E5.88.A4"></span>批判</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：批判"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1963年，布罗茨基的诗歌被列宁格勒的一家报纸批判为"色情和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E8%8B%8F" title="反苏">反苏</a>"。他的证件被没收，接受拘讯，两次被关进精神病院<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，然后被逮捕。1964年，苏联当局指控他“社会寄生虫”的罪名<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，发现他只是打了一系列零工，做个诗人，对社会的贡献不多。<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 他们称他为“穿天鹅绒长裤的伪诗人”，未能履行“为祖国的利益诚实工作的宪法义务”<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。审判法官问：“谁承认你是诗人？谁招收你进入诗人的行列？”布罗茨基回答，“没有。谁招收我进入人类的行列？”<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 当时布罗茨基还不到24岁。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brodskij_Wilno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brodskij_Wilno.jpg/220px-Brodskij_Wilno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brodskij_Wilno.jpg/330px-Brodskij_Wilno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Brodskij_Wilno.jpg/440px-Brodskij_Wilno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption> 布罗德斯基在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%BD%E6%96%AF" title="维尔纽斯">维尔纽斯</a>住所的纪念牌</figcaption></figure> <p>布罗茨基因“寄生虫”罪名，被判处5年苦役，在距列宁格勒350英里的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E" title="阿尔汉格尔斯克州">阿尔汉格尔斯克州</a>诺伦斯卡亚村的农场服刑18个月。他租了自己的小屋，虽然没有管道或中央供暖，但有自己的私人空间，在当时是一个伟大的奢侈品。<sup id="cite_ref-New_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 巴斯马诺娃、博比舍夫和布罗茨基的母亲等人来此探视。他用打字机写字，砍木头，拖粪，晚上读英美诗集，包括很多<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="威斯坦·休·奥登">威斯坦·休·奥登</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="羅伯特·佛洛斯特">羅伯特·佛洛斯特</a>的作品。布罗茨基的密友兼传记作家列夫·洛塞夫写道，虽然被关在精神病院和审判是悲惨的经历，但在北极的18个月是布罗茨基一生中最美好的时光之一。布罗茨基的导师<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A8%83" title="安娜·阿赫玛托娃">安娜·阿赫玛托娃</a>嘲笑克格勃的短视。她说：“他们为我们的红头发朋友正在塑造一本怎样的传记啊！就好像他雇他们故意这样做一样。”<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1965年，由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%A4%AB%E6%A0%B9%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E5%A4%AB%E5%9B%BE%E7%94%B3%E7%A7%91" title="叶夫根尼·叶夫图申科">叶夫根尼·叶夫图申科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E8%82%96%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%A7%91%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87" class="mw-redirect" title="德米特里·德米特里耶维奇·肖斯塔科维奇">德米特里·德米特里耶维奇·肖斯塔科维奇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9" title="让-保罗·萨特">让-保罗·萨特</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="阿赫玛托娃">阿赫玛托娃</a>等苏联和外国著名文化人物的抗议<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-timeliness_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeliness-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，布罗茨基的刑期被缩减。布罗茨基的审判记录被偷运出这个国家，到了西方，使他成为极权主义社会艺术抵抗的象征，就像他的导师<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A8%83" class="mw-redirect" title="阿赫玛托娃">阿赫玛托娃</a>一样。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg/220px-Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg/330px-Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg/440px-Chemodan_Brodskogo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="1261" /></a><figcaption>1972年6月4日，布罗茨基提着一台打字机、两瓶伏特加和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·多恩">约翰·多恩</a>的诗集离开祖国，当时的手提箱今天在圣彼得堡的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A8%83%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="安娜·阿赫玛托娃文学纪念博物馆">安娜·阿赫玛托娃文学纪念博物馆</a>展出。</figcaption></figure> <p>他的儿子安德烈出生于1967年10月8日，巴斯马诺娃已与他离婚。安德烈用的是巴马诺娃的姓氏，因为布罗茨基不想让他的儿子遭受他所受的政治批判<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃受到苏联当局的威胁，阻止她与布罗茨基结婚，或和他一起流亡出国。他们的儿子出生后，布罗茨基继续把爱情诗献给巴斯马诺娃。<sup id="cite_ref-New_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1989年，写了最后一首诗给 "M.B."，描述自己还记得他们在列宁格勒的生活： </p><p>1965年12月，布罗茨基回到列宁格勒，在接下来的七年里继续写作，他的许多作品被翻译成德语、法语和英语，并在国外出版。《短诗和叙事诗》（<i>Verses and Poems</i>）由华盛顿的跨语言文学协会于1965年出版，《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E6%81%A9" title="约翰·多恩">约翰·多恩</a>和其他诗集的挽歌》（<i>Elegy to John Donne and Other Poems</i>）于1967年由朗曼斯·格林在伦敦出版，《在旷野扎营》（<i>A Stop in the Desert</i>）于1970年由纽约的切霍夫出版社出版。他的诗歌中只有四首在列宁格勒发表（1966年和1967年），大部分作品出现在苏联境外，或者秘密流传，直到1987年。他因诗歌和犹太血统而受到迫害，因此不被批准旅行。1972年，当局在考虑流亡布罗茨基时，咨询了心理健康专家安德烈·斯涅日涅夫斯基，他是臭名昭著的"偏执改革主义妄想"伪医学诊断的主要支持者。<sup id="cite_ref-Brintlinger_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brintlinger-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 这个政治工具使得国家可以无限期地将持不同政见者关在精神病院里。斯涅日涅夫斯基没有亲自检查，就诊断布罗茨基患有"精神不振"，并得出结论说，他根本不是有价值的人，可以放手。<sup id="cite_ref-Brintlinger_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brintlinger-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1971年，苏联政府两次要求布罗茨基移民到<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="犹太人">犹太人</a>祖先居住的地方—<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a>。1972年，当内政部问到他为什么不接受时，他说他希望留在这个国家。不到10天，官员们就闯进了他的公寓，拿走了他的证件，1972年6月4日，不由分说，将他塞进一架飞机，这样去了奥地利<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="维也纳">维也纳</a>，开始流亡国外的生活。<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 此后他从未回到俄罗斯，也再也没见过巴斯马诺娃<sup id="cite_ref-New_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。布罗茨基后来写道：“最后的判决是最后的判决，但一个在俄罗斯度过一生的人，必须毫不迟疑地安置在天堂。”<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p><p>在奥地利，他遇到了卡尔·雷·普罗弗和奥登，他们为布罗茨基前往美国提供便利，并证明对布罗茨基的职业生涯有影响。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="密歇根大学">密歇根大学</a>的普罗弗是阿尔迪斯出版社的联合创始人之一，从那时起，他成为布罗茨基的俄语出版商。回忆起他在维也纳的着陆，布罗茨基评论道： </p> <blockquote><p>我知道我要永远离开我的国家，但去哪里，我一无所知。有一点是很清楚的，我不想去以色列 ... 我甚至不相信他们会允许我出去。我从来不相信他们会把我送上飞机，当他们这样做时，我不知道飞机是向东去还是向西 ... 我不想被英国的苏联安全局留下。所以我来了美国。<sup id="cite_ref-Haven_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haven-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>虽然在苏联解体后，邀请这位诗人回来，但布罗茨基从未回到他的祖国。<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="美国"><span id=".E7.BE.8E.E5.9B.BD"></span>美国</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：美国"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josef_Brodsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Josef_Brodsky.jpg/320px-Josef_Brodsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Josef_Brodsky.jpg/480px-Josef_Brodsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Josef_Brodsky.jpg/640px-Josef_Brodsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>布罗茨基在密歇根大学任教，1972年</figcaption></figure> <p>在维也纳短暂停留后，布罗茨基在诗人奥登和普罗弗的帮助下，定居<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%E5%A0%A1" title="安娜堡">安娜堡</a>，任<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="密歇根大学">密歇根大学</a>驻校诗人一年。<sup id="cite_ref-Haven_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haven-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 布罗茨基后来成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" class="mw-disambig" title="皇后學院">皇后學院</a>（1973–74年）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="史密斯學院">史密斯學院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E4%BC%A6%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="哥伦比亚大学">哥伦比亚大学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%91%E6%A1%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="剑桥大学">剑桥大学</a>的客座教授，,后来回到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="密歇根大学">密歇根大学</a>（1974-80年）。他是安德鲁·梅隆文学教授及<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%B7%E8%8E%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="曼荷莲学院">曼荷莲学院</a>的五学院文学教授，由诗人和历史学家彼得·维耶雷克引荐。<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1978年，布罗茨基被授予<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="耶鲁大学">耶鲁大学</a>荣誉<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8D%9A%E5%A3%AB" title="文学博士">文学博士</a>学位，1979年5月23日，他成为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E6%9A%A8%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="美国艺术暨文学学会">美国艺术暨文学学会</a>的会员。1980年，他移居纽约格林威治村，1981年获得<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="麦克阿瑟基金会">麦克阿瑟基金会</a>的天才奖。<sup id="cite_ref-Oxford_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 他也是纽约国际中心杰出奖的获得者。1986年，他的散文集《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80" title="小于一">小于一</a>》获得<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B9%A6%E8%AF%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E5%A5%96" title="美国国家书评人协会奖">美国国家书评人协会奖</a>的批评奖，并被授予<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="牛津大学">牛津大学</a>荣誉文学博士学位<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1987年，他获得了<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔文学奖">诺贝尔文学奖</a>，是第五位获奖的生于俄罗斯的作家。在一次采访中，有人问他：“你是一个美国公民，因俄语诗歌获奖。你是谁，美国人还是俄罗斯人？”他回答说，“我是犹太人，俄语诗人，英语散文家—当然还是美国公民。”<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 学院表示，他们授予该奖项，是因为“作者包罗万象，充满清晰的思想和诗意的强度”。还称他的著作“丰富而至关重要”，其特点是“时间和空间的巨大广度”。他开玩笑说，这是 “我的一大步，是人类的一小步”。<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 该奖项恰逢俄罗斯首次合法出版布罗德斯基的诗歌。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/220px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg/440px-%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%98._%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption>威尼斯布罗茨基的纪念牌</figcaption></figure> <p>1991年，布罗茨基成为美国桂冠诗人。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8_(%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B)" title="國會圖書館 (美國)">国会图书馆</a>馆长说，“这提醒我们，美国的创造力大部分来自并非出生在美国的人。”<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 布罗茨基拥有波兰<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西里西亚大学（页面不存在）">西里西亚大学</a>的荣誉学位，是国际科学院的荣誉成员。1995年，俄罗斯瓦格里斯出版社的高级编辑格列布·乌斯彭斯基请布罗茨基返回俄罗斯进行访问，但他没有同意。<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 在他生命的最后十年里，布罗茨基承受着巨大压力。他是一位非常受尊敬的教授，与许多大型出版社的负责人，以及美国文学界的重要人物都有联系。他的朋友卢德米拉·史特恩写道，俄罗斯和美国的许多俄罗斯知识分子在都以为他的影响力是无限的，他的点头可以确保他们得到出版合同、教学岗位或赠款，帮助他们获得辉煌的职业生涯。帮助或拒绝求助的请求，可能会在俄罗斯文坛引发一场风暴，史特恩写道，这有时变得非常个人化。他作为一位广受赞誉的"移民"和诺贝尔奖获得者的身份，为他招来了敌人，激起了怨恨，这使他对这一切感到"极度疲惫"<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brodskygrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brodskygrave.jpg/220px-Brodskygrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brodskygrave.jpg/330px-Brodskygrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Brodskygrave.jpg/440px-Brodskygrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="928" /></a><figcaption>意大利<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%B1%E8%90%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="聖米凱萊島">聖米凱萊島</a>公墓的布罗茨基墓</figcaption></figure> <p>1990年，布罗茨基在法国教授文学时，娶了一个年轻的学生玛丽亚·索扎尼，她有着俄罗斯-意大利背景;他们有一个女儿，安娜·布罗茨基，生于1993年。 </p><p>玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃生活在对苏联当局的恐惧中，直到1991年苏联解体。在此之后，他们的儿子安德烈·巴斯马诺夫才被允许去纽约和他的父亲团聚。1990年代，布罗茨基邀请安德烈到纽约探望他三个月，他们一直保持着父子关系，直到布罗茨基去世。安德烈在1990年代结婚，有三个孩子，布罗茨基承认并供养这几个孙辈。玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃、安德烈和布罗茨基的孙辈都住在圣彼得堡，安德烈在一部关于布罗茨基的纪录片中阅读了他父亲的诗歌。这部电影收录了布罗茨基献给玛丽娜·巴斯马诺娃的诗，这些诗创作于1961年至1982年<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1996年1月28日，布罗茨基在纽约市<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%BA" title="布鲁克林区">布鲁克林区</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0" title="布鲁克林高地">布鲁克林高地</a>社区的公寓死于心脏病，享年55岁。<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 他在1979年做了心脏手术，后来又做了两次搭桥手术，此后身体一直虚弱。他埋葬在意大利<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯">威尼斯</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B1%B3%E5%87%B1%E8%90%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="聖米凱萊島">聖米凱萊島</a>公墓的非天主教部分。<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%85%B9%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="艾兹拉·庞德">艾兹拉·庞德</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="伊戈尔·费奥多罗维奇·斯特拉文斯基">伊戈尔·费奥多罗维奇·斯特拉文斯基</a>也都安葬于此<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1997年，他在圣彼得堡<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B8%E9%80%A0%E5%8E%82%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%97" title="铸造厂大街">铸造厂大街</a>24号<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E9%B2%81%E9%BD%90%E5%A4%A7%E6%A5%BC" title="穆鲁齐大楼">穆鲁齐大楼</a>的住所安装了一块纪念牌，上面有他的肖像浮雕，并写着“1940年至1972年，伟大的俄罗斯诗人约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基，住在这所房子”<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2004年，布罗茨基的密友、诺贝尔奖获得者<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="德里克·沃尔科特">德里克·沃尔科特</a>写了一本纪念他的文集《揮霍者》（<i>The Prodigal</i>）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="作品"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81"></span>作品</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：作品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>布罗茨基最出名的也许是他的诗集《演讲的一部分》（<i>A Part of Speech</i>，1977年）和《致乌喇尼亚》（<i>To Urania</i>，1988年），以及散文集《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80" title="小于一">小于一</a>》（1986年），后者获得<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%B9%A6%E8%AF%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E5%A5%96" title="美国国家书评人协会奖">美国国家书评人协会奖</a>的批评奖。其他著名的作品包括剧本《大理石像》（<i>Marbles</i> ，1989年）和散文集《水印》（<i>Watermark</i>，1992年）<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在他的职业生涯中，他用俄语和英语写作，自己翻译，或与著名的诗歌翻译家合作。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主题和形式"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E9.A2.98.E5.92.8C.E5.BD.A2.E5.BC.8F"></span>主题和形式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：主题和形式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>「離開蘇聯前後，布羅茨基在異國出版了《長短詩集》、《在旷野扎营》等近十部詩集，多數是用俄文寫就，也有一部英文詩集《廿世紀的歷史》和一部英文散文集《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80" title="小于一">小于一</a>》。」<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="作品的中譯"><span id=".E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.AD.E8.AD.AF"></span>作品的中譯</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：作品的中譯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">《我坐在窗前》等. 金重，王伟庆/譯. 世界文学. 1987年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%88%91%E5%9D%90%E5%9C%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%89%8D%E3%80%8B%E7%AD%89&rft.date=1987&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《從彼得堡到斯德哥爾摩》. 王希蘇、常暉/譯. 漓江出版社. 1992年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%BE%9E%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1%E5%88%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E6%BC%93%E6%B1%9F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《見證與愉悅》. 黃燦然/譯. 天津市: 百花文藝出版社. 1999年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E8%88%87%E6%84%89%E6%82%85%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A5%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《赫伯特/布羅茨基/赫伯特》. 李魁賢/譯. 台北市: 桂冠. 2002年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%2F%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%2F%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E6%A1%82%E5%86%A0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《文明的孩子：布羅茨基論詩和詩人》. 劉文飛、唐烈英/譯. 北京市: 中央編譯. 2007年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%A9%E5%AD%90%EF%BC%9A%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E8%AB%96%E8%A9%A9%E5%92%8C%E8%A9%A9%E4%BA%BA%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《布羅茨基談話錄》. 馬海甸等人/編譯. 北京: 東方. 2008年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E8%AB%87%E8%A9%B1%E9%8C%84%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《布罗茨基诗选》. 金重，譯. 世界文学. 2013年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%97%E9%80%89%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80" title="小于一">小于一</a>》. 黄灿然，譯. 浙江文艺出版社. 2014年.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=%E6%B5%99%E6%B1%9F%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-brodsky-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brodsky_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brodsky_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/brodsky.html">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/brodsky.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/">The Nobel Prize in Literature 1987</a>. Nobelprize. October 7, 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2010]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180731133005/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/">存档</a>于2018-07-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Literature+1987&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Nobelprize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F1987%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/poetry/laureate-1991-2000.html">Poet Laureate Timeline: 1981–1990</a>. Library of Congress. 2009 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911015546/http://www.loc.gov/poetry/laureate-1991-2000.html">存档</a>于2018-09-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=Poet+Laureate+Timeline%3A+1981%E2%80%931990&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpoetry%2Flaureate-1991-2000.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazines.russ.ru/km/2006/2/ra27.html">А. Ранчин, … Критическая масса, 2006, № 2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190620061110/http://magazines.russ.ru/km/2006/2/ra27.html">存档</a>于2019-06-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%D0%90.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%2C+%E2%80%A6+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%2C+2006%2C+%E2%84%96%C2%A02&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazines.russ.ru%2Fkm%2F2006%2F2%2Fra27.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201011637/http://www.jewishgen.org/rabbinic/infofiles/surnames.htm">Surnames of Rabbinical Families. JewishGen</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-05-26</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishgen.org/rabbinic/infofiles/surnames.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2016-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=Surnames+of+Rabbinical+Families.+JewishGen&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishgen.org%2Frabbinic%2Finfofiles%2Fsurnames.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IlL6kbumlKoC&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=Brodsky+rabbinical+families&source=bl&ots=jO4oYASPIa&sig=5gN4mH7YXeSPbX_d9Vimkib-ZXM&hl=et&sa=X&ei=d0VkVajyKMemsgGJt4O4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Brodsky%20rabbinical%20families&f=false">Finding Our Fathers: A Guidebook to Jewish Genealogy By Dan Rottenberg</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-12</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309041540/https://books.google.com/books?id=IlL6kbumlKoC&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=Brodsky+rabbinical+families&source=bl&ots=jO4oYASPIa&sig=5gN4mH7YXeSPbX_d9Vimkib-ZXM&hl=et&sa=X&ei=d0VkVajyKMemsgGJt4O4Ag&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Brodsky%20rabbinical%20families&f=false">存档</a>于2021-03-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=Finding+Our+Fathers%3A+A+Guidebook+to+Jewish+Genealogy+By+Dan+Rottenberg&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIlL6kbumlKoC%26pg%3DPA184%26lpg%3DPA184%26dq%3DBrodsky%2Brabbinical%2Bfamilies%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DjO4oYASPIa%26sig%3D5gN4mH7YXeSPbX_d9Vimkib-ZXM%26hl%3Det%26sa%3DX%26ei%3Dd0VkVajyKMemsgGJt4O4Ag%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBrodsky%2520rabbinical%2520families%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxford-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-2"><sup><b>7.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-3"><sup><b>7.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-4"><sup><b>7.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-5"><sup><b>7.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxford_7-6"><sup><b>7.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cole, Henri "Brodsky, Joseph". <i>The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry in English</i>. Ian Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_8-2"><sup><b>8.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_8-3"><sup><b>8.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_8-4"><sup><b>8.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_8-5"><sup><b>8.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keith_Gessen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keith Gessen（页面不存在）">Keith Gessen</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2011/05/23/110523crat_atlarge_gessen?currentPage=all">"Joseph Brodsky and the fortunes of misfortune"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140531090540/http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/atlarge/2011/05/23/110523crat_atlarge_gessen?currentPage=all">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, May 23, 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-0"><sup><b>9.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-1"><sup><b>9.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-2"><sup><b>9.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-3"><sup><b>9.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-4"><sup><b>9.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-5"><sup><b>9.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-6"><sup><b>9.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-7"><sup><b>9.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-8"><sup><b>9.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-9"><sup><b>9.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-10"><sup><b>9.10</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-11"><sup><b>9.11</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-12"><sup><b>9.12</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-13"><sup><b>9.13</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_9-14"><sup><b>9.14</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_D._McFadden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert D. McFadden（页面不存在）">McFadden, Robert Dennis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/29/arts/joseph-brodsky-exiled-poet-who-won-nobel-dies-at-55.html">Joseph Brodsky, Exiled Poet Who Won Nobel, Dies at 55</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 1996-01-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-01-01</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308154326/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/29/arts/joseph-brodsky-exiled-poet-who-won-nobel-dies-at-55.html">存档</a>于2021-03-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.atitle=Joseph+Brodsky%2C+Exiled+Poet+Who+Won+Nobel%2C+Dies+at+55&rft.aufirst=Robert+Dennis&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.date=1996-01-29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F01%2F29%2Farts%2Fjoseph-brodsky-exiled-poet-who-won-nobel-dies-at-55.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Scammell, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tnr.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/103341/joseph-brodsky-russian-literature-lev-loseff">Pride and Poetry (on Joseph Brodsky: A Literary Life by Lev Loseff)</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>. 2012-05-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2012]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120625110205/http://www.tnr.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/103341/joseph-brodsky-russian-literature-lev-loseff">存档</a>于2012-06-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.atitle=Pride+and+Poetry+%28on+Joseph+Brodsky%3A+A+Literary+Life+by+Lev+Loseff%29&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Scammell&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tnr.com%2Farticle%2Fbooks-and-arts%2Fmagazine%2F103341%2Fjoseph-brodsky-russian-literature-lev-loseff&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memoir-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoir_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shtern, Ludmila (2004). <i>Brodsky: A Personal Memoir</i>. Baskerville Publishers, p. 63. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-880909-70-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-880909-70-6">978-1-880909-70-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-timeliness-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-timeliness_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-timeliness_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Natalia Zhdanova, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nevanews.com/index.php?id_article=666&section=13">"Timelessness: Water Frees Time from Time Itself"</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081003134655/http://www.nevanews.com/index.php?id_article=666&section=13">存檔</a>，存档日期2008-10-03., <i>Neva News</i>, 2007-08-01.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Remnick, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2010/12/20/101220taco_talk_remnick?printable=true">Gulag Lite</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>. December 20, 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-10-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304194024/http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2010/12/20/101220taco_talk_remnick?printable=true">存档</a>于2012-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.atitle=Gulag+Lite&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Remnick&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Ftalk%2Fcomment%2F2010%2F12%2F20%2F101220taco_talk_remnick%3Fprintable%3Dtrue&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cissie Dore Hill (trans.)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3493691.html"><i>Remembering Joseph Brodsky</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429104230/http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3493691.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2009-04-29.. Hoover Institution</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvrain.ru/articles/a_vy_uchilis_etomu_stenogramma_suda_nad_iosifom_brodskim-378906/"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>А вы учились этому?" Стенограмма суда над Иосифом Бродским ["Are you trained to do that?" Transcription of Joseph Brodsky court case]</a>. TV Rain. 2014-12-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-12-03</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=%22%D0%90+%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%3F%22+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4+%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC&rft.date=2014-12-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=TV+Rain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvrain.ru%2Farticles%2Fa_vy_uchilis_etomu_stenogramma_suda_nad_iosifom_brodskim-378906%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Remnick, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2010/12/20/101220taco_talk_remnick">Gulag Lite</a>. The New Yorker. 2010-12-20 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-10-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226012746/http://www.newyorker.com/talk/comment/2010/12/20/101220taco_talk_remnick">存档</a>于2014-02-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.atitle=Gulag+Lite&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Remnick&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Ftalk%2Fcomment%2F2010%2F12%2F20%2F101220taco_talk_remnick&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Russian writers since 1980</i>, Volume 285 of <i>Dictionary of literary biography</i>. Editors Marina Balina, Mark Naumovich Lipovet︠s︡kiĭ. Gale publishers (2004), p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brintlinger-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brintlinger_18-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brintlinger_18-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brintlinger, Angela; Vinitsky, Ilya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ED3U_XVLwHwC&printsec=frontcover#PPA92,M1">Madness and the mad in Russian culture</a>. University of Toronto Press. 2007: 92 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-13</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8020-9140-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8020-9140-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8020-9140-6</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001190548/https://books.google.com/books?id=ED3U_XVLwHwC&printsec=frontcover#PPA92,M1">存档</a>于2020-10-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.au=Vinitsky%2C+Ilya&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.aulast=Brintlinger&rft.btitle=Madness+and+the+mad+in+Russian+culture&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9140-6&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DED3U_XVLwHwC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23PPA92%2CM1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Smirnov-Sadovsky, <i>Song from Underground</i>, Booklet of the Festival "Masterpieces of the Russian Underground", Lincoln Center, New York, USA, January 2003, pp. 16-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wikilivres.ru/Song_from_Underground_%282nd_version_%E2%80%94_Smirnov%29#cite_note-1">Song from Underground, Wikilivres</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812014049/https://wikilivres.ru/Song_from_Underground_(2nd_version_%E2%80%94_Smirnov)#cite_note-1">存档</a>于2020-08-12）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.btitle=Song+from+Underground%2C+Wikilivres&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwikilivres.ru%2FSong_from_Underground_%25282nd_version_%25E2%2580%2594_Smirnov%2529%23cite_note-1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haven-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haven_21-0"><sup><b>21.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haven_21-1"><sup><b>21.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haven (2006) p84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loseff, Lev (2010) <i>Joseph Brodsky: A Literary Life</i>, Yale University Press (New Haven, CT)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/russian/joseph_brodsky.html">Profile</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> ，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E8%8D%B7%E8%8E%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="曼荷莲学院">曼荷莲学院</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross, Irena. "A Jewish Boy with a Head Full of Russian Rhymes". Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies 45th Annual Convention, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Boston, MA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p653541_index.html">Abstract</a> <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20141107224310/http://citation.allacademic.com/meta/p653541_index.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2014-11-07</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stern (2004) p. 305</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brodsky, Joseph. "New Stances" Ardis, 1983, USA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stern (2004) p. 330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">孟宪忠. 《诺贝尔文学奖作家的人生之旅》. 台北市: 智慧大学. 1993年: 第255页.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&rft.au=%E5%AD%9F%E5%AE%AA%E5%BF%A0&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC255%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Bethea, David (1994) <i>Joseph Brodsky and the Creation of Exile</i>, Princeton University Press (Princeton, NJ)</li> <li>Berlina, Alexandra (2014). <i>Brodsky Translating Brodsky</i>. Bloomsbury (New York; Anna Balakian Prize 2013-2016)</li> <li>Miłosz, Czesław and Haven, Cynthia L. (Ed.) (2006) <i>Czesław Miłosz: Conversations</i>. Includes <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vnbYNjz-UC&pg=PA96&dq=brodsky+milosz+translate&hl=en&ei=W3_ATNqrPIKQjAeF5fGKCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false">"Interview between Joseph Brodsky and Czeslaw Milosz".</a> University Press of Mississippi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-57806-829-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-57806-829-6">978-1-57806-829-6</a></li> <li>Loseff, Lev (2010) <i>Joseph Brodsky: a Literary Life</i>, Yale University Press (New Haven, CT)</li> <li>Speh, Alice J (1996) <i>The Poet as Traveler: Joseph Brodsky in Mexico and Rome</i>, Peter Lang (New York, NY)</li> <li>Shtern, Ludmila (2004) <i>Brodsky: A Personal Memoir</i>, Baskerville Publishers <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-880909-70-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-880909-70-6">978-1-880909-70-6</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/brodsky-bio.html">诺贝尔官方网站关于约瑟夫·布罗茨基介绍</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180221101502/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1987/brodsky-bio.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="约瑟夫·布罗茨基" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">约瑟夫·布罗茨基</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">诗集</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9F%AD%E8%AF%97%E5%92%8C%E5%8F%99%E4%BA%8B%E8%AF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="短诗和叙事诗（页面不存在）">短诗和叙事诗</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E6%97%B7%E9%87%8E%E6%89%8E%E8%90%A5" title="在旷野扎营">在旷野扎营</a>》</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_End_of_the_Belle_%C3%89poque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The End of the Belle Époque（页面不存在）">The End of the Belle Époque</a></i></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86" title="演讲的一部分">演讲的一部分</a>》</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Stanzas_to_Augusta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Stanzas to Augusta（页面不存在）">New Stanzas to Augusta</a></i></li> <li>《乌剌尼亚》</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notes_of_the_Fern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notes of the Fern（页面不存在）">Notes of the Fern</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Landscape_with_Flood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landscape with Flood（页面不存在）">Landscape with Flood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collected_Poems_in_English&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collected Poems in English（页面不存在）">Collected Poems in English</a></i></li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%B4%E4%B9%8C%E5%89%8C%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="致乌剌尼亚（页面不存在）">致乌剌尼亚</a>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">诗歌</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%92%8C%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E6%81%B0%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB" title="戈尔布诺夫和戈尔恰科夫">戈尔布诺夫和戈尔恰科夫</a>》</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Independence_of_Ukraine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Independence of Ukraine（页面不存在）">On the Independence of Ukraine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组诗</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86" title="演讲的一部分">演讲的一部分</a>》</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Twenty_Sonnets_to_Mary_Stewart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Twenty Sonnets to Mary Stewart（页面不存在）">Twenty Sonnets to Mary Stewart</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">散文和演讲</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=In_a_Room_and_a_Half&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="In a Room and a Half（页面不存在）">In a Room and a Half</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="ru:Полторы комнаты">俄语</a>）</span></i></li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%8D%B0_(%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA)" title="水印 (布罗茨基)">水印 (布罗茨基)</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8E%E4%B8%80" title="小于一">小于一</a>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">翻译</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosencrantz_and_Guildenstern_Are_Dead&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead（页面不存在）">Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">博物馆</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%85%E5%B1%85%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="约瑟夫·布罗茨基故居博物馆">约瑟夫·布罗茨基故居博物馆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E6%95%85%E5%B1%85%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86_(%E8%AF%BA%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%E4%BA%9A%E6%9D%91)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约瑟夫·布罗茨基故居博物馆 (诺林斯卡亚村)（页面不存在）">约瑟夫·布罗茨基故居博物馆 (诺林斯卡亚村)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">（<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE" class="extiw" title="ru:Дом-музей Иосифа Бродского">俄语</a>）</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E7%8E%9B%E6%89%98%E5%A8%83%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="安娜·阿赫玛托娃文学纪念博物馆">约瑟夫·布罗茨基的美国办公室</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="诺贝尔文学奖获得者" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:诺贝尔文学奖获得者"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template talk:诺贝尔文学奖获得者"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:诺贝尔文学奖获得者"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="诺贝尔文学奖获得者" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔文学奖">诺贝尔文学奖</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="諾貝爾文學獎得主列表">获得者</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901年－1925年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1901年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%90%95%E5%A4%9A%E5%A7%86" title="苏利·普吕多姆">普呂多姆</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1902年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE" title="特奥多尔·蒙森">蒙森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1903年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%BA%A6%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%BD%BB%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E6%98%82%E6%9D%BE" title="比约恩斯彻纳·比昂松">比昂松</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1904年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94" title="弗雷德里克·米斯特拉尔">米斯特拉尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%87%E5%8A%A0%E8%B5%96" title="何塞·埃切加赖">埃切加賴</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1905年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%98%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%BE%AE%E6%94%AF" title="亨利克·显克微支">顯克微支</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1906年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%8B%8F%E5%9F%83%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%9C%E5%A5%87" title="焦苏埃·卡尔杜奇">卡爾杜齊</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1907年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E5%8D%9C%E6%9E%97" title="魯德亞德·吉卜林">吉卜林</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1908年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%80%AD%E9%8F%97" title="魯道夫·倭鏗">倭铿</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1909年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%9B%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="塞尔玛·拉格洛夫">拉格洛夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1910年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%B3%BD" title="保罗·海泽">海泽</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1911年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E7%89%B9%E6%9E%97%E5%85%8B" title="莫里斯·梅特林克">梅特林克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1912年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E7%89%B9%E6%9B%BC" title="格哈特·霍普特曼">霍普特曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1913年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94" title="罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔">泰戈爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1915年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%85%B0" title="罗曼·罗兰">罗曼·罗兰</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1916年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E7%99%BB%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="维尔纳·冯·海登斯坦">海登斯坦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1917年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E5%8B%92%E9%B2%81%E6%99%AE" title="卡尔·阿道夫·盖勒鲁普">盖勒鲁普</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%93%AC%E6%89%98%E7%9A%AE%E4%B8%B9" title="亨利克·蓬托皮丹">蓬托皮丹</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1919年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·施皮特勒">施皮特勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1920年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%AA%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%A7%86%E7%94%9F" title="克努特·汉姆生">漢姆生</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1921年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%97%E5%A3%AB" title="阿纳托尔·法朗士">佛朗士</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1922年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%BE%9B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%87%E7%89%B9" title="哈辛托·贝纳文特">贝纳文特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1923年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%8F%B6%E8%8A%9D" title="威廉·巴特勒·叶芝">葉芝</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1924年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%BF%AA%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9" title="瓦迪斯瓦夫·雷蒙特">雷蒙特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1925年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3" title="萧伯纳">萧伯纳</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926年－1950年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1926年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E9%BD%8A%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E9%BB%9B%E8%90%8A%E9%81%94" title="格拉齊亞·黛萊達">黛萊達</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1927年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%9F%8F%E6%A0%BC%E6%A3%AE" title="亨利·柏格森">柏格森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1928年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%BC%E4%B8%BD%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B8%A9%E5%A1%9E%E7%89%B9" title="西格丽德·温塞特">溫塞特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1929年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="托马斯·曼">托马斯·曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1930年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%C2%B7%E5%88%98%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF" title="辛克莱·刘易斯">劉易斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1931年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="埃里克·阿克塞尔·卡尔费尔特">卡尔费尔特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1932年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%8E%E7%BB%A5" title="约翰·高尔斯华绥">高尔斯华绥</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1933年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%87%C2%B7%E8%92%B2%E5%AE%81" title="伊万·蒲宁">蒲寧</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1934年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E4%BC%8A%E5%90%89%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%A8%84" title="路伊吉·皮兰德娄">皮蘭德婁</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1936年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%A4%E9%87%91%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="尤金·奥尼尔">奧尼爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1937年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%82%91%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE" title="羅傑·馬丁·杜·加爾">馬丁·杜·加爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1938年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0" title="赛珍珠">赛珍珠</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1939年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%98%AD%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%95" title="弗蘭斯·埃米爾·西蘭帕">西蘭帕</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1944年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BB%B6%E6%A3%AE" title="约翰内斯·威廉·延森">延森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1945年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%97%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE" title="加夫列拉·米斯特拉爾">米斯特拉爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1946年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E" title="赫尔曼·黑塞">黑塞</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1947年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E7%B4%80%E5%BE%B7" title="安德烈·紀德">紀德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1948年：<a href="/wiki/T%C2%B7S%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%95%A5%E7%89%B9" title="T·S·艾略特">艾略特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1949年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D" title="威廉·福克納">福克納</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1950年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E7%B4%A0" title="伯特兰·罗素">羅素</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951年－1975年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1951年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9" title="佩尔·拉格奎斯特">拉格奎斯特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1952年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗索瓦·莫里亚克">莫里亞克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1953年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E4%B8%98%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94" title="温斯顿·丘吉尔">邱吉爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1954年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E6%98%8E%E5%A8%81" title="欧内斯特·海明威">海明威</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1955年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF" title="哈尔多尔·拉克斯内斯">拉克斯內斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1956年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%A2%85%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF" title="胡安·拉蒙·希梅内斯">希梅內斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1957年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E7%BC%AA" title="阿尔贝·加缪">加繆</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1958年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E6%98%82%E5%B0%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E6%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%85%8B" title="鲍里斯·列昂尼多维奇·帕斯捷尔纳克">帕斯捷爾納克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1959年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E6%89%98%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E5%A4%B8%E8%A5%BF%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%9A" title="萨尔瓦托雷·夸西莫多">夸西莫多</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1960年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%90%BC%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" title="圣琼·佩斯">圣琼·佩斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1961年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%83%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="伊沃·安德里奇">安德里奇</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1962年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%9D%A6%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B" title="約翰·史坦貝克">史坦貝克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1963年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%8F%B2%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="喬治·塞菲里斯">塞菲里斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1964年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9" title="让-保罗·萨特">萨特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1965年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%95%AD%E6%B4%9B%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="米哈伊爾·蕭洛霍夫">肖洛霍夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1966年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%BC%E5%86%9C" title="萨缪尔·约瑟夫·阿格农">阿格農</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%8E%89%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="内莉·萨克斯">薩克斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1967年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%AF" title="米格尔·安赫尔·阿斯图里亚斯">阿斯圖里亞斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1968年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E7%AB%AF%E5%BA%B7%E6%88%90" title="川端康成">川端康成</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1969年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9" title="萨缪尔·贝克特">貝克特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1970年：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E4%BB%81%E5%B0%BC%E7%90%B4" title="亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴">索忍尼辛</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1971年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%83%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E8%81%82%E9%B2%81%E8%BE%BE" title="巴勃罗·聂鲁达">聶魯達</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1972年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%94" title="海因里希·伯尔">伯爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1973年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%80%80%E7%89%B9" title="帕特里克·怀特">怀特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1974年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%B8%A9%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9B%8D%E6%9D%BE" title="埃温德·雍松">雍松</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%E6%9D%BE" title="哈里·马丁松">馬丁松</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1975年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E4%B9%8C%E6%9D%B0%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E8%8E%B1" title="埃乌杰尼奥·蒙塔莱">蒙塔萊</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976年－2000年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1976年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%B4%9B" title="索尔·贝洛">貝婁</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1977年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7" title="维森特·阿莱克桑德雷">阿萊克桑德雷</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1978年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="艾薩克·巴什維斯·辛格">辛格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1979年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%BE%B7%E4%BF%AE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E8%92%82%E6%96%AF" title="奥德修斯·埃里蒂斯">埃里蒂斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1980年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%83%E4%BB%80" title="切斯瓦夫·米沃什">米沃什</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1981年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%85%A7%E8%92%82" title="埃利亞斯·卡內蒂">卡內蒂</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1982年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%A4%AB%E5%88%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="加夫列尔·加西亚·马尔克斯">馬奎斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1983年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%81" title="威廉·戈尔丁">戈爾丁</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1984年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%BC%97%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="雅罗斯拉夫·塞弗尔特">塞弗爾特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1985年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8A%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99" title="克劳德·西蒙">西蒙</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1986年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A5%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E5%9B%A0%E5%8D%A1" title="渥雷·索因卡">索因卡</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1987年：<a class="mw-selflink selflink">布羅茨基</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1988年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E5%90%89%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%93%88%E7%A6%8F%E8%8C%B2" title="納吉布·馬哈福茲">馬哈富茲</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1989年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E4%BD%95%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89" title="卡米洛·何塞·塞拉">塞拉</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1990年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF" title="奥克塔维奥·帕斯">帕斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1991年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E8%BF%AA%E9%BB%98" title="納丁·戈迪默">戈迪默</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1992年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="德里克·沃尔科特">沃爾科特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1993年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%A3%AE" title="托妮·莫里森">莫里森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1994年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B1%9F%E5%81%A5%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E" title="大江健三郎">大江健三郎</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1995年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="谢默斯·希尼">希尼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1996年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%A8%83%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E6%B3%A2%E7%B5%B2%E5%8D%A1" title="維斯瓦娃·辛波絲卡">辛波絲卡</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1997年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F" title="达里奥·福">福</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1998年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E9%A9%AC%E6%88%88" title="若泽·萨拉马戈">薩拉馬戈</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1999年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" title="君特·格拉斯">格拉斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2000年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%8C%E5%81%A5" title="高行健">高行健</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001年－至今</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">2001年：<a href="/wiki/V%C2%B7S%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E6%B3%A2%E7%88%BE" title="V·S·奈波爾">奈波爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2002年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%A7%86%E9%9B%B7" title="凯尔泰斯·伊姆雷">凱爾泰斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2003年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E5%88%87" title="约翰·马克斯维尔·库切">库切</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2004年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%B0%94%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%80%B6%E5%88%A9%E5%86%85%E5%85%8B" title="艾尔弗雷德·耶利内克">耶利內克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2005年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%81%E7%89%B9" title="哈罗德·品特">品特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2006年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%97%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E7%A9%86%E5%85%8B" title="奥尔汗·帕穆克">帕慕克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2007年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%BD%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E8%BE%9B" title="多丽丝·莱辛">莱辛</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2008年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9-%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E9%BD%90%E5%A5%A5" title="让-马里·古斯塔夫·勒克莱齐奥">勒克莱齐奥</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2009年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92" title="赫塔·米勒">米勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2010年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%95%A5%E8%90%A8" title="马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨">略萨</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2011年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86" title="托马斯·特朗斯特罗姆">特朗斯特罗默</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2012年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E8%A8%80" title="莫言">莫言</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2013年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%B8%BD%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8A%92%E7%BD%97" title="艾丽斯·芒罗">芒罗</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2014年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="帕特里克·莫迪亚诺">莫迪亚诺</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2015年：<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87" title="斯維拉娜·亞歷塞維奇">亞歷塞維奇</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2016年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E4%BC%A6" title="鲍勃·迪伦">迪伦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2017年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%BB%91%E4%B8%80%E9%9B%84" title="石黑一雄">石黑一雄</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2018年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%98%89%C2%B7%E6%9C%B5%E5%8D%A1%E8%90%A9" title="奧爾嘉·朵卡萩">托卡尔丘克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2019年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B" title="彼得·汉德克">汉德克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2020年：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B" title="路易丝·格吕克">格吕克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2021年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8D%9C%E6%9D%9C%E5%8B%92-%E6%8B%89%E6%89%8E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3" title="阿卜杜勒-拉扎克·古尔纳">古尔纳</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2022年：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E8%AB%BE" title="安妮·艾諾">埃尔诺</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2023年：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E7%91%9F" title="约恩·福瑟">福瑟</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2024年：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E6%B1%9F_(%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6)" title="韩江 (作家)">韩江</a> / </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>注：年份不一定是實際獲獎時間，1915年、1919年、1925年、1926年、1927年、1936年、1949年、2018年的獎項都延後一年頒發。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/50709/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122779965">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/31993687">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJccdbt3BQQdKxhHHXdxXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90068118">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX843889">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894121r">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11894121r">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511700306706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118660136">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brodskij, Iosif"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV071179">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259025305171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80022834">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prrj2w21wmg7g">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000026706&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00463809">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990001110&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35508786">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record76752">希腊</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201421498">韩国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068558414">荷兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810585153805606">波兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/107309">葡萄牙</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA01857280?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/27cafe48-831c-4cfe-8823-7473f733eb58">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118660136.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/978711">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Brodskij, Iosif Aleksandrovič, 1940-1996"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/en/conor/14352995">CONOR</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=36274">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tt580r">SNAC</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026754215">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基&oldid=84985429">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=约瑟夫·亚历山德罗维奇·布罗茨基&oldid=84985429</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" 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