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aria-controls="toc-Yugoslav_foreign_policy_during_the_interwar_period-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Yugoslav foreign policy during the interwar period subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Yugoslav_foreign_policy_during_the_interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cvetković–Maček_Agreement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cvetković–Maček_Agreement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cvetković–Maček Agreement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cvetković–Maček_Agreement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pressure_builds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressure_builds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pressure builds </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressure_builds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yugoslavia_signs_the_Tripartite_Pact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yugoslavia_signs_the_Tripartite_Pact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Yugoslavia signs the Tripartite Pact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yugoslavia_signs_the_Tripartite_Pact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_the_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_the_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Development of the coup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_of_the_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsibility_for_the_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsibility_for_the_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Responsibility for the coup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsibility_for_the_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_new_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_new_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 The new government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_new_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-Aggression_Pact_with_the_USSR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-Aggression_Pact_with_the_USSR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-Aggression_Pact_with_the_USSR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Axis_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Axis_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Axis invasion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Axis_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_historical_evaluation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_historical_evaluation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Legacy and historical evaluation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_historical_evaluation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes and citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals_and_newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals_and_newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Journals and newspapers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals_and_newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Websites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" > 23 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A" title="الانقلاب اليوغوسلافي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانقلاب اليوغوسلافي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="যুগোস্লাভ অভ্যুত্থান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="যুগোস্লাভ অভ্যুত্থান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Преврат в Югославия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Преврат в Югославия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojensk%C3%BD_pu%C4%8D_v_Jugosl%C3%A1vii_27._b%C5%99ezna_1941" title="Vojenský puč v Jugoslávii 27. března 1941 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vojenský puč v Jugoslávii 27. března 1941" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoslawischer_Staatsstreich_1941" title="Jugoslawischer Staatsstreich 1941 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jugoslawischer Staatsstreich 1941" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Γιουγκοσλαβικό πραξικόπημα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιουγκοσλαβικό πραξικόπημα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_en_Yugoslavia_de_1941" title="Golpe de Estado en Yugoslavia de 1941 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golpe de Estado en Yugoslavia de 1941" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="کودتای یوگسلاوی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کودتای یوگسلاوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%89tat_yougoslave_de_1941" title="Coup d'État yougoslave de 1941 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coup d'État yougoslave de 1941" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_udar_u_Kraljevini_Jugoslaviji" title="Državni udar u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Državni udar u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colpo_di_Stato_in_Jugoslavia_del_1941" title="Colpo di Stato in Jugoslavia del 1941 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Colpo di Stato in Jugoslavia del 1941" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dienvidsl%C4%81vijas_apv%C4%93rsums" title="Dienvidslāvijas apvērsums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dienvidslāvijas apvērsums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugoszl%C3%A1v_katonai_puccs_(1941)" title="Jugoszláv katonai puccs (1941) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jugoszláv katonai puccs (1941)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampasan_kuasa_Yugoslavia" title="Rampasan kuasa Yugoslavia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rampasan kuasa Yugoslavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%87_%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%90_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="په یوګوسولاویا کې کودتا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="په یوګوسولاویا کې کودتا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_na_Iugosl%C3%A1via_em_1941" title="Golpe de Estado na Iugoslávia em 1941 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golpe de Estado na Iugoslávia em 1941" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovitura_de_stat_din_Iugoslavia_(1941)" title="Lovitura de stat din Iugoslavia (1941) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lovitura de stat din Iugoslavia (1941)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B2_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B8_(1941)" title="Государственный переворот в Югославии (1941) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственный переворот в Югославии (1941)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%87" title="Мартовски пуч – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мартовски пуч" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojni_pu%C4%8D_27._marta_1941." title="Vojni puč 27. marta 1941. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vojni puč 27. marta 1941." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavya_darbesi" title="Yugoslavya darbesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yugoslavya darbesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%97_(1941)" title="Переворот у Югославії (1941) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Переворот у Югославії (1941)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%98" title="南斯拉夫政变 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南斯拉夫政变" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1941 deposition of Regent Prince Paul; installation of King Peter II</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the royalist coup d'état of 1929, see <a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Yugoslav coup d'état</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><a href="/wiki/File:DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a black and white photograph of two older men alongside a young man in uniform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg/300px-DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg/450px-DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg/600px-DusanSImovicPedroIIDeYugoslaviaYKnezevicEnLondres21061941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="596" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II of Yugoslavia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radoje_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Radoje Knežević">Radoje Knežević</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, June 1941. Peter II was declared of age and placed on the throne as a result of the coup.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">27 March 1941</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;">Coup successful <ul><li>Removal of Regent <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Prince Paul</a> and his government</li> <li>Installation of national unity government under the minor King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a> and headed by General <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a></li> <li>Provocation of the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">1 (accidental)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967-1">[1]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Invasion of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Invasion of Yugoslavia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yugoslav coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">Operation Retribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia_order_of_battle:_Yugoslav" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia order of battle: Yugoslav">Yugoslav order of battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia_order_of_battle:_Axis" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia order of battle: Axis">Axis order of battle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Yugoslav coup d'état took place on 27 March 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Regency" class="mw-redirect" title="Regency">regency</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Prince Paul of Yugoslavia</a> was overthrown and King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter II</a> fully assumed monarchical powers. The coup was planned and conducted by a group of pro-Western <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> officers formally led by the Air Force commander, General <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a>, who had been associated with several putsch plots from 1938 onwards. Brigadier General of Military Aviation <a href="/wiki/Borivoje_Mirkovi%C4%87" title="Borivoje Mirković">Borivoje Mirković</a>, Major <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivan_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Živan Knežević">Živan Knežević</a> of the Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Royal_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Guard">Royal Guards</a>, and his brother <a href="/wiki/Radoje_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Radoje Knežević">Radoje Knežević</a> were the main organisers in the overthrow of the government. In addition to Radoje Knežević, some other civilian leaders were probably aware of the takeover before it was launched and moved to support it once it occurred, but they were not among the organisers. Peter II himself was surprised by the coup, and heard of the declaration of his coming-of-age for the first time on the radio. The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a> played no part in the coup, although it made a significant contribution to the mass street-protests in many cities that signalled popular support for it once it had occurred. The putsch was successful and deposed the three-member <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">Yugoslav regency</a> (Prince Paul, <a href="/wiki/Radenko_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Radenko Stanković">Radenko Stanković</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Perovi%C4%87" title="Ivo Perović">Ivo Perović</a>) and the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dragi%C5%A1a_Cvetkovi%C4%87" title="Dragiša Cvetković">Dragiša Cvetković</a>. Two days prior to its ousting, the Cvetković government had signed the Vienna Protocol on the Accession of Yugoslavia to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a> (Axis). The coup had been planned for several months, but the signing of the Tripartite Pact spurred the organisers to carry it out, encouraged by the British <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a>. The military conspirators brought to power the 17-year-old King Peter II (whom they declared to be of-age to assume the throne) and formed a weak and divided <a href="/wiki/National_unity_government" title="National unity government">national unity government</a> with Simović as prime minister and <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a> as his vice-premiers. The coup led directly to the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a>-led Axis <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invasion of Yugoslavia</a> in April 1941. The importance of the putsch and subsequent invasion in delaying <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, the Axis invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (which started on 22 June 1941), is still open to debate. In 1972 military historian <a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Martin van Creveld</a> dismissed the idea, affirming that the invasion of Yugoslavia actually assisted and hastened the overall <a href="/wiki/Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Balkans campaign (World War II)">Balkan campaign</a>, and that other factors determined the start date for Operation Barbarossa. On the other hand, findings published in 2013 have led to assertions that the invasion of Yugoslavia did somewhat contribute to a delay in the launching of Operation Barbarossa. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>, formed in 1918 under the name Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, incorporated diverse national and religious groups with varied historical backgrounds. These included <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins" title="Montenegrins">Montenegrins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnian Muslims">Bosnian Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_(ethnic_group)" title="Macedonians (ethnic group)">Macedonians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a>, among others. Each of these national groups was strongly associated with one of the three dominant religions: the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> (Serbs, Montenegrins and Macedonians); the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (Croats and Slovenes); and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (Bosnian Muslims and Albanians). The religious diversity deepened the divisions within Yugoslav society. Serbs and Montenegrins made up 38.8 per cent of the population, Croats contributed 23.9 per cent, Slovenes 8.5 per cent, Bosnian Muslims 6.3 per cent, Macedonians 5.3 per cent, and Albanians 4 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200645-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62-3">[3]</a> According to economics professor and historian <a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Jozo Tomasevich</a>, Yugoslavia was politically weak from the moment of its creation and remained so during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a> mainly due to a "rigid system of centralism" imposed by the Serbian-friendly <a href="/wiki/Vidovdan_Constitution" title="Vidovdan Constitution">Vidovdan Constitution</a>, the aforementioned strong association between each national group and its dominant religion, and uneven economic development. In particular, the religious primacy of the Serbian Orthodox Church in national affairs and discrimination against Catholics and Muslims compounded the dissatisfaction of the non-Serbian population with the Serbian-dominated ruling groups that controlled patronage and government appointments, and treated non-Serbs as second-class citizens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196910–11,_60–62-4">[4]</a> This centralised system arose from Serbian military strength and Croatian intransigence, and was sustained by Croatian disengagement, Serbian overrepresentation, corruption, and a lack of discipline within political parties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner19637-5">[5]</a> This state of affairs was initially maintained by subverting the democratic system of government through political bribery. The domination of the rest of Yugoslavia by Serbian ruling elites meant that the country was never consolidated in the political sense, and was therefore never able to address the social and economic challenges it faced.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961-6">[6]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political scientist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Sabrina P. Ramet</a> sees the dysfunctionality and lack of legitimacy of the regime as the reasons why the kingdom's internal politics became ethnically polarised, a phenomenon that has been referred to as the "national question" in Yugoslavia. Failures to establish the rule of law, to protect individual rights, to build tolerance and equality, and to guarantee the neutrality of the state in matters relating to religion, language and culture contributed to this illegitimacy and the resulting instability.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200676-7">[7]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a coloured map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg/220px-Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg/330px-Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg/440px-Banovinas_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia_1929%E2%80%931939.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="1057" /></a><figcaption>Banovina created by King Alexander in 1929</figcaption></figure> In 1929, democracy was abandoned and a <a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">royal dictatorship</a> was established by King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">Alexander</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961-6">[6]</a> who attempted to break down the ethnic divisions in the country through various means, including creating <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia#Banovinas_(1929–1941)" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">administrative divisions</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Serbo-Croatian Latin</a>: banovine) based on rivers rather than traditional regions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80-8">[8]</a> There was significant opposition to this move, with Serbian and Slovene opposition parties and figures advocating the division of Yugoslavia into six ethnically based administrative units. By 1933, discontent in the largely Croatian-populated <a href="/wiki/Sava_Banovina" title="Sava Banovina">Sava Banovina</a> had developed into full-blown civil disorder, which the regime countered with a series of assassinations, attempted assassinations and arrests of key Croatian opposition figures including the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Hrvatska seljačka stranka, HSS) <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200687-9">[9]</a> When Alexander was assassinated in <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a> in 1934 by a <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Chernozemski" title="Vlado Chernozemski">Bulgarian assassin</a> with links to the Croatian ultranationalists, the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a>, his cousin <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Prince Paul</a> headed <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_regency" title="Yugoslav regency">a triumvirate regency</a> whose other members were the senator <a href="/wiki/Radenko_Stankovi%C4%87" title="Radenko Stanković">Radenko Stanković</a> and the governor of the Sava Banovina, <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Perovi%C4%87" title="Ivo Perović">Ivo Perović</a>. The regency ruled on behalf of Alexander's 11-year-old son, King <a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Yugoslavia" title="Peter II of Yugoslavia">Peter</a>, but the important member of the regency was Prince Paul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399-10">[10]</a> Although Prince Paul was more liberal than his cousin, the dictatorship continued uninterrupted.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–63-11">[11]</a> The dictatorship had allowed the country to follow a consistent foreign policy, but Yugoslavia needed peace at home in order to assure peace with its neighbours, all of whom had <a href="/wiki/Irredentist" class="mw-redirect" title="Irredentist">irredentist</a> designs on its territory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner19639-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yugoslav_foreign_policy_during_the_interwar_period">Yugoslav foreign policy during the interwar period</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Yugoslav foreign policy during the interwar period">edit</a>]</div> From 1921, the country had negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Little_Entente" title="Little Entente">Little Entente</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">Czechoslovakia</a> in the face of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungarian</a> designs on its territory, and after a decade of bilateral treaties, had formalised the arrangements in 1933. This had been followed the next year by the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact" title="Balkan Pact">Balkan Pact</a> of Yugoslavia, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece" title="Kingdom of Greece">Greece</a>, Romania and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, aimed at thwarting <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> aspirations. Throughout this period, the Yugoslav government had sought to remain good friends with <a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">France</a>, seeing her as a guarantor of European peace treaties. This was formalised through a treaty of friendship signed in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner196310–12-13">[13]</a> With these arrangements in place, <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Italy</a> posed the biggest problem for Yugoslavia, funding the anti-Yugoslav <a href="/wiki/Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation">Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation</a> which promoted Bulgarian irredentism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner196314-14">[14]</a> Attempts by King Alexander to negotiate with <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> fell on deaf ears, and after Alexander's assassination, nothing of note happened on that front until 1937.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner196319–20-15">[15]</a> In the aftermath of Alexander's assassination, Yugoslavia was isolated both militarily and diplomatically, and reached out to France to assist its bilateral relationship with Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner196328-16">[16]</a> With the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Milan_Stojadinovi%C4%87" title="Milan Stojadinović">Milan Stojadinović</a> as prime minister in 1935, Germany and Yugoslavia became more closely aligned. The trade relationship between the two countries also developed considerably, and Germany became Yugoslavia's most important trading partner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200147-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cvetković–Maček_Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cvetković–Maček Agreement">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a></div> Prince Paul recognised the lack of national solidarity and political weakness of his country, and after he assumed power he made repeated attempts to negotiate a political settlement with Maček, the leader of the dominant Croatian political party in Yugoslavia, the HSS. In January 1937, Stojadinović met with Maček at Prince Paul's request, but Stojadinović was unwilling or unable to grapple with the issue of Croatian dissatisfaction with a Yugoslavia dominated by the Serbian ruling class.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197522–23-18">[18]</a> In 1938, the <a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a> brought the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Third Reich</a> to the borders of Yugoslavia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19877-19">[19]</a> and early elections were held in December. In this background, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Royal Yugoslav Air Force">Royal Yugoslav Air Force</a> (VVKJ) commander, General <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a>, had been involved in two coup plots in early 1938 driven by Serbian opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordat</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a>, and another coup plot following the December election.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537-20">[20]</a> In the December <a href="/wiki/1938_Yugoslavian_parliamentary_election" title="1938 Yugoslavian parliamentary election">1938 Yugoslavian parliamentary election</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Opposition_(Yugoslavia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Opposition (Yugoslavia) (page does not exist)">United Opposition</a> led by Maček had attracted 44.9 per cent of the vote,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200140-21">[21]</a> but due to the electoral rules by which the government parties received 40 per cent of the seats in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Yugoslavia">National Assembly</a> before votes were counted, the opposition vote only translated into 67 seats out of a total of 373.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006104-22">[22]</a> On 3 February 1939, the Minister of Education, <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Kujund%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Kujundžić">Bogoljub Kujundžić</a>, made a nationalist speech in the Assembly in which he stated that "Serb policies will always be the policies of this house and this government."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006105-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalcolm1994171-24">[24]</a> Head of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Muslim_Organization" title="Yugoslav Muslim Organization">Yugoslav Muslim Organization</a> (JMO) <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_Spaho" title="Mehmed Spaho">Mehmed Spaho</a> asked Stojadinović to disavow the statement, but he did not. At the behest of the Senate leader, the Slovene <a href="/wiki/Anton_Koro%C5%A1ec" title="Anton Korošec">Anton Korošec</a>, that evening five ministers resigned from the government, including Korošec. The others were Spaho, another JMO politician <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEafer_Kulenovi%C4%87" title="Džafer Kulenović">Džafer Kulenović</a>, the Slovene <a href="/wiki/Franc_Snoj" title="Franc Snoj">Franc Snoj</a>, and the Serb <a href="/wiki/Dragi%C5%A1a_Cvetkovi%C4%87" title="Dragiša Cvetković">Dragiša Cvetković</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton1985170-25">[25]</a> Stojadinović sought authority from Prince Paul to form a new cabinet, but Korošec as head of the Senate advised the prince to form a new government under Cvetković. Prince Paul dismissed Stojadinović and appointed Cvetković in his place, with a direction that he reach an agreement with Maček.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197523-26">[26]</a> While these negotiations were ongoing, <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italy invaded Albania</a>, Yugoslavia's southern neighbour. In August 1939, the <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a> was concluded to create the <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a>, which was to be a relatively autonomous political unit within Yugoslavia. Separatist Croats considered the Agreement did not go far enough, and many Serbs believed it went too far in giving power to Croats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197524-27">[27]</a> The Cvetković-led cabinet formed in the wake of the Agreement was resolutely anti-Axis,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200535-28">[28]</a> but remained on friendly terms with Germany,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200147-17">[17]</a> and included five members of the HSS, with Maček as deputy Prime Minister. <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87" title="Milan Nedić">Milan Nedić</a> was <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Yugoslavia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Yugoslavia)">Minister of the Army and Navy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet2006106–107-29">[29]</a> After the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in September 1939, German pressure on the government resulted in the resignation in mid-1940 of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Yugoslavia)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Yugoslavia)">Minister of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanoje_Mihald%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Stanoje Mihaldžić">Stanoje Mihaldžić</a>, who had been organising covert anti-Axis activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200535-28">[28]</a> In October 1940, Simović was again approached by plotters planning a coup but he was non-committal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow200537-20">[20]</a> From the outbreak of war British diplomacy focused on keeping Yugoslavia neutral, which the Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ian_Campbell" title="Ronald Ian Campbell">Ronald Ian Campbell</a> apparently still believed possible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200536-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pressure_builds">Pressure builds</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pressure builds">edit</a>]</div> By the time of the German <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> and subsequent outbreak of war in September 1939, the Yugoslav Intelligence Service was cooperating with British intelligence agencies on a large scale across the country. This cooperation, which had existed to a lesser extent during the early 1930s, intensified after the Anschluss. These combined intelligence operations were aimed at strengthening Yugoslavia and keeping her neutral while encouraging covert activities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200533-31">[31]</a> In mid to late 1940, British intelligence became aware of coup plotting, but managed to side-track the plans, preferring to continue working through Prince Paul.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHehn2005368–369-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> (SOE) office in Belgrade went to significant lengths to support the opposition to the anti-Axis Cvetković government, which undermined the hard-won balance in Yugoslav politics that that government represented. SOE Belgrade was entangled with pro-Serbian policies and interests, and disregarded or underestimated warnings from SOE and British diplomats in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, who better understood the situation in Yugoslavia as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200538-33">[33]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="black and white photograph of a man in military uniform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg/220px-Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg/330px-Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg/440px-Milan_Nedi%C4%87_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Minister of the Army and Navy <a href="/wiki/Milan_Nedi%C4%87" title="Milan Nedić">Milan Nedić</a> was fired by <a href="/wiki/Prince_regent" title="Prince regent">prince regent</a> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Paul_of_Yugoslavia" title="Prince Paul of Yugoslavia">Paul</a> in November 1940 for advocating that Yugoslavia join the Axis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001179-34">[34]</a></figcaption></figure> Yugoslavia's situation worsened in October 1940 when <a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War#Italian_offensive_(28_October_–_13_November_1940)" title="Greco-Italian War">Italy invaded Greece</a> from <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1939–1943)">Albania</a>, and the initial failure of the Italians to make headway only increased Yugoslav apprehension that Germany would be forced to help Italy. In September and November 1940 respectively, Germany forced Hungary and Romania to accede to the <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7-35">[35]</a> In early November 1940, following the Italian invasion of Greece, Nedić, stated in a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum" title="Memorandum">memorandum</a> to Prince Paul and the government, that he believed that Yugoslavia was about to be fully encircled by enemy countries and that ultimately Germany would win the war. Nedić proposed to the government that it abandon its neutral stance and join the Axis as soon as possible in the thinking that joining the Axis would protect Yugoslavia against its "greedy neighbors".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530-36">[36]</a> A few days later Prince Paul, having realised the impossibility of following Nedić's advice, replaced him with the ageing and compliant General <a href="/wiki/Petar_Pe%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Petar Pešić">Petar Pešić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531-37">[37]</a> At the same time, Hitler, recalling Serbia's excellent military performance in the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, was concerned that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> was strong, and defeating it would necessitate the expenditure of considerable effort. Despite this, he remained concerned about the threat to the southern flank of his planned <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">invasion of the Soviet Union</a> posed by Greece and Yugoslavia, and aimed for a political resolution of Yugoslavia's status.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200147-17">[17]</a> On 12 December 1940, at the initiative of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Hungary" title="Prime Minister of Hungary">Prime Minister of Hungary</a>, Count <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Teleki" title="Pál Teleki">Pál Teleki</a>, Hungary concluded a friendship and non-aggression treaty with Yugoslavia. Although the concept had received support from both Germany and Italy, the actual signing of the treaty did not. Germany's planned invasion of Greece would be simplified if Yugoslavia could be neutralised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171-38">[38]</a> Over the next few months, Prince Paul and his ministers laboured under overwhelming diplomatic pressure, a threat of an attack by the Germans from Bulgarian territory, and the unwillingness of the British to promise practical military support.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752-39">[39]</a> Six months prior to the coup, British policy towards the government of Yugoslavia had shifted from acceptance of Yugoslav neutrality to pressuring the country for support in the war against Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401-40">[40]</a> On 23 January 1941, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Donovan" title="William J. Donovan">William J. Donovan</a>, a special emissary of US President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, visited Belgrade and issued an ultimatum, saying that if Yugoslavia permitted German troop passage then the US would not "interfere on her behalf" at peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-41">[41]</a> Around the same time, suspicious of Prince Paul's actions, the British Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, ordered British intelligence services to establish contacts with anti-regime groups in Belgrade.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014120-42">[42]</a> On 14 February, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> met with Cvetković and his foreign minister and requested Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact. He pushed for the demobilisation of the Royal Yugoslav Army—there had been a partial "reactivation" (a euphemism for mobilisation) in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and parts of Serbia, probably directed at the Italians.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57-43">[43]</a> Hitler also pressed the Yugoslavs to permit the transportation of German supplies through Yugoslavia's territory, along with greater economic cooperation. In exchange he offered a port near the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> and territorial security.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367-44">[44]</a> On 17 February, Bulgaria and Turkey signed an agreement of friendship and non-aggression, which effectively destroyed attempts to create a neutral Balkan bloc. Prince Paul denounced the agreement and the Bulgarians, describing their actions as "perfidy".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> On 18 and 23 February, Prince Paul told the US Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bliss_Lane" title="Arthur Bliss Lane">Arthur Bliss Lane</a> that Yugoslavia would not engage the German military if they entered Bulgaria. He explained that to do so would be wrongful and that it would not be understood by the Slovenes and Croats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-41">[41]</a> On 1 March, Yugoslavia was further isolated when Bulgaria signed the Pact and the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German Army</a> arrived at the Bulgarian-Yugoslav border.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> On 4 March, Prince Paul secretly met with Hitler in <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a> and was again pressured to sign the Pact. Hitler did not request troop passage through Yugoslavia and offered the Greek city of <a href="/wiki/Salonika" class="mw-redirect" title="Salonika">Salonika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> A time limit for Prince Paul, who was uncommitted and "wavering", was not set. Prince Paul, in the middle of a cabinet crisis, offered a <a href="/wiki/Nonaggression_pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonaggression pact">nonaggression pact</a> and a declaration of friendship, but Hitler insisted on his proposals.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> Prince Paul warned that "I fear that if I follow your advice and sign the Tripartite Pact I shall no longer be here in six months."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-41">[41]</a> On 8 March, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Halder" title="Franz Halder">Franz Halder</a>, the German Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Oberkommando_des_Heeres" title="Oberkommando des Heeres">Army General Staff</a>, expressed his expectation that the Yugoslavs would sign if German troops did not cross their border.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> During March, secret treaty negotiations commenced in Moscow between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, represented respectively by the Yugoslav ambassador, <a href="/wiki/Milan_Gavrilovi%C4%87" title="Milan Gavrilović">Milan Gavrilović</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Soviet_Union)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union)">Soviet People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Molotov" title="Vyacheslav Molotov">Vyacheslav Molotov</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedvedev_&_Medvedev_19_October_2014-46">[46]</a> According to General <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov" title="Pavel Sudoplatov">Pavel Sudoplatov</a>, who was at the time the deputy chief of special operations for the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, the Soviet internal affairs ministry, Gavrilović was a fully recruited Soviet agent,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedvedev_&_Medvedev_19_October_2014-46">[46]</a> but Sudoplatov states that they knew that Gavrilović also had ties with the British.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudoplatov1994119-47">[47]</a> The Yugoslavs initially sought a military alliance, but this was rejected by the Soviet side, as they were already bound by the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> which guaranteed <a href="/wiki/Non-belligerent" title="Non-belligerent">non-belligerence</a> with Germany.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReshetnikov1992110–123-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlijepčević197827-49">[49]</a> On 17 March, Prince Paul returned to Berchtesgaden and was told by Hitler that it was his last chance for Yugoslavia to join the Pact, renouncing this time the request for the use of Yugoslav railways in order to facilitate their accession.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> Two days later, Prince Paul convened a Crown Council to discuss the terms of the Pact and whether Yugoslavia should sign it.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977402-50">[50]</a> The council's members were willing to agree, but only under the condition that Germany let its concessions be made public. Germany agreed and the Council approved the terms. Three cabinet ministers resigned on 20 March in protest of the impending signing of the Pact.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> These were the Minister of the Interior, <a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%91an_Budisavljevi%C4%87" title="Srđan Budisavljević">Srđan Budisavljević</a>; the Minister of Agriculture, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Branko_%C4%8Cubrilovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Branko Čubrilović (page does not exist)">Branko Čubrilović</a>; and the Minister without Portfolio, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mihailo_Konstantinovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mihailo Konstantinović (page does not exist)">Mihailo Konstantinović</a>. The British were friendly with Budisavljević, and his resignation at British urging precipitated the resignations of the other two.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197539-51">[51]</a> The Germans reacted by imposing an ultimatum to accept by midnight 23 March or forfeit any further chances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368–369-52">[52]</a> Prince Paul and Cvetković obliged and accepted, despite believing German promises were "worthless".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369-53">[53]</a> On 23 March, Germany's guarantee of Yugoslavia's territorial security and its promise not to use its railroads were publicised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">[45]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cadogan" title="Alexander Cadogan">Alexander Cadogan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Under-Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_Affairs" title="Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs">Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs</a>, penned in his diary that the "Yugoslavs seem to have sold their souls to the Devil. All these Balkan peoples are trash."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977403-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yugoslavia_signs_the_Tripartite_Pact">Yugoslavia signs the Tripartite Pact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Yugoslavia signs the Tripartite Pact">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_accession_to_the_Tripartite_Pact" title="Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact">Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact</a></div> On 25 March, the pact was signed at the <a href="/wiki/Belvedere,_Vienna" title="Belvedere, Vienna">Belvedere, Vienna</a>. An official banquet was held which Hitler complained felt like a funeral party. German radio later announced that "the Axis Powers would not demand the right of passage of troops or war materials," while the official document mentioned only troops and omitted mention of war materials. Likewise the pledge to give Salonika to Yugoslavia does not appear on the document.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960369-53">[53]</a> In Athens, <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> planners were dismayed by the Yugoslav signing of the Pact, as it represented a "worst case scenario" for the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Greece">defence of Greece</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013126-55">[55]</a> On the following day, Serbian demonstrators gathered on the streets of Belgrade shouting "Better the grave than a slave, better a war than the pact" (Serbo-Croatian Latin: Bolje grob nego rob, Bolje rat nego pakt).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERametLazić201118-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_the_coup">Development of the coup</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Development of the coup">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg/220px-PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg/330px-PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg/440px-PedroIIDeYugoslavia8e00867v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="887" /></a><figcaption>Peter II, 17 years old at the time of coup, was declared to be of age.</figcaption></figure> The coup was executed at 2:15 am on 27 March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERametLazić201118-56">[56]</a> It was planned by a group of VVKJ officers in <a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemun</a>, and Royal Guard officers in nearby Belgrade. The only senior officers involved were from the air force.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197543-57">[57]</a> Under the supervision of the VVKJ deputy commander <a href="/wiki/Borivoje_Mirkovi%C4%87" title="Borivoje Mirković">Borivoje Mirković</a>, headquartered at the VVKJ base at Zemun, officers assumed control of critical buildings and locations in the early hours of 27 March, including:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197546-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014122-59">[59]</a> <ul><li>the Zemun VVKJ base (Colonel Dragutin Savić)</li> <li>the bridges over the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> between Zemun and Belgrade (Colonel Dragutin Dimić)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Town_Hall_Building" title="Belgrade Town Hall Building">Belgrade Town Hall Building</a>, Police Directorate and the <a href="/wiki/Radio_Belgrade" title="Radio Belgrade">Belgrade radio</a> station (Colonel Stjepan Burazović)</li> <li>the ministries and headquarters of the General Staff (Major <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivan_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Živan Knežević">Živan Knežević</a>)</li> <li>the Royal Court (Colonel Stojan Zdravković)</li> <li>the main post office in Belgrade (Lieutenant Colonel Miodrag Lozić)</li> <li>the barracks of the Royal Guards and Automotive Command</li></ul> An inspector of post, telegraph and telephone assisted Mirković by cutting off communications between Belgrade and the rest of the country. Tanks and artillery were deployed on all the main streets of Belgrade, and by 2:00 pm all strategic locations were in the hands of troops loyal to the coup leaders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014122–123-60">[60]</a> At the time of the coup, Prince Paul was in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> en route to a planned holiday in <a href="/wiki/Brdo_Castle_near_Kranj" title="Brdo Castle near Kranj">Brdo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner1997138-61">[61]</a> On the morning of 27 March, Deputy Prime Minister Maček was informed of the coup and met Prince Paul at <a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Central_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagreb Central Station">Zagreb Central Station</a> to discuss the situation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner1997139-62">[62]</a> A meeting was then held at the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C5%A0uba%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Ivan Šubašić">Ivan Šubašić</a>, which included Šubašić, Prince Paul, Maček and the army commander in Zagreb, <a href="/wiki/August_Mari%C4%87" title="August Marić">August Marić</a>. Maček urged Prince Paul to oppose the putsch and Marić pledged the support of the Croatian units of the army. Maček suggested that Prince Paul stay in Zagreb, with the possibility of mobilising army units in the Banovina of Croatia in his support. Prince Paul declined this offer, at least partially because his wife, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Olga_of_Greece_and_Denmark" title="Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark">Princess Olga</a>, and children remained in Belgrade. Accompanied by Šubašić, he reached the capital by train that evening and was met by Simović, who took him to the war ministry where he and the other two regents relinquished power, immediately abolishing the regency.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014123–124-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner1997139-62">[62]</a> Having already made arrangements with the British consul in Zagreb, Prince Paul and his family left that evening for Greece, after which they travelled to <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Colony" title="Kenya Colony">Kenya</a>, spending time at <a href="/wiki/Oserian" title="Oserian">Oserian</a> and then exile in <a href="/wiki/Union_of_South_Africa" title="Union of South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014124-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547-65">[65]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg/290px-Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg/435px-Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg/580px-Demonstracije_u_Beogradu_27._marta_1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1016" data-file-height="751" /></a><figcaption>Demonstrations in Belgrade on 27 March</figcaption></figure> On the morning of 27 March, the royal palace was surrounded and the coup's advocates issued a radio message that impersonated the voice of King Peter with a "proclamation to the people",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547-65">[65]</a> calling on them to support the King.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973142-66">[66]</a> Peter was surprised by the coup, and heard of his coming of age for the first time on the radio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014123-67">[67]</a> Pamphlets with the proclamation of the coup were subsequently dropped into cities from aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDizdar2007587-68">[68]</a> Demonstrations followed in Belgrade and other large Yugoslav cities that continued for the next few days, including in <a href="/wiki/Cetinje" title="Cetinje">Cetinje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a>. The crowds at these demonstrations shouted slogans in support of the United Kingdom,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014125-69">[69]</a> and also frequently used the slogan that had been used by demonstrators the day before the coup, "Better the war than the pact, better the grave than a slave".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2003268-70">[70]</a> Members of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">Communist Party of Yugoslavia</a>, which had been outlawed since 1920, also took part in pro-putsch rallies all over the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetranović1992190-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> declared that "Yugoslavia has found its soul,"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner1997139-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547-65">[65]</a> and he even considered that a Balkan front could be established with Turkish help. The news resulted in Greek attempts to change their defence plans, and the Greeks also pressed the Yugoslavs to attack the Italians in Albania.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013128–129-72">[72]</a> The Polish and Czechoslovakian governments-in-exile both praised the coup, and news of it was received in Greece with "wild enthusiasm".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Examiner''_29_March_1941-73">[73]</a> According to the memoirs of the Serbian Orthodox Patriarch, <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavrilo V">Gavrilo V</a>, the putsch was immediately welcomed by the senior clergy of the church, as the Holy Assembly of Bishops convened on 27 March in response to the coup. Patriarch Gavrilo also spoke publicly in support of the King and the new regime over the radio.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomanić2001187-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDožić1974399,_401–411-75">[75]</a> King Peter II was inaugurated in the presence of Patriarch Gavrilo on 28 March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014125-69">[69]</a> For other nations in Yugoslavia, the prospect of war and the government's close ties to the Serbian Orthodox Church was not at all appealing. Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a>, president of the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Conference_of_Yugoslavia" title="Episcopal Conference of Yugoslavia">Episcopal Conference of Yugoslavia</a>, bitterly wrote in his diary that, "All in all, Croats and Serbs are of two worlds... that will never move closer to one another without an act of God". He also wrote, "The Schism [Orthodoxy] is the greatest curse in Europe, almost greater than Protestantism. There is no morality, no principle, there is no truth, no justice, no honesty [in Orthodoxy]." On the same day, he publicly called on the Catholic clergy to pray for King Peter and that Croatia and Yugoslavia would be spared a war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiondich200741-76">[76]</a> The coup resulted in only one death, which was accidental.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Responsibility_for_the_coup">Responsibility for the coup</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Responsibility for the coup">edit</a>]</div> There are contradictory claims as to who was the leader of the coup, coming from Simović, Mirković, and Živan Knežević. Mirković claimed sole credit immediately after the coup and stated on its tenth anniversary that: "Only after I had informed General [Simović] about my idea and he had accepted it did I make the decision to undertake the planned revolt. I made the decision myself, and I also carried out the whole organization. I made the decision as to when the revolt would take place." It is likely that he had been a planning a coup since 1937 when an <a href="/wiki/Italy-Yugoslavia_relations#Later_years" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy-Yugoslavia relations">Italo-Yugoslav pact</a> was signed. King Peter later credited simply the "younger and middle ranks [of officers] of the Yugoslav army" for the coup in a speech on 17 December 1941.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197544–45-77">[77]</a> In 1951, Mirković stated that he had been considering a putsch since 1938, and had discussed the idea quite openly with a significant number of generals, including Milan Nedić. He went on to say that he had offered the lead role in the post-coup government to a number of prominent people, including: Milan Nedić; the governor of the <a href="/wiki/Morava_Banovina" title="Morava Banovina">Morava Banovina</a>, Janićije Krasojević; the commander of the Royal Guard, <a href="/wiki/Major_general" title="Major general">General</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandar_Stankovi%C4%87_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandar Stanković (general) (page does not exist)">Aleksandar Stanković</a>; General <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ili%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Ilić">Bogoljub Ilić</a>; and Simović. Nedić and Krasojević refused as they felt they could not take an active part due to their positions, Stanković promised not to use the Royal Guard against the people and to keep his knowledge of the plot secret, Ilić did not think he had the political influence to perform the role, and Simović agreed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014121–122-78">[78]</a> Simović's response to Mirković's claims was published posthumously. Simović claimed that he "stood in the center of the whole undertaking" and "personally engaged his assistant Brigadier General Bora Mirković for the action". Tomasevich considers Mirković's account to be the more credible of the two, and points out it is corroborated from several sources, both Allied and Axis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197544–45-77">[77]</a> The matter would play a role in the factionalism that would divide the soon-to-be <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_government-in-exile" title="Yugoslav government-in-exile">Yugoslav government-in-exile</a> during the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197544-79">[79]</a> According to former British diplomat and Emeritus Professor of History, Classics, and Archaeology of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> <a href="/wiki/David_A._T._Stafford" title="David A. T. Stafford">David A. T. Stafford</a>, writing in 1977, although supported with British intelligence and encouragement, the "[i]nitiative came from the Yugoslavs, and only by a stretch of the imagination can the British be said to have planned or directed the coup d'etat."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977419-80">[80]</a> Radoje Knežević vehemently denied any British involvement at all in a series of published letters between himself and Stafford, until in 1979, Stafford apologised for his error and for any offence caused to Radoje Knežević.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014119–120-81">[81]</a> In 1999, Ivo Tasovac criticised Stafford's revised conclusion, pointing to evidence that the plotters were dependent on British intelligence, and that senior British officials met with both Simović and Mirković immediately before the coup was carried out. The British <a href="/wiki/Air_attach%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Air attaché">air attaché</a> <a href="/wiki/Group_Captain" class="mw-redirect" title="Group Captain">Group Captain</a> A. H. H. McDonald met with Simović on 26 March,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETasovac1999118-82">[82]</a> and the assistant air attaché and British intelligence agent T. G. Mappleback met with his close friend Mirković on the same day and told him that the coup had to be carried out within the next 48 hours.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETasovac1999129_&_214-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197545-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014121-85">[85]</a> According to the historian Marta Iaremko, writing in 2014, "the vast majority of researchers" consider that the putsch was planned with the assistance of the British intelligence services, but that this, and their encouragement of the revolt, were not sufficient to ensure it was carried out.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014120-42">[42]</a> According to Sudoplatov, the coup was actively supported by Soviet military intelligence (<a href="/wiki/GRU_(Soviet_Union)" title="GRU (Soviet Union)">GRU</a>) and the NKVD, following the Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>′s instructions, with a view to strengthening the USSR's strategic position in the Balkans.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudoplatov1994118–119-86">[86]</a> A group of Soviet intelligence officers that included Major General <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Milshtein" title="Solomon Milshtein">Solomon Milshtein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Zarubin" title="Vasily Zarubin">Vasily Zarubin</a> was sent to Belgrade to assist in the coup.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudoplatov1994119-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedvedev_&_Medvedev_19_October_2014-46">[46]</a> The activities of the USSR in Yugoslavia had been boosted by the establishment of a Soviet mission in Belgrade in 1940; the Soviet Union had been developing its intelligence network through left-wing journalists and academics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade" title="University of Belgrade">University of Belgrade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow200528–29-87">[87]</a> The German embassy in Belgrade was certain that the coup had been organised by British and Soviet intelligence agencies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedvedev_&_Medvedev_19_October_2014-46">[46]</a> Individuals that were probably aware of the coup included <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cultural_Club" title="Serbian Cultural Club">Serbian Cultural Club</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ilija_Trifunovi%C4%87-Bir%C4%8Danin" title="Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin">Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin</a>, president of Serbian nationalist organisation <a href="/wiki/Narodna_Odbrana" title="Narodna Odbrana">Narodna Odbrana</a> (National Defence).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967-1">[1]</a> Some of those urging a coup or at least aware that a coup was planned had previously been involved with secretive <a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(Serbia)" title="Black Hand (Serbia)">Black Handers</a>, including Božin Simić.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBakić2005231-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPapasissis1960Chapter_5-89">[89]</a> Mirković himself had been a student of the leading Black Hand operative, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Dragutin_Dimitrijevi%C4%87" title="Dragutin Dimitrijević">Dragutin Dimitrijević</a> (also known as "Apis"), while training at the <a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_(Serbia)" title="Military Academy (Serbia)">Serbian Military Academy</a>. Those that favoured the coup included the older generation of generals, including the former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Petar_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Petar Živković">Petar Živković</a> and his brother <a href="/wiki/Dimitrije_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Dimitrije Živković">Dimitrije Živković</a>, intellectuals, leftist students, the opposition, the army and army air force, and the Orthodox Church. The generals had various reasons for disliking Prince Paul, including being placed on the retired or reserve lists, postings to lesser roles to prevent them from engaging in politics, and aversion to Prince Paul's policies.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014120–122-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_new_government">The new government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The new government">edit</a>]</div> In the wake of the coup, Simović's new government refused to ratify Yugoslavia's signing of the Tripartite Pact, but did not openly rule it out. Hitler, angered by the coup and anti-German incidents in Belgrade, gathered his senior officers and ordered that Yugoslavia be crushed without delay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752–3-91">[91]</a> In particular, Hitler was concerned about the British <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> using bases in Greece and Yugoslavia to conduct air attacks against the southern flank of the pending attack on the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200147-17">[17]</a> On the same day as the coup he issued <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer_Directives" class="mw-redirect" title="Führer Directives">Führer Directive</a> 25 which called for Yugoslavia to be treated as a hostile state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-92">[92]</a> Italy was to be included in the operations and the directive made specific mention that "[e]fforts will be made to induce Hungary and Bulgaria to take part in operations by offering them the prospect of regaining Banat and Macedonia".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-92">[92]</a> Furthermore, the directive stated that "[i]nternal tensions in Yugoslavia will be encouraged by giving political assurances to the Croats",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964108-92">[92]</a> taking account of their dissatisfaction with their position in pre-war Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200147-17">[17]</a> Later, Hitler stated that the coup had been a shock.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlajn200717-93">[93]</a> At the same time he ordered the invasion of Yugoslavia, Hitler postponed the invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, by about four weeks from its original date of 15 May. Up to this point, the need for some delay due to the particularly wet spring in eastern Europe may have been foreseen, but the timing indicates that the unexpected need to defeat Yugoslavia was an important factor in Hitler's decision.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn2014157-94">[94]</a> On 30 March, Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Momčilo Ninčić">Momčilo Ninčić</a> summoned the German ambassador, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_von_Heeren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor von Heeren (page does not exist)">Viktor von Heeren</a>, and handed him a statement which declared that the new government would accept all its international obligations, including accession to the Tripartite Pact, as long as the national interests of the country were protected. For his part, Heeren demanded an apology for the anti-German demonstrations, immediate ratification of the Tripartite Pact, and demobilisation of the Yugoslav armed forces. Heeren returned to his office to discover a message from Berlin instructing that contact with Yugoslav officials was to be avoided, and he was recalled to Berlin, departing the following day. No reply was given to Ninčić. On 2 April, orders were issued for the evacuation of the German embassy, which occurred the next day, and the German <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">chargé d'affaires</a> advised the diplomats of friendly countries to leave the country.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197550–51-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÇetiner201472-96">[96]</a> Heeren tried to assure Hitler that the putsch was an internal matter between Yugoslav political elites, and that action against Yugoslavia was unnecessary, but he was ignored.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrusin201723-97">[97]</a> On 31 March, after offering Croatia to Hungary and being rebuffed, the Germans had decided to give Croatia its independence.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200148-98">[98]</a> German Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche_Mittelstelle" title="Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle">Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle</a> worked to "organise cries for help" from ethnic Germans, Croats, Macedonians, and Slovenes in Yugoslavia that could be published in the press to provide moral justification for a German invasion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakić201760-99">[99]</a> The German media simultaneously launched a barrage of accusations against Yugoslavia, claiming that German nationals in Yugoslavia had been subjected to atrocities, similar to the propaganda issued prior to the invasions of Poland and Czechoslovakia. This media onslaught also attempted to exploit divisions between Serbs and Croats, by pledging that the latter would have a prominent role in the country in the future.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÇetiner201472-96">[96]</a> After the coup ethnic relations concerning Germans in Yugoslavia were tense, but rarely resulted in outright violence. The Yugoslav government denied allegations of German ethnic repression.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZakić201760–61-100">[100]</a> Thousands of German nationals left Yugoslavia on instructions from Berlin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÇetiner201472-96">[96]</a> On 3 April, Führer Directive 26 was issued, detailing the plan of attack and command structure for the invasion. Hungary and Bulgaria were promised the <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a> and Yugoslav Macedonia respectively and the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Land_Forces" title="Romanian Land Forces">Romanian army</a> was asked not to take part, holding its position at the Romania-Yugoslav border.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrevor-Roper1964109-101">[101]</a> Internal conflict in Hungary over the invasion plans between the army and Teleki led to the Prime Minister's suicide that same evening. Also on 3 April, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Veesenmayer" title="Edmund Veesenmayer">Edmund Veesenmayer</a>, representing the <a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop#Dienststelle_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Dienststelle Ribbentrop</a>, arrived in Zagreb in preparation for a regime change.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200149-102">[102]</a> Croatian pilot <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kren" title="Vladimir Kren">Vladimir Kren</a>, a captain in the VVKJ, also defected to the Germans on 3 April taking with him valuable information about the country's air defences.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECiglicSavic200210-103">[103]</a> Simović named Maček as Deputy Prime Minister once again in the new government, but Maček was reluctant and remained in Zagreb while he decided what to do. While he considered the coup had been an entirely Serbian initiative aimed at both Prince Paul and the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, he decided that he needed to show HSS support for the new government and that joining it was necessary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547-65">[65]</a> He also demanded that four Croatian politicians from the deposed cabinet be part of the new one, to which Simović agreed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014123-67">[67]</a> On 4 April, Maček travelled to Belgrade and accepted the post on several conditions: that the new government respect the Cvetković–Maček Agreement and expand the autonomy of the Banovina Croatia in some respects; that the new government respect the country's accession to the Tripartite Pact; and that one Serb and one Croatian temporarily assume the role of regents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2003268-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548-104">[104]</a> That same day exiled Croatian politician and Ustaše leader <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a> called for Croats to start an uprising against the government over his Radio Velebit program based in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDizdar2007588-105">[105]</a> On 5 April the new cabinet met for the first time. While the first two conditions set by Maček were met, the appointment of regents was impracticable given King Peter had been declared to be of age. Involving representatives from across the political spectrum, Simović's cabinet was "extremely disunited and weak".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197548–49-106">[106]</a> It quickly realised that it had to embrace a foreign policy that bore a strong resemblance to that of the preceding administration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013130-107">[107]</a> Budisavljević and Čubrilović, along with the four HSS politicians, were re-instated to cabinet. It included members who fell into three groups; those who were strongly opposed to the Axis and prepared to face war with Germany, those who advocated peace with Germany, and those that were uncommitted. The groups were divided as follows:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197549-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014123-67">[67]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" width="350px"> <caption>War with Germany </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cabinet member</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Portfolio </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Simovi%C4%87" title="Dušan Simović">Dušan Simović</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Military coup">Mil</a></td> <td>Prime Minister Chief of the General Staff </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ili%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Ilić">Bogoljub Ilić</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Military_coup" class="mw-redirect" title="Military coup">Mil</a></td> <td>Minister of the Army and Navy </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sr%C4%91an_Budisavljevi%C4%87" title="Srđan Budisavljević">Srđan Budisavljević</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Independent Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)">SDS</a></td> <td>Minister of Interior </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sava_Kosanovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sava Kosanović (page does not exist)">Sava Kosanović</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_Democratic_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Independent Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)">SDS</a></td> <td>Minister of Supply </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Branko_%C4%8Cubrilovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Branko Čubrilović (page does not exist)">Branko Čubrilović</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Agrarian_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Agrarian Party (Yugoslavia)">ZS</a></td> <td>Minister of Agriculture </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Radoje_Kne%C5%BEevi%C4%87" title="Radoje Knežević">Radoje Knežević</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)">DS</a></td> <td>Minister of the Royal Court </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" width="350px"> <caption>Peace with Germany </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cabinet member</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Portfolio </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a></td> <td>First Vice-Premier </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Andres" title="Ivan Andres">Ivan Andres</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a></td> <td>Minister of Trade and Industry </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Josip_Torbar_(politician,_born_1889)" title="Josip Torbar (politician, born 1889)">Josip Torbar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a></td> <td>Minister of Posts and Telegraphs </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Juraj_%C5%A0utej" title="Juraj Šutej">Juraj Šutej</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a></td> <td>Minister of Finance </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C5%A1a_Smoljan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bariša Smoljan (page does not exist)">Bariša Smoljan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">HSS</a></td> <td>Minister without Portfolio </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mom%C4%8Dilo_Nin%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Momčilo Ninčić">Momčilo Ninčić</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party" title="People's Radical Party">NRS</a></td> <td>Minister of Foreign Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEafer_Kulenovi%C4%87" title="Džafer Kulenović">Džafer Kulenović</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Muslim_Organization" title="Yugoslav Muslim Organization">JMO</a></td> <td>Minister of Forests and Mines </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran_Kulovec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fran Kulovec (page does not exist)">Fran Kulovec</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_People%27s_Party_(historical)" title="Slovene People's Party (historical)">SLS</a></td> <td>Minister of Construction </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Miha_Krek" title="Miha Krek">Miha Krek</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovene_People%27s_Party_(historical)" title="Slovene People's Party (historical)">SLS</a></td> <td>Minister without Portfolio </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" width="350px"> <caption>Uncommitted </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Cabinet member</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Portfolio </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Jovanovi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Jovanović">Slobodan Jovanović</a></td> <td>Ind.</td> <td>Second Vice-Premier </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Milan_Grol" title="Milan Grol">Milan Grol</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)">DS</a></td> <td>Minister of Social Welfare and Public Health </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bo%C5%BEa_Markovi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boža Marković (page does not exist)">Boža Marković</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Yugoslavia)" title="Democratic Party (Yugoslavia)">DS</a></td> <td>Minister of Justice </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Trifunovi%C4%87_(politician)" title="Miloš Trifunović (politician)">Miloš Trifunović</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party" title="People's Radical Party">NRS</a></td> <td>Minister of Education </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Jevti%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Jevtić">Bogoljub Jevtić</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Party" title="Yugoslav National Party">JNS</a></td> <td>Minister of Transportation </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jovo_Bonjanin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jovo Bonjanin (page does not exist)">Jovo Bonjanin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_National_Party" title="Yugoslav National Party">JNS</a></td> <td>Minister without Portfolio </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Dakovi%C4%87" title="Marko Daković">Marko Daković</a></td> <td>Ind.</td> <td>Minister without Portfolio </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-Aggression_Pact_with_the_USSR">Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR">edit</a>]</div> On 5 April 1941, the post-coup government signed the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soviet%E2%80%93Yugoslav_Non-Aggression_Pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soviet–Yugoslav Non-Aggression Pact (page does not exist)">Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression</a> with the Soviet Union in Moscow, for which talks had been underway since March.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMedvedev_&_Medvedev_19_October_2014-46">[46]</a> The relevant final article of the treaty read as follows: ″In the event of aggression against one of the contracting parties on the part of a third power, the other contracting party undertakes to observe a policy of friendly relations towards that party″,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETreaty_on_Friendship_and_Non-Aggression_between_the_USSR_and_Yugoslavia-109">[109]</a> which fell short of a commitment to provide military assistance.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReshetnikov1992110–123-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlijepčević197827-49">[49]</a> Stalin's intention by entering into the treaty was to signal to Hitler that the Soviet Union had interests in the Balkans, while not antagonising his erstwhile ally. For this reason, Soviet military intervention in Yugoslavia was never considered.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrusin201721-110">[110]</a> According to Tomasevich, this was "an almost meaningless diplomatic move", which could have had no real impact on the situation in which Yugoslavia found herself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197552-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Axis_invasion">Axis invasion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Axis invasion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></div> Even within the Royal Yugoslav Army, divisions between a Croatian-Slovene pro-Axis faction and a Serbian pro-Allied faction emerged.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013130-107">[107]</a> The Axis invasion of Yugoslavia began on 6 April. The <a href="/wiki/Operation_Retribution_(1941)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Retribution (1941)">bombing of Belgrade</a> forced the government to seek shelter outside the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-112">[112]</a> From here, King Peter and Simović planned to leave for exile. Maček, refusing to leave the country, resigned on 7 April and designated <a href="/wiki/Juraj_Krnjevi%C4%87" title="Juraj Krnjević">Juraj Krnjević</a> as his successor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-112">[112]</a> Maček returned to Zagreb. Three other ministers also refused to leave Yugoslavia: <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Andres" title="Ivan Andres">Ivan Andres</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bari%C5%A1a_Smoljan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bariša Smoljan (page does not exist)">Bariša Smoljan</a> of the HSS and Kulenović of the JMO.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich200150-112">[112]</a> The government met on Yugoslav soil for the last time on 13 April near <a href="/wiki/Pale,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Pale</a>. From here they travelled to <a href="/wiki/Nik%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Nikšić">Nikšić</a> where they were flown out of the country to Athens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPavlowitch200719-113">[113]</a> The Soviet leadership accepted the invasion of Yugoslavia without any criticism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReshetnikov1992110–123-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlijepčević197827-49">[49]</a> Another result of the coup was that the work that had been done by British intelligence with the anti-Axis government of Cvetković and Maček was lost. By supporting the coup plotters, the SOE undermined the balance in Yugoslav politics that had been achieved by the Cvetković–Maček Agreement. Serbian nationalists supported and welcomed the coup because it ended Croatian autonomy under the Agreement and freed them to pursue a <a href="/wiki/Greater_Serbia" title="Greater Serbia">Greater Serbia</a> agenda. The coup and its immediate aftermath also contributed to the paralysis within the Yugoslav government-in-exile during the rest of the war, due to ongoing disputes regarding the legitimacy of the Cvetković–Maček Agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStarič200538-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_historical_evaluation">Legacy and historical evaluation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy and historical evaluation">edit</a>]</div> Other than the dispute over who could take credit for staging the coup, the event itself and the dismal showing of the Yugoslav armed forces during the invasion were extensively analysed and discussed by participants, Yugoslav and foreign scholars, and others, both during and after the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197543–47-114">[114]</a> It remained a source of pride for the most outspoken Serbian nationalists and politicians from the Serbian ruling groups that supported it. Those that had advanced a policy of accommodation with the Axis maintained that had the coup not occurred, Yugoslavia would have been able to remain neutral and would have therefore escaped invasion and the many other consequences, including the large number of deaths and widespread destruction during the war, and the victory of the communist-led <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a> and the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. The proponents of accommodation also considered that Yugoslavia might have been able to enter the war on the Allied side at a later time and with less sacrifice. The KPJ saw the coup and invasion as a trigger for the wider revolt which resulted in its ultimate victory, and this aspect was commemorated each year in post-war Yugoslavia. In the final analysis, the primary significance of the coup was that it placed Yugoslavia's accession to the Tripartite Pact into doubt, which led directly to the Axis invasion. Tomasevich concurs with the KPJ evaluation that the coup and the resulting invasion were the starting point for the successful communist-led revolution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197547,_52–53-115">[115]</a> According to the British major general and historian <a href="/wiki/I._S._O._Playfair" title="I. S. O. Playfair">I. S. O. Playfair</a>, the coup was essentially a brave gesture of defiance, mainly by Serbs, against the German domination signified by signing of the Tripartite Pact, undertaken in the full knowledge that invasion would likely follow.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn2014157-94">[94]</a> It was also, according to the historian <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Prusin" title="Alexander Prusin">Alexander Prusin</a>, an "utter blunder, based on wishful thinking and emotions rather than a realistic appreciation of the country's limited economic and military potential".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrusin201722-116">[116]</a> By overthrowing Prince Paul and the Cvetković government who had sought accommodation with the Croats, the coup also operationalised Serbian opposition to the Cvetković-Maček Agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014126-117">[117]</a> Further, it underlined the lack of unity between Serbs and Croats, which limited the military options available to the Yugoslav government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn201474-118">[118]</a> Hitler's decision to invade Yugoslavia delayed the concurrent invasion of Greece by five days, but this was more than made up for by the advantages of being able to invade Greece via southern Yugoslavia, allowing the outflanking of the Aliakmon Line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn201474_&_157-119">[119]</a> The role of the coup and subsequent invasion of Yugoslavia in delaying Operation Barbarossa, and the subsequent Axis defeat by the Soviet Union, is disputed. In 1975, Tomasevich wrote that the events in Yugoslavia were "a partial cause of what proved to be a fateful delay in Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union", and went on to state that many writers consider that this delay was responsible for the German failure to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">capture Moscow</a> in the winter of 1941–1942. He acknowledged that, apart from the coup and invasion, the wet spring of 1941 contributed a two or three week delay to the launching of Barbarossa, but saw the delay caused by events in Yugoslavia as an important indirect factor in eventual Axis defeat in the war.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197586-120">[120]</a> In 1972 the historian <a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Martin van Creveld</a> examined the arguments supporting this position and dismissed such views as based on "sloppy scholarship" and "wishful thinking".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Creveld197285-121">[121]</a> He concluded that the invasion of Yugoslavia facilitated and accelerated the overall Balkan campaign, and that the fact that the Germans did not capitalise on the earlier than expected end of operations in Yugoslavia by bringing forward the start date for Operation Barbarossa proves beyond doubt that other factors determined the start date.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Creveld197286-122">[122]</a> In 2013, the Australian historians <a href="/wiki/Craig_Stockings" title="Craig Stockings">Craig Stockings</a> and Eleanor Hancock, using new archival findings for their analysis of the invasion of Greece came to the conclusion that there is “little doubt” that to some degree the invasion of Yugoslavia forced a delay to the planned start date of the invasion of the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013573-123">[123]</a> Sue Onslow, in a bid to place the coup in the broader context of the British policy towards Yugoslavia between the outbreak of the Second World War and the events on 27 March 1941, writes that the coup was a major propaganda victory for Britain, as it "proved a tremendous, if ephemeral, boost to British morale, coming rapidly upon the victories against Italian forces in <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North Africa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">Sudan</a>"; it also was "a much-needed fillip to the 'upstart'... Special Operations Executive created by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dalton" title="Hugh Dalton">[Hugh] Dalton</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow20052–3-124">[124]</a> Prince Paul was found guilty of war crimes in September 1945 for his role in the Yugoslav accession to the Tripartite Pact. In 2011, a High Court in Serbia found the sentence to be politically and ideologically motivated and Prince Paul was officially rehabilitated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Star''_online_7_October_2012-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Television_of_Serbia_15_December_2011-126">[126]</a> A similar decision had been made in 2009 to rehabilitate Cvetković for war crimes charges relating to the signing of the pact.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Politika''_26_September_2009-127">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_citations">Notes and citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes and citations">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196967_1-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200645-2"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200645_2-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–62_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, pp. 60–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196910–11,_60–62-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196910–11,_60–62_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, pp. 10–11, 60–62. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner19637-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoptner19637_5-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoptner1963">Hoptner 1963</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196961_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200676-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200676_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200679–80_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, pp. 79–80. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet200687-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet200687_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDragnich198399_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDragnich1983">Dragnich 1983</a>, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–63-11"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich196960–63_11-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1969">Tomasevich 1969</a>, pp. 60–63. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoptner19639-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoptner19639_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoptner1963">Hoptner 1963</a>, p. 9. </li> <li 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p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoberts19876–7_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoberts1987">Roberts 1987</a>, pp. 6–7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197530_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 30. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197531_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank2001171_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrank2001">Frank 2001</a>, p. 171. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo19752_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMilazzo1975">Milazzo 1975</a>, p. 2. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford1977401_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStafford1977">Stafford 1977</a>, p. 401. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECreveld1973139_41-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCreveld1973">Creveld 1973</a>, p. 139. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014120-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014120_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014120_42-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFIaremko2014">Iaremko 2014</a>, p. 120. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197532_&_57_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, pp. 32 & 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960367_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPresseisen1960">Presseisen 1960</a>, p. 367. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPresseisen1960368_45-0">a</a> <a 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id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014126-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIaremko2014126_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFIaremko2014">Iaremko 2014</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn201474-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn201474_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn2014">Playfair et al. 2014</a>, p. 74. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn201474_&_157-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn201474_&_157_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn2014">Playfair et al. 2014</a>, pp. 74 & 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich197586-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich197586_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Creveld197285-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Creveld197285_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVan_Creveld1972">Van Creveld 1972</a>, p. 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Creveld197286-122"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Creveld197286_122-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVan_Creveld1972">Van Creveld 1972</a>, p. 86. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013573-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStockingsHancock2013573_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStockingsHancock2013">Stockings & Hancock 2013</a>, p. 573. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOnslow20052–3-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOnslow20052–3_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFOnslow2005">Onslow 2005</a>, pp. 2–3. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''The_Star''_online_7_October_2012-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''The_Star''_online_7_October_2012_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Star_online_7_October_2012">The Star online 7 October 2012</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadio_Television_of_Serbia_15_December_2011-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadio_Television_of_Serbia_15_December_2011_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRadio_Television_of_Serbia_15_December_2011">Radio Television of Serbia 15 December 2011</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''Politika''_26_September_2009-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''Politika''_26_September_2009_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPolitika_26_September_2009">Politika 26 September 2009</a>. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBiondich2007" class="citation cs2">Biondich, Mark (2007), "Controversies surrounding the Catholic Church in Wartime Croatia, 1941–45", in <a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (ed.), The Independent State of Croatia 1941–45, New York, New York: Routledge, pp. 31–59, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44055-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-44055-4"><bdi>978-0-415-44055-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Controversies+surrounding+the+Catholic+Church+in+Wartime+Croatia%2C+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.btitle=The+Independent+State+of+Croatia+1941%E2%80%9345&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=31-59&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-44055-4&rft.aulast=Biondich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇetiner2014" class="citation book cs1">Çetiner, Yusuf Turan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vYnpBQAAQBAJ">Turkey and the West: From Neutrality to Commitment</a>. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-6190-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-6190-4"><bdi>978-0-7618-6190-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+and+the+West%3A+From+Neutrality+to+Commitment&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-6190-4&rft.aulast=%C3%87etiner&rft.aufirst=Yusuf+Turan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvYnpBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCiglicSavic2002" class="citation book cs1">Ciglic, Boris; Savic, Dragan (2002). Croatian Aces of World War 2. London, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-435-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-435-1"><bdi>978-1-84176-435-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatian+Aces+of+World+War+2&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-435-1&rft.aulast=Ciglic&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.au=Savic%2C+Dragan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCreveld1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Creveld, Martin L. Van</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ozg8AAAAIAAJ">Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941: The Balkan Clue</a>. London, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20143-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-20143-8"><bdi>978-0-521-20143-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Strategy+1940%E2%80%931941%3A+The+Balkan+Clue&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-521-20143-8&rft.aulast=Creveld&rft.aufirst=Martin+L.+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dozg8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDožić1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dožić, Gavrilo (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.27mart.com/images/File/Memoari%20patrijarha%20Gavrila%20II%20deo.pdf">Memoari patrijarha srpskog Gavrila</a> [Memoirs of the Serbian Patriarch Gavrilo] (PDF) (in Serbo-Croatian). Paris, France: Richelieu. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/439206806">439206806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoari+patrijarha+srpskog+Gavrila&rft.place=Paris%2C+France&rft.pub=Richelieu&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F439206806&rft.aulast=Do%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Gavrilo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.27mart.com%2Fimages%2FFile%2FMemoari%2520patrijarha%2520Gavrila%2520II%2520deo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDragnich1983" class="citation book cs1">Dragnich, Alex N. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-84_kkgMf2QC">The First Yugoslavia: Search for a Viable Political System</a>. Stanford, California: Hoover Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7843-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7843-3"><bdi>978-0-8179-7843-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Yugoslavia%3A+Search+for+a+Viable+Political+System&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Hoover+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-7843-3&rft.aulast=Dragnich&rft.aufirst=Alex+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-84_kkgMf2QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2001" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Tibor (2001). "Treaty Revision and Doublespeak: Hungarian Neutrality, 1939–1941". In Wylie, Neville (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RNh3v8miC0kC">European Neutrals and Non-Belligerents During the Second World War</a>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 150–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64358-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64358-0"><bdi>978-0-521-64358-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Treaty+Revision+and+Doublespeak%3A+Hungarian+Neutrality%2C+1939%E2%80%931941&rft.btitle=European+Neutrals+and+Non-Belligerents+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=150-191&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-64358-0&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRNh3v8miC0kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Slavko_Goldstein" title="Slavko Goldstein">Goldstein, Slavko</a> (ed.). Hrvatska povijest [Croatian History] (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Novi Liber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6045-22-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6045-22-8"><bdi>978-953-6045-22-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+povijest&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Novi+Liber&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-953-6045-22-8&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHehn2005" class="citation book cs1">Hehn, Paul N. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nOALhEZkYDkC">A Low Dishonest Decade : The Great Powers, Eastern Europe, and the Economic Origins of World War II, 1930–1941</a>. London, United Kingdom: Continuum International Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1761-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-1761-9"><bdi>978-0-8264-1761-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Low+Dishonest+Decade+%3A+The+Great+Powers%2C+Eastern+Europe%2C+and+the+Economic+Origins+of+World+War+II%2C+1930%E2%80%931941&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-1761-9&rft.aulast=Hehn&rft.aufirst=Paul+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnOALhEZkYDkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoptner1963" class="citation book cs1">Hoptner, Jacob B. (1963). Yugoslavia in Crisis, 1934–1941. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310483760">310483760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia+in+Crisis%2C+1934%E2%80%931941&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310483760&rft.aulast=Hoptner&rft.aufirst=Jacob+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlajn2007" class="citation book cs1">Klajn, Lajčo (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hq3XLZ9Nw68C">The Past in Present Times: The Yugoslav Saga</a>. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-3647-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-3647-6"><bdi>978-0-7618-3647-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Past+in+Present+Times%3A+The+Yugoslav+Saga&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-3647-6&rft.aulast=Klajn&rft.aufirst=Laj%C4%8Do&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhq3XLZ9Nw68C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Noel_Malcolm" title="Noel Malcolm">Malcolm, Noel</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bosniashorthisto00malc">Bosnia: A Short History</a>. New York, New York: New York University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5520-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5520-4"><bdi>978-0-8147-5520-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-5520-4&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Noel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbosniashorthisto00malc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilazzo1975" class="citation book cs1">Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-1589-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chetnik+Movement+%26+the+Yugoslav+Resistance&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1589-8&rft.aulast=Milazzo&rft.aufirst=Matteo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapasissis1960" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Papasissis, Themistokles (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promacedonia.org/en/kms/5.html">"5"</a>. Der König muss sterben [The King Must Die] (in German). Berlin, West Germany: Berlin Bär. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/722376881">722376881</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5&rft.btitle=Der+K%C3%B6nig+muss+sterben&rft.place=Berlin%2C+West+Germany&rft.pub=Berlin+B%C3%A4r&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F722376881&rft.aulast=Papasissis&rft.aufirst=Themistokles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promacedonia.org%2Fen%2Fkms%2F5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stevan_K._Pavlowitch" title="Stevan K. Pavlowitch">Pavlowitch, Stevan K.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R8d2409V9tEC">Hitler's New Disorder: The Second World War in Yugoslavia</a>. New York, New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-895-5"><bdi>978-1-85065-895-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+New+Disorder%3A+The+Second+World+War+in+Yugoslavia&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-895-5&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR8d2409V9tEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetranović1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Petranović, Branko (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://znaci.org/00001/92_4.pdf">Srbija u drugom svetskom ratu: 1939–1945</a> [Serbia in the Second World War: 1939–1945] (PDF) (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoizdavaćki i Novinski Centar. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/246803289">246803289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srbija+u+drugom+svetskom+ratu%3A+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Vojnoizdava%C4%87ki+i+Novinski+Centar&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F246803289&rft.aulast=Petranovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Branko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fznaci.org%2F00001%2F92_4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlayfairMolonyToomerFlynn2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/I._S._O._Playfair" title="I. S. O. Playfair">Playfair, I. S. O.</a>; Molony, C. J. C.; Toomer, S. E.; Flynn, F. C. (2014) [1956]. J. R. M. Butler (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PhdwCwAAQBAJ">The Mediterranean And Middle East: Volume II The Germans Come To The Help Of Their Ally (1941) Illustrated Edition</a>. USA: Pickle Partners Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78289-622-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78289-622-7"><bdi>978-1-78289-622-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mediterranean+And+Middle+East%3A+Volume+II+The+Germans+Come+To+The+Help+Of+Their+Ally+%281941%29+Illustrated+Edition&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Pickle+Partners+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-78289-622-7&rft.aulast=Playfair&rft.aufirst=I.+S.+O.&rft.au=Molony%2C+C.+J.+C.&rft.au=Toomer%2C+S.+E.&rft.au=Flynn%2C+F.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPhdwCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrusin2017" class="citation book cs1">Prusin, Alexander (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ud4nDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT46">Serbia Under the Swastika: A World War II Occupation</a>. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09961-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-09961-8"><bdi>978-0-252-09961-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Serbia+Under+the+Swastika%3A+A+World+War+II+Occupation&rft.place=Urbana%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-252-09961-8&rft.aulast=Prusin&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUd4nDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabrina_P._Ramet" title="Sabrina P. Ramet">Ramet, Sabrina P.</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC">The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</a>. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRametLazić2011" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P.; Lazić, Sladjana (2011). "The Collaborationist Regime of Milan Nedić". In Ramet, Sabrina P.; Listhaug, Ola (eds.). Serbia and the Serbs in World War Two. London, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 17–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27830-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-27830-1"><bdi>978-0-230-27830-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Collaborationist+Regime+of+Milan+Nedi%C4%87&rft.btitle=Serbia+and+the+Serbs+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pages=17-43&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-230-27830-1&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft.au=Lazi%C4%87%2C+Sladjana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReshetnikov1992" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reshetnikov, Leonid (1992), "К вопросу о советско-югославском договоре о дружбе и ненападении [On the Question of the Soviet-Yugoslav Treaty of Friendship and Non-Aggression]", in Gibianskij, Leonid Ânovič; Sluč, Sergej Zinov'evič (eds.), <bdi lang="ru">Международные отношения и страны Центральной и Юго-Восточной Европы в период фашистской агрессии на Балканах и подготовки нападения на СССР (сентябрь 1940 – июнь 1941)</bdi> [International Relations and the Countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe during the Fascist Aggression in the Balkans and Preparations for an Attack on the USSR (September 1940 – June 1941)] (in Russian), Moscow, Russian Federation: Institute of Slavic Studies and Balkan Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 110–123, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/690302464">690302464</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%D0%9A+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83+%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BE+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%5BOn+the+Question+of+the+Soviet-Yugoslav+Treaty+of+Friendship+and+Non-Aggression%5D&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%AE%D0%B3%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B+%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0+%28%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C+1940+%E2%80%93+%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%BD%D1%8C+1941%29&rft.place=Moscow%2C+Russian+Federation&rft.pages=110-123&rft.pub=Institute+of+Slavic+Studies+and+Balkan+Studies+of+the+Russian+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F690302464&rft.aulast=Reshetnikov&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Roberts_(writer)" title="Walter Roberts (writer)">Roberts, Walter R.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43CbLU8FgFsC">Tito, Mihailović and the Allies: 1941–1945</a> (3 ed.). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-0773-0"><bdi>978-0-8223-0773-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tito%2C+Mihailovi%C4%87+and+the+Allies%3A+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+New+Jersey&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-0773-0&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D43CbLU8FgFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShirer1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Shirer" title="William L. Shirer">Shirer, William</a> (1990). <a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Third_Reich" title="The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich">The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany</a>. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-72868-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-72868-7"><bdi>978-0-671-72868-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Third+Reich%3A+A+History+of+Nazi+Germany&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-671-72868-7&rft.aulast=Shirer&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton1985" class="citation book cs1">Singleton, Fred (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shorthistoryofyu0000sing">A Short History of the Yugoslav Peoples</a>. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27485-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-27485-2"><bdi>978-0-521-27485-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+the+Yugoslav+Peoples&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-521-27485-2&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshorthistoryofyu0000sing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlijepčević1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Slijepčević, Đoko (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/204712141/Jugoslavija-uoci-i-za-vreme-drugog-svetskog-rata-Djoko-Slijepcevic">Jugoslavija uoči i za vreme drugog svetskog rata</a> [Yugoslavia Before and During the Second World War] (in Serbo-Croatian). Munich, West Germany: Iskra. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/490751261">490751261</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jugoslavija+uo%C4%8Di+i+za+vreme+drugog+svetskog+rata&rft.place=Munich%2C+West+Germany&rft.pub=Iskra&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F490751261&rft.aulast=Slijep%C4%8Devi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C4%90oko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F204712141%2FJugoslavija-uoci-i-za-vreme-drugog-svetskog-rata-Djoko-Slijepcevic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStockingsHancock2013" class="citation book cs1">Stockings, Craig; Hancock, Eleanor (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JeYTAAAAQBAJ">Swastika over the Acropolis: Re-interpreting the Nazi Invasion of Greece in World War II</a>. Boston, Massachusetts: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25459-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25459-6"><bdi>978-90-04-25459-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Swastika+over+the+Acropolis%3A+Re-interpreting+the+Nazi+Invasion+of+Greece+in+World+War+II&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25459-6&rft.aulast=Stockings&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft.au=Hancock%2C+Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJeYTAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudoplatov1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov" title="Pavel Sudoplatov">Sudoplatov, Pavel</a> (1994). <a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks" title="Special Tasks">Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness — A Soviet Spymaster</a>. Boston, Massachusetts: Little, Brown & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0316773522" title="Special:BookSources/978-0316773522"><bdi>978-0316773522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Special+Tasks%3A+The+Memoirs+of+an+Unwanted+Witness+%E2%80%94+A+Soviet+Spymaster&rft.place=Boston%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0316773522&rft.aulast=Sudoplatov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanner1997" class="citation book cs1">Tanner, Marcus (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sfcpsAoSoewC">Croatia: A Nation Forged in War</a>. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09125-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09125-0"><bdi>978-0-300-09125-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+Nation+Forged+in+War&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09125-0&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsfcpsAoSoewC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTasovac1999" class="citation book cs1">Tasovac, Ivo (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanforeignp00taso">American Foreign Policy and Yugoslavia, 1939-1941</a>. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89096-897-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89096-897-0"><bdi>978-0-89096-897-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Foreign+Policy+and+Yugoslavia%2C+1939-1941&rft.place=College+Station%2C+Texas&rft.pub=Texas+A%26M+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-89096-897-0&rft.aulast=Tasovac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanforeignp00taso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomanić2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomanić, Milorad (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bosnafolk.com/pdf/spc.pdf">Srpska crkva u ratu i ratovi u njoj</a> [The Serbian Church in War and Wars Within It] (PDF). Belgrade, Serbia: Medijska Knjižara Krug. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/249507440">249507440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Srpska+crkva+u+ratu+i+ratovi+u+njoj&rft.place=Belgrade%2C+Serbia&rft.pub=Medijska+Knji%C5%BEara+Krug&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F249507440&rft.aulast=Tomani%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milorad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bosnafolk.com%2Fpdf%2Fspc.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a--6hauBIb4C">"Yugoslavia During the Second World War"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_S._Vucinich" title="Wayne S. Vucinich">Vucinich, Wayne S.</a> (ed.). Contemporary Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Socialist Experiment. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp. 59–118. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/652337606">652337606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yugoslavia+During+the+Second+World+War&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Yugoslavia%3A+Twenty+Years+of+Socialist+Experiment&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pages=59-118&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F652337606&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da--6hauBIb4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ">War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks</a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Chetniks&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoCaAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC">War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-3615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor-Roper1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Trevor-Roper" title="Hugh Trevor-Roper">Trevor-Roper, Hugh</a> (1964). Hitler's War Directives: 1939–1945. London, United Kingdom: Sidgwick and Jackson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84341-014-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84341-014-0"><bdi>978-1-84341-014-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+War+Directives%3A+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-1-84341-014-0&rft.aulast=Trevor-Roper&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakić2017" class="citation book cs1">Zakić, Mirna (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v1xEDgAAQBAJ">Ethnic Germans and National Socialism in Yugoslavia in World War II</a>. New York City: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17184-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-17184-8"><bdi>978-1-107-17184-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Germans+and+National+Socialism+in+Yugoslavia+in+World+War+II&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-107-17184-8&rft.aulast=Zaki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mirna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv1xEDgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals_and_newspapers">Journals and newspapers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Journals and newspapers">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakić2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bakić, Dragan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/(X(1)A(228fbGqp0wEkAAAANTIzYjcyMWItZDcyZC00NzZjLTg2NmMtYjhmZTYzZTI2YzM36YxYJP2sYcw2VTflc6BTAmHSK6I1))/img/doi/0350-7653/2015/0350-76531546219B.pdf">"Apis's Men: the Black Hand Conspirators after the Great War"</a> (PDF). Balcanica (46): 219–239. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0350-7653">0350-7653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica&rft.atitle=Apis%27s+Men%3A+the+Black+Hand+Conspirators+after+the+Great+War&rft.issue=46&rft.pages=219-239&rft.date=2005&rft.issn=0350-7653&rft.aulast=Baki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2F%28X%281%29A%28228fbGqp0wEkAAAANTIzYjcyMWItZDcyZC00NzZjLTg2NmMtYjhmZTYzZTI2YzM36YxYJP2sYcw2VTflc6BTAmHSK6I1%29%29%2Fimg%2Fdoi%2F0350-7653%2F2015%2F0350-76531546219B.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDizdar2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dizdar, Zdravko (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=29738">"Bjelovarski ustanak od 7. do 10. travnja 1941"</a> [Bjelovar Uprising, 7 to 10 April 1941]. Časopis za suvremenu povijest [Journal of Contemporary History] (in Serbo-Croatian). 39 (3): 581–609.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C4%8Casopis+za+suvremenu+povijest+%5BJournal+of+Contemporary+History%5D&rft.atitle=Bjelovarski+ustanak+od+7.+do+10.+travnja+1941.&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=581-609&rft.date=2007-01&rft.aulast=Dizdar&rft.aufirst=Zdravko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D29738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Hadži-Jovančić, Perica. "Losing the Periphery: The British Foreign Office and Policy Towards Yugoslavia, 1935–1938" Diplomacy & Statecraft (March 2020) 31#1 pp 65–90.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIaremko2014" class="citation journal cs1">Iaremko, Marta (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clio.lnu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/12-1.pdf">"Belgrade Coup D'Etat of March 27, 1941"</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the History Faculty of Lviv University (15): 119–128. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2078-6077">2078-6077</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+History+Faculty+of+Lviv+University&rft.atitle=Belgrade+Coup+D%27Etat+of+March+27%2C+1941&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=119-128&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=2078-6077&rft.aulast=Iaremko&rft.aufirst=Marta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclio.lnu.edu.ua%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F01%2F12-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Examiner_29_March_1941" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52410418">"Nazis Ask Yugoslavs To Explain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Examiner_(Tasmania)" title="The Examiner (Tasmania)">The Examiner</a>. Vol. C, no. 16. Tasmania, Australia. 29 March 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 7 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Examiner&rft.atitle=Nazis+Ask+Yugoslavs+To+Explain&rft.volume=C&rft.issue=16&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1941-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article52410418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnslow2005" class="citation journal cs1">Onslow, Sue (March 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/3395/1/Journal_of_International_History_2005_n8_Onslow.pdf">"Britain and the Belgrade Coup of 27 March 1941 Revisited"</a> (PDF). Electronic Journal of International History (8): 359–370. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-1443">1471-1443</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Journal+of+International+History&rft.atitle=Britain+and+the+Belgrade+Coup+of+27+March+1941+Revisited&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=359-370&rft.date=2005-03&rft.issn=1471-1443&rft.aulast=Onslow&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsas-space.sas.ac.uk%2F3395%2F1%2FJournal_of_International_History_2005_n8_Onslow.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPresseisen1960" class="citation journal cs1">Presseisen, Ernst L. (December 1960). "Prelude to "Barbarossa": Germany and the Balkans, 1940–1941". Journal of Modern History. 32 (4): 359–370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F238616">10.1086/238616</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1872611">1872611</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144699901">144699901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=Prelude+to+%22Barbarossa%22%3A+Germany+and+the+Balkans%2C+1940%E2%80%931941&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=359-370&rft.date=1960-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144699901%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1872611%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F238616&rft.aulast=Presseisen&rft.aufirst=Ernst+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStafford1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_A._T._Stafford" title="David A. T. Stafford">Stafford, David A. T.</a> (September 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2494975">"SOE and British Involvement in the Belgrade Coup d'État of March 1941"</a>. Slavic Review. 36 (3): 399–419. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2494975">10.2307/2494975</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2494975">2494975</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159560969">159560969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slavic+Review&rft.atitle=SOE+and+British+Involvement+in+the+Belgrade+Coup+d%27%C3%89tat+of+March+1941&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=399-419&rft.date=1977-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159560969%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2494975%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2494975&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=David+A.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%252F2494975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarič2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerca_Vodu%C5%A1ek_Stari%C4%8D" title="Jerca Vodušek Starič">Starič, Jerca Vodušek</a> (2005). "The Concurrence of Allied and Yugoslav Intelligence Aims and Activities". The Journal of Intelligence History. 5 (1): 29–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F16161262.2005.10555107">10.1080/16161262.2005.10555107</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150956459">150956459</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Intelligence+History&rft.atitle=The+Concurrence+of+Allied+and+Yugoslav+Intelligence+Aims+and+Activities&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-44&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F16161262.2005.10555107&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150956459%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Stari%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Jerca+Vodu%C5%A1ek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Creveld1972" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_van_Creveld" title="Martin van Creveld">Van Creveld, Martin</a> (1972). "The German attack on the USSR: the Destruction of a Legend". European Studies Review. 2 (1). SAGE Journals: 69–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026569147200200104">10.1177/026569147200200104</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0014-3111">0014-3111</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220911250">220911250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=The+German+attack+on+the+USSR%3A+the+Destruction+of+a+Legend&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69-86&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220911250%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0014-3111&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F026569147200200104&rft.aulast=Van+Creveld&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Websites">Websites</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yugoslav_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Websites">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedvedev_&_Medvedev_19_October_2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Medvedev" title="Roy Medvedev">Medvedev, Roy</a>; <a href="/wiki/Zhores_Medvedev" title="Zhores Medvedev">Medvedev, Zhores</a> (19 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.novosti.rs/dodatni_sadrzaj/clanci.119.html:515432-Poklon-Moskvi-sa-Balkana">"Poklon Moskvi sa Balkana"</a> [A Gift to Moscow from the Balkans] (in Serbian). Novosti.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poklon+Moskvi+sa+Balkana&rft.date=2014-10-19&rft.aulast=Medvedev&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Medvedev%2C+Zhores&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.novosti.rs%2Fdodatni_sadrzaj%2Fclanci.119.html%3A515432-Poklon-Moskvi-sa-Balkana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Star_online_7_October_2012" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/world/2012/10/07/prince-paul-of-yugoslavia-gets-royal-resting-place-at-last/">"Prince Paul of Yugoslavia gets royal resting place at last"</a>. The Star online. 7 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star+online&rft.atitle=Prince+Paul+of+Yugoslavia+gets+royal+resting+place+at+last&rft.date=2012-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2012%2F10%2F07%2Fprince-paul-of-yugoslavia-gets-royal-resting-place-at-last%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadio_Television_of_Serbia_15_December_2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/1009416/Rehabilitovan+knez+Pavle.html">"Rehabilitovan knez Pavle"</a> [Prince Paul Rehabilitated] (in Serbo-Croatian). Radio Television of Serbia. 15 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rehabilitovan+knez+Pavle&rft.date=2011-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.rs%2Fpage%2Fstories%2Fsr%2Fstory%2F125%2FDru%25C5%25A1tvo%2F1009416%2FRehabilitovan%2Bknez%2BPavle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolitika_26_September_2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/vesti-dana/Rehabilitovan-Dragisha-Cvetkovic.lt.html">"Rehabilitovan Dragiša Cvetković"</a> [Dragiša Cvetković Rehabilitated]. Politika (in Serbo-Croatian). 26 September 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politika&rft.atitle=Rehabilitovan+Dragi%C5%A1a+Cvetkovi%C4%87&rft.date=2009-09-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politika.rs%2Frubrike%2Fvesti-dana%2FRehabilitovan-Dragisha-Cvetkovic.lt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTreaty_on_Friendship_and_Non-Aggression_between_the_USSR_and_Yugoslavia" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.cntd.ru/document/902042606">"Treaty on Friendship and Non-Aggression between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia"</a>. www.kodeks.ru. The Legal Information Consortium. 5 April 1941. Retrieved 14 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kodeks.ru&rft.atitle=Treaty+on+Friendship+and+Non-Aggression+between+the+Union+of+Soviet+Socialist+Republics+and+the+Kingdom+of+Yugoslavia&rft.date=1941-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.cntd.ru%2Fdocument%2F902042606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYugoslav+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118311#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85149474">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534271405171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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