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M107.5,11.4V7.9h1.2V4h6v4h1.8v3.5h-1.8v5.9h1.8v3.5h-7.8v-9.3L107.5,11.4z M124.6,2.1v4.5h-6V2.1H124.6z M118.6,17.2v-5.9h-1.1V7.9h7.1v9.3h1.1v3.5h-8.2v-3.5L118.6,17.2L118.6,17.2z M127.7,17.2v-5.9h-1.1V7.9h7.1v1.5 c1.4-1,2.5-1.8,4.3-1.8c2.6,0,4.5,1.7,4.5,3.9v5.7h1.1v3.5h-7.1v-7.9c0-0.8-0.6-1.4-1.4-1.4c-0.9,0-1.4,0.7-1.4,2v3.9h1v3.5h-8.1 v-3.5H127.7L127.7,17.2z M151.7,11.1c-1,0-1.6,1-1.6,3c0,1.9,0.6,2.9,1.7,2.9c1,0,1.5-0.9,1.5-2.9 C153.3,13.1,153.2,11.1,151.7,11.1z M145.5,21.3c1.3,0.6,2.7,0.9,4.1,0.9c2.3,0,3.9-1,3.9-3c-1.2,0.9-2.2,1.5-3.8,1.5 c-3.2,0-5.5-2.8-5.5-6.5c0-3.9,2.3-6.5,5.7-6.5c1.5,0,2.3,0.3,3.6,1.3v-1h7v3.5h-1.1v7.4c0,4.5-3.1,6.9-8.7,6.9 c-1.6,0-3-0.1-5.1-0.9L145.5,21.3L145.5,21.3z"></path></g><g><path fill="#006E62" d="M167.2,11.1c-0.4,0.3-0.9,0.4-1.4,0.4h-2.6V5.2h2.4c0.7,0,1.2,0.1,1.6,0.4c0.4,0.2,0.6,0.7,0.6,1.2 c0,0.7-0.4,1.2-1.1,1.4c0.7,0.1,1.3,0.6,1.3,1.6C167.8,10.3,167.6,10.8,167.2,11.1z M165.4,6.1h-1.2v1.7h1.1c0.7,0,1.1-0.3,1.1-0.9 C166.5,6.4,166,6.1,165.4,6.1L165.4,6.1z M165.4,8.7h-1.2v1.9h1.2c0.7,0,1.2-0.3,1.2-0.9C166.6,9,166.2,8.7,165.4,8.7L165.4,8.7z M173.2,11.5h-4.2V5.2h4.2v0.9h-3v1.7h2v0.9h-2v1.8h3.1V11.5z M178.5,6.2h-1.7v5.3h-1.1V6.2h-1.8V5.2h4.7L178.5,6.2L178.5,6.2z M183.6,11.5h-1.2l-0.5-1.7h-2.1l-0.5,1.7h-1l2.1-6.2h1.2L183.6,11.5z M181.6,8.9l-0.8-2.6L180,8.9H181.6z"></path></g></g></svg></a></div></div><a class="css-t0y7wu" href="#main-content">Skip to content</a><button type="button" class="css-ynzq1g"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="14" viewbox="0 0 16 14" class=""><path fill="#1A1919" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 .863h16V2.9H0V.863zm0 5.091h16V7.99H0V5.954zm0 5.091h16v2.036H0v-2.036z"></path></svg></button><nav class="css-185llpm"><ul class="css-ov1ktg"><li class="css-k99k"><div><button type="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" class="css-wgchsd">Stages<!-- --> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-ysj0hl"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 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care options at home, here's how to get your financial house in order as a parent.</p></div></header><nav data-testid="subtopic-navstrip" aria-label="Work & Money subtopic navigation" class="css-178dlt4"><ul class="css-1s00jyj"><li class="css-cl91oa"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/work/archive?module=topic-strip&action=click" class="">Work</a></li><li class="css-cl91oa"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/money/archive?module=topic-strip&action=click" class="">Money</a></li><li class="css-cl91oa"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/childcare/archive?module=topic-strip&action=click" class="">Child Care</a></li></ul></nav><section class="css-1lkzyhl"><div class="css-1wvyoke"><header><h2 class="css-1u6aiyy">The Latest</h2></header><div class="css-qr88mm"><article class="css-1vznlw9"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/parental-leave-after-newborn?module=featured-story&action=click&rank=1" class="css-9ko326"><figure class="css-1dqxsf5"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/multimedia/17sp-motherhood/17sp-motherhood-thumbWide.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/multimedia/17sp-motherhood/17sp-motherhood-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/multimedia/17sp-motherhood/17sp-motherhood-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/multimedia/17sp-motherhood/17sp-motherhood-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/multimedia/17sp-motherhood/17sp-motherhood-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 474w" sizes="(min-width: 740px) 50vw, 100vw"/><figcaption class="css-1xpm9j"><span class="css-0">Shonagh Rae</span></figcaption></figure><h3 class="css-5wyxii">Work-Life Conflict Doesn’t Stop After Maternity Leave</h3><p class="css-1tr3neh">Parents need support as their children grow older, and there are few policies that address it.</p></a></article></div><div class="css-12wwdy5"><article class="css-38lefd"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/mental-load?module=featured-story&action=click&rank=2" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-7ch85z"><h3 class="css-udz86y">A Modest Proposal for Equalizing the Mental Load</h3><p class="css-1kqxk06">Become incapacitated for six months.</p></div><div class="css-w29g9x"><figure class="css-1p6puvy"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/12/multimedia/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/12/multimedia/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/12/multimedia/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/12/multimedia/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load/12-Parenting-newsletter-mental-load-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></figure></div></div></a></article><article class="css-o6a43s"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/paternity-leave?module=featured-story&action=click&rank=3" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-7ch85z"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Paternity Leave Has Long-Lasting Benefits. So Why Don’t More American Men Take It?</h3><p class="css-1kqxk06">Men who take leave are less likely to get divorced, and have better relationships with their children, research shows.</p></div><div class="css-w29g9x"><figure class="css-1p6puvy"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/07/multimedia/parenting-dad-punish/parenting-dad-punish-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/07/multimedia/parenting-dad-punish/parenting-dad-punish-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/07/multimedia/parenting-dad-punish/parenting-dad-punish-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/07/multimedia/parenting-dad-punish/parenting-dad-punish-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></figure></div></div></a></article><article class="css-1qry6a5"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/why-women-but-not-men-are-judged-for-a-messy-house?module=featured-story&action=click&rank=4" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-7ch85z"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Why Women, but Not Men, Are Judged for a Messy House</h3><p class="css-1kqxk06">They’re still held to a higher social standard, which explains why they’re doing so much housework, studies show.</p></div><div class="css-w29g9x"><figure class="css-1p6puvy"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/upshot/17up-housework-print/up-housework-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="&ldquo;The Smiths share the drudgery of housework, for they both have important war jobs,&rdquo; the Office of War Information wrote about this photo circa 1944." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/upshot/17up-housework-print/up-housework-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/upshot/17up-housework-print/up-housework-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/17/upshot/17up-housework-print/up-housework-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></figure></div></div></a></article></div></div></section><section class="css-1lkzyhl"><hr class="css-15um35k"/><div class="css-17dbxxh"><header class="css-3eypzx"><h2 class="css-1428u7q"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/work/archive" class="css-1aknb0p">Work<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-47sv5i"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 0h12z"></path></svg></a></h2></header><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/career-after-kids-work?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Work&action=click&position=1&rank=1" class="css-9ko326"><figure class="css-1rz3yau"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-thumbWide.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="(min-width: 740px) 25vw, 100vw"/><figcaption class="css-16ks7k6"><span class="css-0">via Jenn Tobia</span></figcaption></figure><h3 class="css-54m717">Your Career Post-Kids: Ambivalence, Joy, Pumping in Closets</h3><p class="css-1pv87jx">Parents go in and out of the work force depending on their caretaking needs.</p></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/feeding/pumping-at-work?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Work&action=click&position=1&rank=2" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-videoThumb-v2.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-thumbWide-v2.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-mediumThreeByTwo440-v2.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v2.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-videoLarge-v2.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-thumbStandard-v3.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-thumbLarge-v3.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-smallSquare252-v3.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-thumbStandard-v3.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-thumbStandard-v3.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-thumbLarge-v3.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/07-parenting-pumping-work-new/07-parenting-pumping-work-new-smallSquare252-v3.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">How to Keep Pumping When You Return to Work</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">The best approach is to know your rights, make a plan and communicate transparently with your employer. </p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/health/sweden-finds-a-simple-way-to-improve-new-mothers-health-it-involves-fathers?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Work&action=click&position=1&rank=3" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="Shopping in Sweden in 2010. In 2012, the nation passed a law allowing fathers to take up to 30 days, as needed, in the year after a birth, while the mother was still on leave." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Sweden Finds a Way to Improve New Mothers’ Health: The Other Parent</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">The flexibility to have an extra person at home, even for a few days, offers significant postpartum benefits, new research shows.</p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-1qoneo3"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/single-mothers-surge-employment?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Work&action=click&position=1&rank=4" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-videoThumb-v3.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-thumbWide-v3.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-mediumThreeByTwo440-v3.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v3.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-videoLarge-v3.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="An Amazon warehouse in Arizona. Moving inventory in warehouses was one of the fastest-growing categories of jobs for single mothers." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">More Single Mothers Are Joining the Work Force</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">A booming economy is one reason, along with state and local family-friendly policies, but also a fraying federal safety net.</p></div></div></a></article></div></div><footer class="css-900ztm"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/work/archive" class="css-1yy0dai">See all <span class="css-10dqb8d">Work</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-1z0iqq6"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 0h12z"></path></svg></a></footer></div></section><section class="css-1lkzyhl"><hr class="css-15um35k"/><div class="css-17dbxxh"><header class="css-3eypzx"><h2 class="css-1428u7q"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/money/archive" class="css-1aknb0p">Money<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-47sv5i"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 0h12z"></path></svg></a></h2></header><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/parental-leave-hourly-worker?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Money&action=click&position=2&rank=1" class="css-9ko326"><figure class="css-1rz3yau"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker/3eb22cea8aaa46f5973ef13e9599e8ca-thumbWide.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker/3eb22cea8aaa46f5973ef13e9599e8ca-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker/3eb22cea8aaa46f5973ef13e9599e8ca-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker/3eb22cea8aaa46f5973ef13e9599e8ca-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker/3eb22cea8aaa46f5973ef13e9599e8ca-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker/3eb22cea8aaa46f5973ef13e9599e8ca-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="(min-width: 740px) 25vw, 100vw"/><figcaption class="css-16ks7k6"><span class="css-0">Luci Gutierrez</span></figcaption></figure><h3 class="css-54m717">How to Ask for Parental Leave When You’re an Hourly Worker</h3><p class="css-1pv87jx">When you're an hourly worker, parental leave is seldom guaranteed, but a patchwork of solutions can help.</p></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/women-long-hours-greedy-professions?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Money&action=click&position=2&rank=2" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/04/28/business/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg/28GreedyProffessions2-jpg-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Women Did Everything Right. Then Work Got ‘Greedy.’</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">How America’s obsession with long hours has widened the gender gap.</p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/parent-life/the-relentlessness-of-modern-parenting?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Money&action=click&position=2&rank=3" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="Ren&eacute;e Sentilles and her son Isaac eating dinner at their home in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. She is raising him in a much more hands-on way than she was raised." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/12/25/upshot/up-intensive1/up-intensive1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">The Relentlessness of Modern Parenting</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">Raising children has become significantly more time-consuming and expensive, amid a sense that opportunity has grown more elusive. </p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-1qoneo3"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/modern-families-and-modern-money-worries?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Money&action=click&position=2&rank=4" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="Rylan Leese, who said his childhood left him financially scarred, credits his wife for changing his attitude about money." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2015/08/01/business/01wealth-web/01wealth-web-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Modern Families and Modern Money Worries</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">Financial advice is normally geared toward traditional families, but single-parent, same-sex or multigenerational households may gain from tailored advice.</p></div></div></a></article></div></div><footer class="css-900ztm"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/money/archive" class="css-1yy0dai">See all <span class="css-10dqb8d">Money</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-1z0iqq6"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 0h12z"></path></svg></a></footer></div></section><section class="css-1lkzyhl"><hr class="css-15um35k"/><div class="css-17dbxxh"><header class="css-3eypzx"><h2 class="css-1428u7q"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/childcare/archive" class="css-1aknb0p">Child Care<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-47sv5i"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 0h12z"></path></svg></a></h2></header><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/child-care-crisis?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Child%20Care&action=click&position=3&rank=1" class="css-9ko326"><figure class="css-1rz3yau"><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/23/opinion/23polakow-suransky/23polakow-suransky-thumbWide.jpg" alt=" " srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/23/opinion/23polakow-suransky/23polakow-suransky-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/23/opinion/23polakow-suransky/23polakow-suransky-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/23/opinion/23polakow-suransky/23polakow-suransky-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/23/opinion/23polakow-suransky/23polakow-suransky-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/23/opinion/23polakow-suransky/23polakow-suransky-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="(min-width: 740px) 25vw, 100vw"/><figcaption class="css-16ks7k6"><span class="css-0">Annelise Capossela</span></figcaption></figure><h3 class="css-54m717">‘A Child’s First 1,000 Days Are a Time to Be Seized’</h3><p class="css-1pv87jx">A child’s first 1,000 days are a time to be seized.</p></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/two-working-parents-childcare?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Child%20Care&action=click&position=3&rank=2" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/00-parenting-twojobstwoparents/00-parenting-twojobstwoparents-videoThumb-v2.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/07/parenting/00-parenting-twojobstwoparents/00-parenting-twojobstwoparents-thumbWide-v2.jpg 190w, 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sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Two Jobs, Two New Parents: How to Negotiate Your New Reality</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">Childcare-related negotiations and professional interruptions can be a challenge new moms and dads are unprepared to face.</p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-ir74e7"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/affordable-child-care-headstart?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Child%20Care&action=click&position=3&rank=3" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="Jasmin Cross, a community college student, at home in Portland, Ore., with her sons, Sebastian, left, and Vyvyan, who attend a free Head Start program." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/04/22/business/22up-childcare1/22up-childcare1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">How Child Care Enriches Mothers, and Generations to Come</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">Government spending on high-quality day care in a child’s early years delivers an economic boon that lasts three generations, research finds.</p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-3z7w8m"><article class="css-1qoneo3"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/parent-life/government-mom?module=subtopic-group&subtopic=Child%20Care&action=click&position=3&rank=4" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-t03uq1"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/03/business/03officebaby-1/merlin_138820596_8a494511-65ed-44b5-838b-1027e64f31d5-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/03/business/03officebaby-1/merlin_138820596_8a494511-65ed-44b5-838b-1027e64f31d5-thumbWide.jpg 190w, 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She accepted the appointment after deciding it was possible to take Pippa, now 8 weeks old, with her to work." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/03/business/03officebaby-1/03officebaby-1-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/03/business/03officebaby-1/03officebaby-1-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/06/03/business/03officebaby-1/03officebaby-1-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-8x04yp"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Guiding the F.T.C., With an Infant by Her Side</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">Rebecca Slaughter, a new commissioner at the F.T.C., brings her infant to work in Washington, a city whose work culture has been stubbornly slow to change.</p></div></div></a></article></div></div><footer class="css-900ztm"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/childcare/archive" class="css-1yy0dai">See all <span class="css-10dqb8d">Child Care</span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12" height="8" viewbox="0 0 12 8" class="css-1z0iqq6"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6 8L0 0h12z"></path></svg></a></footer></div></section><section class="css-1lkzyhl"><hr class="css-15um35k"/><div><header><h2 class="css-5sp7ka">More in Work & Money</h2></header><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-ggsk3c"><article class="css-7hmt18"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/career-after-kids-work?module=topic-page-archive&action=click&rank=1&position" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-1emo3kj"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/10/multimedia/work-choices-4/work-choices-4-videoThumb.jpg 75w, 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In 2012, the nation passed a law allowing fathers to take up to 30 days, as needed, in the year after a birth, while the mother was still on leave." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-ivk1gn"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Sweden Finds a Way to Improve New Mothers’ Health: The Other Parent</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">The flexibility to have an extra person at home, even for a few days, offers significant postpartum benefits, new research shows.</p></div></div></a></article></div><div class="css-ggsk3c"><article class="css-7hmt18"><a href="/web/20190619114620/https://parenting.nytimes.com/work-money/fathers-parental-leave-jpmorgan-chase?module=topic-page-archive&action=click&rank=4&position" class="css-9ko326"><div class="css-1ve4ipt"><div class="css-1emo3kj"><figure class="css-120z3he"><picture><source media="(min-width: 740px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-videoThumb.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-thumbWide.jpg 190w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg 440w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg 600w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-videoLarge.jpg 768w" sizes="25vw"/><source srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/><img class="css-6d3kl6" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-thumbStandard.jpg" alt="Derek Rotondo, the lead plaintiff in a class-action lawsuit against JPMorgan Chase over parental leave, with his son Lincoln. The company announced that it had reached a tentative settlement in the case." srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-thumbStandard.jpg 75w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-thumbLarge.jpg 150w, https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620im_/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/30/business/30parent3/30parent3-smallSquare252.jpg 252w" sizes="25vw"/></picture></figure></div><div class="css-ivk1gn"><h3 class="css-udz86y">Victory for Fathers in a Parental Leave Case That Could Be a Harbinger</h3><p class="css-17m31y4">As more employers offer paid time off after childbirth, a class-action suit has yielded a settlement in which JPMorgan has pledged equal treatment for men and women.</p></div></div></a></article></div></div><footer class="css-gtt194"><button type="button" class="css-1lm45gv">See more</button></footer></div></section></main><footer data-testid="footer" class="css-5j7x0s"><div class="css-2ortf4"><h2 class="css-19m2bff">About</h2><p class="css-13aihka">NYT Parenting provides guidance and support to new and expecting parents. 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to Keep Pumping When You Return to Work"},"sources":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Katy\u0026nbsp;Kozhimannil,\u0026nbsp;Ph.D, M.P.A., an associate professor of health policy and management at the University of Minnesota, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJessica\u0026nbsp;Shortall, M.B.A., author of \"Work. Pump. Repeat.,\" July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTara\u0026nbsp;Haelle, M.A., health journalist, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeather Bingham, I.B.C.L.C., a lactation consultant at Boston Lactation, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRebecca Costello, M.P.H, I.B.C.L.C., a lactation consultant in Ithaca, N.Y., July 31, 2018\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcare.gov/coverage/breast-feeding-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBreastfeeding Benefits\u003c/a\u003e,” Healthcare.gov, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20160317.284725/full/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWorkplace and Public Accommodations for Nursing Mothers\u003c/a\u003e,” Health Affairs, July 31, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049386715001176\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAccess to Workplace Accommodations to\u0026nbsp;Support Breastfeeding after Passage of the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a\u003e,” Women’s Health Issues, January-February 2016.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/whd/nursingmothers/Sec7rFLSA_btnm.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBreak Time for Nursing Mothers\u003c/a\u003e,”\u0026nbsp;United States Department of Labor, July 31, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/whd/FLSAEmployeeCard/BreaktimeNursingMothers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBreak Time for Nursing Mothers Employee Rights Card,\u003c/a\u003e”\u0026nbsp;United States Department of Labor, July 31, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/379824\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAssociation of Infant Child Care With Infant Feeding Practices and Weight Gain Among US Infants\u003c/a\u003e,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, July 7, 2008.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076830\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDuration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis\u003c/a\u003e,” American Journal of Epidemiology, September 1, 2005.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/5/e20171324?sso=1\u0026amp;sso_redirect_count=1\u0026amp;nfstatus=401\u0026amp;nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000\u0026amp;nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3A+No+local+token\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDuration of breastfeeding and risk of SIDS\u003c/a\u003e: an individual participant data meta-analysis,” Pediatrics, November 2017.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","updatedAt":"2019-06-14T15:40:50.191Z","hero":"","corrections":"\u003cp\u003eAn earlier version of this article misstated the number of employers who must abide by federal pumping laws. All employers must abide by those laws, not just those with 50 or more employees.\u003c/p\u003e","topic":{"name":"feeding","displayName":"Feeding \u0026 Nutrition","id":"1c44b640-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},"ignoreInProgramming":false,"summary":"The best approach is to know your rights, make a plan and communicate transparently with your employer. ","theGist":{"hed":"The Gist","content":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eKnow your rights: Federal law mandates that some, but not all, workers should be allowed a time and a place to pump during the workday. Employers are not required to pay employees for the time they spend pumping, however, and in some cases, the law isn’t enforced at all.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBefore your leave, understand your workplace’s pumping policies. If you’re the first person to pump there, work out the logistics as much as possible before birth.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eAll insurance plans must cover breast pumps. Around month\u0026nbsp;eight\u0026nbsp;of pregnancy, call your insurance provider\u0026nbsp;to find out how to get one.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA month or two before you go back to work, gather your supplies, including your breast pump, flanges, pump-friendly office wear, an appropriate bra and freezer bags. Start practicing pumping now.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA month or two before returning to work, start building a stash of frozen breastmilk or come up with a formula supplementation plan.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA week or two before you go back, do a pumping dress rehearsal in work clothes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eWhen you return to work, be gentle with yourself, even if you can’t\u0026nbsp;produce much milk.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"},"author":{"name":"Anna Nowogrodzki","bio":"\u003cp\u003eAnna Nowogrodzki is a journalist and mom in Boston.\u003c/p\u003e"},"publishedStatus":"PUBLISHED","publishedAt":"2019-06-11T10:00:00.000Z","id":"2628b190-5570-11e9-9356-2d74fd3472e9","createdAt":"2019-04-02T18:16:59.494Z","slug":"pumping-at-work","body":"\u003cp\u003eMy 10-month-old stuck his hand in the cat’s litter while I was writing this article. (It’s\u0026nbsp;O.K., I think I got to him before he touched his mouth.) This is just to say that the vast majority of working parents, even those who work from home, can’t keep their\u0026nbsp;babies with them while they’re working. This means that if they want to keep breastfeeding while they work, they have to pump breastmilk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eI talked to three breastfeeding experts and two lactation consultants; as well as five parents who navigated the decision to pump breastmilk when they returned to work as restaurant managers, police, scientists, soldiers and consultants. In researching this article, I heard about women pumping in printer closets, in the back of Humvees, in bathrooms and while driving.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe experts I consulted all said that the best approach is to know your rights, make a plan and communicate transparently with your employer. Both experts and parents agreed: above all, be kind to yourself.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","whatToDo":{"content":[{"hed":"Know your rights.","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Affordable Care Act requires that all private health insurers\u0026nbsp;cover breast pumps. (This may not apply if you are covered by a “grandfathered plan”\u0026nbsp;that\u0026nbsp;you or your employer bought\u0026nbsp;before March 23, 2010 and\u0026nbsp;which hasn’t\u0026nbsp;had significant\u0026nbsp;benefits or cost\u0026nbsp;changes\u0026nbsp;since.)\u0026nbsp;Medicaid, with the exception of Medicaid expansion, is exempt\u0026nbsp;from this law.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe A.C.A. also requires some employers to give employees pumping breaks, which may or may not be paid, and to provide a place to pump that isn’t a bathroom, has a door that closes and is “free from intrusion from coworkers and the public.”\u0026nbsp;Many states have laws requiring additional accommodations, such as requiring employers to at least try to provide a pumping area close to an employee’s work space. (To get a state-by-state breakdown of laws, consult the\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/wb/maps/4.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDepartment of Labor\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;or the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/breastfeeding-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Conference of State Legislatures\u003c/a\u003e.)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis portion of the federal law only applies to employers that do business across state lines and to employees who are eligible for overtime pay. It is a common misconception that the law does not apply to employers with fewer than 50 employees, but all businesses — regardless of size — must comply unless they can show that providing pumping breaks would be an undue hardship.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite federal law, however, many workplaces don’t make even the simplest of pumping accommodations; even if they’re required to do so. According to a 2016 study published in the journal\u0026nbsp;Women’s Health Issues, just 40 percent of the 550 working mothers in the United States surveyed had access to both time and a private space to pump.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Right now, the enforcement of this legislation is not very strong,” said Dr. Katy\u0026nbsp;Kozhimannil, Ph.D., a\u0026nbsp;health researcher at the University of Minnesota and lead author of the study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis can have real consequences for both mothers and babies. Women who had access to these workplace accommodations were 2.3 times more likely to be\u0026nbsp;breastfeeding exclusively at six months than women without them, according to the 2016 study, meaning that women without pumping accommodations were more likely to need to supplement with formula or to stop breastfeeding entirely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Make a pumping plan before you go on leave.","content":"\u003cp\u003eJessica\u0026nbsp;Shortall, M.B.A., author of the book “Work. Pump. Repeat.: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work,” recommended doing as much problem-solving as possible before going on leave:\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssess your job in terms of how it will work logistically to pump 15 to 20 minutes every three hours, plus setup and cleanup time. What are the busiest times of your workday? Are you near a refrigerator? Do you travel during the day?\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReview your workplace’s pumping policies and identify whether there is a pumping room.\u0026nbsp;If there is no pumping room, ask the facilities or office manager if an unused room is available.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen have a conversation with the right colleagues about your pumping plans, being strategic about who you talk to first. You know your workplace best: Don’t go to H.R. first if your boss would take offense.\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;recommended initiating\u0026nbsp;communication via email first. Ask to have an in-person meeting. If you think it may be awkward, you can be upfront about that.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere’s a sample script excerpted from\u0026nbsp;Shortall’s\u0026nbsp;book:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI want to proactively plan for a successful and productive return to work after my maternity leave. Part of that is planning ahead for pumping breastmilk once I am back at work. This will require me\u0026nbsp;to use a private room a few times every workday.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIn an effort to make this process as simple and efficient as possible, I've done my homework and put together a plan that I think will work really well, with minimal impact on facilities, people and productivity. I'd like to quickly walk you through this plan for your input, so we can get on the same page before my leave. Can we schedule time to discuss?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the in-person meeting, present your plan, assuming goodwill from your employer.\u0026nbsp;Dr. Kozhimannil suggested\u0026nbsp;using phrases like, “I'm really grateful” or “You've been really supportive,” to signal that you and your boss are on the same team. Once your employer is on board with your plan, ask for their help in solving any remaining problems, like finding a pumping space or installing a lock on the pumping room door. Suggest a check-in with your boss about how everything work-related is going, including accommodations for pumping, one month after you return\u0026nbsp;from leave.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eIf your manager isn’t accommodating,\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;recommended asking, “What about this specifically doesn't work?” Use the answer to gauge how big the problem is and how to approach it. Tara\u0026nbsp;Haelle, a health journalist, New York Times parenting contributor and co-author of a book on science-based approaches to parenting, suggested saying, “So-and-so takes smoking breaks; I'm going to use that time as a pumping break.” If someone is hostile, “go take a breather,”\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;advised. “Don't try to fight it in the\u0026nbsp;moment.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut do start\u0026nbsp;strategizing: If your workplace won’t provide pumping time and isn’t legally required to do so, think about using existing breaks or lunch or commuting time. If there’s no pumping room, can you pump in a coworker’s office, the office\u0026nbsp;of another tenant in your building or your car?\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf your workplace isn’t providing what’s legally required, use your best judgment.\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;suggested printing out\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/whd/FLSAEmployeeCard/BreaktimeNursingMothers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe relevant regulations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003eand bringing them to someone\u0026nbsp;with clout in a spirit of helpfully educating them, if you think they would be receptive and are unaware of such laws. If you bring up your legal rights, follow up with an email so you have a paper trail. Many states have hotlines for reporting noncompliance with workplace regulations, but Dr.\u0026nbsp;Kozhimannil\u0026nbsp;said the funding and capacity for follow-up varies tremendously by state.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen you’re about seven to eight months pregnant, it’s also a good idea to call your insurance to understand the logistics of getting\u0026nbsp;a breast pump, such as when and how you’ll get it, and which pumps they'll cover. Get one either shortly before your due date or while you’re in the hospital. It will be harder to get once the baby arrives. My insurance, for example, required me to get a prescription from my doctor and to pick up the pump at an in-network “durable medical equipment supplier” across town after 33 weeks of pregnancy. But when I learned that the supplier could deliver my pump directly to the hospital if I ordered it during my\u0026nbsp;stay, I decided that was the best route for me.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdeally, get a double electric pump with good reviews. (The\u0026nbsp;Wirecutter, a New York Times company that does rigorous product reviews,\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://thewirecutter.com/reviews/best-breast-pumps/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecommends\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;Spectra S1, and so do I. The\u0026nbsp;Medela\u0026nbsp;Pump In Style Advanced\u0026nbsp;is also popular, but I found it uncomfortable and didn’t like that it doesn’t allow you to adjust the suction and speed of pumping independently.)\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"If you encounter pushback before leave, try these strategies."},{"hed":"1 to 2 months before returning to work, master pumping and build a milk stash.","content":"\u003cp\u003eShortall\u0026nbsp;suggested having a friend who knows how to pump to help you do so for the first time. Multiple people I spoke with recommend\u0026nbsp;Pumpin’ Pal flanges\u0026nbsp;as more comfortable than the flanges typically provided with breast pumps (and I agree).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGet a pumping bra — or don’t. In general, pumping bras help by holding the flanges of the breast pump in place over your nipples while pumping so that your hands are free. They’re not very expensive as bras go, running around $30 to $35, but they\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eare\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;an extra expense.\u0026nbsp;Haelle\u0026nbsp;advised making your own pumping bra by buying a cheap sports bra and cutting slits in it; others use hair elastics to hold the flanges in place. (If you’re wondering how this even works,\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GM7t_PQsRC4\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethis YouTube video\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;might help.)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStart building a small stash of frozen breastmilk or devise a formula supplementation plan.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you’re building a stash, you don’t need a lot to get you through the first few days of work — despite what many on the internet might tell you. Heather Bingham, I.B.C.L.C., a board-certified lactation consultant in Boston, Mass., recommended having a minimum of 15 ounces of frozen\u0026nbsp;breastmilk ready before your first day, which she said is on the higher end of what a 3-month-old would consume in nine hours. Rebecca Costello, M.P.H., a board-certified lactation consultant in Ithaca, N.Y., recommended\u0026nbsp;building 30 to 40 ounces, about what a baby would consume in 24 to 36 hours. “The rest of the stash serves as a ‘rainy day fund’ for things like a spilled bottle or a missed pumping session,” said Costello. You may want more if you are planning to travel without the baby or if you work long shifts. Even if you’re at the office five days a week, you only need breastmilk to last for one to two days to start because you’re going to pump every day at work. (See our sample pumping plan below.)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo get 15 to 30 ounces of frozen milk, try to pump once a day at roughly the same time every day after you feed your baby. If possible, get someone else to hold the\u0026nbsp;baby while\u0026nbsp;you’re pumping. Start\u0026nbsp;doing this one or two months before you return to work to ensure you have enough. Pumping in the morning usually yields more milk than pumping at other times of day. “But the most important thing is finding a time that works for you,” said Bingham. Treat yourself gently and try not to pressure yourself to pump a certain amount of milk. “Some people's bodies don't respond as well to the pump,” said\u0026nbsp;Shortall. It’s also normal for a pump to extract less milk than a baby does when nursing, so if you’re not getting as much as you hoped, you don’t need to worry that your baby is not getting enough to eat.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrozen breastmilk lasts for about 6 months in the coldest (innermost) part of your freezer, depending on how cold your freezer is and whether it opens from the top or the side. Breastmilk that has never been frozen will last up to\u0026nbsp;four\u0026nbsp;days in the fridge,\u0026nbsp;while breastmilk that has been frozen and then thawed lasts only 24 hours in the fridge.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFreeze the\u0026nbsp;pumped\u0026nbsp;milk in bags that are the same size as what your baby typically drinks in one feeding. If your baby typically drinks 4 ounces, for example, freeze the milk in 4-ounce bags. If you’re not sure\u0026nbsp;about your baby’s consumption\u0026nbsp;or if\u0026nbsp;it\u0026nbsp;varies, freeze a mixture of 2- and 3-ounce bags for\u0026nbsp;flexibility.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eIf you’re planning \u003ca href=\"https://parenting.nytimes.com/feeding/combination-breast-bottle-feeding\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto supplement with formula\u003c/a\u003e, prepare your baby by giving them a taste of formula and seeing how they react. Call your pediatrician if you think your baby might be allergic to\u0026nbsp;formula; you may need to try soy-based formula or another kind.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you’re supplementing breastmilk with some formula, said\u0026nbsp;Haelle, don’t feel guilty: a baby will still get the benefits of breastmilk. “Just having some breastfeeding along with formula still cuts the risk of SIDS [Sudden Infant Death Syndrome] in half,” said\u0026nbsp;Haelle. “It's not like you have to be exclusively breastfeeding to get that benefit.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"Prepare your supplementation plan if needed."},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eMake sure you have pumping-friendly work clothes. You don’t necessarily need\u0026nbsp;specialized nursing clothes, per se: button-down shirts, shirts or dresses with stretchy or crossover necklines, blazers and cardigans are all compatible with pumping. Bring an extra shirt to stash at work in case of milk spills or leakage.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGet a manual breast pump (\u003ca href=\"link\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe\u0026nbsp;Wirecutter\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://thewirecutter.com/reviews/best-breast-pumps/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecommends the\u0026nbsp;Medela\u0026nbsp;Harmony\u003c/a\u003e) and an extra set of pumping parts to leave at work. These are useful in case you forget your electric pump or one of its many small components. Or get an extra electric\u0026nbsp;pump, which are\u0026nbsp;often available on local parents’ Facebook groups or email lists if you don’t\u0026nbsp;want to buy one new,\u0026nbsp;to leave at the office. (There have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/help/community/question/?id=10156232117641091\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereports\u003c/a\u003e, however, that Facebook has been blocking breast pump and pumping supplies listings on their marketplace communities. To get around this, some parents will simply post photos of their supplies without using the words “breast pump” in their listings.)\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome so-called “closed-system” electric pumps such as the Spectra S1,\u0026nbsp;which often have a barrier between the pumping motor and the expressed milk, are fine to acquire used. But “open-system” pumps, such as the\u0026nbsp;Medela\u0026nbsp;Pump\u0026nbsp;In\u0026nbsp;Style Advanced, are only recommended for one user, because breastmilk can get into the tubing or pump\u0026nbsp;motor and, in theory, contaminate those parts with bacteria.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA few days before your return\u0026nbsp;to work,\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;recommended doing a pumping dress rehearsal at home — especially if you’ll be in a situation that’ll require seemingly acrobatic maneuvers, such as needing to hold a door shut with one hand while pumping with the other. Wear the same clothes you plan on wearing to work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"1 to 2 weeks before returning to work, do a pumping test run."},{"hed":"When you return, follow this sample pumping schedule. ","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 1:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Send baby to their care provider with the thawed milk you prepped ahead of\u0026nbsp;time. Choose an amount\u0026nbsp;of milk\u0026nbsp;based on your baby’s consumption habits and number of hours at care\u0026nbsp;—\u0026nbsp;about\u0026nbsp;15 ounces for nine hours of care\u0026nbsp;is a good starting point if you don’t\u0026nbsp;know how much your baby typically drinks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePump at\u0026nbsp;work\u0026nbsp;(for 15- to\u0026nbsp;20-minute\u0026nbsp;increments, or until breasts feel drained,\u0026nbsp;about every three hours),\u0026nbsp;refrigerate\u0026nbsp;the milk and bring it home. Ask your care provider how much your baby drank that day.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 2:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Send your baby to their care provider with the amount of milk they drank the previous day. This\u0026nbsp;batch\u0026nbsp;will be made up of the milk you pumped on\u0026nbsp;day\u0026nbsp;one, plus any extra thawed milk or formula\u0026nbsp;needed\u0026nbsp;to make up the difference if\u0026nbsp;needed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePump at work again. If you pumped extra, refrigerate it for use within four days, or freeze it that day.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDays 3 and on:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Repeat. You may choose to add an extra pumping session (at night, for example) if you’d like to send more milk to day care or if you want to freeze more.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Most of all, be kind to yourself.","content":"\u003cp\u003eAdjust your pumping schedule as needed. If waiting\u0026nbsp;three hours between sessions causes your breasts to feel uncomfortably full, pump more often if you can. Be gentle with yourself about how much milk you get.\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;said her mantra is, “Your worth as a mother is not measured in ounces.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"hed":"What To Do"},"type":"GUIDE","correctedAt":"2019-06-12T18:00:00.000Z","isSensitiveContent":false,"whenToWorry":{"hed":"When to Ask for Help","quickLinkContent":"Here are some signs you may need additional support or medical care.","quickLinkSubhead":"When to ask for help","content":""},"topics":[{"name":"feeding","displayName":"Feeding \u0026 Nutrition","id":"1c44b640-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},{"displayName":"Baby","id":"a513bed0-29a8-11e9-875f-a3eaeb387614","name":"baby"},{"name":"baby-feeding","displayName":"Baby 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It Involves Fathers.","subHeadline":"","__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline"},"previouslyPublishedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/upshot/sweden-finds-a-simple-way-to-improve-new-mothers-health-it-involves-fathers.html","updatedAt":"2019-06-07T22:13:24.739Z","slug":"sweden-finds-a-simple-way-to-improve-new-mothers-health-it-involves-fathers","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Claire Cain Miller"}]}],"topic":{"name":"health","displayName":"Health \u0026 Wellness","id":"2018d290-29c3-11e9-9d29-fbc9f8b8f8b2"},"type":"ARTICLE","__typename":"Article","promotionalHeadline":"Sweden Finds a Way to Improve New Mothers’ Health: The Other Parent","promotionalMedia":{"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvYjJmMjk2MWEtNmJiOC01M2FhLWI0MGQtMDUyYjQ0ODc1YTVl","imageType":"photo","url":"/imagepages/2019/06/03/upshot/04up-parental-leave.html","uri":"nyt://image/b2f2961a-6bb8-53aa-b40d-052b44875a5e","credit":"Casper Hedberg for the International Herald Tribune","legacyHtmlCaption":"Shopping in Sweden in 2010. In 2012, the nation passed a law allowing fathers to take up to 30 days, as needed, in the year after a birth, while the mother was still on leave.","crops":[{"name":"MASTER","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-articleLarge.jpg","name":"articleLarge","width":600,"height":400,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-jumbo.jpg","name":"jumbo","width":1024,"height":683,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-superJumbo.jpg","name":"superJumbo","width":2048,"height":1366,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-master675.jpg","name":"master675","width":675,"height":450,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-master495.jpg","name":"master495","width":495,"height":330,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-master768.jpg","name":"master768","width":768,"height":512,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbStandard.jpg","name":"thumbStandard","width":75,"height":75,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbLarge.jpg","name":"thumbLarge","width":150,"height":150,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-smallSquare252.jpg","name":"smallSquare252","width":252,"height":252,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"THREE_BY_TWO","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-thumbWide.jpg","name":"thumbWide","width":190,"height":126,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-videoThumb.jpg","name":"videoThumb","width":75,"height":50,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-videoLarge.jpg","name":"videoLarge","width":768,"height":507,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-mediumThreeByTwo440.jpg","name":"mediumThreeByTwo440","width":440,"height":293,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-threeByTwoSmallAt2X.jpg","name":"threeByTwoSmallAt2X","width":600,"height":400,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"SIXTEEN_BY_NINE","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","name":"videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600","width":1600,"height":900,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"FACEBOOK","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/06/04/upshot/08up-parental-leave/merlin_36183856_58868219-2309-4a82-afd3-ba812a07f496-facebookJumbo.jpg","name":"facebookJumbo","width":1050,"height":550,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"}],"caption":{"text":"Shopping in Sweden in 2010. In 2012, the nation passed a law allowing fathers to take up to 30 days, as needed, in the year after a birth, while the mother was still on leave.","__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock"},"__typename":"Image"}},{"section":{"name":"upshot","displayName":"The Upshot","__typename":"Section"},"publishedAt":"2019-05-29T13:45:07.499Z","id":"e2e99b90-8217-11e9-a882-e931ecc17088","createdAt":"2019-05-29T13:45:07.499Z","creators":["Claire Cain Miller","Ernie Tedeschi"],"headline":{"default":"Single Mothers Are Surging Into the Work Force","subHeadline":"","__typename":"CreativeWorkHeadline"},"previouslyPublishedUrl":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/29/upshot/single-mothers-surge-employment.html","updatedAt":"2019-05-29T13:45:07.499Z","slug":"single-mothers-surge-employment","bylines":[{"__typename":"Byline","creators":[{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Claire Cain Miller"},{"__typename":"Person","displayName":"Ernie Tedeschi"}]}],"topic":{"id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money"},"type":"ARTICLE","scoopId":"100000006521893","isSensitiveContent":false,"summary":"A booming economy is one reason, along with state and local family-friendly policies, but also a fraying federal safety net.","ignoreInProgramming":false,"tone":"NEWS","subHeadline":"","topics":[{"displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"work-money"},{"displayName":"Work","id":"0a78e530-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","parent":{"name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},"name":"work"},{"id":"7edd13b0-4a69-11e9-94b1-0b2f88530bb4","parent":{"name":"parent-life","displayName":"Life as a Parent","id":"f9e8ab60-4a68-11e9-9578-d1996b70db7c"},"name":"motherhood","displayName":"Motherhood"},{"name":"parent-life","displayName":"Life as a Parent","id":"f9e8ab60-4a68-11e9-9578-d1996b70db7c"}],"timesTags":[{"slug":"","vernacular":"Single Moms","__typename":"Subject","displayName":"Single Mothers"},{"displayName":"Labor and Jobs","slug":"","vernacular":"Jobs","__typename":"Subject"},{"slug":"","vernacular":"Unemployment","__typename":"Subject","displayName":"Unemployment"},{"slug":"","vernacular":"Income Inequality","__typename":"Subject","displayName":"Income Inequality"},{"slug":"","vernacular":"Tax Credits Tax Deductions Tax Exemptions","__typename":"Subject","displayName":"Tax Credits, Deductions and Exemptions"}],"publishedStatus":"PUBLISHED","previouslyPublished":true,"__typename":"Article","promotionalHeadline":"More Single Mothers Are Joining the Work Force","promotionalMedia":{"id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvYjAwOTllMDUtNzZlOC01YjZhLWIwNmUtNGY3MDg5YTMyZjA5","imageType":"photo","url":"/imagepages/2019/05/22/upshot/up-singlemother1.html","uri":"nyt://image/b0099e05-76e8-5b6a-b06e-4f7089a32f09","credit":"Ralph D. 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Moving inventory in warehouses was one of the fastest-growing categories of jobs for single mothers.","crops":[{"name":"MASTER","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/merlin_135745257_d07ca854-e526-4b0b-9271-659b8a8aed7a-articleLarge.jpg","name":"articleLarge","width":600,"height":413,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/merlin_135745257_d07ca854-e526-4b0b-9271-659b8a8aed7a-jumbo.jpg","name":"jumbo","width":1024,"height":704,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/merlin_135745257_d07ca854-e526-4b0b-9271-659b8a8aed7a-superJumbo.jpg","name":"superJumbo","width":2048,"height":1408,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/merlin_135745257_d07ca854-e526-4b0b-9271-659b8a8aed7a-master675.jpg","name":"master675","width":675,"height":464,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/merlin_135745257_d07ca854-e526-4b0b-9271-659b8a8aed7a-master495.jpg","name":"master495","width":495,"height":340,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/merlin_135745257_d07ca854-e526-4b0b-9271-659b8a8aed7a-master768.jpg","name":"master768","width":768,"height":528,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"SMALL_SQUARE","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbStandard.jpg","name":"thumbStandard","width":75,"height":75,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-thumbLarge.jpg","name":"thumbLarge","width":150,"height":150,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-smallSquare252.jpg","name":"smallSquare252","width":252,"height":252,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"THREE_BY_TWO","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-thumbWide-v3.jpg","name":"thumbWide","width":190,"height":126,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-videoThumb-v3.jpg","name":"videoThumb","width":75,"height":50,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-videoLarge-v3.jpg","name":"videoLarge","width":768,"height":507,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-mediumThreeByTwo440-v3.jpg","name":"mediumThreeByTwo440","width":440,"height":293,"__typename":"ImageRendition"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/27up-singlemother1-threeByTwoSmallAt2X-v3.jpg","name":"threeByTwoSmallAt2X","width":600,"height":400,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"SIXTEEN_BY_NINE","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg","name":"videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600","width":1600,"height":900,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"},{"name":"FACEBOOK","renditions":[{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20190619114620/https://static01.nyt.com/images/2019/05/27/upshot/27up-singlemother1/up-singlemother1-facebookJumbo.jpg","name":"facebookJumbo","width":1050,"height":550,"__typename":"ImageRendition"}],"__typename":"ImageCrop"}],"caption":{"text":"An Amazon warehouse in Arizona. Moving inventory in warehouses was one of the fastest-growing categories of jobs for single mothers.","__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock"},"__typename":"Image"}}],"queryMetaData":[{"kind":"scoopReferences","moreResults":"MORE_RESULTS_AFTER_LIMIT"},{"kind":"guides","moreResults":"NO_MORE_RESULTS"}]},{"id":"moneyContent","__typename":"ArticleGroupProgram","title":"Money","titleLink":"/work-money/money/archive","featuredLockup":"LockupDekImage","secondaryLockup":"SmallLockupImage","moreText":"Money","moreLink":"/work-money/money/archive","assets":[{"headline":{"default":"How to Ask for Parental Leave When You’re an Hourly Worker"},"sources":"\u003cp\u003eLaura Brown, executive director, \u003ca href=\"http://www.firstshift.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirst Shift\u003c/a\u003e Justice, Oct. 10, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMolly Weston Williamson, senior staff attorney, \u003ca href=\"https://www.abetterbalance.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eA Better Balance\u003c/a\u003e, Sept. 26, 2018, Oct. 10, 2018 and Oct. 18, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Gedmark, senior staff attorney and director of the Southern Office, A Better Balance, Oct. 12, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJared Make, senior staff attorney and director of LGBTQ Rights at A Better Balance, Sept. 28, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShilpa Phadke, vice president of the Women's Initiative at \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe Center for American Progress\u003c/a\u003e, Oct.12, 2018, and Oct.19, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiz Morris, deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pregnantatwork.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCenter for WorkLife Law\u003c/a\u003e at University of California Hastings, Oct. 16, 2018, and Oct. 18, 2018\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.ruthmilkman.info/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRuth Milkman\u003c/a\u003e, professor of sociology at the City University of New York Graduate Center, Oct. 11, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVicki Shabo, vice president at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalpartnership.org/about-us/staff/vicki-shabo.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Partnership for Women \u0026amp; Families\u003c/a\u003e, Oct. 5, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"http://populardemocracy.org/sites/default/files/HourbyHour_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHour by Hour: Women in Today’s Workweek\u003c/a\u003e,” the Center for Popular Democracy, May 2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://pub.flowpaper.com/docs/https://www.abetterbalance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ABB_Policy-Brief2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eConstructing 21st Century Rights for a Changing Workforce: A Policy Brief Series\u003c/a\u003e,” A Better Balance, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://nwlc-ciw49tixgw5lbab.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/part-time_workers_fact_sheet_8.21.1513.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePart-time Works Are Paid Less, Have Less Access to Benefits—and Two-Thirds Are Women\u003c/a\u003e,” National Women’s Law Center, September 2015\u003c/p\u003e","updatedAt":"2019-05-22T13:34:20.407Z","slug":"parental-leave-hourly-worker","hero":"","body":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough decades of research have shown that all parents need time off to care for their child —\u0026nbsp;and to care for themselves —\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"http://inthesetimes.com/article/18151/the-real-war-on-families\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eone in four American\u003c/a\u003e women returns to work less than two weeks after having a baby.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOf the nearly\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://nwlc-ciw49tixgw5lbab.stackpathdns.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/part-time_workers_fact_sheet_8.21.1513.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e20 percent\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;of people who work part-time, two-thirds are women in low-wage jobs. Many hourly or low-wage workers can’t afford to take unpaid time off — and few get paid leave. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ncs/ebs/benefits/2018/employee-benefits-in-the-united-states-march-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOnly\u003c/a\u003e 4 percent of the lowest-paid private-sector workers get paid leave, compared to 27 percent of professionals. The United States is one of only two countries in the world without a national paid family leave policy. And while the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/benefits-leave/fmla\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFamily Medical Leave Act\u003c/a\u003e gives eligible workers the right to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected time off, it covers only 60 percent of the workforce.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor this guide, I consulted researchers, sociologists, women’s rights advocates, an economist and attorneys to find out how hourly workers can understand and exercise their rights\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eto parental leave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","whatToDo":{"hed":"What To Do","content":[{"hed":"Know your federal rights.","content":"\u003cp\u003eUnder the F.M.L.A., you are eligible for 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected time off only if you work for a company with more than 50 employees within a 75-mile radius and have worked at your job at least 1,250 hours (24 hours weekly) during the previous year. Married or unmarried workers, regardless of sexual orientation, are eligible if the child is biological, adopted, a foster child, a stepchild, a legal ward or a child of a person acting “in loco parentis” — in place of a parent. Jared Make, senior staff attorney and director of LGBTQ rights at the legal advocacy organization A Better Balance, said, “Generally, if you’re raising a child and engaged in day-to-day parenting responsibilities, you are acting in loco parentis and can qualify as a parent for bonding leave.” A Better Balance has an \u003ca href=\"https://www.abetterbalance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Updated-Guide-for-LGBTQ-Workers-and-Families-to-the-FMLA-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eoverview\u003c/a\u003e of LGBTQ rights under the F.M.L.A.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFederal law gives you rights even before you give birth: The \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/pregnancy.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePregnancy Discrimination Act\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAmericans with Disabilities Act\u003c/a\u003e make it illegal for employers with 15 or more employees to treat you unfairly while you’re pregnant or, in certain cases, if you have a pregnancy-related medical disability, such as gestational diabetes or cervical incompetence.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Know your local rights.","content":"\u003cp\u003eState and local laws may provide additional benefits. California, New Jersey, Rhode Island and New York provide paid family and medical leave benefits covering most private-sector workers in their states, said Molly Weston Williamson, senior staff attorney at A Better Balance. Washington State and Washington, D.C., will provide paid leave in 2020, and Massachusetts will do so in 2021. (See this \u003ca href=\"https://www.abetterbalance.org/resources/paid-family-leave-laws-chart/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003equick reference chart\u003c/a\u003e.) The organization also has a \u003ca href=\"https://babygate.abetterbalance.org/know-your-rights/state-local-rights/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eguide\u003c/a\u003e to search your state rights nationwide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn 25 states, the District of Columbia and four cities, laws require employers to provide \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalpartnership.org/research-library/workplace-fairness/pregnancy-discrimination/reasonable-accommodations-for-pregnant-workers-state-laws.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereasonable accommodations\u003c/a\u003e for pregnant workers. If you are terminated right after birth, that could also be considered pregnancy discrimination, Williamson said.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you live in California, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Puerto Rico or Hawaii, you may qualify for \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/wb/resources/paid_parental_leave_in_the_united_states.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTemporary Disability Insurance\u003c/a\u003e. “This law gives you the right to money in your pocket to partially make up for the loss of your paycheck when you’re unable to work due to ‘off-the-job’ — meaning \u003cem\u003enot\u003c/em\u003e workers’ comp — illness or injury,” said Williamson. Your benefits may kick in if you have a pregnancy-related disability. “When you have given birth, your doctor will certify you for a period of time as disabled for purposes of T.D.I.,” said Williamson. Women in these states can organize maternity leave this way: disability benefits for recovery from childbirth followed by paid family leave benefits for bonding. The terms and the amount of money you get differ per state.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo federal laws guarantee paid sick leave, a worst-case option. Check to see if you live in one of the 11 \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/workplace/paid-sick-days/paid-sick-days-statutes.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003estates or district\u003c/a\u003e that have paid sick time laws on the books.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Find an advocate.","content":"\u003cp\u003eSeek the advice of an attorney well in advance of your need for leave, advises Laura Brown, executive director of First Shift Justice, a workers’ rights group. A Better Balance (833-633-3222) and the \u003ca href=\"https://worklifelaw.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCenter for WorkLife Law\u003c/a\u003e (415-703-8276) have free hotlines that connect you with an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“If you end up with a discrimination case and the company doesn’t respond appropriately, we can intervene on a more formal basis,” said Liz Morris, deputy director of the Center for WorkLife Law.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you are connected with a social worker for other services, said Brown, think about using that person as a resource to help you advocate for yourself.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNew laws pop up all the time. Don’t assume you’re out of luck until you’ve talked to an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eThink hard about your relationship with your boss and whether you feel safe coming forward, said Shilpa Phadke, vice president of the Women's Initiative at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCenter for American Progress\u003c/a\u003e: “The power dynamic between your boss and you is real.” Understand the dynamics of the workplace, and see who else has taken leave, Phadke suggested.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen Melissa Carlile-Price, an actor and restaurant worker, told her shift manager at Union Square Café in New York that she was pregnant, the manager immediately asked her what she needed. She wanted to work eight hours maximum and no double-shifts. Management agreed. In her third trimester, her manager kept her on the first floor so she wouldn’t have to climb stairs. These concessions made pregnancy while waiting tables more tolerable, she said. “The management team was constantly checking in on me, making sure I was comfortable, drinking water and getting breaks.” She wasn’t eligible for F.M.L.A. leave, but the human resources department guided her \u003cem\u003eand\u003c/em\u003e her husband, a caterer, through New York State's \u003ca href=\"https://paidfamilyleave.ny.gov/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePaid Family Leave\u003c/a\u003e, which gave them job-protected paid time off.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot everyone is so fortunate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eClayshawn Wilson had been working for six months as a relief manager for an ezStorage facility in Maryland when she delivered her fourth child. Because she did not qualify for F.M.L.A., she returned to work five days after the birth. “I couldn’t afford to lose my job,” she said. She took three days off without pay, in addition to the two unpaid off-shift days she had. She suffered from severe back and belly-button pain, and although her doctor had asked for accommodations, she received none, she said.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShe spent her days cleaning storage doors and bathrooms, sweeping, vacuuming and renting units. Terrified of being homeless with four kids, she did not quit. But things did not end well. The company fired Wilson, who went on to collect unemployment. Calls and messages left for Nancy Delach, ezStorage's HR manager, were not returned.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnionized workers have some protection against being dismissed from their jobs if they ask for leave, unlike their nonunion counterparts. “It’s also safer for them to make the request,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ruthmilkman.info/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRuth Milkman\u003c/a\u003e, professor of sociology at the City University of New York Graduate Center. “Under most union contracts, workers can only be fired for good cause — in contrast to nonunion workers who fall under ‘\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/employment-at-will_doctrine\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eemployment at will\u003c/a\u003e’ and can fired at any time,” she said.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you don’t feel safe coming forward individually, consider banding together with others, suggested Vicki Shabo, vice president at the National Partnership for Women \u0026amp; Families. Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/rights/employee-rights\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Labor Relations Act\u003c/a\u003e, employers cannot retaliate against employees for talking about their benefits with one other.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"Assess your situation. "},{"hed":"Prepare before telling your boss.","content":"\u003cp\u003eRemember that you’re asking for something reasonable and be ready for a variety of reactions. Our experts recommended the following approach:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGo into the conversation with eyes open.\u003c/strong\u003e “Talk to employees who have been through it before, bring it up with human resources, check employee handbooks and make sure you’re up on federal and state law,” said Elizabeth Gedmark, senior staff attorney and director of the Southern Office at A Better Balance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGo in with a plan\u003c/strong\u003e. “If you work at a retail outlet, maybe there’s another employee who works part-time who would be willing to pick up extra shifts,” said Morris. Reassure your boss that you’re committed to the job, and that your job is critically important to your family’s financial security. “For most decent human beings, hearing that someone’s income is critical to putting food on the table and a roof over their baby’s head, that will go a long way.”\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTake careful notes.\u003c/strong\u003e “When you go in to talk to your boss or HR about your pregnancy, write down the date, time, who was there and any comments that may have offended you,” said Gedmark. “Note if your boss said ‘Joe had surgery and needed time off — but we can’t do that for you.’ Write down anything that can be considered ‘discriminatory intent,’ ” she said.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmail those notes to yourself on your personal email\u003c/strong\u003e. They should be time-stamped.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStress that turnover costs make you worth keeping.\u003c/strong\u003e If you earn less than $30,000 annually, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2012/11/16/44464/there-are-significant-business-costs-to-replacing-employees/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e16 percent\u003c/a\u003e of your salary to replace you. Remind your boss of indirect costs. “It matters if everyone in your shop knows that you fired a pregnant woman who asked to take a month off work,” said Morris.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIf you have to quit to get leave, stay in touch.\u003c/strong\u003e \"Even if you don't have job protection, tell your employer that you will reapply for your job after you have the baby, and stay in touch while you are on leave, so they don't forget you,\" said Brown.\u003c/p\u003e"}]},"topic":{"displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"work-money"},"type":"GUIDE","isSensitiveContent":false,"theGist":{"hed":"The Gist","content":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eGet educated about your eligibility for job-protected, unpaid leave under the Family Medical Leave Act and equivalent state and city laws.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eCheck your employee handbook, calculate your sick leave and, if you’re in a union, see if it has negotiated parental leave.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eKnow your rights concerning pregnancy discrimination and accommodations for pregnancy-related disabilities, including recovery from childbirth.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eCall a legal hotline so an attorney can advise you in advance, and find an advocate in your community.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eTalk to co-workers to see what leave they got; and when you tell your boss about your pregnancy, take notes and be on alert for discriminatory remarks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"},"summary":"When you're an hourly worker, parental leave is seldom guaranteed, but a patchwork of solutions can help.","ignoreInProgramming":false,"whenToWorry":{"hed":"","quickLinkContent":"Here are some signs you may need additional support or medical care.","quickLinkSubhead":"When to ask for help","content":""},"topics":[{"displayName":"Newborn","id":"b4808080-29c4-11e9-9987-55724655059c","name":"newborn"},{"name":"work","displayName":"Work","id":"0a78e530-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","parent":{"name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"}},{"name":"money","displayName":"Money","id":"24562390-29c2-11e9-ad50-cf125daa836b","parent":{"id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money"}},{"name":"pregnancy","displayName":"Pregnancy","id":"9db0fcd0-29a7-11e9-a9af-df38cd54985f"},{"name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"}],"author":{"name":"Diane Mehta","bio":"\u003cp\u003eDiane Mehta has written about parenting, books and culture and is the author of a poetry collection, “Forest With Castanets.” She has a 15-year-old son.\u003c/p\u003e"},"publishedStatus":"PUBLISHED","secondaryMediaScoopId":"100000006487350","promotionalMediaScoopId":"100000006519022","publishedAt":"2019-05-21T10:00:00.000Z","id":"6dafe580-4056-11e9-acd9-e36e827c6538","createdAt":"2019-03-06T21:33:53.811Z","promotionalMedia":{"__typename":"Image","id":"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvZWE0MmIzMzMtZmVkMi01NWI5LWIzYmUtZmU2M2JmMTkyYWNk","imageType":"photo","url":"/imagepages/2019/05/20/multimedia/parenting-hourly-worker.html","uri":"nyt://image/ea42b333-fed2-55b9-b3be-fe63bf192acd","credit":"Luci 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Cain Miller"],"headline":{"default":"Women Did Everything Right. 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","__typename":"TextOnlyDocumentBlock"},"__typename":"Image"}},{"promotionalMediaScoopId":"100000006442037","publishedAt":"2019-05-07T02:04:00.000Z","id":"83c4c430-4051-11e9-acd9-e36e827c6538","createdAt":"2019-03-06T21:17:03.167Z","headline":{"default":"Two Jobs, Two New Parents: How to Negotiate Your New Reality"},"sources":"\u003cp\u003eJancee Dunn, author of “How Not to Hate Your Husband After Kids,” Aug. 24, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDaisy Wademan Dowling, founder and CEO of Workparent and Harvard Business Review contributor, Aug. 27, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLauren Smith Brody, author of “The Fifth Trimester: The Working Mom's Guide to Style, Sanity, and Big Success After Baby,” Aug. 27, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrad Harrington, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/carroll-school/sites/center-for-work-family.html\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBoston College Center for Work and Family\u003c/a\u003e, Aug. 28, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJulie Schwartz Gottman, co-founder and president of \u003ca href=\"https://www.gottman.com/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe Gottman Institute\u003c/a\u003e, Aug. 29, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrigid Schulte, author of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Overwhelmed-Work-Love-Play-When/dp/1501209981\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOverwhelmed: Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the Time,\u003c/a\u003e” and director of the Better Life Lab, Sept. 4, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"http://www.thenewdad.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/BCCWF_The_New_Dad_2017.163101956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe New Dad: The Career-Caregiving Conflict\u003c/a\u003e,” Boston College Center for Work and Family, 2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJill E. Yavorsky, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jomf.12189\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e“The Production of Inequality: The Gender Division of Labor Across the Transition to Parenthood,”\u003c/a\u003e 2015.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlyssa Schneebaum, \u003ca href=\"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1828\u0026amp;context=open_access_dissertations\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e“The Economics of Same-Sex Couple Households: Essays on Work, Wages and Poverty,”\u003c/a\u003e 2013.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePew Research Center, ““\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/11/04/raising-kids-and-running-a-household-how-working-parents-share-the-load/st_2015-11-04_working-parents-02/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDivision of Labor in Households with Two Full-Time Working Parents\u003c/a\u003e,” Nov. 2, 2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBureau of Labor Statistics, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/news.release/famee.nr0.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEmployment Charateristics of Families Summary\u003c/a\u003e, April 19, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBright Horizons Family Solutions, \u003ca href=\"http://investors.brighthorizons.com/index.php/news-releases/news-release-details/new-study-reveals-working-parents-fear-family-responsibilities\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eModern Family Index\u003c/a\u003e, June 24, 2014\u003c/p\u003e","updatedAt":"2019-05-08T10:49:09.166Z","slug":"two-working-parents-childcare","hero":"","body":"\u003cp\u003eBoth my husband and I found our employers understanding about the ways in which becoming a parent would disrupt our lives. Negotiations about our schedules and workloads went smoothly, leaving us as surprised as we were grateful.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChildcare-related negotiations between the two of us were considerably more challenging. We were wholly unprepared to navigate the endless parade of professional interruptions that a child can bring about. There’s the routine, and then there’s life — the sick days, doctors’ appointments and morning tantrums — that can make being in a two-career couple feel like an impossibility. Who should take the hit when someone has to miss work to deal?\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut conflict is not inevitable. I spoke to six experts, including a mix of journalists, academics, career consultants and psychologists, and they said avoiding disputes requires planning, levelheadedness and an understanding that you and your partner probably can’t do this alone.\u003c/p\u003e","whatToDo":{"content":[{"hed":"Plan ahead, far ahead, and in detail.","content":"\u003cp\u003eImport the school or childcare center’s calendar into your personal calendars at the very beginning of the year. If you have a nanny, ask them to alert you to their planned days off as far in advance as possible. Sit down with your partner and go through all the child-care breakdowns and decide how they will be managed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile you’re at it, create a detailed plan should a child, or caregiver, wake up sick. You might decide to each work half a childcare-free day, or you’ll realize that it makes more sense for one parent to be the default emergency caregiver. You might also come up with a list of backup caregivers, professionals, relatives and neighbors, who can take over in a pinch. Such planning could include a short trip to your company’s backup childcare center, if it exists, so you and your children can get to know it. “You are trying to eliminate the feeling of being in improvisation mode,” said Daisy Wademan Dowling, founder and CEO of Workparent.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanning in advance is especially important for parents who don’t get paid sick days\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003efrom their employer and stand to lose a day of wages should they have to stay home from work to care for themselves of their children. (The federal government does not guarantee paid leave in the event of childbirth or illness in the family.) Brigid Schulte, author of “Overwhelmed: Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the Time” and director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.newamerica.org/better-life-lab/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe Better Life Lab\u003c/a\u003e, a nonprofit devoted to helping people reconcile work and family, suggests that parents who lack paid leave should think about ways they can formalize their informal networks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Parents have to create the systems for themselves to replace what our policies aren’t creating right now,” Schulte said. She recommends considering whether there are any stay-at-home parents or grandparents in the neighborhood who would willing to watch your children during the day, perhaps for a fee or a childcare barter. Lastly, think about co-workers who might be willing to swap shifts on quick notice and discuss this with them in advance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlso, have direct conversations with your partner about who does what in your house. Jancee Dunn, author of “How Not to Hate Your Husband After Kids,” recommends making “everything, all roles, all tasks, crystal clear.” Who is responsible for applying sunscreen in the morning? Making lunches?\u0026nbsp;Smoothing out this routine will make it more efficient, which should buy you some wiggle room in case your child has an inconveniently timed diaper blowout. A predetermined, mutually agreed upon plan minimizes resentment.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Schedule your personal life like it’s a job.","content":"\u003cp\u003eOnce a week —experts recommend Sunday evenings — sit down with your partner and go over your weekly schedules. Make sure you both know when one of you has to leave early, or come home late. Try to avoid double-booking long days whenever possible and look for ways to free up time. Maybe partner A can do drop-off on Tuesday so partner B can fit in some exercise or a trip to the grocery store?\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs long as you’re sitting down together, Julie Schwartz Gottman Ph.D, a clinical psychologist and co-founder and president of the Gottman Institute, an organization dedicated to strengthening relationships through research-based products and programs, recommends touching base on your feelings as well. Under a lot of pressure at work? Fighting with a friend or family member? These are sources of stress that often get left out of daily conversation when life is busy. Gottman recommends that couples approach one another’s problems with empathy and avoid problem-solving. This should be a time to connect.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eFor employees who have an easy rapport with their bosses, Dowling suggests being direct and proactive when explaining your parental commitments, and never apologizing. Present the scenario — be it a one-off doctor’s appointment, or a weekly 5:30 pick-up from soccer practice — and accompany it with a solution to any problems the disruption might pose. “You are not asking permission, and you are not presenting it as something negative,” she said.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere will inevitably come a time when the demands of your children will impede on your ability to perform at work. During these moments, be direct with bosses and colleagues and invite them to collaborate on a solution. This confirms your commitment and allows your workplace to come up with a strategy that will likely help others further down the line.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you don’t feel comfortable speaking directly to the boss and requesting accommodations, you are not alone. One study found that nearly half of employees fear that discussing family responsibilities with their employers could get them fired. Schulte said this could be extra risky for hourly workers, who are often held to unpredictable and inflexible schedules that they have little control over\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStill, if you sense that you have a supportive employer, there are others ways to broach the topic that don’t involve making demands\u003cem\u003e. \u003c/em\u003e“You want to let them know in advance that you have children, and that you have thought through a back-up plan should your childcare fall through one day,” Schulte said.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"If you have a supportive boss, talk to them in advance."},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eAs much as possible, make sure both parents take care of children on their own when the children are infants. According to Pew Research Center, moms are still slightly more likely to do more caregiving, even when both partners work. And while same-sex couples generally divide up domestic work more equally than their heterosexual counterparts, they still tend to fall into the pattern of primary and secondary parent after having kids. Lauren Smith Brody, author of “The Fifth Trimester,” suggests staggering parental leave if you both have it. This way, both parents can learn the ins-and-outs of daily life with kids.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf parental leave for both parents isn’t an option, the more-experienced parent can make a habit of leaving their partner alone with their baby during nonwork hours. This gives the less-experienced parent a chance to learn the ins-and-outs of parenting, and connect with the baby. These efforts to co-parent from the beginning can set the tone for later on and decrease the odds that one parent is always the default caregiver, and work-abandoner, when interruptions arise.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen your co-parenting efforts occasionally fail, try to give one another the benefit of the doubt— and remember that a lack of institutional support (paternity leave, affordable childcare, family-friendly workplaces) is often the real culprit.\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"Co-parent as early and often as possible."},{"hed":"It takes a village, so create one.","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn addition to paid or bartered help, it’s wise to have a community of friends and family who can pitch in. Brody suggests building a village by both proactively offering favors and asking for them in return. When you ask a friend to pick up your kids so you can stay late for a meeting, you are suggesting that you would be willing to do the same. A parent friend once thanked Brody for asking for help, explaining, “I’m so happy you asked for this favor, because now I can ask for it too.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Keep your cool.","content":"\u003cp\u003eAfter years of heated negotiations about who should do what when scheduling issues arose, Dunn said she learned to keep emotions out of it. “It can’t devolve into who deserves something more. Who deserves the most rest? Who has the most important job? It is a no-win situation,” she said. Instead, be “coldly transactional,” she said. Focus on what is non-negotiable, what is negotiable, and don’t get stuck on trying to make it 50/50. It’s more important that the solution feels right to both parties. Do your best to avoid bringing any other marital frustrations or unresolved issues into the conversation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDunn also encourages mixing in incentives. Tell your partner that if they take care of the pediatrician appointment on Thursday, he or she will get a few hours alone at home on a Sunday morning. “Being transactional can reduce guilt,” she said.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"hed":"What To Do"},"topic":{"name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},"type":"GUIDE","isSensitiveContent":false,"theGist":{"content":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003ePlanning ahead is essential. Stay up-to-date on one another’s calendars and have backup plans ready to go when the inevitable scheduling snafu arises.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eGet specific with your morning routine. Divvy up all child-related tasks, even down to who is applying sunscreen in the morning.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eKeep emotions out of it. Sick days are not the right moment to explore marital or professional frustrations. Forget your fantasy about 50/50 parenting and make a plan.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBuild a community of family and friends who can help you out.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e","hed":"The Gist"},"summary":"Childcare-related negotiations and professional interruptions can be a challenge new moms and dads are unprepared to face.","ignoreInProgramming":false,"whenToWorry":{"quickLinkSubhead":"When to ask for help","content":"","hed":"When to Ask for Help","quickLinkContent":"Here are some signs you may need additional support or medical care."},"topics":[{"id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money"},{"id":"b4808080-29c4-11e9-9987-55724655059c","name":"newborn","displayName":"Newborn"},{"id":"a513bed0-29a8-11e9-875f-a3eaeb387614","name":"baby","displayName":"Baby"},{"id":"c697b0a0-2ee1-11e9-bb7a-63050ed6a90a","parent":{"id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money"},"name":"childcare","displayName":"Child Care"}],"publishedStatus":"PUBLISHED","author":{"bio":"\u003cp\u003eElissa Strauss is a contributing writer to CNN.com, where she covers the politics of culture and parenthood. 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10-month-old stuck his hand in the cat’s litter while I was writing this article. (It’s\u0026nbsp;O.K., I think I got to him before he touched his mouth.) This is just to say that the vast majority of working parents, even those who work from home, can’t keep their\u0026nbsp;babies with them while they’re working. This means that if they want to keep breastfeeding while they work, they have to pump breastmilk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eI talked to three breastfeeding experts and two lactation consultants; as well as five parents who navigated the decision to pump breastmilk when they returned to work as restaurant managers, police, scientists, soldiers and consultants. In researching this article, I heard about women pumping in printer closets, in the back of Humvees, in bathrooms and while driving.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe experts I consulted all said that the best approach is to know your rights, make a plan and communicate transparently with your employer. Both experts and parents agreed: above all, be kind to yourself.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","whatToDo":{"hed":"What To Do","content":[{"hed":"Know your rights.","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Affordable Care Act requires that all private health insurers\u0026nbsp;cover breast pumps. (This may not apply if you are covered by a “grandfathered plan”\u0026nbsp;that\u0026nbsp;you or your employer bought\u0026nbsp;before March 23, 2010 and\u0026nbsp;which hasn’t\u0026nbsp;had significant\u0026nbsp;benefits or cost\u0026nbsp;changes\u0026nbsp;since.)\u0026nbsp;Medicaid, with the exception of Medicaid expansion, is exempt\u0026nbsp;from this law.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe A.C.A. also requires some employers to give employees pumping breaks, which may or may not be paid, and to provide a place to pump that isn’t a bathroom, has a door that closes and is “free from intrusion from coworkers and the public.”\u0026nbsp;Many states have laws requiring additional accommodations, such as requiring employers to at least try to provide a pumping area close to an employee’s work space. (To get a state-by-state breakdown of laws, consult the\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/wb/maps/4.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDepartment of Labor\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;or the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/breastfeeding-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNational Conference of State Legislatures\u003c/a\u003e.)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis portion of the federal law only applies to employers that do business across state lines and to employees who are eligible for overtime pay. It is a common misconception that the law does not apply to employers with fewer than 50 employees, but all businesses — regardless of size — must comply unless they can show that providing pumping breaks would be an undue hardship.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite federal law, however, many workplaces don’t make even the simplest of pumping accommodations; even if they’re required to do so. According to a 2016 study published in the journal\u0026nbsp;Women’s Health Issues, just 40 percent of the 550 working mothers in the United States surveyed had access to both time and a private space to pump.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“Right now, the enforcement of this legislation is not very strong,” said Dr. Katy\u0026nbsp;Kozhimannil, Ph.D., a\u0026nbsp;health researcher at the University of Minnesota and lead author of the study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis can have real consequences for both mothers and babies. Women who had access to these workplace accommodations were 2.3 times more likely to be\u0026nbsp;breastfeeding exclusively at six months than women without them, according to the 2016 study, meaning that women without pumping accommodations were more likely to need to supplement with formula or to stop breastfeeding entirely.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Make a pumping plan before you go on leave.","content":"\u003cp\u003eJessica\u0026nbsp;Shortall, M.B.A., author of the book “Work. Pump. Repeat.: The New Mom's Survival Guide to Breastfeeding and Going Back to Work,” recommended doing as much problem-solving as possible before going on leave:\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssess your job in terms of how it will work logistically to pump 15 to 20 minutes every three hours, plus setup and cleanup time. What are the busiest times of your workday? Are you near a refrigerator? Do you travel during the day?\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReview your workplace’s pumping policies and identify whether there is a pumping room.\u0026nbsp;If there is no pumping room, ask the facilities or office manager if an unused room is available.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThen have a conversation with the right colleagues about your pumping plans, being strategic about who you talk to first. You know your workplace best: Don’t go to H.R. first if your boss would take offense.\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;recommended initiating\u0026nbsp;communication via email first. Ask to have an in-person meeting. If you think it may be awkward, you can be upfront about that.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHere’s a sample script excerpted from\u0026nbsp;Shortall’s\u0026nbsp;book:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eI want to proactively plan for a successful and productive return to work after my maternity leave. Part of that is planning ahead for pumping breastmilk once I am back at work. This will require me\u0026nbsp;to use a private room a few times every workday.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eIn an effort to make this process as simple and efficient as possible, I've done my homework and put together a plan that I think will work really well, with minimal impact on facilities, people and productivity. I'd like to quickly walk you through this plan for your input, so we can get on the same page before my leave. Can we schedule time to discuss?\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the in-person meeting, present your plan, assuming goodwill from your employer.\u0026nbsp;Dr. Kozhimannil suggested\u0026nbsp;using phrases like, “I'm really grateful” or “You've been really supportive,” to signal that you and your boss are on the same team. Once your employer is on board with your plan, ask for their help in solving any remaining problems, like finding a pumping space or installing a lock on the pumping room door. Suggest a check-in with your boss about how everything work-related is going, including accommodations for pumping, one month after you return\u0026nbsp;from leave.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"If you encounter pushback before leave, try these strategies.","content":"\u003cp\u003eIf your manager isn’t accommodating,\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;recommended asking, “What about this specifically doesn't work?” Use the answer to gauge how big the problem is and how to approach it. Tara\u0026nbsp;Haelle, a health journalist, New York Times parenting contributor and co-author of a book on science-based approaches to parenting, suggested saying, “So-and-so takes smoking breaks; I'm going to use that time as a pumping break.” If someone is hostile, “go take a breather,”\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;advised. “Don't try to fight it in the\u0026nbsp;moment.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBut do start\u0026nbsp;strategizing: If your workplace won’t provide pumping time and isn’t legally required to do so, think about using existing breaks or lunch or commuting time. If there’s no pumping room, can you pump in a coworker’s office, the office\u0026nbsp;of another tenant in your building or your car?\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf your workplace isn’t providing what’s legally required, use your best judgment.\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;suggested printing out\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/whd/FLSAEmployeeCard/BreaktimeNursingMothers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe relevant regulations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/a\u003eand bringing them to someone\u0026nbsp;with clout in a spirit of helpfully educating them, if you think they would be receptive and are unaware of such laws. If you bring up your legal rights, follow up with an email so you have a paper trail. Many states have hotlines for reporting noncompliance with workplace regulations, but Dr.\u0026nbsp;Kozhimannil\u0026nbsp;said the funding and capacity for follow-up varies tremendously by state.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen you’re about seven to eight months pregnant, it’s also a good idea to call your insurance to understand the logistics of getting\u0026nbsp;a breast pump, such as when and how you’ll get it, and which pumps they'll cover. Get one either shortly before your due date or while you’re in the hospital. It will be harder to get once the baby arrives. My insurance, for example, required me to get a prescription from my doctor and to pick up the pump at an in-network “durable medical equipment supplier” across town after 33 weeks of pregnancy. But when I learned that the supplier could deliver my pump directly to the hospital if I ordered it during my\u0026nbsp;stay, I decided that was the best route for me.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdeally, get a double electric pump with good reviews. (The\u0026nbsp;Wirecutter, a New York Times company that does rigorous product reviews,\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://thewirecutter.com/reviews/best-breast-pumps/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecommends\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;Spectra S1, and so do I. The\u0026nbsp;Medela\u0026nbsp;Pump In Style Advanced\u0026nbsp;is also popular, but I found it uncomfortable and didn’t like that it doesn’t allow you to adjust the suction and speed of pumping independently.)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"content":"\u003cp\u003eShortall\u0026nbsp;suggested having a friend who knows how to pump to help you do so for the first time. Multiple people I spoke with recommend\u0026nbsp;Pumpin’ Pal flanges\u0026nbsp;as more comfortable than the flanges typically provided with breast pumps (and I agree).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGet a pumping bra — or don’t. In general, pumping bras help by holding the flanges of the breast pump in place over your nipples while pumping so that your hands are free. They’re not very expensive as bras go, running around $30 to $35, but they\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eare\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;an extra expense.\u0026nbsp;Haelle\u0026nbsp;advised making your own pumping bra by buying a cheap sports bra and cutting slits in it; others use hair elastics to hold the flanges in place. (If you’re wondering how this even works,\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GM7t_PQsRC4\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethis YouTube video\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;might help.)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStart building a small stash of frozen breastmilk or devise a formula supplementation plan.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you’re building a stash, you don’t need a lot to get you through the first few days of work — despite what many on the internet might tell you. Heather Bingham, I.B.C.L.C., a board-certified lactation consultant in Boston, Mass., recommended having a minimum of 15 ounces of frozen\u0026nbsp;breastmilk ready before your first day, which she said is on the higher end of what a 3-month-old would consume in nine hours. Rebecca Costello, M.P.H., a board-certified lactation consultant in Ithaca, N.Y., recommended\u0026nbsp;building 30 to 40 ounces, about what a baby would consume in 24 to 36 hours. “The rest of the stash serves as a ‘rainy day fund’ for things like a spilled bottle or a missed pumping session,” said Costello. You may want more if you are planning to travel without the baby or if you work long shifts. Even if you’re at the office five days a week, you only need breastmilk to last for one to two days to start because you’re going to pump every day at work. (See our sample pumping plan below.)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo get 15 to 30 ounces of frozen milk, try to pump once a day at roughly the same time every day after you feed your baby. If possible, get someone else to hold the\u0026nbsp;baby while\u0026nbsp;you’re pumping. Start\u0026nbsp;doing this one or two months before you return to work to ensure you have enough. Pumping in the morning usually yields more milk than pumping at other times of day. “But the most important thing is finding a time that works for you,” said Bingham. Treat yourself gently and try not to pressure yourself to pump a certain amount of milk. “Some people's bodies don't respond as well to the pump,” said\u0026nbsp;Shortall. It’s also normal for a pump to extract less milk than a baby does when nursing, so if you’re not getting as much as you hoped, you don’t need to worry that your baby is not getting enough to eat.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrozen breastmilk lasts for about 6 months in the coldest (innermost) part of your freezer, depending on how cold your freezer is and whether it opens from the top or the side. Breastmilk that has never been frozen will last up to\u0026nbsp;four\u0026nbsp;days in the fridge,\u0026nbsp;while breastmilk that has been frozen and then thawed lasts only 24 hours in the fridge.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFreeze the\u0026nbsp;pumped\u0026nbsp;milk in bags that are the same size as what your baby typically drinks in one feeding. If your baby typically drinks 4 ounces, for example, freeze the milk in 4-ounce bags. If you’re not sure\u0026nbsp;about your baby’s consumption\u0026nbsp;or if\u0026nbsp;it\u0026nbsp;varies, freeze a mixture of 2- and 3-ounce bags for\u0026nbsp;flexibility.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","hed":"1 to 2 months before returning to work, master pumping and build a milk stash."},{"hed":"Prepare your supplementation plan if needed.","content":"\u003cp\u003eIf you’re planning \u003ca href=\"https://parenting.nytimes.com/feeding/combination-breast-bottle-feeding\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eto supplement with formula\u003c/a\u003e, prepare your baby by giving them a taste of formula and seeing how they react. Call your pediatrician if you think your baby might be allergic to\u0026nbsp;formula; you may need to try soy-based formula or another kind.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIf you’re supplementing breastmilk with some formula, said\u0026nbsp;Haelle, don’t feel guilty: a baby will still get the benefits of breastmilk. “Just having some breastfeeding along with formula still cuts the risk of SIDS [Sudden Infant Death Syndrome] in half,” said\u0026nbsp;Haelle. “It's not like you have to be exclusively breastfeeding to get that benefit.”\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"1 to 2 weeks before returning to work, do a pumping test run.","content":"\u003cp\u003eMake sure you have pumping-friendly work clothes. You don’t necessarily need\u0026nbsp;specialized nursing clothes, per se: button-down shirts, shirts or dresses with stretchy or crossover necklines, blazers and cardigans are all compatible with pumping. Bring an extra shirt to stash at work in case of milk spills or leakage.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGet a manual breast pump (\u003ca href=\"link\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ethe\u0026nbsp;Wirecutter\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"https://thewirecutter.com/reviews/best-breast-pumps/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003erecommends the\u0026nbsp;Medela\u0026nbsp;Harmony\u003c/a\u003e) and an extra set of pumping parts to leave at work. These are useful in case you forget your electric pump or one of its many small components. Or get an extra electric\u0026nbsp;pump, which are\u0026nbsp;often available on local parents’ Facebook groups or email lists if you don’t\u0026nbsp;want to buy one new,\u0026nbsp;to leave at the office. (There have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/help/community/question/?id=10156232117641091\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ereports\u003c/a\u003e, however, that Facebook has been blocking breast pump and pumping supplies listings on their marketplace communities. To get around this, some parents will simply post photos of their supplies without using the words “breast pump” in their listings.)\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome so-called “closed-system” electric pumps such as the Spectra S1,\u0026nbsp;which often have a barrier between the pumping motor and the expressed milk, are fine to acquire used. But “open-system” pumps, such as the\u0026nbsp;Medela\u0026nbsp;Pump\u0026nbsp;In\u0026nbsp;Style Advanced, are only recommended for one user, because breastmilk can get into the tubing or pump\u0026nbsp;motor and, in theory, contaminate those parts with bacteria.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA few days before your return\u0026nbsp;to work,\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;recommended doing a pumping dress rehearsal at home — especially if you’ll be in a situation that’ll require seemingly acrobatic maneuvers, such as needing to hold a door shut with one hand while pumping with the other. Wear the same clothes you plan on wearing to work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"When you return, follow this sample pumping schedule. ","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 1:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Send baby to their care provider with the thawed milk you prepped ahead of\u0026nbsp;time. Choose an amount\u0026nbsp;of milk\u0026nbsp;based on your baby’s consumption habits and number of hours at care\u0026nbsp;—\u0026nbsp;about\u0026nbsp;15 ounces for nine hours of care\u0026nbsp;is a good starting point if you don’t\u0026nbsp;know how much your baby typically drinks.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePump at\u0026nbsp;work\u0026nbsp;(for 15- to\u0026nbsp;20-minute\u0026nbsp;increments, or until breasts feel drained,\u0026nbsp;about every three hours),\u0026nbsp;refrigerate\u0026nbsp;the milk and bring it home. Ask your care provider how much your baby drank that day.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDay 2:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Send your baby to their care provider with the amount of milk they drank the previous day. This\u0026nbsp;batch\u0026nbsp;will be made up of the milk you pumped on\u0026nbsp;day\u0026nbsp;one, plus any extra thawed milk or formula\u0026nbsp;needed\u0026nbsp;to make up the difference if\u0026nbsp;needed.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePump at work again. If you pumped extra, refrigerate it for use within four days, or freeze it that day.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDays 3 and on:\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Repeat. You may choose to add an extra pumping session (at night, for example) if you’d like to send more milk to day care or if you want to freeze more.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"hed":"Most of all, be kind to yourself.","content":"\u003cp\u003eAdjust your pumping schedule as needed. If waiting\u0026nbsp;three hours between sessions causes your breasts to feel uncomfortably full, pump more often if you can. Be gentle with yourself about how much milk you get.\u0026nbsp;Shortall\u0026nbsp;said her mantra is, “Your worth as a mother is not measured in ounces.”\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}]},"type":"GUIDE","correctedAt":"2019-06-12T18:00:00.000Z","isSensitiveContent":false,"whenToWorry":{"hed":"When to Ask for Help","quickLinkContent":"Here are some signs you may need additional support or medical care.","quickLinkSubhead":"When to ask for help","content":""},"topics":[{"name":"feeding","displayName":"Feeding \u0026 Nutrition","id":"1c44b640-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},{"name":"baby","displayName":"Baby","id":"a513bed0-29a8-11e9-875f-a3eaeb387614"},{"name":"baby-feeding","displayName":"Baby Feeding","id":"1692a7a0-2ee1-11e9-80eb-c7d191551922","parent":{"id":"a513bed0-29a8-11e9-875f-a3eaeb387614","name":"baby","displayName":"Baby"}},{"name":"breastfeeding","displayName":"Breastfeeding","id":"9bc7e0c0-29c3-11e9-8a74-bd570af7e4ec","parent":{"displayName":"Feeding \u0026 Nutrition","id":"1c44b640-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"feeding"}},{"name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},{"displayName":"Work","id":"0a78e530-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","parent":{"name":"work-money","displayName":"Work \u0026 Money","id":"16fcc880-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5"},"name":"work"}],"secondaryMediaScoopId":"100000006487350","promotionalMediaScoopId":"100000006466570","headline":{"default":"How to Keep Pumping When You Return to Work"},"sources":"\u003cp\u003eDr. Katy\u0026nbsp;Kozhimannil,\u0026nbsp;Ph.D, M.P.A., an associate professor of health policy and management at the University of Minnesota, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJessica\u0026nbsp;Shortall, M.B.A., author of \"Work. Pump. Repeat.,\" July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTara\u0026nbsp;Haelle, M.A., health journalist, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeather Bingham, I.B.C.L.C., a lactation consultant at Boston Lactation, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRebecca Costello, M.P.H, I.B.C.L.C., a lactation consultant in Ithaca, N.Y., July 31, 2018\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcare.gov/coverage/breast-feeding-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBreastfeeding Benefits\u003c/a\u003e,” Healthcare.gov, July 31, 2018\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20160317.284725/full/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWorkplace and Public Accommodations for Nursing Mothers\u003c/a\u003e,” Health Affairs, July 31, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049386715001176\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAccess to Workplace Accommodations to\u0026nbsp;Support Breastfeeding after Passage of the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a\u003e,” Women’s Health Issues, January-February 2016.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/whd/nursingmothers/Sec7rFLSA_btnm.htm\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBreak Time for Nursing Mothers\u003c/a\u003e,”\u0026nbsp;United States Department of Labor, July 31, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/whd/FLSAEmployeeCard/BreaktimeNursingMothers.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBreak Time for Nursing Mothers Employee Rights Card,\u003c/a\u003e”\u0026nbsp;United States Department of Labor, July 31, 2018.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/379824\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAssociation of Infant Child Care With Infant Feeding Practices and Weight Gain Among US Infants\u003c/a\u003e,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, July 7, 2008.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16076830\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDuration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight: a meta-analysis\u003c/a\u003e,” American Journal of Epidemiology, September 1, 2005.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e“\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/140/5/e20171324?sso=1\u0026amp;sso_redirect_count=1\u0026amp;nfstatus=401\u0026amp;nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000\u0026amp;nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3A+No+local+token\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDuration of breastfeeding and risk of SIDS\u003c/a\u003e: an individual participant data meta-analysis,” Pediatrics, November 2017.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","updatedAt":"2019-06-14T15:40:50.191Z","hero":"","corrections":"\u003cp\u003eAn earlier version of this article misstated the number of employers who must abide by federal pumping laws. All employers must abide by those laws, not just those with 50 or more employees.\u003c/p\u003e","topic":{"id":"1c44b640-2638-11e9-9af4-9f23fc2448c5","name":"feeding","displayName":"Feeding \u0026 Nutrition"},"ignoreInProgramming":false,"summary":"The best approach is to know your rights, make a plan and communicate transparently with your employer. ","theGist":{"hed":"The Gist","content":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eKnow your rights: Federal law mandates that some, but not all, workers should be allowed a time and a place to pump during the workday. Employers are not required to pay employees for the time they spend pumping, however, and in some cases, the law isn’t enforced at all.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eBefore your leave, understand your workplace’s pumping policies. If you’re the first person to pump there, work out the logistics as much as possible before birth.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eAll insurance plans must cover breast pumps. Around month\u0026nbsp;eight\u0026nbsp;of pregnancy, call your insurance provider\u0026nbsp;to find out how to get one.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA month or two before you go back to work, gather your supplies, including your breast pump, flanges, pump-friendly office wear, an appropriate bra and freezer bags. Start practicing pumping now.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA month or two before returning to work, start building a stash of frozen breastmilk or come up with a formula supplementation plan.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eA week or two before you go back, do a pumping dress rehearsal in work clothes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eWhen you return to work, be gentle with yourself, even if you can’t\u0026nbsp;produce much milk.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"},"author":{"name":"Anna Nowogrodzki","bio":"\u003cp\u003eAnna Nowogrodzki is a journalist and mom in 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