ADW: Lepidoptera: INFORMATION

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>ADW: Lepidoptera: INFORMATION</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lepidoptera/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//code.jquery.com/jquery-migrate-3.3.2.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/compat.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://animaldiversity.org/favicon.ico" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Gentium+Book+Basic:400,400italic,700,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Sans:400,700,400italic,700italic" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.styles.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/pica.print.css" media="print" />  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/static/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lepidoptera/" /> <meta content="Lepidoptera" property="og:title" /> <meta content="website" property="og:type" /> <meta content="Animal Diversity Web" property="og:site_name" /> <meta content="https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Crambidae/Desmia3782/medium.jpg" property="og:image" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AnimalDiversity" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Lepidoptera" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Read about Lepidoptera on the Animal Diversity Web." /> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://animaldiversity.org/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Crambidae/Desmia3782/medium.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:image:height" content="480" /> <meta name="twitter:image:width" content="660" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lepidoptera/" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/static/js/Hyphenator.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/social-likes/social-likes_birman.css" /> <style> .social-likes { margin: 0; } .social-likes__widget { margin: 0; } </style>   </head> <body> <div id="outerwrap"> <div id="header" aria-role="header"> <h1> <a id="homelink" href="/">Animal Diversity Web</a> </h1> <div class="umlinks"> <div class="relative"> <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ummz/" id="ummzlink">University of Michigan Museum of Zoology</a> <a href="https://www.umich.edu/" id="umlink">University of Michigan</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wrap" class="gradient"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span2 sidebar left"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs nav-stacked" id="sitemap"> <li> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/">About Us</a> </li> <li> <a href="/animal_names/">About Animal Names</a> </li> <li> <a href="/teach/">Educational Resources</a> </li> <li> <a href="/collections/">Special Collections</a> </li> <li> <a href="/glossary/">Glossary</a> </li> <li> <a href="/accounts/Animalia/">Browse Animalia</a> </li> </ul> <h2 class="offscreen">More Information</h2> <div class="well"> <h3>Additional Information</h3> <ul class="unstyled"> <li> <a href="http://eol.org/search/?q=Lepidoptera&search=Go">Encyclopedia of Life</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="span7_5 blahblahblah main" aria-role="main"> <h2 class="rank-order">Lepidoptera</h2> <div class="social-likes" data-counters="no"> <div class="facebook" title="Share link on Facebook">Facebook</div> <div class="twitter" title="Share link on Twitter">Twitter</div> </div> <div class="snapshots" aria-hidden="true"> <ul> <li> <a href="/accounts/Lepidoptera/pictures/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Crambidae/Desmia3782/"> <img alt=" " src="/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Crambidae/Desmia3782/button.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/accounts/Lepidoptera/pictures/collections/contributors/phil_myers/lepidoptera/Drepanidae/Drepana0513/"> <img alt=" " src="/collections/contributors/phil_myers/lepidoptera/Drepanidae/Drepana0513/button.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/accounts/Lepidoptera/pictures/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Nymphalidae/Danaus8085/"> <img alt=" " src="/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Nymphalidae/Danaus8085/button.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/accounts/Lepidoptera/pictures/collections/contributors/phil_myers/lepidoptera/Hesperiidae_M-Z/skipper9355/"> <img alt=" " src="/collections/contributors/phil_myers/lepidoptera/Hesperiidae_M-Z/skipper9355/button.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/accounts/Lepidoptera/pictures/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Crambidae/Crambus3058/"> <img alt=" " src="/collections/contributors/phil_myers/Crambidae/Crambus3058/button.jpg" border="0" /> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="byline">By Marie S. Harris</div> <div class="inner-wrap"> <section class="hyphenate"> <p>What makes a butterfly a butterfly? In common with many other insects, adult butterflies have antennae, compound eyes, three pairs of legs, a hard exoskeleton, and a body that is divided into three parts: the head, thorax, and the abdomen. Uniquely, a butterfly's outer body is covered by tiny sensory hairs and the wings are covered by scales.</p> <p>The head carries many sensory apparati for the butterfly. A butterfly's compound eye enables it to be aware of its immediate surroundings through a large angle. The pair of antennae are clubbed in most butterflies. On the underside of the head is the paired proboscis, which is used to suck nectar from flowers.</p> <p>The thorax consists of three segments with a pair of legs attached to each segment. The front pair of legs are non-functional and reduced in length in some families of butterflies. The thorax also contains the flight muscles, which are attached to the base of the wings. Internally, the thorax houses the large muscles that control the wings and legs.</p> <p>The abdomen contains the bulk of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs. At the end of the abdomen are the sexual apparati, which contain many characteristics used by taxonomists as an aid in identifying species.</p> <div id="life-cycle" class="section"> <h1> <a class="header">Life Cycle</a> </h1> <p>The life cycle of a butterfly includes four stages: egg, caterpillar or larva, pupa, and adult. The pupa stage is when butterflies undergo a complete metamorphosis. The time needed to complete the metamorphosis varies in each species.</p> <p>The reproduction process of the butterfly begins with two adults courting and then mating. After mating is complete, the female searches for a location to lay her eggs. It is essential that she finds a place where an appropriate food plant for her larvae is available. Females lay their eggs singly or in groups directly on the underside of the leaf or on the stem of the food plant. Butterfly eggs vary in color, but most tend to be white, green, or yellow, and then change color as the larva develops inside.</p> <p>When the eggs hatch, the caterpillar enters the first instar (stage of development). Most butterflies experience five instars over a period of three to six weeks. Each time the caterpillar grows bigger, it sheds its skin in a process called molting. After the fifth molting, the caterpillar is usually full grown. It then stops eating and searches for an acceptable place to pupate. It either spins a silken web to fasten the pupa on a firm base or a silken girdle to support the pupa from a stem or a twig. About ten days later, or the next spring for those that hibernate in the winter as pupae, the adult emerges, starting the cycle over.</p> </div> <div id="migration" class="section"> <h1> <a class="header">Migration</a> </h1> <p>Migration is found in over 200 butterfly species. Many migrate due to changing seasonal conditions, moving for example to areas that are experiencing a new flush of growth or to areas that are cooler and more moist. Other reasons for migration may include temporary overpopulation and the search for new larval host plants. Two of the most well known migrants are the <a class="taxon-link" href="/accounts/Danaus_plexippus/">Monarch (Danaus plexipppus)</a> and the <a class="taxon-link" href="/accounts/Vanessa_cardui/">Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui)</a>.</p> </div> <div id="conservation" class="section"> <h1> <a class="header">Conservation</a> </h1> <p>Butterflies are recently gaining attention as wildlife worthy of conservation efforts. Attempts to conserve and manage butterfly populations have been initiated by the Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973, as well as many state and provincial acts. Many local jurisdictions and conservation organizations have also taken action to promote the protection of butterflies whose populations are declining. With over 20,000 species of butterflies known, there are only two in the Great Lakes region of the United States that have gained federal protection: the <a class="taxon-link" href="/accounts/Lycaeides_melissa/">Karner Blue (Lycaeides melissa)</a> and <a class="taxon-link" href="/accounts/Neonympha_mitchellii/">Mitchell's satyr (Neonympha mitchellii)</a>.</p> </div> <div id="butterflies-skippers-and-moths" class="section"> <h1> <a class="header">Butterflies, skippers, and moths</a> </h1> <p>Butterflies, skipper, and moths make up the order Lepidoptera. What distinguishes a true butterfly from a skipper or a moth? In the past, butterflies were distinguished from moths in that they flew during the day, possessed clubbed antennae, were brightly colored, and lacked a frenulum (a wing coupling mechanism found in most moths). There is now a group of tropical American "moths," however, that are thought to be more closely related to butterflies than to moths despite being nocturnal and lacking the clubbed antennae of other butterflies. The classification of skippers has also changed. Traditionally, skippers were considered to be butterflies, but now they are considered to show more similarities to moths due to their small size, thick and hairy body, dull colors, and hooked antennae. These exceptions in the way Lepidoptera are classified suggest that the distinction made between butterflies and moths can be somewhat subjective.</p> </div> <div id="references" class="section"> <h1> <a class="header">References</a> </h1> <p>Emmel, Thomas, C.. Butterflies. Alfred A, Knopf, Inc., 1975.</p> <p>Feltwell, John. The Encyclopedia of Butterflies. Prentice Hall General Reference, 1993.</p> <p>Grzimek, Bernhard. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1975.</p> <p>Opler, Paul, A. A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992.</p> </div> <div id="related-sites" class="section"> <h1> <a class="header">Related sites</a> </h1> <p> <a class="reference external-link" href="http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/butterflies/endangered.html">Endangered Butterflies</a> </p> <p> <a class="reference external-link" href="http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Environment/NHR/lepidoptera.html">Electronic Resources on Lepidoptera</a> </p> </div> </section> <section class="hyphenate"> <h3 id="contributors">Contributors</h3> <p>Marie S. Harris (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. </p> </section> <section class="offscreen"> <h3 id="glossary">Glossary</h3> <div id="20020904145642"> <dl> <dt>bilateral symmetry</dt> <dd> <p>having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div id="20020916131519"> <dl> <dt>ectothermic</dt> <dd> <p>animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="span2_5 right sidebar"> <div class="well" id="pocket-guide-link"> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/adw-pocket-guide/id916179421?mt=8" target="_blank"><i class="icon-download icon-white" style="vertical-align: bottom"></i> ADW Pocket Guides on the iOS App Store! </a> <p>The Animal Diversity Web team is excited to announce ADW Pocket Guides!</p> <p> <a href="/news/5009059054038197651/">Read more...</a> </p> </div> <h2 class="offscreen">Search</h2> <div id="site-search"> <form action="/search" method="GET"> <label for="q" class="offscreen">Enter search text</label> <input value="" id="q" name="q" class="span12" size="15" type="text" placeholder="Search ADW" /> <button class="btn"> <i 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rank-species">Agraulis vanillae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Agraulis_vanillae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Agraulis vanillae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Agraulis vanillae: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Agraulis_vanillae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Agraulis vanillae: pictures (8)" data-delay="250">Agraulis vanillae: pictures (8)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Anartia_jatrophae/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Anartia jatrophae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Anartia_jatrophae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Anartia jatrophae: 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data-original-title="Antheraea polyphemus: pictures (12)" data-delay="250">Antheraea polyphemus: pictures (12)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Arctia_virginalis/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Arctia virginalis</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Arctia_virginalis/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Arctia virginalis: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Arctia virginalis: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Genus</span> <a href="/accounts/Asterocampa/" class="taxon-name rank-genus">Asterocampa</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Asterocampa/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Asterocampa: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Asterocampa: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Asterocampa/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Asterocampa: pictures (16)" data-delay="250">Asterocampa: pictures (16)</a> <a href="/accounts/Asterocampa/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Asterocampa: specimens (1)" data-delay="250">Asterocampa: specimens (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Atlides_halesus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Atlides halesus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Atlides_halesus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Atlides halesus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Atlides halesus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Atlides_halesus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Atlides halesus: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Atlides halesus: pictures (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Attacus_atlas/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Attacus atlas</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Attacus_atlas/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Attacus atlas: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Attacus atlas: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Attacus_atlas/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Attacus atlas: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Attacus atlas: pictures (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Automeris_io/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Automeris io</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Automeris_io/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Automeris io: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Automeris io: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Battus_philenor/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Battus philenor</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Battus_philenor/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Battus philenor: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Battus philenor: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Battus_philenor/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Battus philenor: pictures (17)" data-delay="250">Battus philenor: pictures (17)</a> <a href="/accounts/Battus_philenor/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Battus philenor: specimens (4)" data-delay="250">Battus philenor: specimens (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Bombyx_mori/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Bombyx mori</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Bombyx_mori/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Bombyx mori: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Bombyx mori: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Bombyx_mori/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Bombyx mori: pictures (4)" data-delay="250">Bombyx mori: pictures (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Colias_eurytheme/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Colias eurytheme</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Colias_eurytheme/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Colias eurytheme: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Colias eurytheme: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Colias_eurytheme/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Colias eurytheme: pictures (6)" data-delay="250">Colias eurytheme: pictures (6)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Colias_philodice/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Colias philodice</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Colias_philodice/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Colias philodice: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Colias philodice: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Colias_philodice/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Colias philodice: pictures (4)" data-delay="250">Colias philodice: pictures (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Cupido_comyntas/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Cupido comyntas</a> <span class="vernacular-name">eastern tailed-blue</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Cupido_comyntas/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Cupido comyntas: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Cupido comyntas: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Cupido_comyntas/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Cupido comyntas: pictures (14)" data-delay="250">Cupido comyntas: pictures (14)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Danaus_gilippus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Danaus gilippus</a> <span class="vernacular-name">the queen</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Danaus_gilippus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Danaus gilippus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Danaus gilippus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Danaus_gilippus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Danaus gilippus: pictures (8)" data-delay="250">Danaus gilippus: pictures (8)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Danaus_plexippus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Danaus plexippus</a> <span class="vernacular-name">monarch butterfly</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Danaus_plexippus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Danaus plexippus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Danaus plexippus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Danaus_plexippus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Danaus plexippus: pictures (23)" data-delay="250">Danaus plexippus: pictures (23)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Dryocampa_rubicunda/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Dryocampa rubicunda</a> <span class="vernacular-name">rosy maple moth</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Dryocampa_rubicunda/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Dryocampa rubicunda: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Dryocampa rubicunda: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Dryocampa_rubicunda/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Dryocampa rubicunda: pictures (6)" data-delay="250">Dryocampa rubicunda: pictures (6)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Epargyreus_clarus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Epargyreus clarus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Epargyreus_clarus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Epargyreus clarus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Epargyreus clarus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Epargyreus_clarus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Epargyreus clarus: pictures (9)" data-delay="250">Epargyreus clarus: pictures (9)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Erynnis_persius/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Erynnis persius</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Erynnis_persius/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Erynnis persius: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Erynnis persius: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Euphilotes_enoptes/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Euphilotes enoptes</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Euphilotes_enoptes/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Euphilotes enoptes: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Euphilotes enoptes: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Euphydryas_editha/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Euphydryas editha</a> <span class="vernacular-name">Edith's checkerspot</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Euphydryas_editha/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Euphydryas editha: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Euphydryas editha: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Euphyes_dukesi/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Euphyes dukesi</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Euphyes_dukesi/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Euphyes dukesi: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Euphyes dukesi: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Euphyes_dukesi/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Euphyes dukesi: pictures (2)" data-delay="250">Euphyes dukesi: pictures (2)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Eurytides_marcellus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Eurytides marcellus</a> <span class="vernacular-name">zebra swallowtail</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Eurytides_marcellus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Eurytides marcellus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Eurytides marcellus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Eurytides_marcellus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Eurytides marcellus: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Eurytides marcellus: pictures (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Eurytides_marcellus/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Eurytides marcellus: specimens (1)" data-delay="250">Eurytides marcellus: specimens (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Family</span> <a href="/accounts/Geometridae/" class="taxon-name rank-family">Geometridae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Geometridae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Geometridae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Geometridae: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Geometridae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Geometridae: pictures (486)" data-delay="250">Geometridae: pictures (486)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hemaris_thysbe/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hemaris thysbe</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hemaris_thysbe/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hemaris thysbe: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hemaris thysbe: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Hemaris_thysbe/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hemaris thysbe: pictures (8)" data-delay="250">Hemaris thysbe: pictures (8)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_leonardus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hesperia leonardus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_leonardus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hesperia leonardus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hesperia leonardus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_leonardus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hesperia leonardus: pictures (5)" data-delay="250">Hesperia leonardus: pictures (5)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_ottoe/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hesperia ottoe</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_ottoe/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hesperia ottoe: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hesperia ottoe: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_uncas/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hesperia uncas</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hesperia_uncas/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hesperia uncas: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hesperia uncas: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hyalophora_cecropia/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hyalophora cecropia</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hyalophora_cecropia/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hyalophora cecropia: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hyalophora cecropia: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Hyalophora_cecropia/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hyalophora cecropia: pictures (11)" data-delay="250">Hyalophora cecropia: pictures (11)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hylephila_phyleus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hylephila phyleus</a> <span class="vernacular-name">fiery skipper</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hylephila_phyleus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hylephila phyleus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hylephila phyleus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Hylephila_phyleus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hylephila phyleus: pictures (3)" data-delay="250">Hylephila phyleus: pictures (3)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Hyphantria_cunea/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Hyphantria cunea</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Hyphantria_cunea/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hyphantria cunea: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Hyphantria cunea: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Hyphantria_cunea/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Hyphantria cunea: pictures (5)" data-delay="250">Hyphantria cunea: pictures (5)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Junonia_coenia/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Junonia coenia</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Junonia_coenia/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Junonia coenia: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Junonia coenia: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Junonia_coenia/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Junonia coenia: pictures (8)" data-delay="250">Junonia coenia: pictures (8)</a> <a href="/accounts/Junonia_coenia/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Junonia coenia: specimens (4)" data-delay="250">Junonia coenia: specimens (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Leptarctia_californiae/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Leptarctia californiae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Leptarctia_californiae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Leptarctia californiae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Leptarctia californiae: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Genus</span> <a href="/accounts/Limenitis/" class="taxon-name rank-genus">Limenitis</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Limenitis/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Limenitis: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="3">Limenitis: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Limenitis/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Limenitis: pictures (31)" data-delay="250">Limenitis: pictures (31)</a> <a href="/accounts/Limenitis/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Limenitis: specimens (8)" data-delay="250">Limenitis: specimens (8)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Litocala_sexsignata/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Litocala sexsignata</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Litocala_sexsignata/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Litocala sexsignata: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Litocala sexsignata: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Lobesia_botrana/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Lobesia botrana</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Lobesia_botrana/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lobesia botrana: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Lobesia botrana: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Lophocampa_maculata/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Lophocampa maculata</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Lophocampa_maculata/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lophocampa maculata: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Lophocampa maculata: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Lophocampa_maculata/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lophocampa maculata: pictures (2)" data-delay="250">Lophocampa maculata: pictures (2)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Lycaeides_melissa/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Lycaeides melissa</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Lycaeides_melissa/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lycaeides melissa: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Lycaeides melissa: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Lycaeides_melissa/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lycaeides melissa: pictures (3)" data-delay="250">Lycaeides melissa: pictures (3)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Lycaena_phlaeas/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Lycaena phlaeas</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Lycaena_phlaeas/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lycaena phlaeas: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Lycaena phlaeas: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Lycaena_phlaeas/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lycaena phlaeas: pictures (7)" data-delay="250">Lycaena phlaeas: pictures (7)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Lycaena_rubidus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Lycaena rubidus</a> <span class="vernacular-name">ruddy copper</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Lycaena_rubidus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lycaena rubidus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Lycaena rubidus: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Lymantria_dispar/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Lymantria dispar</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Lymantria_dispar/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lymantria dispar: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Lymantria dispar: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Lymantria_dispar/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Lymantria dispar: pictures (12)" data-delay="250">Lymantria dispar: pictures (12)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Malacosoma_americanum/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Malacosoma americanum</a> <span class="vernacular-name">eastern tent caterpillar moth</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Malacosoma_americanum/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Malacosoma americanum: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Malacosoma americanum: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Malacosoma_americanum/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Malacosoma americanum: pictures (17)" data-delay="250">Malacosoma americanum: pictures (17)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Neonympha_mitchellii/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Neonympha mitchellii</a> <span class="vernacular-name">Mitchell's satyr</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Neonympha_mitchellii/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Neonympha mitchellii: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Neonympha mitchellii: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Noctua_pronuba/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Noctua pronuba</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Noctua_pronuba/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Noctua pronuba: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Noctua pronuba: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Noctua_pronuba/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Noctua pronuba: pictures (18)" data-delay="250">Noctua pronuba: pictures (18)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_antiopa/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Nymphalis antiopa</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_antiopa/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Nymphalis antiopa: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Nymphalis antiopa: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_antiopa/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Nymphalis antiopa: pictures (8)" data-delay="250">Nymphalis antiopa: pictures (8)</a> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_antiopa/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Nymphalis antiopa: specimens (1)" data-delay="250">Nymphalis antiopa: specimens (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_lalbum/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Nymphalis l-album</a> <span class="vernacular-name">Compton tortoiseshell</span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_lalbum/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Nymphalis l-album: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Nymphalis l-album: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_lalbum/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Nymphalis l-album: pictures (4)" data-delay="250">Nymphalis l-album: pictures (4)</a> <a href="/accounts/Nymphalis_lalbum/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Nymphalis l-album: specimens (2)" data-delay="250">Nymphalis l-album: specimens (2)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Oeneis_uhleri/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Oeneis uhleri</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Oeneis_uhleri/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Oeneis uhleri: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Oeneis uhleri: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_anchisiades/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio anchisiades</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_anchisiades/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio anchisiades: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio anchisiades: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_anchisiades/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio anchisiades: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Papilio anchisiades: pictures (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_glaucus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio glaucus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_glaucus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio glaucus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio glaucus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_glaucus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio glaucus: pictures (23)" data-delay="250">Papilio glaucus: pictures (23)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_glaucus/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio glaucus: specimens (7)" data-delay="250">Papilio glaucus: specimens (7)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_machaon/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio machaon</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_machaon/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio machaon: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio machaon: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polytes/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio polytes</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polytes/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio polytes: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio polytes: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polytes/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio polytes: pictures (2)" data-delay="250">Papilio polytes: pictures (2)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polyxenes/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio polyxenes</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polyxenes/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio polyxenes: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio polyxenes: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polyxenes/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio polyxenes: pictures (35)" data-delay="250">Papilio polyxenes: pictures (35)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_polyxenes/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio polyxenes: specimens (3)" data-delay="250">Papilio polyxenes: specimens (3)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_troilus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio troilus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_troilus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio troilus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio troilus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_troilus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio troilus: pictures (28)" data-delay="250">Papilio troilus: pictures (28)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_troilus/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio troilus: specimens (3)" data-delay="250">Papilio troilus: specimens (3)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_zelicaon/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Papilio zelicaon</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_zelicaon/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio zelicaon: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Papilio zelicaon: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Papilio_zelicaon/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Papilio zelicaon: pictures (4)" data-delay="250">Papilio zelicaon: pictures (4)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Phoebis_philea/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Phoebis philea</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Phoebis_philea/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Phoebis philea: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Phoebis philea: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Phyciodes_campestris/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Phyciodes campestris</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Phyciodes_campestris/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Phyciodes campestris: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Phyciodes campestris: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Phyciodes_tharos/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Phyciodes tharos</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Phyciodes_tharos/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Phyciodes tharos: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Phyciodes tharos: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Phyciodes_tharos/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Phyciodes tharos: pictures (9)" data-delay="250">Phyciodes tharos: pictures (9)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Pieris_rapae/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Pieris rapae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Pieris_rapae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Pieris rapae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Pieris rapae: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Pieris_rapae/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Pieris rapae: pictures (12)" data-delay="250">Pieris rapae: pictures (12)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Polites_peckius/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Polites peckius</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Polites_peckius/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polites peckius: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Polites peckius: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Polites_peckius/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polites peckius: pictures (10)" data-delay="250">Polites peckius: pictures (10)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Polites_sabuleti/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Polites sabuleti</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Polites_sabuleti/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polites sabuleti: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Polites sabuleti: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_comma/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Polygonia comma</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_comma/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia comma: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Polygonia comma: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_comma/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia comma: pictures (6)" data-delay="250">Polygonia comma: pictures (6)</a> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_comma/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia comma: specimens (1)" data-delay="250">Polygonia comma: specimens (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_interrogationis/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Polygonia interrogationis</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_interrogationis/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia interrogationis: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Polygonia interrogationis: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_interrogationis/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia interrogationis: pictures (11)" data-delay="250">Polygonia interrogationis: pictures (11)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_progne/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Polygonia progne</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_progne/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia progne: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Polygonia progne: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Polygonia_progne/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Polygonia progne: pictures (5)" data-delay="250">Polygonia progne: pictures (5)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Pontia_protodice/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Pontia protodice</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Pontia_protodice/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Pontia protodice: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Pontia protodice: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Pontia_protodice/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Pontia protodice: pictures (7)" data-delay="250">Pontia protodice: pictures (7)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Pyrgus_centaureae/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Pyrgus centaureae</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Pyrgus_centaureae/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Pyrgus centaureae: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Pyrgus centaureae: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_aphrodite/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Speyeria aphrodite</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_aphrodite/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria aphrodite: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Speyeria aphrodite: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_aphrodite/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria aphrodite: pictures (9)" data-delay="250">Speyeria aphrodite: pictures (9)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_cybele/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Speyeria cybele</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_cybele/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria cybele: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Speyeria cybele: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_cybele/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria cybele: pictures (17)" data-delay="250">Speyeria cybele: pictures (17)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_idalia/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Speyeria idalia</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_idalia/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria idalia: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Speyeria idalia: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_idalia/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria idalia: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Speyeria idalia: pictures (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Speyeria_idalia/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Speyeria idalia: specimens (1)" data-delay="250">Speyeria idalia: specimens (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Genus</span> <a href="/accounts/Spodoptera/" class="taxon-name rank-genus">Spodoptera</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Spodoptera/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Spodoptera: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="2">Spodoptera: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Spodoptera/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Spodoptera: pictures (10)" data-delay="250">Spodoptera: pictures (10)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Strymon_melinus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Strymon melinus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Strymon_melinus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Strymon melinus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Strymon melinus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Strymon_melinus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Strymon melinus: pictures (8)" data-delay="250">Strymon melinus: pictures (8)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Syntomeida_epilais/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Syntomeida epilais</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Syntomeida_epilais/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Syntomeida epilais: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Syntomeida epilais: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Syntomeida_epilais/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Syntomeida epilais: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Syntomeida epilais: pictures (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Urbanus_proteus/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Urbanus proteus</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Urbanus_proteus/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Urbanus proteus: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Urbanus proteus: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Urbanus_proteus/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Urbanus proteus: pictures (1)" data-delay="250">Urbanus proteus: pictures (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_atalanta/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Vanessa atalanta</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_atalanta/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vanessa atalanta: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Vanessa atalanta: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_atalanta/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vanessa atalanta: pictures (10)" data-delay="250">Vanessa atalanta: pictures (10)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_cardui/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Vanessa cardui</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_cardui/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vanessa cardui: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Vanessa cardui: information (1)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_cardui/pictures/" class="feature feature-pictures" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vanessa cardui: pictures (9)" data-delay="250">Vanessa cardui: pictures (9)</a> <a href="/accounts/Vanessa_cardui/specimens/" class="feature feature-specimens" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Vanessa cardui: specimens (3)" data-delay="250">Vanessa cardui: specimens (3)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> <li> <span class="rank">Species</span> <a href="/accounts/Zerene_eurydice/" class="taxon-name rank-species">Zerene eurydice</a> <span class="vernacular-name"></span> <div class="features"> <a href="/accounts/Zerene_eurydice/" class="feature feature-information" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="Zerene eurydice: information (1)" data-delay="250" data-total="1">Zerene eurydice: information (1)</a> <span class="feature-off feature-pictures"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-specimens"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-sounds"></span> <span class="feature-off feature-maps"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" aria-role="contentinfo"> <div class="inner-footer"> <div class="page-citation"> <p class="content">To cite this page: Harris, M. 2002. "Lepidoptera" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed February 26, 2025 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lepidoptera/</p> </div> <div class="disclaimer"> <p class="content"><strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The Animal Diversity Web is an educational resource <strong>written largely by and for college students</strong>. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. While ADW staff and contributors provide references to books and websites that we believe are reputable, we cannot necessarily endorse the contents of references beyond our control. </p> </div> <div class="footer-links"> <ul class="unstyled"> <li><a href="https://www.umich.edu/">U-M Gateway</a> | <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/ummz/">U-M Museum of Zoology</a></li> <li> <a href="https://lsa.umich.edu/eeb/">U-M Ecology and Evolutionary Biology</a> </li> <li> 漏 2020 Regents of the University of Michigan </li> <li><a href="/feedback/error_form/">Report Error</a> / <a href="/feedback/comment_form/">Comment</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="thanks-links"> <p>This material is based upon work supported by the <a href="https://nsf.gov">National Science Foundation</a> Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. Additional support has come from the Marisla Foundation, UM College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Museum of Zoology, and Information and Technology Services. </p> <p> The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. </p> </div> </div> </div> <script></script> </div> <script src="/static/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script> <script src="/static/js/pica.information.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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ADW: Lepidoptera: INFORMATION