CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html class="b-reith-sans-font b-pw-1280 no-touch reith-sans-font reith-serif-font" data-react-helmet="class,lang,style" lang="en" style="--language-a11y:#0a8b44;--navitem-feature-color:#be1a64;--navitem-hover:#d15e92;--panel-1:#4c0a28;--panel-1-heading:#ffffff;--panel-1-text:#eeeeee;--panel-2:#be1a64;--panel-2-heading:#ffffff;--panel-2-text:#eeeeee;--panel-3:#e5a3c1;--panel-3-heading:#0e0e0e;--panel-3-text:#363636;--panel-4:#ffffff;--panel-4-heading:#0e0e0e;--panel-4-text:#363636"><head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/my-copyright","20201016055657","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1602827817"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"><meta content="IE=edge" httpequiv="X-UA-Compatible"><meta content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1" name="viewport"><link href="/web/20201016055657cs_/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/src.33635fb3.css" rel="stylesheet"><style type="text/css"></style><style type="text/css">.Icon-module_root__1cvt6{display:block;width:1rem;height:auto}.Icon-module_loading__3iEKj{-webkit-animation:Icon-module_rotating__3L2oJ 1s linear infinite;animation:Icon-module_rotating__3L2oJ 1s linear infinite}@-webkit-keyframes Icon-module_rotating__3L2oJ{0%{transform:rotate(0)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes Icon-module_rotating__3L2oJ{0%{transform:rotate(0)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}.HelperText-module_root__22E6w{display:block;margin-top:.25rem;margin-bottom:.5rem;padding:0 .2rem;color:#6b6b6b;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem;text-transform:uppercase}@media (min-width:25em){.HelperText-module_root__22E6w{font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.HelperText-module_root__22E6w{font-size:12px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem}}.HelperText-module_root__22E6w.HelperText-module_error__3JjPx{color:#d4351c}.HelperText-module_root__22E6w.HelperText-module_disabled__1xmjD{color:var(--input-disabled)}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d{position:absolute;top:2rem;left:.2rem;color:#6b6b6b;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem;transform-origin:top left;transition:color .2s ease-out;cursor:inherit}@media (min-width:25em){.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d{font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d{font-size:21px;font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:24px;line-height:1.5rem}}.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d.InputLabel-module_animate__Jismi{transition:transform .2s ease-out,color .2s ease-out}.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d.InputLabel-module_disabled__19nkN{color:silver}.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d.InputLabel-module_focused__Qe-hC{color:#20619d}.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d.InputLabel-module_error__2GDxz{color:#d4351c}.InputLabel-module_root__2_N7d.InputLabel-module_shrink__3Irif{transform:translate(0,-1.25rem) scale(.75)}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}:root{--language-background:#ffffff;--language-border:#c0c0c0;--language-color:#0e0e0e;--language-select-bg:#ffffff;--language-a11y:#ff9000}.Language-module_root__3xDCw{background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:var(--language-background);border-bottom:1px solid silver;border-bottom:1px solid silver;border-bottom:1px solid silver;border-bottom:1px solid silver;border-bottom:1px solid var(--language-border)}.Language-module_wrap__29IYh{max-width:1008px;margin:0 auto;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:25em){.Language-module_wrap__29IYh{padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px}}@media (min-width:80em){.Language-module_wrap__29IYh{max-width:1280px}}.Language-module_layout__2fMn-{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end}.Language-module_label__4qz3l{margin-right:.75rem;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:var(--language-color);font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem}@media (min-width:25em){.Language-module_label__4qz3l{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Language-module_label__4qz3l{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem}}.Language-module_selectWrap__3NGgA{position:relative;display:inline-block;padding:.5rem .75rem;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:var(--language-select-bg);color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:var(--language-color);box-sizing:border-box}.Language-module_selectWrap__3NGgA::after{content:'';position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:0;background-color:#ff9000;background-color:#ff9000;background-color:#ff9000;background-color:#ff9000;background-color:var(--language-a11y);z-index:10}.Language-module_selectWrap__3NGgA[focus-within]::after{height:5px}.Language-module_selectWrap__3NGgA[focus-within]::after{height:5px}.Language-module_selectWrap__3NGgA:focus-within::after{height:5px}.Language-module_select__1Fo8O{width:8rem;padding-right:1.5rem;background-color:transparent;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:var(--language-color);font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;border:0;outline:0;box-sizing:border-box;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none}@media (min-width:25em){.Language-module_select__1Fo8O{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Language-module_select__1Fo8O{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem}}.Language-module_select__1Fo8O::-ms-expand{display:none}.Language-module_select__1Fo8O::-moz-focus-inner,.Language-module_select__1Fo8O:focus{outline:0;border:0}.Language-module_select__1Fo8O:-moz-focusring{color:transparent;text-shadow:0 0 0 #0e0e0e;text-shadow:0 0 0 #0e0e0e;text-shadow:0 0 0 #0e0e0e;text-shadow:0 0 0 #0e0e0e;text-shadow:0 0 0 var(--language-color)}.Language-module_select__1Fo8O option:not(:checked){color:#000}.Language-module_icon__2cgb3{position:absolute;top:50%;right:.75rem;width:12px;height:12px;fill:currentColor;transform:translateY(-50%);pointer-events:none}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}:root{--navitem-a11y:#ff9000;--navitem-color:#363636;--navitem-active:#0e0e0e;--navitem-hover:#20619d;--navitem-feature-color:#20619d}.NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ{position:relative;margin-bottom:.5rem;padding-top:.5rem;padding-bottom:.5rem;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:var(--navitem-color)}@media (min-width:56.25em){.NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}}.NavItem-module_page__35AOT{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem}@media (min-width:25em){.NavItem-module_page__35AOT{font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.NavItem-module_page__35AOT{font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem}}.NavItem-module_pageActive__2gcl8{font-weight:600;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:var(--navitem-active)}.NavItem-module_pageActive__2gcl8::before{position:absolute;top:0;left:-.75rem;width:4px;height:100%;background-color:#20619d;background-color:#20619d;background-color:#20619d;background-color:#20619d;background-color:var(--navitem-feature-color);content:''}.NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem;padding-left:1rem}@media (min-width:25em){.NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w{font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w{font-size:13px;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:16px;line-height:1rem}}.NavItem-module_anchorActive__3yxk9{font-weight:600}.NavItem-module_link__3aQq7,.NavItem-module_link__3aQq7:visited{color:currentColor;text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s ease-out}.NavItem-module_link__3aQq7:focus,.NavItem-module_link__3aQq7:hover,.NavItem-module_link__3aQq7:visited:focus,.NavItem-module_link__3aQq7:visited:hover{color:#20619d;color:#20619d;color:#20619d;color:#20619d;color:var(--navitem-hover);text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}:root{--textfield-default:#0e0e0e;--textfield-primary:#20619d;--textfield-placeholder:#6b6b6b;--textfield-disabled:#c0c0c0}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI{position:relative}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI::after,.TextField-module_root__9tfCI::before{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;pointer-events:none;content:''}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI::before{border-bottom:1px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:1px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:1px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:1px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:1px solid var(--textfield-default)}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI::after{border-bottom:3px solid #20619d;border-bottom:3px solid #20619d;border-bottom:3px solid #20619d;border-bottom:3px solid #20619d;border-bottom:3px solid var(--textfield-primary);transform:scaleX(0);transform-origin:left;transition:border-color .2s ease-out,transform .2s ease-out}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI:hover::before{border-bottom:2px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:2px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:2px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:2px solid #0e0e0e;border-bottom:2px solid var(--textfield-default)}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI.TextField-module_disabled__rEb_E::before{border-bottom:1px dashed silver;border-bottom:1px dashed silver;border-bottom:1px dashed silver;border-bottom:1px dashed silver;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--textfield-disabled)}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI.TextField-module_focus__13cLL:not(.TextField-module_disabled__rEb_E)::after{transform:scaleX(1)}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI.TextField-module_focus__13cLL:not(.TextField-module_disabled__rEb_E) .TextField-module_input__32c9b::placeholder{opacity:1}.TextField-module_root__9tfCI.TextField-module_error__3w5zn:not(.TextField-module_disabled__rEb_E)::after,.TextField-module_root__9tfCI.TextField-module_error__3w5zn:not(.TextField-module_disabled__rEb_E)::before{border-color:#d4351c}.TextField-module_input__32c9b,.TextField-module_select__2mtRS{width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:.5rem;background-color:transparent;font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;border:0;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:25em){.TextField-module_input__32c9b,.TextField-module_select__2mtRS{font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.TextField-module_input__32c9b,.TextField-module_select__2mtRS{font-size:21px;font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:24px;line-height:1.5rem}}.TextField-module_input__32c9b:focus,.TextField-module_select__2mtRS:focus{outline:0}.TextField-module_input__32c9b:invalid,.TextField-module_select__2mtRS:invalid{box-shadow:none}.TextField-module_input__32c9b{padding-right:.2rem;padding-left:.2rem;resize:none}.TextField-module_input__32c9b::placeholder{opacity:0;color:#6b6b6b;color:#6b6b6b;color:#6b6b6b;color:#6b6b6b;color:var(--textfield-placeholder);transition:opacity .1s ease}.TextField-module_select__2mtRS{padding-right:2rem;padding-left:3px;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none}.TextField-module_icon__KbWAP{position:absolute;right:.5rem;bottom:.75rem;pointer-events:none}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}:root{--panel-1:#0c263e;--panel-1-heading:#ffffff;--panel-1-text:#eeeeee;--panel-2:#20619d;--panel-2-heading:#ffffff;--panel-2-text:#eeeeee;--panel-3:#a5bfd7;--panel-3-heading:#0e0e0e;--panel-3-text:#363636;--panel-4:#ffffff;--panel-4-heading:#0e0e0e;--panel-4-text:#363636}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs{position:relative}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+1){background-color:#0c263e;background-color:#0c263e;background-color:#0c263e;background-color:#0c263e;background-color:var(--panel-1)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+2){background-color:#20619d;background-color:#20619d;background-color:#20619d;background-color:#20619d;background-color:var(--panel-2)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+3){background-color:#a5bfd7;background-color:#a5bfd7;background-color:#a5bfd7;background-color:#a5bfd7;background-color:var(--panel-3)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+4){background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:#fff;background-color:var(--panel-4)}.Panel-module_inner__3VCuJ{max-width:1008px;margin:0 auto;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:25em){.Panel-module_inner__3VCuJ{padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px}}@media (min-width:80em){.Panel-module_inner__3VCuJ{max-width:1280px}}.Panel-module_content__2-cEA{list-style:none;direction:ltr;text-align:left;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-grow:1;flex-grow:1;margin-right:0;margin-left:-8px;padding-right:0;padding-left:0}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_content__2-cEA{margin-left:-16px}}.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL{width:100%;display:inline-block;padding-left:8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;justify-content:center;padding-top:2rem}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL{padding-left:16px}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL{width:50%;padding-bottom:2rem}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(odd) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL{order:2}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(even) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL{text-align:right}}.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;display:flex;align-items:center;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:24px;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:800;width:100%;margin-top:0}@media (min-width:25em){.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:28px;line-height:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;line-height:36px;line-height:2.25rem}}.article-standard>.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M:first-child{margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+1) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{color:#fff;color:#fff;color:#fff;color:#fff;color:var(--panel-1-heading)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+2) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{color:#fff;color:#fff;color:#fff;color:#fff;color:var(--panel-2-heading)}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+2) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{justify-content:flex-end}}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+3) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:var(--panel-3-heading)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+4) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:#0e0e0e;color:var(--panel-4-heading)}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+4) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_title__bCe_M{justify-content:flex-end}}.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_text__1yG4U>p{width:100%}.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_text__1yG4U>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+1) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_text__1yG4U{color:#eee;color:#eee;color:#eee;color:#eee;color:var(--panel-1-text)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+2) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_text__1yG4U{color:#eee;color:#eee;color:#eee;color:#eee;color:var(--panel-2-text)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+3) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_text__1yG4U{color:#363636;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:var(--panel-3-text)}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(4n+4) .Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_text__1yG4U{color:#363636;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:#363636;color:var(--panel-4-text)}.Panel-module_textWrap__3USWL .Panel-module_button__3utv0{margin-top:2rem}.Panel-module_imageWrap__34aDs{width:100%;display:inline-block;padding-left:8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;justify-content:center;padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:2rem}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_imageWrap__34aDs{padding-left:16px}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Panel-module_imageWrap__34aDs{width:50%}.Panel-module_root__3SPCs:nth-of-type(odd) .Panel-module_imageWrap__34aDs{order:1}}.Panel-module_imageWrap__34aDs.Panel-module_alignBottom__-Kd4M{justify-content:flex-end;padding-top:4rem;padding-bottom:0}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}:root{--sidenav-border:#dcdcdc}.SideNav-module_root__69OOd{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-left:-.5rem;z-index:10}@media (min-width:25em){.SideNav-module_root__69OOd{margin-left:-1rem}}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_root__69OOd{width:25%;position:relative;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0}}.SideNav-module_content__1QSpR{width:calc(100% + (.5rem * 2));background-color:#ededed;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:25em){.SideNav-module_content__1QSpR{width:calc(100% + (1rem * 2))}}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_content__1QSpR{width:100%;padding:.75rem 0;padding-top:0;background-color:transparent}}.SideNav-module_header__22Ri7{position:relative;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:center;padding:.75rem .5rem;color:#0e0e0e}@media (min-width:25em){.SideNav-module_header__22Ri7{padding:.75rem 1rem}}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_header__22Ri7{padding:0}}.SideNav-module_icon__2qR4R{display:block;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-right:1rem;fill:currentColor}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_icon__2qR4R{display:none}}.SideNav-module_icon__2qR4R.SideNav-module_down__2vaja{margin-right:0;transform:rotate(0);transition:transform .2s ease-out}.SideNav-module_icon__2qR4R.SideNav-module_open__euPkH{transform:rotate(180deg)}.SideNav-module_button__2kH1l{margin-left:auto;background-color:transparent;cursor:pointer}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_button__2kH1l{display:none}}.SideNav-module_button__2kH1l::after{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;content:''}.SideNav-module_title__1tIwv{position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-top:.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:25em){.SideNav-module_title__1tIwv{font-size:18px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.SideNav-module_title__1tIwv{font-size:21px;font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:24px;line-height:1.5rem}}.SideNav-module_title__1tIwv:first-child{margin-top:0}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_title__1tIwv{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem}}.SideNav-module_links__1u1uP{display:none;padding:.75rem .5rem;max-height:calc(100vh - (.75rem *2) - 1rem);overflow:auto;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:25em){.SideNav-module_links__1u1uP{padding:.75rem 1rem}}@media (min-width:56.25em){.SideNav-module_links__1u1uP{display:block;margin-top:.75rem;padding:0;padding-right:1rem;padding-left:.75rem;overflow:visible;overflow:initial}}.SideNav-module_links__1u1uP.SideNav-module_open__euPkH{display:block}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}.SwitchInput-module_root__3_HbX{position:relative;display:inline-flex;flex-shrink:0;width:56px;height:37px;box-sizing:border-box;z-index:0}.SwitchInput-module_input__YSxed{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;opacity:0;outline:0;width:100%;z-index:1;cursor:pointer}.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv{position:relative;display:block;display:none;width:56px;height:34px;padding:4px;border-radius:calc(56px / 2);background-color:#d6d6d6;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:border-box}.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv::after,.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv::before{content:'';position:absolute;display:block}.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv::before{top:2px;right:2px;bottom:2px;left:2px;border-radius:calc(56px - 2px / 2);transition:background .4s}.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv::after{top:4px;bottom:4px;left:4px;width:26px;height:26px;background-color:#fff;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:0 .2em .3em -.1em rgba(14,14,14,.5);transition:margin .2s}.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv .SwitchInput-module_icon__3Q7l8{position:relative;width:1rem;height:auto;margin:0;margin-top:1px;padding:3px;fill:transparent;z-index:1;box-sizing:content-box;transition:margin .2s,fill .4s}.SwitchInput-module_input__YSxed:checked+.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv,.SwitchInput-module_input__YSxed:checked+.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv:before{background-color:green}.SwitchInput-module_input__YSxed:checked+.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv:after{margin-left:calc(56px - 26px - (4px * 2))}.SwitchInput-module_input__YSxed:checked+.SwitchInput-module_toggle__3p0Yv .SwitchInput-module_icon__3Q7l8{fill:green;margin-left:23px}.SwitchInput-module_labelRoot__3uox8{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;flex:0 0 auto;display:inline-flex;margin:0;padding:2px;background-color:transparent;transition:transform 150ms cubic-bezier(.4,0,0,0);transform:translateX(0)}.SwitchInput-module_labelRoot__3uox8.SwitchInput-module_checked__gvBa8{transform:translateX(50%)}.SwitchInput-module_label__2_GfI{display:flex;width:100%;color:#fff}.SwitchInput-module_thumb__1ikye{width:calc(37px - (2px * 2));height:calc(37px - (2px * 2));background-color:currentColor;box-shadow:0 .2em .3em -.1em rgba(14,14,14,.5);border-radius:50%}.SwitchInput-module_altIcon__2LS2B{fill:transparent;width:100%;height:100%;padding:6px;box-sizing:border-box}.SwitchInput-module_checked__gvBa8 .SwitchInput-module_altIcon__2LS2B{fill:#0b8a0d}.SwitchInput-module_track__28D0K{width:100%;height:100%;background-color:#d6d6d6;border-radius:18.5px;transition:background-color 150ms cubic-bezier(.4,0,0,0)}.SwitchInput-module_track__28D0K.SwitchInput-module_checked__gvBa8{background-color:#0b8a0d}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}.Switch-module_root__yT4Ed{display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;padding-top:1rem;border-top:1px solid #d6d6d6;box-sizing:border-box}.Switch-module_helpColumn__3biyW{flex:0 1 auto;width:75%;margin-right:1.5rem}.Switch-module_helpColumn__3biyW p{width:100%}.Switch-module_label__1T2Mm{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:20px;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.5rem}@media (min-width:25em){.Switch-module_label__1T2Mm{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Switch-module_label__1T2Mm{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:22px;line-height:1.375rem}}.Switch-module_helper__3Q0rA{font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:25em){.Switch-module_helper__3Q0rA{font-size:15px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Switch-module_helper__3Q0rA{font-size:14px;font-size:.875rem;line-height:18px;line-height:1.125rem}}</style><style type="text/css">:root{--ise-link-color:#20619d;--ise-link-visited-color:#5e3990;--ise-link-hover-color:#0c263e;--ise-link-active-color:#20619d;--ise-link-highlight-bg:#ff9000}:root{--ise-heading-rule:#20619d}.Hero-module_root__2zPVs{position:relative;display:block;margin-bottom:0}@media (min-width:56.25em){.Hero-module_root__2zPVs{margin-bottom:2rem}}.Hero-module_root__2zPVs.Hero-module_rootOverlay__3YHAT{margin-bottom:2rem;overflow:hidden}.Hero-module_image__iAqMK{display:block}.Hero-module_playerWrap__VQHyi{width:100%;display:inline-block;padding-left:8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transform:scale(0);transition:opacity .8s ease-out 1.2s;z-index:-1}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Hero-module_playerWrap__VQHyi{padding-left:16px}}.Hero-module_imageOverlay__37b7Z{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;background-color:#000}.Hero-module_imageOverlay__37b7Z .Hero-module_overlay__1xpEq{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);z-index:9}.Hero-module_imageOverlay__37b7Z .Hero-module_image__iAqMK{opacity:1;z-index:8;transition:opacity .6s ease-out}@supports (object-fit:cover){.Hero-module_imageOverlay__37b7Z .Hero-module_image__iAqMK{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}}.Hero-module_imageOverlay__37b7Z .Hero-module_ieImage__2YSmu{display:none}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none),(-ms-high-contrast:active){.Hero-module_imageOverlay__37b7Z .Hero-module_ieImage__2YSmu{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-{max-width:1008px;margin:0 auto;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;position:relative;z-index:10}@media (min-width:25em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-{padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px}}@media (min-width:80em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-{max-width:1280px}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_layout__3cdDo{list-style:none;direction:ltr;text-align:left;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-grow:1;flex-grow:1;margin-right:0;margin-left:-8px;padding-right:0;padding-left:0;position:relative;height:100%;padding-bottom:0}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_layout__3cdDo{margin-left:-16px}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_content__3P-H0{width:100%;display:inline-block;padding-left:8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_content__3P-H0{padding-left:16px}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_title__37pav{position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-bottom:0;font-size:28px;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:32px;line-height:2rem;font-weight:800}@media (min-width:25em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_title__37pav{font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;line-height:36px;line-height:2.25rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_title__37pav{font-size:44px;font-size:2.75rem;line-height:48px;line-height:3rem}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_description__JtJjV{display:block;margin-top:.5rem;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:24px;line-height:1.5rem}@media (min-width:25em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_description__JtJjV{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:24px;line-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:37.5em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_description__JtJjV{font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;line-height:30px;line-height:1.875rem}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- .Hero-module_cta__3PgrC{display:block;margin-top:1rem}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_noOverlay__1HuQE{padding-top:1.5rem;color:#363636}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_noOverlay__1HuQE .Hero-module_content__3P-H0{padding-bottom:2rem}@media (min-width:56.25em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_noOverlay__1HuQE .Hero-module_content__3P-H0::after{content:'';position:absolute;bottom:0;display:block;width:calc(100% - 1rem);height:1px;background-color:silver}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_overlay__1xpEq .Hero-module_title__37pav{color:#fff}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_overlay__1xpEq .Hero-module_content__3P-H0{padding-top:7rem;padding-bottom:7rem;opacity:1;transition:opacity .5s ease-out}@media (min-width:63em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_overlay__1xpEq .Hero-module_content__3P-H0{padding-top:9rem;padding-bottom:9rem}}@media (min-width:80em){.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_overlay__1xpEq .Hero-module_content__3P-H0{padding-top:13rem;padding-bottom:13rem}}.Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR-.Hero-module_overlay__1xpEq .Hero-module_description__JtJjV{color:#eee}</style><style data-styled="active" data-styled-version="5.1.0">h1.eCfnDv{margin-bottom:0;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2rem;font-weight:700;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h1.eCfnDv{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h1.eCfnDv{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:3rem}}h2.eCfnDv{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-webkit-flex!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h2.eCfnDv{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h2.eCfnDv{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}h2.eCfnDv:first-of-type{margin-top:0}h3.eCfnDv{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h3.eCfnDv{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h3.eCfnDv{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem}}h4.eCfnDv{margin-top:.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h4.eCfnDv{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h4.eCfnDv{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}p.eCfnDv{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){p.eCfnDv{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){p.eCfnDv{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media screen and (min-width:900px){p.eCfnDv{width:75%}}ol.eCfnDv,ul.eCfnDv{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:400px){ol.eCfnDv,ul.eCfnDv{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){ol.eCfnDv,ul.eCfnDv{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media screen and (min-width:900px){ol.eCfnDv,ul.eCfnDv{width:75%}}ol.eCfnDv>li,ul.eCfnDv>li{margin-bottom:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}ul.eCfnDv{list-style:initial}ol.eCfnDv{list-style:decimal}table.eCfnDv{display:table;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;text-align:left;color:#363636}@media screen and (min-width:900px){table.eCfnDv{width:75%}}table.eCfnDv td,table.eCfnDv th{padding:.5rem .75rem}table.eCfnDv thead{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:600;color:#0e0e0e;border-bottom:2px solid #be1a64}@media (min-width:400px){table.eCfnDv thead{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:600px){table.eCfnDv thead{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}table.eCfnDv tbody{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){table.eCfnDv tbody{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){table.eCfnDv tbody{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}table.eCfnDv tbody tr{border-top:1px solid silver}table.eCfnDv tbody tr:nth-of-type(even){background:#eee}table.eCfnDv tbody tr:hover{background:#d6d6d6}table.eCfnDv tfoot{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:600;color:#0e0e0e;border-top:2px solid #be1a64}@media (min-width:400px){table.eCfnDv tfoot{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){table.eCfnDv tfoot{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}a.eCfnDv,ol.eCfnDv a,p.eCfnDv a,table.eCfnDv a,ul.eCfnDv a{color:#be1a64;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline}a.eCfnDv:link,ol.eCfnDv a:link,p.eCfnDv a:link,table.eCfnDv a:link,ul.eCfnDv a:link{color:#be1a64}a.eCfnDv:visited,ol.eCfnDv a:visited,p.eCfnDv a:visited,table.eCfnDv a:visited,ul.eCfnDv a:visited{color:#6b6b6b}a.eCfnDv:hover,ol.eCfnDv a:hover,p.eCfnDv a:hover,table.eCfnDv a:hover,ul.eCfnDv a:hover{color:#851246}a.eCfnDv:active,ol.eCfnDv a:active,p.eCfnDv a:active,table.eCfnDv a:active,ul.eCfnDv a:active{color:#be1a64}a.eCfnDv:-moz-focusring,a.eCfnDv:focus-visible,ol.eCfnDv a:-moz-focusring,ol.eCfnDv a:focus-visible,p.eCfnDv a:-moz-focusring,p.eCfnDv a:focus-visible,table.eCfnDv a:-moz-focusring,table.eCfnDv a:focus-visible,ul.eCfnDv a:-moz-focusring,ul.eCfnDv a:focus-visible{color:#0e0e0e;background:#0a8b44;box-shadow:0 -2px #0a8b44,0 2px #0e0e0e;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:0}hr.eCfnDv{width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:2rem;border:0;border-top:1px solid #be1a64}.eCfnDv strong{font-weight:700}h1.cvAEtz{margin-bottom:0;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2rem;font-weight:700;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h1.cvAEtz{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h1.cvAEtz{font-size:2.75rem;line-height:3rem}}h2.cvAEtz{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-webkit-flex!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h2.cvAEtz{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h2.cvAEtz{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}h2.cvAEtz:first-of-type{margin-top:0}h3.cvAEtz{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h3.cvAEtz{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h3.cvAEtz{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem}}h4.cvAEtz{margin-top:.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h4.cvAEtz{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h4.cvAEtz{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}p.cvAEtz{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){p.cvAEtz{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){p.cvAEtz{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media screen and (min-width:900px){p.cvAEtz{width:75%}}ol.cvAEtz,ul.cvAEtz{display:block;margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;box-sizing:border-box}@media (min-width:400px){ol.cvAEtz,ul.cvAEtz{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){ol.cvAEtz,ul.cvAEtz{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media screen and (min-width:900px){ol.cvAEtz,ul.cvAEtz{width:75%}}ol.cvAEtz>li,ul.cvAEtz>li{margin-bottom:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}ul.cvAEtz{list-style:initial}ol.cvAEtz{list-style:decimal}table.cvAEtz{display:table;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;text-align:left}@media screen and (min-width:900px){table.cvAEtz{width:75%}}table.cvAEtz td,table.cvAEtz th{padding:.5rem .75rem}table.cvAEtz thead{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:600;border-bottom:2px solid}@media (min-width:400px){table.cvAEtz thead{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:600px){table.cvAEtz thead{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}table.cvAEtz tbody{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){table.cvAEtz tbody{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){table.cvAEtz tbody{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}table.cvAEtz tbody tr{border-top:1px solid}table.cvAEtz tfoot{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:600;border-top:2px solid}@media (min-width:400px){table.cvAEtz tfoot{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){table.cvAEtz tfoot{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}a.cvAEtz,ol.cvAEtz a,p.cvAEtz a,table.cvAEtz a,ul.cvAEtz a{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline}a.cvAEtz:-moz-focusring,a.cvAEtz:focus-visible,ol.cvAEtz a:-moz-focusring,ol.cvAEtz a:focus-visible,p.cvAEtz a:-moz-focusring,p.cvAEtz a:focus-visible,table.cvAEtz a:-moz-focusring,table.cvAEtz a:focus-visible,ul.cvAEtz a:-moz-focusring,ul.cvAEtz a:focus-visible{box-shadow:0 -2px,0 2px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:0}hr.cvAEtz{width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:2rem;border:0;border-top:1px solid}.cvAEtz strong{font-weight:700}.ffzdgQ{position:relative;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:.625rem .75rem;background-color:transparent;color:#0e0e0e;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-transition:background-color .2s;transition:background-color .2s}.ffzdgQ:hover{background-color:#d6d6d6}.ffzdgQ:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default}.ffzdgQ:-moz-focusring,.ffzdgQ:focus-visible{border:0;outline:4px solid var(--button-a11y)}.ffzdgQ::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.ffzdgQ.clickable{cursor:pointer}.ffzdgQ.border{border:1px solid #fff}.ffzdgQ.wide{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:100%}.ffzdgQ.active::after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:block;width:calc(100% - 16px);height:4px;margin:auto;background-color:#be1a64;content:''}.ffzdgQ.primary{background-color:#be1a64;color:#fff}.ffzdgQ.primary:hover{background-color:#851246}.ffzdgQ.primary.active::after{background-color:#fff}.ffzdgQ.secondary{background-color:#eee;color:#be1a64}.ffzdgQ.secondary.active::after{background-color:#fff}.ffzdgQ.iconLeft>.icon{margin-right:.25rem}.ffzdgQ.iconRight>.icon{margin-left:.25rem}.ffzdgQ.iconOnly{padding:1rem}.ffzdgQ.iconOnly>.icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.ffzdgQ .icon{width:.75rem;height:.75rem;fill:currentColor;vertical-align:middle}.ffzdgQ .text{display:inline;padding:0;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:600}@media (min-width:400px){.ffzdgQ .text{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.ffzdgQ .text{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}h2.fXKzFB{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-webkit-flex!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h2.fXKzFB{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h2.fXKzFB{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}h2.fXKzFB:first-of-type{margin-top:0}h3.fXKzFB{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){h3.fXKzFB{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:600px){h3.fXKzFB{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem}}.czUWvO .item{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){.czUWvO .item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.czUWvO .item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}.czUWvO .icon{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-top:.25rem;margin-right:.5rem;fill:#851246}.czUWvO .content{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;width:100%}.czUWvO .link{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400;color:#be1a64}@media (min-width:400px){.czUWvO .link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.czUWvO .link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.czUWvO .link:focus{outline:3px solid transparent;background:#0a8b44;color:#0e0e0e;box-shadow:0 -2px #0a8b44,0 4px #0e0e0e;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}.czUWvO .desc{display:block;margin-top:.25rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400;color:#6b6b6b}@media (min-width:400px){.czUWvO .desc{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.czUWvO .desc{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}.gwphxM .item{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){.gwphxM .item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.gwphxM .item{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem}}.gwphxM .icon{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;width:1rem;height:1rem;margin-top:.25rem;margin-right:.5rem}.gwphxM .content{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;width:100%}.gwphxM .link{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){.gwphxM .link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.gwphxM .link{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25rem}}.gwphxM .link:focus{outline:3px solid transparent;box-shadow:0 -2px,0 4px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}.gwphxM .desc{display:block;margin-top:.25rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){.gwphxM .desc{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.gwphxM .desc{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}.bVXoMh{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%;background-color:#000}.bVXoMh.iPagesPlayerColour{fill:#be1a64}.bVXoMh .player{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%}.jgRgOj{position:relative;width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%;background-color:#000}.jgRgOj .player{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%}.ZLvZE{position:relative;width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden}@media screen and (min-width:1008px){.ZLvZE{display:block}}@media all and (-ms-high-contrast:none),(-ms-high-contrast:active){.ZLvZE.hide{display:none}}.ZLvZE .image{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.jtNzkQ{position:relative;display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:.625rem .75rem;background-color:transparent;color:#0e0e0e;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-transition:background-color .2s;transition:background-color .2s}.jtNzkQ:hover{background-color:#d6d6d6}.jtNzkQ:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:default}.jtNzkQ:-moz-focusring,.jtNzkQ:focus-visible{border:0;outline:4px solid var(--button-a11y)}.jtNzkQ::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.jtNzkQ.clickable{cursor:pointer}.jtNzkQ.border{border:1px solid #fff}.jtNzkQ.wide{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;width:100%}.jtNzkQ.active::after{position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;display:block;width:calc(100% - 16px);height:4px;margin:auto;background-color:#be1a64;content:''}.jtNzkQ.primary{background-color:#be1a64;color:#fff}.jtNzkQ.primary:hover{background-color:#851246}.jtNzkQ.primary.active::after{background-color:#fff}.jtNzkQ.secondary{background-color:#eee;color:#be1a64}.jtNzkQ.secondary.active::after{background-color:#fff}.jtNzkQ.iconLeft>.icon{margin-right:.25rem}.jtNzkQ.iconRight>.icon{margin-left:.25rem}.jtNzkQ.iconOnly{padding:1rem}.jtNzkQ.iconOnly>.icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem}.jtNzkQ .icon{width:.75rem;height:.75rem;fill:currentColor;vertical-align:middle}.jtNzkQ .text{display:inline;padding:0;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:600}@media (min-width:400px){.jtNzkQ .text{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.jtNzkQ .text{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}.jtNzkQ.primary{background-color:#fff;color:#0e0e0e}.jtNzkQ.primary:hover{background-color:#d6d6d6}.jtNzkQ.primary.active::after{background-color:#be1a64}.dEndTj{width:100%}.dEndTj .primaryTheme{background-color:#fff}.dEndTj .primaryTheme .content>.buttonWrapper,.dEndTj .primaryTheme.nav .content{border-color:#d6d6d6}.dEndTj .primaryTheme .content>.buttonWrapper::after{background-color:#d6d6d6}.dEndTj .primaryTheme.nav{border-top:1px solid #d6d6d6}.dEndTj .secondaryTheme{background-color:#fff}.dEndTj .secondaryTheme .content>.buttonWrapper,.dEndTj .secondaryTheme.nav .content{border-color:#d6d6d6}.dEndTj .secondaryTheme .content>.buttonWrapper::after{background-color:#d6d6d6}.dEndTj .nav .content{border-bottom:4px solid}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .nav .content{border:0}}.dEndTj .content{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:column wrap;-ms-flex-flow:column wrap;flex-flow:column wrap;max-width:1008px;margin:0 auto}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .content{-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;padding:0 .5rem}.dEndTj .content>ul{margin:0 .25rem}}@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.dEndTj .content{max-width:1280px}}@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper{border-top:1px solid}.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper>*{-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:flex-start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper>.active::after{right:auto;left:0;width:4px;height:100%}.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper:first-of-type{border-top:0}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}}.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper::after{content:none;display:block;width:1px;height:24px}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper::after{content:''}}.dEndTj .content .buttonWrapper:last-of-type::after{content:none}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .mobile{display:none}}.dEndTj .hideMobileNav{display:none}.dEndTj .mobileButton{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto}.dEndTj .desktop{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .desktop{display:block}}.dEndTj .titleBar{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:.5rem;box-sizing:border-box}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .titleBar{padding:.75rem 1rem}}.dEndTj .titleText{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:600}@media (min-width:400px){.dEndTj .titleText{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .titleText{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}.dEndTj .titleText.srOnly{border:0!important;-webkit-clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px)!important;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px)!important;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%)!important;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%)!important;clip-path:inset(50%)!important;height:1px!important;margin:-1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;padding:0!important;position:absolute!important;width:1px!important;white-space:nowrap!important}.dEndTj .titleLogo{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;margin-right:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .titleLogo{margin-right:0}}.dEndTj .titleLogo svg{display:block;height:1.6rem;fill:#0e0e0e}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.dEndTj .titleLogo svg{height:2rem}}.dKgati{margin-bottom:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.dKgati{width:75%}}.dKgati .caption{display:inline-block;margin-top:.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@media (min-width:400px){.dKgati .caption{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.dKgati .caption{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem}}.dKgati .counter::before{content:'Fig. ' counter(media-content-counter) '\0000a0';color:#be1a64;font-style:normal;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:600;counter-increment:media-content-counter}@media (min-width:400px){.dKgati .counter::before{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.dKgati .counter::before{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem}}.fyfDBg{margin-bottom:1.5rem}@media screen and (min-width:900px){.fyfDBg{width:75%}}.fyfDBg .caption{display:inline-block;margin-top:.75rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@media (min-width:400px){.fyfDBg .caption{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.fyfDBg .caption{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem}}.fyfDBg .counter::before{content:'Fig. ' counter(media-content-counter) '\0000a0';font-style:normal;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:600;counter-increment:media-content-counter}@media (min-width:400px){.fyfDBg .counter::before{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.fyfDBg .counter::before{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1rem}}.bRHQJj{position:relative;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj{margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:1rem}}.bRHQJj .container{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%}.bRHQJj .content{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;color:#363636}.bRHQJj .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600;color:#0e0e0e}@media (min-width:400px){.bRHQJj .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj .link{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.bRHQJj .link:focus,.bRHQJj .link:hover{outline:0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#851246}.bRHQJj .link::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}.bRHQJj .description{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){.bRHQJj .description{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj .description{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}.bRHQJj .description>a:not(.link){position:relative}.bRHQJj .tags{display:block;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1.5rem;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;text-transform:uppercase}@media (min-width:400px){.bRHQJj .tags{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj .tags{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem}}.bRHQJj .tags::before{content:'';display:block;width:1rem;height:4px;margin-bottom:.5rem;background-color:#be1a64}.bRHQJj .image{position:relative;overflow:hidden}@supports (object-fit:cover){.bRHQJj .image>img{width:100%;object-fit:cover}}.bRHQJj .image+.content{padding-top:1rem}.bRHQJj .indicator{position:absolute;bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:.75rem;background-color:#fff;color:#363636}.bRHQJj .icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;fill:currentColor;vertical-align:middle}.bRHQJj.card{width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj.card{width:50%}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.bRHQJj.card{width:25%}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj.feature{width:50%}}.bRHQJj.wide{width:100%;margin-bottom:0;padding:1rem 0;background-color:transparent;border-top:1px solid #d6d6d6}.bRHQJj.wide:first-of-type{padding-top:0;border-top:0}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj.wide{margin-left:1rem}}.bRHQJj.wide .link{margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600}@media (min-width:400px){.bRHQJj.wide .link{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj.wide .link{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem}}.bRHQJj.wide .container{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.bRHQJj.wide .container>.image{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj.wide .container>.image{display:block;width:33.3333333334%}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.bRHQJj.wide .container>.image{width:25%}}.bRHQJj.wide .content{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;margin-top:0;padding:0}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bRHQJj.wide .content{width:58.333333333333336%;margin-left:1rem}}.cbaKCl{position:relative;margin:0;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none;box-sizing:border-box}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl{margin-bottom:1rem;padding-left:1rem}}.cbaKCl .container{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%}.cbaKCl .content{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex:1 1 auto;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}.cbaKCl .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-weight:600}@media (min-width:400px){.cbaKCl .link{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.375rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl .link{font-size:1.3125rem;line-height:1.5rem}}.cbaKCl .link:focus,.cbaKCl .link:hover{outline:0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline}.cbaKCl .link::after{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0}.cbaKCl .description{margin-top:.5rem;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem;font-weight:400}@media (min-width:400px){.cbaKCl .description{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.125rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl .description{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.125rem}}.cbaKCl .description>a:not(.link){position:relative}.cbaKCl .tags{display:block;margin-top:auto;padding-top:1.5rem;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem;font-weight:400;text-transform:uppercase}@media (min-width:400px){.cbaKCl .tags{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl .tags{font-size:.75rem;line-height:1rem}}.cbaKCl .tags::before{content:'';display:block;width:1rem;height:4px;margin-bottom:.5rem}.cbaKCl .image{position:relative;overflow:hidden}@supports (object-fit:cover){.cbaKCl .image>img{width:100%;object-fit:cover}}.cbaKCl .image+.content{padding-top:1rem}.cbaKCl .indicator{position:absolute;bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:.75rem;background-color:#fff}.cbaKCl .icon{width:1.5rem;height:1.5rem;fill:currentColor;vertical-align:middle}.cbaKCl.card{width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl.card{width:50%}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.cbaKCl.card{width:25%}}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl.feature{width:50%}}.cbaKCl.wide{width:100%;margin-bottom:0;padding:1rem 0;background-color:transparent;border-top:1px solid}.cbaKCl.wide:first-of-type{padding-top:0;border-top:0}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl.wide{margin-left:1rem}}.cbaKCl.wide .link{margin-bottom:.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem;font-weight:600}@media (min-width:400px){.cbaKCl.wide .link{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl.wide .link{font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.875rem}}.cbaKCl.wide .container{-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.cbaKCl.wide .container>.image{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl.wide .container>.image{display:block;width:33.3333333334%}}@media screen and (min-width:980px){.cbaKCl.wide .container>.image{width:25%}}.cbaKCl.wide .content{-webkit-flex:0 1 auto;-ms-flex:0 1 auto;flex:0 1 auto;margin-top:0;padding:0}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.cbaKCl.wide .content{width:58.333333333333336%;margin-left:1rem}}.OnnAa{display:-webkit-box!important;display:-webkit-flex!important;display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:100%;margin-top:2rem;margin-bottom:1rem;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem;font-weight:600;position:relative;display:block;color:#0e0e0e;font-family:ReithSans,Helvetica,Arial,freesans,sans-serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}@media (min-width:400px){.OnnAa{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.75rem}}@media (min-width:600px){.OnnAa{font-size:2rem;line-height:2.25rem}}.OnnAa:first-of-type{margin-top:0}.OnnAa::after{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:block;height:1px;width:100%;margin-left:1rem;background-color:#6b6b6b;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);content:''}.bIFeYa{position:relative;margin:0;margin-bottom:1rem}@media screen and (min-width:600px){.bIFeYa{margin-left:-1rem}}.bIFeYa .group{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap}</style><title>My Copyright - Copyright Aware</title><meta data-react-helmet="true" charset="utf-8"><meta content="My Copyright" data-react-helmet="true" name="title"><meta content="Copyright is everywhere, and everyone is creating copyright all the time." data-react-helmet="true" name="description"><meta content="website" data-react-helmet="true" property="og:type"><meta content="bbc.com/copyrightaware//my-copyright/" data-react-helmet="true" property="og:url"><meta content="My Copyright" data-react-helmet="true" property="og:title"><meta content="Copyright is everywhere, and everyone is creating copyright all the time." data-react-helmet="true" property="og:description"><meta content="summary_large_image" data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:card"><meta content="My Copyright" data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:title"><meta content="Copyright is everywhere, and everyone is creating copyright all the time." data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:description"><meta content="page-standard-my-copyright060919154329" data-react-helmet="true" property="isite:fileid"><meta content="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07t96rv.jpg" data-react-helmet="true" property="og:image"><meta content="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920x1080/p07t96rv.jpg" data-react-helmet="true" property="twitter:image"><noscript data-react-helmet="true"><link href="/web/20201016055657cs_/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware//base.css" rel="stylesheet"/></noscript><script data-react-helmet="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true"></script><script data-react-helmet="true">var supportsES6 = function() { try { new Function("(a = 0) => a"); return true; } catch (err) { return false; } }(); if (!supportsES6) { var script = document.createElement("script"); script.src = "/copyrightaware/polyfills/polyfill.min.js"; document.head.appendChild(script); } var startsWithPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); startsWithPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/startsWith.js"; if (!String.prototype.startsWith) { document.write(startsWithPolyfill.outerHTML); } var includesPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); includesPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/includes.js"; if ((!String.prototype.includes || !Array.prototype.includes)) { document.write(includesPolyfill.outerHTML); } var picturefillPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); picturefillPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/picturefill.js"; if (!window.HTMLPictureElement) { document.write(picturefillPolyfill.outerHTML); } var objectFitPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); objectFitPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/objectFit.js"; if ('objectFit' in document.documentElement.style === false) { document.write(objectFitPolyfill.outerHTML); } var arrayFromPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); arrayFromPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/arrayFrom.js"; if (!Array.from) { document.write(arrayFromPolyfill.outerHTML); } var arrayFindPolyfill = document.createElement('script'); arrayFindPolyfill.src="/copyrightaware/polyfills/arrayFind.js"; if (!Array.prototype.find) { document.write(arrayFindPolyfill.outerHTML); }</script><link href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/" rel="preconnect"> <script> window.__PRELOADED_STATE__ = { page: {"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"page-standard","fileId":"page-standard-my-copyright060919154329","guid":"4f189088-fd3c-4572-894c-00e022af4393"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/page-standard"},"metadata":{"isiteSectionDescription":"","metadataTitle":"My Copyright","metadataUrl":"/my-copyright","metadataId":"page-standard-my-copyright060919154329","isiteId":"ipages-copyright","shortSynopsis":"Copyright is everywhere, and everyone is creating copyright all the time.","showHeaderText":false,"imageOverlay":false,"siteMetadata":"","baseUrl":"copyrightaware","enableContentList":true},"topImage":{"image":"p07t96rv","imageUrl":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p07t96rv.jpg","mimeType":""},"topVideo":{"explanation":"","video":"","videoId":"","videoDuration":""},"content":{"articleBody":"<p>When you draw a sketch or write a paragraph or take a photo, you are creating a copyright work. You create copyright when your idea has a physical expression. This can take the form of an original song you write (when you will own the copyright in the lyrics and music) or even an existing one that you perform or record (when you will own the copyright in your recording and have rights in your performance).</p>\n<p>If you code software for a game, you will own the copyright in your code. The idea for a book you’re yet to write though does not create any copyright because it’s still an idea that hasn’t been expressed.</p>","contentItem":[{"contentComponent":{"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"component-video","fileId":"video-my-copyright071119153307","guid":"93171b15-fb56-4dba-beb4-6201c463610f"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/component-video"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"video-my-copyright071119153307"},"content":{"name":"My Copyright","type":"video","audioPid":"","videoPid":"p0297vwk","otherPid":"","pid":"p0297vwk","kind":"programme","image":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p07t8tnr.jpg","description":"My Copyright","videoImage":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0297vw6.jpg","mimeType":"","video":"p0297vwp","videoDuration":"PT53S","iSiteThumbnail":"/nitro/api/images?pid=p0297vw6"}}}}}},{"contentComponent":{"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"component-documents","fileId":"documents-download-video-transcript-071119153338","guid":"57ce6fc5-cc42-4004-8ed9-b45c309c34c8"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/component-documents"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"documents-download-video-transcript-071119153338"},"content":{"title":"Download Video Transcript","hideTitle":true,"itemsArray":{"item":{"name":"Download Video Transcript","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/copyright/The_World_of_Copyright.docx","iSiteDocument":{"$":{"title":""}},"description":"","icon":"document"}}}}}}}},{"contentComponent":{"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"component-text","fileId":"article-how-is-my-work-protected-060919154300","guid":"dfd2228a-59bd-4c3e-85fb-46f703cd604c"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/component-text"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"article-how-is-my-work-protected-060919154300"},"content":{"name":"How is my work protected?","body":"<h2>How is my work protected?</h2>\n<p>Copyright protection arises automatically as soon as your work is created. Unlike a patent or trademark you don’t need to register your work to ensure your rights are protected by copyright.</p>\n<p>Copyright is enforceable as a legal right in the courts, so if someone copies the whole or a substantial part of your work without your permission, you may be able to apply to the Court for an injunction (this prevents their continued use of your work). And if you have lost money as a result of this illegal copying then you can also apply for damages or an account of profits (to compensate you for your loss). For further information click on Related Links or go to the <a title=\"Directory\" href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/copyright/directory\" target=\"_self\">Directory</a>.</p>\n<h2>Uploading my work to the internet</h2>\n<p>Be aware that uploading your work to many websites and social media sites means in some cases you are effectively being asked to give away control of your copyright to the host site. Sometimes this is permanent and even irrevocable. It’s therefore always important to read the Terms & Conditions of the host site whenever you share your work and be comfortable with what is being asked of you.</p>\n<p>In most other cases even though your work is now public on the internet and other people can see or enjoy it, you still have the right to decide how they can use it.  You should think about the questions in this section, particularly what you want other people to be able to do with it.</p>\n<h2>What if someone wants to use my work?</h2>\n<p>If other people want to use your work, like your photo, song or novel, in most cases they will need your permission. Permission can take the form of an exchange where you agree with the other person how the work will be used. It’s always recommended to do this in writing. You could choose to give permission by email or letter or in the form of a more comprehensive licence.</p>\n<p>The terms and conditions of a licence can cover what your work is used for, for how long, whether or not you should be credited and whether you want to charge a fee for the use. You don’t need legal qualifications to do this as the copyright owner, but it’s important to understand the terms and conditions you are agreeing to. Legal advice can in some instances help with this.</p>\n<p>Alternatively you could allow other people to use your work by making it available under schemes similar to the IPO's licensing support resources or Creative Commons for certain uses. </p>\n<h2>How can I be acknowledged for use of my work?</h2>\n<p>If you choose to be acknowledged as the creator/owner of the work, this usually takes the form of a pre-agreed credit that appears on, under or next to the work in whatever context it is being used.</p>"}}}}}},{"contentComponent":{"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"component-links","fileId":"links-related-links060919154612","guid":"b8f9be20-8b69-4e4b-93da-774f2adc2e30"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/component-links"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"links-related-links060919154612"},"content":{"title":"Related links","hideTitle":"","itemsArray":{"item":[{"name":"Creative Commons","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/http://creativecommons.org/","description":"","icon":"link"},{"name":"IPO licensing checklists","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.gov.uk/licensing-intellectual-property","description":"","icon":"link"}]}}}}}}},{"contentComponent":{"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2019-09-23T10:07:31.467436Z","creationDateTime":"2019-09-23T10:07:31.467436Z","type":"component-promo","fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121","guid":"4eff2434-024f-4e76-9d0a-e5ceb2aefa28"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/component-promo"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"},"content":{"title":"Copyright Aware","hideTitle":false,"itemsArray":{"iSiteFormDescription":"","item":[{"name":"What is Copyright?","url":"/what-is-copyright","type":"card","pid":"p0297h6k","imageUrl":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0297h6k.jpg","description":"How does it work and who is it for?","tag":"","mimeType":"image/jpeg"},{"name":"Copyright & Permissions ","url":"/copyright-permissions","pid":"p0297tqy","tag":"","imageUrl":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0297tqy.jpg","description":"One piece of work can contain several layers of copyright","mimeType":"image/jpeg","type":"card"},{"name":"Exceptions ","url":"/exceptions","pid":"p0297x9l","tag":"","imageUrl":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0297x9l.jpg","description":"The legal exceptions for using copyright","mimeType":"image/jpeg","type":"card"},{"name":"My Copyright","url":"/my-copyright","pid":"p0297vw6","tag":"","imageUrl":"ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/$recipe/p0297vw6.jpg","description":"You create copyright all the time. Find out what you can do with it.","mimeType":"image/jpeg","type":"card"}]}}}}}}}]},"sidenav":{"control-23":"","sidenavBar":"","sidenav-helper-explanation":""}}}}}, metadata: {"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-07T22:14:08.701646Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"metadata","fileId":"metadata","guid":"46dacadf-c0e0-48ea-9bf4-61fd5538784a"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/metadata"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"metadata","metadataSiteTitle":"Copyright Aware","siteBaseUrl":"copyrightaware","isiteId":"ipages-copyright","metadataThemeMode":"light","metadataTheme":"pink","showFooterPromo":true,"isInternal":"","hideOrbit":""}}}}}, sitemap: {"metadata":{"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-07T22:14:08.701646Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"metadata","fileId":"metadata","guid":"46dacadf-c0e0-48ea-9bf4-61fd5538784a"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/metadata"},"metadata":{"metadataId":"metadata","metadataSiteTitle":"Copyright Aware","siteBaseUrl":"copyrightaware","isiteId":"ipages-copyright","metadataThemeMode":"light","metadataTheme":"pink","showFooterPromo":true,"isInternal":"","hideOrbit":""}}}}},"navbars":[{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/navbar.json","fileId":"navbar"}],"pages":[{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/page-standard-copyright-exceptions060919151950.json","fileId":"page-standard-copyright-exceptions060919151950","pageTitle":"Copyright Exceptions","pageUrl":"/exceptions","pageType":"page-standard","contentId":"02356fb0-1a87-4a2c-91fd-3ce0e695262a","pageSynopsis":"A copyright exception is a provision in law which allows you to use the copyright work without payment or permission","components":[{"fileId":"video-copyright-exceptions060919151935"},{"fileId":"documents-download-video-transcript-071119153138"},{"fileId":"article-what-do-the-exceptions-allow-me-to-do-060919151853"},{"fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"}]},{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/page-standard-what-is-copyright060919150735.json","fileId":"page-standard-what-is-copyright060919150735","pageTitle":"What is Copyright?","pageUrl":"/what-is-copyright","pageType":"page-standard","contentId":"3346704d-9aac-4bf2-a2c6-afc021126e04","pageSynopsis":"For your work to be protected by copyright law it needs to be original and tangible","components":[{"fileId":"video-what-is-copyright060919150727"},{"fileId":"links-download-video-transcript071119152952"},{"fileId":"article-when-is-my-work-protected-by-copyright-060919150547"},{"fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"}]},{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/page-standard-my-copyright060919154329.json","fileId":"page-standard-my-copyright060919154329","pageTitle":"My Copyright","pageUrl":"/my-copyright","pageType":"page-standard","contentId":"4f189088-fd3c-4572-894c-00e022af4393","pageSynopsis":"Copyright is everywhere, and everyone is creating copyright all the time.","components":[{"fileId":"video-my-copyright071119153307"},{"fileId":"documents-download-video-transcript-071119153338"},{"fileId":"article-how-is-my-work-protected-060919154300"},{"fileId":"links-related-links060919154612"},{"fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"}]},{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/page-standard-directory060919155154.json","fileId":"page-standard-directory060919155154","pageTitle":"Directory","pageUrl":"/directory","pageType":"page-standard","contentId":"6c84d422-063d-4b97-8f04-6c09d1102254","pageSynopsis":"Further links and resources mentioned on these pages ","components":[{"fileId":"links-general-resources060919155530"},{"fileId":"links-rights-representing-organisations060919160450"},{"fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"}]},{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/page-standard-copyright-permissions060919151255.json","fileId":"page-standard-copyright-permissions060919151255","pageTitle":"Copyright & Permissions","pageUrl":"/copyright-permissions","pageType":"page-standard","contentId":"cecca5f7-afe2-433c-9344-ca861e5d6a95","pageSynopsis":"Who made it and who took part in it?","components":[{"fileId":"video-copyright-permissions060919151129"},{"fileId":"links-download-video-transcript071119153045"},{"fileId":"article-examples-of-different-works-protected-by-copyright-060919151223"},{"fileId":"links-see-also060919161159"},{"fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"}]},{"filePath":"ipages-copyright/page-standard-welcome-to-copyright-aware060919150333.json","fileId":"page-standard-welcome-to-copyright-aware060919150333","pageTitle":"Welcome to Copyright Aware","pageUrl":"/","pageType":"page-standard","contentId":"cfa26b5d-b95a-47af-b8e6-8e94579eab2d","pageSynopsis":"Copyright is your tool. Do you know how to use it?","components":[{"fileId":"promo-homepage-promo060919150121"}]}]}, navbar: {"result":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/contentreader/xml/result"},"metadata":{"modifiedDateTime":"2020-05-04T10:50:09.427784Z","creationDateTime":"2019-11-19T10:47:55.238882Z","type":"navbar","fileId":"navbar","guid":"285fca03-d888-4eaa-9d18-4b9219ddcd72"},"document":{"form":{"$":{"xmlns":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://production.bbc.co.uk/isite2/project/ipages-copyright/navbar"},"metadata":{"metadataTitle":"Navbar","metadataId":"navbar"},"content":{"itemsArray":{"item":[{"name":"Home","urlType":"page","page":"urn:isite:ipages-copyright:page-standard-welcome-to-copyright-aware060919150333","externalLink":"","includeSubnav":"","childItemsArray":{"childItem":{"childName":"","childUrlType":"","childPage":"","childExternalLink":""}}},{"childItemsArray":{"childItem":{"childName":"","childPage":"","childExternalLink":"","childUrlType":""}},"name":"What is Copyright?","includeSubnav":"","page":"urn:isite:ipages-copyright:page-standard-what-is-copyright060919150735","externalLink":"","urlType":"page"},{"childItemsArray":{"childItem":{"childName":"","childPage":"","childExternalLink":"","childUrlType":""}},"name":"Copyright & Permissions","includeSubnav":"","page":"urn:isite:ipages-copyright:page-standard-copyright-permissions060919151255","externalLink":"","urlType":"page"},{"childItemsArray":{"childItem":{"childName":"","childPage":"","childExternalLink":"","childUrlType":""}},"name":"Exceptions","includeSubnav":"","page":"urn:isite:ipages-copyright:page-standard-copyright-exceptions060919151950","externalLink":"","urlType":"page"},{"childItemsArray":{"childItem":{"childName":"","childPage":"","childExternalLink":"","childUrlType":""}},"name":"My Copyright","includeSubnav":"","page":"urn:isite:ipages-copyright:page-standard-my-copyright060919154329","externalLink":"","urlType":"page"},{"childItemsArray":{"childItem":{"childName":"","childPage":"","childExternalLink":"","childUrlType":""}},"name":"Directory","includeSubnav":"","page":"urn:isite:ipages-copyright:page-standard-directory060919155154","externalLink":"","urlType":"page"}]}},"languageSelection":{"language":"en"}}}}}, routes: [{"title":"My Copyright","path":"/my-copyright/","fileId":"page-standard-my-copyright060919154329"}], env: {"env":"live","projectId":"ipages-copyright"} } </script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://static.bbci.co.uk/frameworks/requirejs/lib.js"></script><script>window.require({ baseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.bbci.co.uk/', paths: { 'bump-4': '//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://emp.bbci.co.uk/emp/bump-4/bump-4' }, waitSeconds: 30, })</script>         <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta property="fb:admins" content="100004154058350"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657cs_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864/css/orb-ltr.min.css"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ window.orb = { lang: 'en', bbcBaseUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk', bbcUrlPrefix: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.', staticHost: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864', figUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://fig.bbc.co.uk/frameworks/fig/2/fig.js', partialCookieOvenUrl: 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://cookie-oven.api.bbc' }; document.documentElement.className += (document.documentElement.className? ' ' : '') + 'orb-js'; window.orb.worldwideNavlinks = '<li class="orb-nav-homedotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/">Home</a></li><li class="orb-nav-newsdotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/news">News</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/sport">Sport</a></li><li class="orb-nav-reeldotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/reel">Reel</a></li><li class="orb-nav-worklife"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/worklife">Worklife</a></li><li class="orb-nav-traveldotcom"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/travel">Travel</a></li><li class="orb-nav-future"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/future">Future</a></li><li class="orb-nav-culture"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/culture">Culture</a></li><li class="orb-nav-music"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/culture/music">Music</a></li><li class="orb-nav-tv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/schedules/p00fzl9m">TV</a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/weather">Weather</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds">Sounds</a></li>'; /*]]>*/</script><script>// Promise polyfill from https://github.com/bramstein/promis (function(){'use strict';var f,g=[];function l(a){g.push(a);1==g.length&&f()}function m(){for(;g.length;)g[0](),g.shift()}f=function(){setTimeout(m)};function n(a){this.a=p;this.b=void 0;this.f=[];var b=this;try{a(function(a){q(b,a)},function(a){r(b,a)})}catch(c){r(b,c)}}var p=2;function t(a){return new n(function(b,c){c(a)})}function u(a){return new n(function(b){b(a)})}function q(a,b){if(a.a==p){if(b==a)throw new TypeError;var c=!1;try{var d=b&&b.then;if(null!=b&&"object"==typeof b&&"function"==typeof d){d.call(b,function(b){c||q(a,b);c=!0},function(b){c||r(a,b);c=!0});return}}catch(e){c||r(a,e);return}a.a=0;a.b=b;v(a)}} function r(a,b){if(a.a==p){if(b==a)throw new TypeError;a.a=1;a.b=b;v(a)}}function v(a){l(function(){if(a.a!=p)for(;a.f.length;){var b=a.f.shift(),c=b[0],d=b[1],e=b[2],b=b[3];try{0==a.a?"function"==typeof c?e(c.call(void 0,a.b)):e(a.b):1==a.a&&("function"==typeof d?e(d.call(void 0,a.b)):b(a.b))}catch(h){b(h)}}})}n.prototype.g=function(a){return this.c(void 0,a)};n.prototype.c=function(a,b){var c=this;return new n(function(d,e){c.f.push([a,b,d,e]);v(c)})}; function w(a){return new n(function(b,c){function d(c){return function(d){h[c]=d;e+=1;e==a.length&&b(h)}}var e=0,h=[];0==a.length&&b(h);for(var k=0;k<a.length;k+=1)u(a[k]).c(d(k),c)})}function x(a){return new n(function(b,c){for(var d=0;d<a.length;d+=1)u(a[d]).c(b,c)})};window.Promise||(window.Promise=n,window.Promise.resolve=u,window.Promise.reject=t,window.Promise.race=x,window.Promise.all=w,window.Promise.prototype.then=n.prototype.c,window.Promise.prototype["catch"]=n.prototype.g);}()); // Polyfill Event constructor for IE ref: https://jira.dev.bbc.co.uk/browse/ORBITEN-919 // see: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26596123 (function () { if (typeof window.CustomEvent === "function") { return false; } function CustomEvent(event, params) { params = params || { bubbles: false, cancelable: false, detail: undefined }; var evt = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); evt.initCustomEvent(event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail); return evt; } CustomEvent.prototype = window.Event.prototype; window.Event = CustomEvent; })(); //Element.prototype.matches polyfill //from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Element/matches#Polyfill if (!Element.prototype.matches) { Element.prototype.matches = Element.prototype.msMatchesSelector || Element.prototype.webkitMatchesSelector; } //NodeList.forEach Polyfill //from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/NodeList/forEach#Polyfill if (window.NodeList && !NodeList.prototype.forEach) { NodeList.prototype.forEach = Array.prototype.forEach; } // Object.assign polyfill from https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign#Polyfill if (typeof Object.assign != 'function') { // Must be writable: true, enumerable: false, configurable: true Object.defineProperty(Object, "assign", { value: function assign(target, varArgs) { // .length of function is 2 'use strict'; if (target == null) { // TypeError if undefined or null throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object'); } var to = Object(target); for (var index = 1; index < arguments.length; index++) { var nextSource = arguments[index]; if (nextSource != null) { // Skip over if undefined or null for (var nextKey in nextSource) { // Avoid bugs when hasOwnProperty is shadowed if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(nextSource, nextKey)) { to[nextKey] = nextSource[nextKey]; } } } } return to; }, writable: true, configurable: true }); } // window.fetch polyfill https://github.com/github/fetch/blob/v0.11.0/fetch.js - chosen for IE9 compatibility if(typeof window.fetch !== 'function') { (function(self){"use strict";if(self.fetch){return}function normalizeName(name){if(typeof name!=="string"){name=String(name)}if(/[^a-z0-9\-#$%&'*+.\^_`|~]/i.test(name)){throw new TypeError("Invalid character in header field name")}return name.toLowerCase()}function normalizeValue(value){if(typeof value!=="string"){value=String(value)}return value}function Headers(headers){this.map={};if(headers instanceof Headers){headers.forEach(function(value,name){this.append(name,value)},this)}else if(headers){Object.getOwnPropertyNames(headers).forEach(function(name){this.append(name,headers[name])},this)}}Headers.prototype.append=function(name,value){name=normalizeName(name);value=normalizeValue(value);var list=this.map[name];if(!list){list=[];this.map[name]=list}list.push(value)};Headers.prototype["delete"]=function(name){delete this.map[normalizeName(name)]};Headers.prototype.get=function(name){var values=this.map[normalizeName(name)];return values?values[0]:null};Headers.prototype.getAll=function(name){return this.map[normalizeName(name)]||[]};Headers.prototype.has=function(name){return this.map.hasOwnProperty(normalizeName(name))};Headers.prototype.set=function(name,value){this.map[normalizeName(name)]=[normalizeValue(value)]};Headers.prototype.forEach=function(callback,thisArg){Object.getOwnPropertyNames(this.map).forEach(function(name){this.map[name].forEach(function(value){callback.call(thisArg,value,name,this)},this)},this)};function consumed(body){if(body.bodyUsed){return Promise.reject(new TypeError("Already read"))}body.bodyUsed=true}function fileReaderReady(reader){return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){reader.onload=function(){resolve(reader.result)};reader.onerror=function(){reject(reader.error)}})}function readBlobAsArrayBuffer(blob){var reader=new FileReader;reader.readAsArrayBuffer(blob);return fileReaderReady(reader)}function readBlobAsText(blob){var reader=new FileReader;reader.readAsText(blob);return fileReaderReady(reader)}var support={blob:"FileReader"in self&&"Blob"in self&&function(){try{new Blob;return true}catch(e){return false}}(),formData:"FormData"in self,arrayBuffer:"ArrayBuffer"in self};function Body(){this.bodyUsed=false;this._initBody=function(body){this._bodyInit=body;if(typeof body==="string"){this._bodyText=body}else if(support.blob&&Blob.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)){this._bodyBlob=body}else if(support.formData&&FormData.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)){this._bodyFormData=body}else if(!body){this._bodyText=""}else if(support.arrayBuffer&&ArrayBuffer.prototype.isPrototypeOf(body)){}else{throw new Error("unsupported BodyInit type")}if(!this.headers.get("content-type")){if(typeof body==="string"){this.headers.set("content-type","text/plain;charset=UTF-8")}else if(this._bodyBlob&&this._bodyBlob.type){this.headers.set("content-type",this._bodyBlob.type)}}};if(support.blob){this.blob=function(){var rejected=consumed(this);if(rejected){return rejected}if(this._bodyBlob){return Promise.resolve(this._bodyBlob)}else if(this._bodyFormData){throw new Error("could not read FormData body as blob")}else{return Promise.resolve(new Blob([this._bodyText]))}};this.arrayBuffer=function(){return this.blob().then(readBlobAsArrayBuffer)};this.text=function(){var rejected=consumed(this);if(rejected){return rejected}if(this._bodyBlob){return readBlobAsText(this._bodyBlob)}else if(this._bodyFormData){throw new Error("could not read FormData body as text")}else{return Promise.resolve(this._bodyText)}}}else{this.text=function(){var rejected=consumed(this);return rejected?rejected:Promise.resolve(this._bodyText)}}if(support.formData){this.formData=function(){return this.text().then(decode)}}this.json=function(){return this.text().then(JSON.parse)};return this}var methods=["DELETE","GET","HEAD","OPTIONS","POST","PUT"];function normalizeMethod(method){var upcased=method.toUpperCase();return methods.indexOf(upcased)>-1?upcased:method}function Request(input,options){options=options||{};var body=options.body;if(Request.prototype.isPrototypeOf(input)){if(input.bodyUsed){throw new TypeError("Already read")}this.url=input.url;this.credentials=input.credentials;if(!options.headers){this.headers=new Headers(input.headers)}this.method=input.method;this.mode=input.mode;if(!body){body=input._bodyInit;input.bodyUsed=true}}else{this.url=input}this.credentials=options.credentials||this.credentials||"omit";if(options.headers||!this.headers){this.headers=new Headers(options.headers)}this.method=normalizeMethod(options.method||this.method||"GET");this.mode=options.mode||this.mode||null;this.referrer=null;if((this.method==="GET"||this.method==="HEAD")&&body){throw new TypeError("Body not allowed for GET or HEAD requests")}this._initBody(body)}Request.prototype.clone=function(){return new Request(this)};function decode(body){var form=new FormData;body.trim().split("&").forEach(function(bytes){if(bytes){var split=bytes.split("=");var name=split.shift().replace(/\+/g," ");var value=split.join("=").replace(/\+/g," ");form.append(decodeURIComponent(name),decodeURIComponent(value))}});return form}function headers(xhr){var head=new Headers;var pairs=xhr.getAllResponseHeaders().trim().split("\n");pairs.forEach(function(header){var split=header.trim().split(":");var key=split.shift().trim();var value=split.join(":").trim();head.append(key,value)});return head}Body.call(Request.prototype);function Response(bodyInit,options){if(!options){options={}}this.type="default";this.status=options.status;this.ok=this.status>=200&&this.status<300;this.statusText=options.statusText;this.headers=options.headers instanceof Headers?options.headers:new Headers(options.headers);this.url=options.url||"";this._initBody(bodyInit)}Body.call(Response.prototype);Response.prototype.clone=function(){return new Response(this._bodyInit,{status:this.status,statusText:this.statusText,headers:new Headers(this.headers),url:this.url})};Response.error=function(){var response=new Response(null,{status:0,statusText:""});response.type="error";return response};var redirectStatuses=[301,302,303,307,308];Response.redirect=function(url,status){if(redirectStatuses.indexOf(status)===-1){throw new RangeError("Invalid status code")}return new Response(null,{status:status,headers:{location:url}})};self.Headers=Headers;self.Request=Request;self.Response=Response;self.fetch=function(input,init){return new Promise(function(resolve,reject){var request;if(Request.prototype.isPrototypeOf(input)&&!init){request=input}else{request=new Request(input,init)}var xhr=new XMLHttpRequest;function responseURL(){if("responseURL"in xhr){return xhr.responseURL}if(/^X-Request-URL:/m.test(xhr.getAllResponseHeaders())){return xhr.getResponseHeader("X-Request-URL")}return}xhr.onload=function(){var status=xhr.status===1223?204:xhr.status;if(status<100||status>599){reject(new TypeError("Network request failed"));return}var options={status:status,statusText:xhr.statusText,headers:headers(xhr),url:responseURL()};var body="response"in xhr?xhr.response:xhr.responseText;resolve(new Response(body,options))};xhr.onerror=function(){reject(new TypeError("Network request failed"))};xhr.open(request.method,request.url,true);if(request.credentials==="include"){xhr.withCredentials=true}if("responseType"in xhr&&support.blob){xhr.responseType="blob"}request.headers.forEach(function(value,name){xhr.setRequestHeader(name,value)});xhr.send(typeof request._bodyInit==="undefined"?null:request._bodyInit)})};self.fetch.polyfill=true})(typeof self!=="undefined"?self:this); } if (typeof window.CustomEvent !== 'function') { function CustomEvent(event, params) { params = params || { bubbles: false, cancelable: false, detail: null }; var evt = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); evt.initCustomEvent(event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail); return evt; } CustomEvent.prototype = window.Event.prototype; window.CustomEvent = CustomEvent; } (function() { var language = 'en'; language = 'en'; var modal = false; var istatsLabels = {name: '' || undefined}; istatsLabels['bbc_site'] = 'aboutthebbc'; function getMetaValue(propertyName) { var metaTag = document.querySelector( "meta[property='" + propertyName + "'], " + "meta[name='" + propertyName + "']"); if (metaTag) { return metaTag.getAttribute("content"); } else { throw new Error('No meta tag called: ' + propertyName) } } function generateCountername() { if (window.location.protocol === 'file:') { return 'local.file'; } var pathName = window.location.pathname .replace(/\/$/, "") .replace(/^\//, "") .replace(/\//g, '.'); return pathName + '.page'; } var additionalPageProperties = {}; additionalPageProperties['app_name'] = 'Copyright Aware'; var page = { name: '.copyrightaware..my-copyright.' || istatsLabels.name || generateCountername(), destination: 'BBC_CORPORATE_PS' || null, producer: '' || null, section: '' || null, site: '' || istatsLabels.bbc_site || istatsLabels.app_name || istatsLabels.prod_name || null, contentId: '' || null, contentType: 'article' || null, edition: '' || null, additionalProperties: additionalPageProperties }; function updatePageData(newData) { page = Object.assign(page, newData); } document.addEventListener('bbc-page-reset', function(event) { if (event.detail && event.detail.page) { updatePageData(event.detail.page); } document.dispatchEvent(new Event('bbc-page-updated')); }); window.bbcpage = { loadModule: function(deps) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { window.require(deps, function () { resolve.apply(this, arguments); }, function (error) { reject(error); }); }) }, loadCSS: function (url, timeout) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/lib/_$']) .then(function($) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { var stylesheet = loadCSS(url); $.onloadCSS(stylesheet, function() { resolve(); }); if (timeout) { setTimeout(function () { reject(); }, timeout); } }); }); }, isModal: function () { return modal; }, getLanguage: function () { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { resolve(language); }); }, trackRegion: function (region, labels) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['istats-1']) .then(function(istats) { var trackLabels = { region: region }; for (var label in labels) { trackLabels[label] = labels[label]; } var linkType = labels.linkType || 'internal'; istats.track(linkType, trackLabels); }); }, getName: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.name); }, getDestination: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.destination); }, getProducer: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.producer); }, getSite: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.site); }, getSection: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.section); }, getContentType: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.contentType); }, getContentId: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.contentId); }, getEdition: function() { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { if (page.edition) { resolve(page.edition); return; } try { resolve(getMetaValue('x-audience').toLowerCase()); } catch (err){ // This property is related to Chartbeat; see http://support.chartbeat.com/docs/ if (window._sf_async_config) { resolve(window._sf_async_config.region || null); } } resolve(null); }); }, getReferrer: function() { return Promise.resolve(window.orb && window.orb.referrer !== null && window.orb.referrer !== undefined ? window.orb.referrer : document.referrer); }, getAdditionalProperties: function() { return Promise.resolve(page.additionalProperties); } }; var USERINFO_PREFIX = "www." || "www."; function initUserCache(orbitUser) { var availableAttr = [ 'X-Country', 'X-Ip_is_advertise_combined', 'X-Ip_is_uk_combined' ]; var userCache = availableAttr.reduce(function(user, curr, i) { if (!orbitUser[curr]) { return user; } var res = Object.assign({}, user); res[curr] = orbitUser[curr]; return res; }, {}); if (Object.keys(userCache).length !== availableAttr.length) { userCache._partial = true; } return userCache; } var user = initUserCache({ }); function checkStatus(response) { if (response.status >= 200 && response.status < 300) { return response; } else { var error = new Error(response.statusText); error.response = response; throw error; } } function parseJSON(response) { return response.json(); } var supportsCors = function() { return typeof XMLHttpRequest !== 'undefined' && 'withCredentials' in new XMLHttpRequest(); }; var getUserInfoFallback = function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/fig']) .then(function(orbFig) { return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { orbFig.load(function(fig) { var getCountryFallback = function() { if (fig.geo.isUK()) { return 'GB'; } else if (fig.geo.isEU()) { return 'EU'; } }; resolve({ 'X-Country': user.country || getCountryFallback(), 'X-Ip_is_uk_combined': fig().uk ? 'yes' : 'no', 'X-Ip_is_advertise_combined': fig().ad ? 'yes' : 'no' }); }, function () { reject('Error determining country. Timeout?'); }); }); }); }; var _userInfoRequest; var getUserInfo = function() { var host = window.location.host.toString().match(/bbc\.com$/) ? 'bbc.com' : 'bbc.co.uk'; var userInfoUrl = "https://" + USERINFO_PREFIX + host + '/userinfo'; if (!user._partial) { return Promise.resolve(user); } if (!_userInfoRequest) { if (typeof window.fetch === 'undefined' || !supportsCors()) { _userInfoRequest = getUserInfoFallback(); } else { _userInfoRequest = window.fetch(userInfoUrl, { credentials: 'same-origin' }) .then(checkStatus) .then(parseJSON) .then(function(userInfo) { user = userInfo; return user; }); } } return _userInfoRequest; }; window.bbcuser = { getHashedId: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['idcta-v2/idcta-1']) .then(function(idcta) { return idcta.getCookieInstance().getHidFromCookie(); }); }, getCountry: function() { if (user['X-Country']) { return Promise.resolve(user['X-Country']); } return getUserInfo().then(function(userInfo) { return userInfo['X-Country'] || 'GB'; }); }, isUKCombined: function() { return getUserInfo().then(function(userInfo) { if (!userInfo['X-Ip_is_uk_combined']) { throw new Error('missing isUKCombined from userinfo response'); } return userInfo['X-Ip_is_uk_combined'].toLowerCase() === 'yes'; }) }, canSeeAdverts: function() { return getUserInfo().then(function(userInfo) { if (!userInfo['X-Ip_is_advertise_combined']) { throw new Error('missing canSeeAdverts from userinfo response'); } return userInfo['X-Ip_is_advertise_combined'].toLowerCase() === "yes"; }); }, isSignedIn: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['idcta-v2/idcta-1']) .then(function(idcta) { return (idcta && idcta.getCookieInstance().hasCookie()); }); }, allowsPerformanceCookies: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.cookiesEnabled() && !!bbccookies.readPolicy('performance'); }); }, allowsFunctionalCookies: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.cookiesEnabled() && !!bbccookies.readPolicy('personalisation'); }); }, getCookieValue: function(cookieName) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return bbccookies.get(cookieName); }); }, resetCookiesPreferences: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { bbccookies.setDefaultCookiesSingleDomain(); }); }, hasCookiesEnabled: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function(bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.cookiesEnabled(); }); }, hasSeenCookieBanner: function() { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['orb/cookies']) .then(function (bbccookies) { return !!bbccookies.isCookiePolicySet(); }); }, logEvent: function (verb, noun, extraLabels) { return window.bbcuser.hasCookiesEnabled() .then(function(allowsCookies) { if (allowsCookies) { return window.bbcpage.loadModule(['istats-1']) .then(function(istats) { istats.log(verb, noun, extraLabels); }); } else { throw new Error('User cannot be tracked due to cookies preferences.'); } }); }, }; }());</script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864/js/require.min.js"></script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.2-456.e308d0a/cookie-banner/cookie-library.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">if (window.define !== undefined) { define('orb/cookies', function() { return window.bbccookies; }); }</script> <script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864/js/api.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">window.bbcFlagpoles_istats="ON",require.config({paths:{"istats-1":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.2-456.e308d0a/istats/istats-1"}}),require(["istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(a,t){if(t.isAllowed("s1")){var e=(o=document.location.href.match(/^(?:https|http):\/\/\w*\.(?:(int|test|stage|live|)\.)?bbc\.(?:co\.uk|com)/))?void 0===o[1]||""===o[1]||"live"===o[1]?"//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/bbc/s":"//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/"+o[1]+"/s":"//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://sa.bbc.co.uk/bbc/test/s";a.addCollector({name:"default",url:e,separator:"&"});var s="unknown";a.setCountername(s),window.istats_countername&&a.setCountername(window.istats_countername),a.addLabels("ml_name=webmodule&ml_version=0.0.2-456.e308d0a&blq_e=orbit&blq_r=orbit&blq_s=orbit&blq_v=default&language=en&bbc_site=aboutthebbc")}var o});</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657cs_/https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/account/id-cta/1.43.0/style/id-cta.css"><script type="text/javascript">(function() {if (!window.require) {throw new Error('idcta: could not find require module');}if (typeof(map) == 'undefined') {var map = {};}if (!!document.createElementNS && !!document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg', 'svg').createSVGRect) {document.documentElement.className += ' id-svg';}var ptrt = new RegExp("[\\?&]ptrt=([^&]*)").exec(document.location.href);var ENDPOINT_URL = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://idcta.api.bbc.co.uk';var ENDPOINT_CONFIG = ('/idcta/config?callback=&ptrt=' + encodeURIComponent((ptrt ? ptrt[1] : document.location.href))).replace(/\&/g, '&');var ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS = '/idcta/translations?callback=';function hasPromise() {var P = window.Promise;var promiseToString = null;if (P) {try {promiseToString = Object.prototype.toString.call(P.resolve());} catch(e) {/*silently ignored*/}}return (promiseToString === '[object Promise]' && !P.cast);}if (hasPromise()) {define('idcta/es6-promise', function() {return window.Promise;});define('idcta-v2/es6-promise', function() {return window.Promise;});}map['idcta-v2'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/account/id-cta/1.43.0/modules/idcta-v2';map['idcta-v2/config'] = ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_CONFIG;map['idcta-v2/translations'] = ENDPOINT_URL + ENDPOINT_TRANSLATIONS;map['idcta'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/account/id-cta/1.8.2/modules/idcta';map['idcta-v2/idcta-1'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.files.bbci.co.uk/account/id-cta/1.43.0/modules/idcta-v2/dist/idcta-1.min';map['idcta-v2/experiment-snippet'] = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/idcta_live';const idctaShim = {deps: ['idcta-v2/idcta-1'],};require({shim: {'idcta-v2/statusbar': idctaShim,'idcta-v2/id-config': idctaShim},map: {'*': {'idcta/idcta-1': 'idcta-v2/idcta-1','idcta': 'idcta-v2',}},paths: map});window.idctaBaseUrl = ENDPOINT_URL;define('idcta/config', ['idcta-v2/config'], function(data) {return data;});define('idcta/translations', ['idcta-v2/translations'], function(data) {return data;});})();</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var _sf_startpt = (new Date()).getTime(); /*]]>*/</script><style type="text/css">.bbccom_display_none{display:none;}</style><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcomConfig, googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [], bbcdotcomScripts = [], tp = window.tp || []; var bbcdotcom = false; (function(){ if(typeof require !== 'undefined') { require({ paths:{ "bbcdotcom":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/4.2.0/script" } }); } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ var bbcdotcom = { adverts: { keyValues: { set: function() {} } }, advert: { write: function () {}, show: function () {}, isActive: function () { return false; }, layout: function() { return { reset: function() {} } } }, config: { init: function() {}, isActive: function() {}, setSections: function() {}, isAdsEnabled: function() {}, setAdsEnabled: function() {}, isAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAnalyticsEnabled: function() {}, setAssetPrefix: function() {}, setFlagpoles: function() {}, setVersion: function () {}, setJsPrefix: function() {}, setSwfPrefix: function() {}, setCssPrefix: function() {}, setConfig: function() {}, getAssetPrefix: function() {}, getJsPrefix: function () {}, getSwfPrefix: function () {}, getCssPrefix: function () {}, isOptimizelyEnabled: function() {}, isThirdPartyDisabled: function() {}, isThirdPartyDisabledEU: function() {}, setEU: function() {} }, survey: { init: function(){ return false; } }, data: {}, init: function() {}, objects: function(str) { return false; }, locale: { set: function() {}, get: function() {} }, setAdKeyValue: function() {}, utils: { addEvent: function() {}, addHtmlTagClass: function() {}, log: function () {} }, addLoadEvent: function() {} }; /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb !== 'undefined' && typeof orb.fig === 'function') { if (orb.fig('ad') && orb.fig('uk') == 0) { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: (orb.fig('ad') ? 1 : 0), stats: (orb.fig('uk') == 0 ? 1 : 0), statsProvider: orb.fig('ap') }; } } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/wwscripts/data">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (typeof orb === 'undefined' || typeof orb.fig !== 'function') { bbcdotcom.data = { ads: bbcdotcom.data.a, stats: bbcdotcom.data.b, statsProvider: bbcdotcom.data.c }; } if (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/wwscripts/flag">\x3C/script>'); } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ if (window.bbcdotcom && (typeof bbcdotcom.flag == 'undefined' || (typeof bbcdotcom.data.ads !== 'undefined' && bbcdotcom.flag.a != 1))) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 0; } if (/[?|&]ads/.test(window.location.href) || /(^|; )ads=on; /.test(document.cookie) || /; ads=on(; |$)/.test(document.cookie)) { bbcdotcom.data.ads = 1; bbcdotcom.data.stats = 1; } if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcom.assetPrefix = "https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/4.2.0/"; if (/(sandbox|int)(.dev)*.bbc.co*/.test(window.location.href) || /[?|&]ads-debug/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ads-debug=') !== -1) { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/4.2.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.dev.js">\x3C/script>'); } else { document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/4.2.0/script/dist/bbcdotcom.js">\x3C/script>'); } } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://secure-us.imrworldwide.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://me-cdn.effectivemeasure.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://ssc.api.bbc.com/">'); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.googletagservices.com/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://bbc.gscontxt.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://tags.crwdcntrl.net/">'); document.write('<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://ad.crwdcntrl.net/">'); }</script><script type="text/javascript">if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1) { document.write('<meta name="google-site-verification" content="auTeTTwSt_KBY_4iDoR00Lwb7-qzx1IgzJy6ztaWgEI" />'); }</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function(){ var GDPR_COUNTRIES = ['AT', 'BE', 'BG', 'HR', 'CY', 'CZ', 'DK', 'EE', 'FI', 'FR', 'DE', 'GR', 'HU', 'IE', 'IT', 'LV', 'LT', 'LU', 'MT', 'NL', 'PL', 'PT', 'RO', 'SK', 'SI', 'ES', 'SE', 'IS', 'LI', 'NO', 'CH']; if (window.bbcdotcom && (bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 || bbcdotcom.data.stats == 1)) { bbcdotcomConfig = {"adFormat":"standard","adKeyword":"","adMode":"smart","adsEnabled":true,"appAnalyticsSections":"","asyncEnabled":true,"disableInitialLoad":false,"advertInfoPageUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201016055657\/https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/privacy\/cookies\/international\/","advertisementText":"Advertisement","analyticsEnabled":true,"thirdPartyDisabled":false,"sherlockEnabled":false,"appName":"","assetPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201016055657\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/4.2.0\/","customAdParams":[],"customStatsParams":[],"headline":"","id":"","inAssociationWithText":"in association with","keywords":"","language":"","orbTransitional":false,"optimizelyEnabled":true,"palEnv":"live","productName":"","sections":[],"comScoreEnabled":true,"comscoreSite":"bbc","comscoreID":"19293874","comscorePageName":"","slots":"","sponsoredByText":"is sponsored by","adsByGoogleText":"Ads by Google","summary":"","type":"","features":{"testfeature":{"name":"testfeature","envs":["sandbox","int","test"],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null},"lxadverts":{"name":"lxadverts","envs":[],"on":true,"options":{},"override":null}},"staticBase":"\/bbcdotcom","staticHost":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201016055657\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk","staticVersion":"4.2.0","staticPrefix":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20201016055657\/https:\/\/static.bbc.co.uk\/bbcdotcom\/4.2.0","dataHttp":"tps.bbc.com","dataHttps":"www.bbc.com","flagHttp":"www.bbc.co.uk","flagHttps":"www.bbc.co.uk","analyticsHttp":"sa.bbc.com","analyticsHttps":"ssa.bbc.com"}; bbcdotcom.config.init(bbcdotcomConfig, bbcdotcom.data, window.location, window.document); bbcdotcom.config.setFlagpoles(bbcdotcom.flag || {}); bbcdotcom.config.setAssetPrefix("https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.bbc.co.uk/bbcdotcom/4.2.0/"); bbcdotcom.config.setVersion("4.2.0"); if (window.bbcuser && window.bbcuser.getCountry && typeof(window.bbcuser.getCountry) === 'function') { window.bbcuser.getCountry().then(function(countryCode) { var isEU = countryCode ? GDPR_COUNTRIES.indexOf(countryCode.toUpperCase()) !== -1 : false; bbcdotcom.config.setEU(isEU); }); } else if (window.orb && window.orb.fig && typeof(window.orb.fig) === 'function') { bbcdotcom.config.setEU(window.orb.fig('eu')); } document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); if (/[?|&]ex-dp/.test(window.location.href) || document.cookie.indexOf('ex-dp=') !== -1) { bbcdotcom.utils.addHtmlTagClass('bbcdotcom-ex-dp'); } } })(); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">var initOptimizely = (function(isEnabled){ if(!isEnabled) return; var logger = window.bbcdotcom.Logger('bbcdotcom:head:optimizely'); /* Allow Optimizely in these paths */ var allowPaths = ['/', '/wwhp']; /* Only run on optimizely on homepage */ if (bbcdotcom.utils && allowPaths.indexOf(window.location.pathname) !== -1){ /* set correct OptimizelyURL for prod or sandbox */ var optimizelyURL = "https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/bbccom_sandbox.js"; if(window.location.hostname === 'www.bbc.com') { optimizelyURL = "https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://cdn.optimizely.com/public/4621041136/s/bbccom_prod.js"; } /* Set cookie to 1 year */ window['optimizely'] = window['optimizely'] || []; window['optimizely'].push({ "type": "cookieExpiration", "cookieExpirationDays": 365 }); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="'+optimizelyURL+'">\x3C/script>'); } })( bbcdotcom.config.isOptimizelyEnabled() );</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if ( window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.ads && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isGrapeshotEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isGrapeshotEnabled() && bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService && !bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService() ) { var gs_channels="DEFAULT"; (function () { var gsurl = window.location.href.split("?")[0]; bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://bbc.gscontxt.net/?url='+encodeURIComponent(gsurl)}); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameActive && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameActive()&& bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isLotameEnabled()){ (function () { var clientId, lotameUrl, lotameAudienceUrl; clientId = (bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService && bbcdotcom.config.isWorldService()) ? '10826' : '10816'; lotameUrl = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://tags.crwdcntrl.net/c/'+clientId+'/cc.js?ns='+clientId; lotameAudienceUrl = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://ad.crwdcntrl.net/5/c=10815/pe=y/var=ccauds'; bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:lotameUrl,id:"LOTCC"+clientId}); bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:lotameAudienceUrl}); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ /** * ASYNC waits to make any gpt requests until the bottom of the page */ if ( window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.ads && bbcdotcom.data.ads == 1 && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcom.config.isAsync && bbcdotcom.config.isAsync() && bbcdotcom.config.isAdsEnabled && bbcdotcom.config.isAdsEnabled() ) { (function () { bbcdotcomScripts.push({src:'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'}); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ /* Load Lotame, Grapeshot and GPT without blocking rendering but executing in order */ if ( window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config && bbcdotcomScripts.length > 0 ) { (function () { bbcdotcom.checkThirdPartyFirst(function(){ if (!bbcdotcom.config.isThirdPartyDisabledEU()){ bbcdotcomScripts.forEach(function(item) { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.async = false; if(item.id) script.id = item.id; script.src = item.src; document.head.appendChild(script); }); } }); })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.head = true; }()); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">// Globally available search context window.SEARCHBOX={"variant":"default","locale":"en","feature":"","navSearchboxStaticPrefix":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/98f174438ebc473063e6dde132503cbb/","searchboxAppStaticPrefix":"https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/98f174438ebc473063e6dde132503cbb/drawer","searchFormHtml":"<div tabindex=\"-1\" data-reactroot=\"\"><div><section class=\"se-searchbox-panel\"><div class=\"se-g-wrap\"><div class=\"se-g-layout\"><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox-title\" aria-hidden=\"true\">search</div><div class=\"se-g-layout__item se-searchbox\"><form accept-charset=\"utf-8\" id=\"searchboxDrawerForm\" method=\"get\" action=\"https://search.bbc.co.uk/search\"><label class=\"se-searchbox__input\" for=\"se-searchbox-input-field\"><span class=\"se-sr-only\">Search Term</span><input type=\"text\" name=\"q\" value=\"\" id=\"se-searchbox-input-field\" class=\"se-searchbox__input__field\" maxLength=\"512\" autoComplete=\"off\" autoCorrect=\"off\" autoCapitalize=\"off\" spellcheck=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"/></label><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"scope\" value=\"\"/><button type=\"submit\" class=\"se-searchbox__submit\" tabindex=\"0\" data-bbc-container=\"se-searchbox-panel\" data-bbc-title=\"search-icon\" data-bbc-metadata=\"{"PAR":"form::1","CHD":"button::1"}\">Search</button><button type=\"button\" class=\"se-searchbox__clear se-searchbox__clear--visible\" tabindex=\"0\" data-bbc-container=\"se-searchbox-panel\" data-bbc-title=\"clear-icon\" data-bbc-metadata=\"{"PAR":"form::1","CHD":"button::2"}\">Close</button></form></div></div></div></section><div aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" class=\"se-suggestions-container\"><section class=\"se-g-wrap\"></section></div></div></div>","searchScopePlaceholder":"","searchScopeParam":"","searchScopeTemplate":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperStart":"","searchPlaceholderWrapperEnd":""}; window.SEARCHBOX.suppress = false; window.SEARCHBOX.searchScope = SEARCHBOX.searchScopeTemplate.split('-')[0];</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657cs_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/searchbox/98f174438ebc473063e6dde132503cbb/css/main.css"><script type="text/javascript">require.config({ "paths": { "orb/async/_footerpromo": 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/navpromo/1a758b67be1b457163af81ff41c92946/js/async/_footerpromo' } });</script> <script type="text/javascript">"use strict";!function(){window.__reverbStaticLocation="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://mybbc-analytics.files.bbci.co.uk/reverb-client-js/",window.__smarttagVersion="5.18.2",window.__reverb={},window.__reverb.__reverbLoadedPromise=new Promise(function(e,n){window.__reverb.__resolveReverbLoaded=e,window.__reverb.__rejectReverbLoaded=n}),window.__reverb.__reverbTimeout=setTimeout(function(){window.__reverb.__rejectReverbLoaded()},5e3);var n=function(r,d){window.__reverb.__reverbLoadedPromise.then(function(e){if(r&&r.detail){var n=r.detail.label,t=r.detail.type,i=r.detail.elem,o=r.detail.originalEvent;r.detail.isClick&&(d=r.detail.isClick),e.userActionEvent(t,n,r.detail,i,o,d)}},function(){console.log("Reverb failed to load. Event not sent")})};document.addEventListener("bbc-user-event",function(e){n(e,!1)}),document.addEventListener("bbc-user-click",function(e){n(e,!0)}),document.addEventListener("bbc-page-updated",function(){window.__reverb.__reverbLoadedPromise.then(function(e){e.initialise().then(function(){return e.viewEvent()})},function(){console.log("Reverb failed to load. Event not sent")})})}();</script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://mybbc-analytics.files.bbci.co.uk/reverb-client-js/reverb-1.4.0.js" async></script><script type="text/javascript">window.__detectview={clickManagementEnabled:false};</script></head><body><noscript><p style="position: absolute; top: -999em"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://a1.api.bbc.co.uk/hit.xiti?&col=1&from=p&ptag=js&s=598253&p=.copyrightaware..my-copyright.&x2=[responsive]&x3=[bbc_website]&x4=[en]&x7=[article]&x8=[reverb-1.4.0-nojs]&x11=[BBC_CORPORATE_PS]&x12=[]" height="1" width="1" alt=""></p></noscript> <div id="bbccom_interstitial_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_interstitial" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isAdsEnabled()) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_interstitial'); }); } }()); /*]]>*/</script></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper_ad" class="bbccom_display_none"></div><div id="bbccom_wallpaper" class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { var wallpaper; if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isAdsEnabled()) { if (bbcdotcom.config.isAsync()) { googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('bbccom_wallpaper'); }); } else if (typeof googletag !== "undefined" && typeof googletag.display === "function") { googletag.display("wallpaper"); } wallpaper = bbcdotcom.adverts.adRegister.getAd('wallpaper'); } }()); /*]]>*/</script></div><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isAdsEnabled()) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAdsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.config.isAnalyticsEnabled()) { document.write(unescape('%3Cscript id="gnlAnalyticsEnabled" class="bbccom_display_none"%3E%3C/script%3E')); } }()); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyFirst = true; }()); /*]]>*/</script> <div id="cookiePrompt"></div> <header id="orb-banner" role="banner" aria-label="BBC"><div id="orb-header" class="orb-nav-pri orb-nav-pri-white orb-nav-empty" dir="ltr"><div class="orb-nav-pri-container b-r b-g-p"><div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-blocks"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/">Homepage</a></div><section><div class="orb-skip-links"><h2>Accessibility links</h2><ul><li><a href="#orb-modules">Skip to content</a></li><li><a id="orb-accessibility-help" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li></ul></div></section><div id="mybbc-wrapper" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-id orb-nav-focus orb-nav-id-default"><div id="idcta-statusbar" class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-focus" data-bbc-container="id-cta" data-bbc-event-type="click" data-bbc-ignore-views="1" data-bbc-metadata="{"id-cta-type": "statusbar-orb"}" data-bbc-source="responsive_web" data-bbc-title="id-cta-sign-in"><a id="idcta-link" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://account.bbc.com/account"><span id="idcta-username">BBC Account</span></a></div><script type="text/javascript">require(['idcta/statusbar'], function (statusbar) {new statusbar.Statusbar({id: 'idcta-statusbar', publiclyCacheable: true});});</script><a id="notification-link" class="js-notification-link animated three" href="#" style="display: none"><span class="hidden-span">Notifications</span><div class="notification-link--triangle"></div><div class="notification-link--triangle"></div><span id="not-num"></span></a></div><nav role="navigation" aria-label="BBC" class="orb-nav"><div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-links orb-nav-focus" id="orb-nav-links"><ul><li class="orb-nav-home"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a></li><li class="orb-nav-news"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport">Sport</a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather">Weather</a></li><li class="orb-nav-iplayer"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer">iPlayer</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds">Sounds</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbbc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc">CBBC</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies">CBeebies</a></li><li class="orb-nav-food"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food">Food</a></li><li class="orb-nav-bitesize"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize">Bitesize</a></li><li class="orb-nav-arts"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts">Arts</a></li><li class="orb-nav-taster"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/taster">Taster</a></li><li class="orb-nav-local"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/localnews">Local</a></li><li class="orb-nav-three"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree">Three</a></li><li id="orb-nav-more" style="width: 88px" aria-controls="orb-panel-more"><a href="#orb-footer" data-alt="More" class="istats-notrack">Menu<span class="orb-icon orb-icon-arrow"></span></a></li></ul></div></nav><div class="orb-nav-section orb-nav-search"><a class="orb-search__button" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" title="Search the BBC">Search</a><form class="b-f" id="orb-search-form" role="search" method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://search.bbc.co.uk/search" accept-charset="utf-8"><div><label for="orb-search-q">Search the BBC</label><input id="orb-search-q" type="text" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" name="q" placeholder="Search"><button id="orb-search-button" class="orb-search__button">Search the BBC</button><input type="hidden" name="suggid" id="orb-search-suggid"></div></form></div></div><div id="orb-panels"></div></div></header>  <div id="orb-modules"> </div><div id="root"><svg id="defs" style="display:none"><defs/><symbol id="gel-icon-up" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 3L0 29h7.2L16 13.7 24.8 29H32L16 3z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-down" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 29L32 3h-7.2L16 18.3 7.2 3H0l16 26z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-previous" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M3 16l26 16v-7.2L14.4 16 29 7.2V0L3 16z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-next" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M29 16L3 0v7.2L17.6 16 3 24.8V32l26-16z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-yes" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M12.9 28.9l19-22.6-3.8-3.2-15.8 18.8-9-7.5-3.2 3.8 12.8 10.7z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-no" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M32 3.5L28.5 0 16 12.5 3.5 0 0 3.5 12.5 16 0 28.5 3.5 32 16 19.5 28.5 32l3.5-3.5L19.5 16 32 3.5z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-loading" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M29.8 8l-3.5 2A12 12 0 1 1 16 4V0a16 16 0 1 0 13.8 8z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-search" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M32 28.5l-8.2-8.2a13 13 0 1 0-3.5 3.5l8.2 8.2zM6.6 19.4A9 9 0 1 1 13 22a8.9 8.9 0 0 1-6.4-2.6z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-alert" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 2L0 30h32zm2 25h-4v-4h4zm-4-6V11h4v10z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-info" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 0a16 16 0 1 0 16 16A16 16 0 0 0 16 0zm2 25h-4V13h4zm0-14h-4V7h4z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-help" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 0a16 16 0 1 0 16 16A16 16 0 0 0 16 0zm2 26h-4v-4h4zm2.6-10c-1.2.9-2.6 1.6-2.6 3.2v.8h-4v-1a5 5 0 0 1 2.5-4.3c1.1-.8 2.5-1.5 2.5-2.9s-1.4-2.4-2.8-2.4a3.7 3.7 0 0 0-3.7 3.6H9a6.8 6.8 0 0 1 7-6.8c5.1 0 7.3 3.1 7.3 5.2s-1.5 3.7-2.7 4.6z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-calendar" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M24 13h4v4h-4zM22 0h2v5h-2zM8 0h2v5H8zM19 13h4v4h-4zM14 13h4v4h-4zM9 13h4v4H9zM24 18h4v4h-4zM19 18h4v4h-4zM14 18h4v4h-4zM9 18h4v4H9zM4 18h4v4H4zM19 23h4v4h-4zM14 23h4v4h-4zM9 23h4v4H9zM4 23h4v4H4z"/><path d="M2 9h30V2h-7v4h-4V2H11v4H7V2H0v7h2zM30 11v19H2V11H0v21h32V11h-2z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-chapters" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M8 0h24v8H8zM16 12h16v8H16zM8 24h24v8H8zM0 23l12-7L0 9v14z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-duration" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M17 15.4V6h-2v10.6l8.8 5.1 1-1.8-7.8-4.5z"/><path d="M16 4A12 12 0 114 16 12 12 0 0116 4m0-4a16 16 0 1016 16A16 16 0 0016 0z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-email" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 19.4l16-15V3H0v26h32V8l-4 4v13H4V8.2zm0-2.8L5.8 7h20.4L16 16.6z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-external-link" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M12 0v5h11.5l-5 5H0v22h22V17.5l-2 2V30H2V12h14.5l-7.8 7.7 3.6 3.6L27 8.5V20h5V0H12z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-link" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M18.5 4.6l-1.7-1.7A9.8 9.8 0 0 0 2.9 16.8l3.4 3.4a9.9 9.9 0 0 0 13.9 0l-3.5-3.5a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-7 0l-3.3-3.4a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 7-7L15.1 8z"/><path d="M13.4 27.4l1.7 1.7a9.9 9.9 0 0 0 13.9 0 9.7 9.7 0 0 0 .1-13.8l-3.5-3.5a9.9 9.9 0 0 0-13.9 0l3.5 3.5a4.9 4.9 0 0 1 7 0l3.4 3.4a4.9 4.9 0 0 1-7 7L16.9 24z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-list" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M0 0v8h32V0H0zm0 17v3h32v-8H0v5zm0 12v3h32v-8H0v5z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-list-thumb" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M0 0h8v8H0zm0 12h8v8H0zm0 12h8v8H0zM11 0v8h21V0H11zm0 17v3h21v-8H11v5zm0 12v3h21v-8H11v5z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-quote" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M0 17v15h15V17H7c.2-5.9 2.4-8.8 8-9.9V0A17.5 17.5 0 0 0 0 17zm32-9.9V0a17.5 17.5 0 0 0-15 17v15h15V17h-8c.2-5.9 2.4-8.8 8-9.9z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-recommend" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 28a12 12 0 1 1 8.1-20.8l-8.7 10.4-5.4-3.8-3 3.5 8.8 6.8 11-13.1 2.8-3.3A16 16 0 1 0 32 16h-4a12 12 0 0 1-12 12"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-play" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M3 32l26-16L3 0v32z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-document" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M21.3 3L27 8.7V29H5V3h16.3m.7-3H2v32h28V8l-8-8z"/><path d="M10 13h12v3H10zm0 4h12v3H10zm0 4h12v3H10z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-film" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28 10l-2 4h-3l2-4h-3l-2 4h-3l2-4h-3l-2 4h-3l2-4h-3l-2 4-3-3h-.1l2-.6-3.1-3.3-1.8.6V32h28V10zm-2 16H6v-2h20zm0-4H6v-2h20zM24.1 4.9L21 1.8l-2.8.8 3.1 3.2 2.8-.9zm-5.7 1.8l-3.1-3.2-2.8.9 3 3.2 2.9-.9z"/><path d="M12.7 8.5L9.6 5.3l-2.9.9 3.1 3.2 2.9-.9zm15.2-4.7L26.7 0l-2.8.9L27 4.1l.9-.3z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-game" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><circle cx="8" cy="11" r="3.5"/><path d="M24 3a8 8 0 0 0-5.3 2h-5.4A8 8 0 0 0 0 11v18h6l6.4-10h7.1L26 29h6V11a8 8 0 0 0-8-8zm0 2a2 2 0 1 1-2 2 2 2 0 0 1 2-2zM8 17a6 6 0 1 1 6-6 6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm12-4a2 2 0 1 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1-2 2zm4 4a2 2 0 1 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1-2 2zm4-4a2 2 0 1 1 2-2 2 2 0 0 1-2 2z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-image" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M9 5V3H4v2H0v24h32V5zm-2.5 8A2.5 2.5 0 1 1 9 10.5 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 13zM20 26a9 9 0 1 1 9-9 9 9 0 0 1-9 9z"/><circle cx="20" cy="17" r="5.5"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-live" viewbox="0 0 56 32"><path d="M0 0h56v32H0z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M4 7.9h4.2v12.4h7.5v3.6H4v-16zm13 0h4.2v16H17v-16zm15.8 16H28l-5-16h4.3l3.1 11.9 3.1-11.9H38l-5.2 16zm6.2-16h12.7v3.3h-8.6V14H51v3.2h-7.8v3H52v3.6H39V7.9z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-new" viewbox="0 0 56 32"><path d="M0 0h56v32H0z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M4 7.9h4.3l5.6 9.8V7.9h3.9v16h-4.3L8 13.9v10H4v-16zm16.2 0h11.4v3.3h-7.2V14h6.5v3.2h-6.5v3h7.4v3.6H20.2V7.9zm28.3 16h-3.8l-2-11-2 11h-3.9l-3.9-16h3.8l2.1 11.7 2.1-11.7h3.6l2.1 11.7 2.1-11.7h3.8l-4 16z" fill="#FFF" fill-rule="nonzero"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-newsletter" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M5 3h22v12h3V0H2v15h3V3z"/><path d="M10 12h12v3H10zm0 4h12v3H10zm0-8h12v3H10z"/><path d="M29.5 16l-.5.3-13 8.1-13-8.1-.5-.3H0v16h32V16zM29 29H3V17.5l13 8.1 13-8.1z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-pc" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M28 4v14H4V5h25m3-4H0v21h32V1zM26.1 27l2.3 2H3.6l2.3-2h20.2m.9-2H5l-5 4v2h32v-2l-5-4z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-podcast" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><circle cx="16" cy="14" r="4"/><path d="M16 6a8 8 0 0 1 5.7 2.3l1.4-1.4A10 10 0 0 0 9 6.9l1.4 1.4A8 8 0 0 1 16 6z"/><path d="M16 2a12 12 0 0 1 8.5 3.5l1.4-1.4a14 14 0 0 0-19.8 0l1.4 1.4A12 12 0 0 1 16 2zm3 30h-6l-3-13h12l-3 13z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-radio" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30 7V1H2v6H0v24h32V7zM4 3h24v4H4zm2 18a2 2 0 112-2 2 2 0 01-2 2zm0-6a2 2 0 112-2 2 2 0 01-2 2zm14 12a8 8 0 118-8 8 8 0 01-8 8z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-rss" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><circle cx="5" cy="27" r="5"/><path d="M25 32h7A32 32 0 0 0 0 0v7a25 25 0 0 1 25 25z"/><path d="M15 32h7A22 22 0 0 0 0 10v7a15 15 0 0 1 15 15z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-tv" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M32 26V1H0v25h12v2.5H6V31h20v-2.5h-6V26zm-20-3.7H4V4.8h24v17.5H12z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-iplayer" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M11 0H3v8h8V4.7L24 16 11 27.3V12H3v20h8l18-16L11 0z"/></symbol><symbol id="ise-icon-sounds" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M12.46041,21.1 L18.0204846,21.1 L11.6737453,12.7862816 C10.7615632,11.5907115 10.5530236,10.5175885 10.5399219,9.82319315 C10.6299245,7.24543102 12.5422517,5.10164132 15.0821687,4.73116599 C17.6220857,4.36069066 20.0619268,5.86966788 20.8773906,8.3153576 C21.1387543,9.09842737 21.213246,9.93228813 21.0948521,10.7496227 L25.7723457,10.7496227 C25.7731401,10.7405335 25.773739,10.7338516 25.773739,10.7323531 C26.032508,7.15330017 24.36461,3.70898442 21.402416,1.70529254 C18.440222,-0.298399347 14.6372591,-0.554691906 11.4353923,1.03358627 C8.23352556,2.62186445 6.12297704,5.81153987 5.90394552,9.39327087 C5.86550813,10.5430385 6.07701763,12.8290994 7.92839184,15.2238263 L12.46041,21.1 Z M24.1716955,16.8037885 C26.02299,19.1923301 26.2344904,21.4724749 26.1960547,22.6192669 C25.98105,26.194799 23.8712234,29.3806768 20.6675913,30.9673505 C17.4639592,32.5540241 13.6578134,32.2981699 10.6941945,30.2969253 C7.73057572,28.2956807 6.06396857,24.855946 6.32711687,21.2836501 C6.32721464,21.2779779 6.33356967,21.2138684 6.34300445,21.1234927 L11.0296336,21.1234927 C10.8802884,21.9832842 10.9468298,22.8668213 11.2232544,23.6943905 C12.0387868,26.1336036 14.4784471,27.6385294 17.0181485,27.2690218 C19.55785,26.8995142 21.470053,24.7614247 21.5601802,22.190445 C21.5471768,21.4979569 21.3386462,20.4275132 20.4265034,19.2350371 L13.9708041,10.8 L19.529356,10.8 L24.1716955,16.8037885 Z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-facebook" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M12.1 32V17H8v-5.4h4.1V7c0-3.6 2.4-7 8-7a35.9 35.9 0 0 1 3.9.2v5.1h-3.7c-2 0-2.3.9-2.3 2.4v3.9h6l-.3 5.4H18v15z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-instagram" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 2.9h6.5a8.9 8.9 0 0 1 3 .6 5 5 0 0 1 1.8 1.2 5 5 0 0 1 1.2 1.8 8.9 8.9 0 0 1 .6 3c.1 1.7.1 2.2.1 6.5s0 4.8-.1 6.5a8.9 8.9 0 0 1-.6 3 5.3 5.3 0 0 1-3 3 8.9 8.9 0 0 1-3 .6h-13a8.9 8.9 0 0 1-3-.6 5 5 0 0 1-1.8-1.2 5 5 0 0 1-1.2-1.8 8.9 8.9 0 0 1-.6-3c-.1-1.7-.1-2.2-.1-6.5s0-4.8.1-6.5a8.9 8.9 0 0 1 .6-3 5 5 0 0 1 1.2-1.8 5 5 0 0 1 1.9-1.2 8.9 8.9 0 0 1 3-.6H16M16 0H9.4a11.7 11.7 0 0 0-3.9.8 7.8 7.8 0 0 0-2.8 1.9A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 .8 5.5a11.7 11.7 0 0 0-.7 3.9C0 11.1 0 11.7 0 16s0 4.9.1 6.6a11.7 11.7 0 0 0 .7 3.9 7.8 7.8 0 0 0 1.8 2.8 7.8 7.8 0 0 0 2.8 1.8 11.7 11.7 0 0 0 3.9.7h13.3a11.7 11.7 0 0 0 3.9-.7 8.2 8.2 0 0 0 4.7-4.7 11.7 11.7 0 0 0 .7-3.9c.1-1.7.1-2.3.1-6.6s0-4.9-.1-6.6a11.7 11.7 0 0 0-.7-3.9 7.8 7.8 0 0 0-1.8-2.8A7.8 7.8 0 0 0 26.5.8a11.7 11.7 0 0 0-3.9-.7z"/><path d="M16 7.8a8.2 8.2 0 1 0 8.2 8.2A8.2 8.2 0 0 0 16 7.8zm0 13.5a5.3 5.3 0 1 1 5.3-5.3 5.3 5.3 0 0 1-5.3 5.3z"/><circle cx="24.5" cy="7.5" r="1.9"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-linkedin" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M7.3 31.5V10.6H.4v20.9zM3.8 7.7a3.6 3.6 0 0 0 3.9-3.6A3.6 3.6 0 0 0 3.9.5 3.6 3.6 0 0 0 0 4.1a3.6 3.6 0 0 0 3.8 3.6zm7.3 23.8H18V19.8a5 5 0 0 1 .2-1.7 3.8 3.8 0 0 1 3.5-2.5c2.5 0 3.5 1.9 3.5 4.7v11.2H32v-12c0-6.4-3.4-9.4-7.9-9.4a6.8 6.8 0 0 0-6.2 3.5v-3h-6.8c.1 2 0 20.9 0 20.9z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-pinterest" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M16 0a16 16 0 0 0-6.4 30.7 14 14 0 0 1 .3-3.7l2.1-8.7a6.1 6.1 0 0 1-.5-2.5c0-2.4 1.4-4.1 3.1-4.1a2.1 2.1 0 0 1 2 2.3c0 1.5-.9 3.7-1.4 5.7a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5 3.1c3 0 5.1-3.9 5.1-8.5s-2.4-6.1-6.7-6.1a7.6 7.6 0 0 0-7.9 7.7A4.6 4.6 0 0 0 9.3 19a.8.8 0 0 1 .2.9l-.3 1.3a.5.5 0 0 1-.8.4c-2.2-.9-3.3-3.4-3.3-6.1 0-4.5 3.8-10 11.4-10s10.1 4.4 10.1 9.2c0 6.3-3.5 11-8.6 11a4.6 4.6 0 0 1-3.9-2L13 28.1a13.3 13.3 0 0 1-1.6 3.4A16 16 0 1 0 16 0z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-share" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M6.8 22.2a5.5 5.5 0 0 0 4-1.8l9 4.8a5.4 5.4 0 0 0-.2 1.3 5.5 5.5 0 1 0 1.5-3.7l-9.5-5.2v-2.7l9.7-5.5a5.5 5.5 0 1 0-1.7-3.9 5.2 5.2 0 0 0 .2 1.6l-9.3 5.7a5.5 5.5 0 1 0-3.8 9.4z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-tumblr" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M18 0v8.2h6.3V13h-6.4v8.3a9.8 9.8 0 0 0 .4 3.3 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 1 1.2 2.9 2.9 0 0 0 1.8.4 7.3 7.3 0 0 0 2.5-.6l1.4 4.6a7.4 7.4 0 0 1-2.9 1.5 10.3 10.3 0 0 1-3.1.3 9.4 9.4 0 0 1-3.4-.6 7.2 7.2 0 0 1-2.6-1.5 7.6 7.6 0 0 1-1.7-2.2 9.3 9.3 0 0 1-1.1-3.8V13H7V8.8A8.1 8.1 0 0 0 10 7a7.7 7.7 0 0 0 2.1-2.9A15.3 15.3 0 0 0 13.2 0z"/></symbol><symbol id="gel-icon-twitter" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M32 6.1a13.2 13.2 0 0 1-3.8 1 6.6 6.6 0 0 0 2.9-3.6 13.3 13.3 0 0 1-4.2 1.6 6.6 6.6 0 0 0-11.3 4.5 6.8 6.8 0 0 0 .2 1.5A18.7 18.7 0 0 1 2.2 4.2a6.6 6.6 0 0 0 2 8.8 6.6 6.6 0 0 1-3-.8 6.6 6.6 0 0 0 5.3 6.4l-1.7.2H3.6a6.6 6.6 0 0 0 6.1 4.6 13.2 13.2 0 0 1-8.2 2.8H0A18.6 18.6 0 0 0 10.1 29c12.1 0 18.7-10 18.7-18.7v-.9A13.4 13.4 0 0 0 32 6.1z"/></symbol></svg><div class="ise-t-pink" id="pageContents"><div class="main-page ise-l-body"><header class="sc-fznZeY dEndTj" role="banner"><div class="primaryTheme"><div class="content titleBar"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/"><div class="titleText">Copyright Aware</div></a><span class="mobile mobileButton"><button class="sc-AxiKw ffzdgQ button clickable primary border iconLeft"><svg class="Icon-module_root__1cvt6 icon" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><use href="#gel-icon-list" role="presentation" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg><span class="text">Menu</span></button></span></div></div><nav><div class="primaryTheme nav"><ul class="mobile content hideMobileNav"><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary wide"><span class="text">Home</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/what-is-copyright" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary wide"><span class="text">What is Copyright?</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/copyright-permissions" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary wide"><span class="text">Copyright & Permissions</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/exceptions" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary wide"><span class="text">Exceptions</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/my-copyright" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary wide active"><span class="text">My Copyright</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/directory" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary wide"><span class="text">Directory</span></a></li></ul><ul class="desktop content"><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary"><span class="text">Home</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/what-is-copyright" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary"><span class="text">What is Copyright?</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/copyright-permissions" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary"><span class="text">Copyright & Permissions</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/exceptions" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary"><span class="text">Exceptions</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/my-copyright" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary active"><span class="text">My Copyright</span></a></li><li class="buttonWrapper"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/directory" class="sc-AxiKw sc-fznKkj jtNzkQ button clickable primary"><span class="text">Directory</span></a></li></ul></div></nav></header><div class="Hero-module_root__2zPVs"><div class="Hero-module_image__iAqMK"><div class="sc-AxmLO ZLvZE"><picture><source media="(min-width: 1280px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p07t96rv.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1920xn/p07t96rv.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 1008px) and (max-width: 1279px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1280xn/p07t96rv.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1664xn/p07t96rv.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 400px) and (max-width: 1007px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/672xn/p07t96rv.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1344xn/p07t96rv.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 399px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400xn/p07t96rv.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800xn/p07t96rv.jpg 2x"><img alt class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p07t96rv.jpg"></picture></div></div><div class="Hero-module_wrapper__QpyR- Hero-module_noOverlay__1HuQE"><div class="Hero-module_layout__3cdDo"><div class="Hero-module_content__3P-H0"><h1 class="Hero-module_title__37pav">My Copyright</h1><span class="Hero-module_description__JtJjV">Copyright is everywhere, and everyone is creating copyright all the time.</span></div></div></div></div><main class="ise-c-main"><div class="gel-wrap"><div class="gel-layout"><nav aria-label="Content list" class="SideNav-module_root__69OOd gel-layout__item gel-1/4@l" role="navigation"><div class="SideNav-module_content__1QSpR"><div class="SideNav-module_header__22Ri7"><svg class="Icon-module_root__1cvt6 SideNav-module_icon__2qR4R" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><use href="#gel-icon-chapters" role="presentation" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg><h2 class="SideNav-module_title__1tIwv">Contents</h2><button class="SideNav-module_button__2kH1l" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open in-page navigation"><svg class="Icon-module_root__1cvt6 SideNav-module_icon__2qR4R SideNav-module_down__2vaja" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><use href="#gel-icon-down" role="presentation" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg></button></div><ul class="SideNav-module_links__1u1uP"><li class="NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w"><a href="#howismyworkprotected?" class="NavItem-module_link__3aQq7">How is my work protected?</a></li><li class="NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w"><a href="#uploadingmyworktotheinternet" class="NavItem-module_link__3aQq7">Uploading my work to the internet</a></li><li class="NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w"><a href="#whatifsomeonewantstousemywork?" class="NavItem-module_link__3aQq7">What if someone wants to use my work?</a></li><li class="NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w"><a href="#howcanibeacknowledgedforuseofmywork?" class="NavItem-module_link__3aQq7">How can I be acknowledged for use of my work?</a></li><li class="NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w"><a href="#relatedlinks" class="NavItem-module_link__3aQq7">Related links</a></li><li class="NavItem-module_root__tNPVJ NavItem-module_anchor__3bR7w"><a href="#copyrightaware" class="NavItem-module_link__3aQq7">Copyright Aware</a></li></ul></div></nav><div class="article-standard ise-l-section gel-layout__item gel-3/4@l"><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">When you draw a sketch or write a paragraph or take a photo, you are creating a copyright work. You create copyright when your idea has a physical expression. This can take the form of an original song you write (when you will own the copyright in the lyrics and music) or even an existing one that you perform or record (when you will own the copyright in your recording and have rights in your performance).</p><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">If you code software for a game, you will own the copyright in your code. The idea for a book you’re yet to write though does not create any copyright because it’s still an idea that hasn’t been expressed.</p><figure class="sc-fzokOt dKgati"><div class="sc-AxheI bVXoMh iPagesPlayerColour"><div class="player"></div></div><figcaption class="caption">My Copyright</figcaption></figure><ul class="sc-AxgMl czUWvO"><li class="item"><svg class="Icon-module_root__1cvt6 icon" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><use href="#gel-icon-document" role="presentation" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg><div class="content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/copyright/The_World_of_Copyright.docx" class="link">Download Video Transcript</a><span class="desc"></span></div></li></ul><h2 class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv" id="howismyworkprotected?">How is my work protected?</h2><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">Copyright protection arises automatically as soon as your work is created. Unlike a patent or trademark you don’t need to register your work to ensure your rights are protected by copyright.</p><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">Copyright is enforceable as a legal right in the courts, so if someone copies the whole or a substantial part of your work without your permission, you may be able to apply to the Court for an injunction (this prevents their continued use of your work). And if you have lost money as a result of this illegal copying then you can also apply for damages or an account of profits (to compensate you for your loss). For further information click on Related Links or go to the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/http://www.bbc.co.uk/copyright/directory" target="_self" title="Directory">Directory</a>.</p><h2 class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv" id="uploadingmyworktotheinternet">Uploading my work to the internet</h2><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">Be aware that uploading your work to many websites and social media sites means in some cases you are effectively being asked to give away control of your copyright to the host site. Sometimes this is permanent and even irrevocable. It’s therefore always important to read the Terms & Conditions of the host site whenever you share your work and be comfortable with what is being asked of you.</p><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">In most other cases even though your work is now public on the internet and other people can see or enjoy it, you still have the right to decide how they can use it.  You should think about the questions in this section, particularly what you want other people to be able to do with it.</p><h2 class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv" id="whatifsomeonewantstousemywork?">What if someone wants to use my work?</h2><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">If other people want to use your work, like your photo, song or novel, in most cases they will need your permission. Permission can take the form of an exchange where you agree with the other person how the work will be used. It’s always recommended to do this in writing. You could choose to give permission by email or letter or in the form of a more comprehensive licence.</p><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">The terms and conditions of a licence can cover what your work is used for, for how long, whether or not you should be credited and whether you want to charge a fee for the use. You don’t need legal qualifications to do this as the copyright owner, but it’s important to understand the terms and conditions you are agreeing to. Legal advice can in some instances help with this.</p><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">Alternatively you could allow other people to use your work by making it available under schemes similar to the IPO's licensing support resources or Creative Commons for certain uses. </p><h2 class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv" id="howcanibeacknowledgedforuseofmywork?">How can I be acknowledged for use of my work?</h2><p class="sc-AxjAm eCfnDv">If you choose to be acknowledged as the creator/owner of the work, this usually takes the form of a pre-agreed credit that appears on, under or next to the work in whatever context it is being used.</p><h2 class="sc-AxhUy fXKzFB" id="relatedlinks">Related links</h2><ul class="sc-AxgMl czUWvO"><li class="item"><svg class="Icon-module_root__1cvt6 icon" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><use href="#gel-icon-link" role="presentation" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg><div class="content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/http://creativecommons.org/" class="link">Creative Commons</a><span class="desc"></span></div></li><li class="item"><svg class="Icon-module_root__1cvt6 icon" preserveaspectratio="xMinYMin meet" viewbox="0 0 32 32"><use href="#gel-icon-link" role="presentation" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/></svg><div class="content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.gov.uk/licensing-intellectual-property" class="link">IPO licensing checklists</a><span class="desc"></span></div></li></ul><h2 class="sc-fzqNJr OnnAa" id="copyrightaware">Copyright Aware</h2><div class="sc-fzoyAV bIFeYa"><ul class="group"><li class="sc-fzqBZW bRHQJj card"><div class="container"><div class="image"><div class="sc-AxmLO ZLvZE"><picture><source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/432x243/p0297h6k.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/864x486/p0297h6k.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 899px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/512x288/p0297h6k.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0297h6k.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 599px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400x225/p0297h6k.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0297h6k.jpg 2x"><img alt class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0297h6k.jpg"></picture></div></div><div class="content"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/what-is-copyright" class="link">What is Copyright?</a><span class="description">How does it work and who is it for?</span></div></div></li><li class="sc-fzqBZW bRHQJj card"><div class="container"><div class="image"><div class="sc-AxmLO ZLvZE"><picture><source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/432x243/p0297tqy.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/864x486/p0297tqy.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 899px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/512x288/p0297tqy.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0297tqy.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 599px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400x225/p0297tqy.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0297tqy.jpg 2x"><img alt class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0297tqy.jpg"></picture></div></div><div class="content"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/copyright-permissions" class="link">Copyright & Permissions </a><span class="description">One piece of work can contain several layers of copyright</span></div></div></li><li class="sc-fzqBZW bRHQJj card"><div class="container"><div class="image"><div class="sc-AxmLO ZLvZE"><picture><source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/432x243/p0297x9l.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/864x486/p0297x9l.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 899px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/512x288/p0297x9l.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0297x9l.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 599px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400x225/p0297x9l.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0297x9l.jpg 2x"><img alt class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0297x9l.jpg"></picture></div></div><div class="content"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/exceptions" class="link">Exceptions </a><span class="description">The legal exceptions for using copyright</span></div></div></li><li class="sc-fzqBZW bRHQJj card"><div class="container"><div class="image"><div class="sc-AxmLO ZLvZE"><picture><source media="(min-width: 900px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/432x243/p0297vw6.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/864x486/p0297vw6.jpg 2x"><source media="(min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 899px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/512x288/p0297vw6.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/1024x576/p0297vw6.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 599px)" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/400x225/p0297vw6.jpg, https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/800x450/p0297vw6.jpg 2x"><img alt class="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/320xn/p0297vw6.jpg"></picture></div></div><div class="content"><a href="/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/my-copyright" class="link">My Copyright</a><span class="description">You create copyright all the time. Find out what you can do with it.</span></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><script async src="/web/20201016055657js_/https://www.bbc.co.uk/copyrightaware/src.f5b59ed4.js"></script> <div id="orb-footer" class="orb-footer" dir="ltr"><div id="navp-orb-footer-promo"></div><aside role="complementary"><div id="orb-aside" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"><div class="orb-footer-inner" role="navigation" aria-label="BBC"><h2 class="orb-footer-lead">Explore the BBC</h2><div class="orb-footer-primary-links"><ul><li class="orb-nav-home"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/">Home</a></li><li class="orb-nav-news"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news">News</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sport"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport">Sport</a></li><li class="orb-nav-weather"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather">Weather</a></li><li class="orb-nav-iplayer"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer">iPlayer</a></li><li class="orb-nav-sounds"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds">Sounds</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbbc"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc">CBBC</a></li><li class="orb-nav-cbeebies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/cbeebies">CBeebies</a></li><li class="orb-nav-food"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/food">Food</a></li><li class="orb-nav-bitesize"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize">Bitesize</a></li><li class="orb-nav-arts"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts">Arts</a></li><li class="orb-nav-taster"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/taster">Taster</a></li><li class="orb-nav-local"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/localnews">Local</a></li><li class="orb-nav-three"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree">Three</a></li></ul></div></div></div></aside><footer role="contentinfo"><div id="orb-contentinfo" class="orb-nav-sec b-r b-g-p"><script>window.orb.worldwideFooterlinks = '<li class="orb-footer-ads"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://advertising.bbcworldwide.com/">Advertise with us<'+'/a><'+'/li><li class="orb-footer-adchoices"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.com/usingthebbc/cookies/how-can-i-change-my-bbc-cookie-settings/">AdChoices / Do Not Sell My Info<'+'/a><'+'/li>';</script><div class="orb-footer-inner"> <ul><li class="orb-footer-terms"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/terms/">Terms of Use</a></li><li class="orb-footer-about"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc">About the BBC</a></li><li class="orb-footer-privacy"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li><li class="orb-footer-cookies"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/usingthebbc/cookies/">Cookies</a></li><li class="orb-footer-accessibility"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/accessibility/">Accessibility Help</a></li><li class="orb-footer-parental"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/guidance">Parental Guidance</a></li><li class="orb-footer-contact"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/contact">Contact the BBC</a></li><li class="orb-footer-newsletter"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcnewsletter">Get Personalised Newsletters</a></li></ul><small><em class="orb-hilight">Copyright © 2020 BBC.</em> The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. <span class="orb-footer-links"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://www.bbc.co.uk/help/web/links/" class="orb-hilight">Read about our approach to external linking.</a></span></small></div></div></footer></div><script id="orb-js-script" data-assetpath="https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864/" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864/js/orb.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">require(['orb/lib/_$'], function($) { $.ready(function() { initialiseFooter(); }); var scrollCheckTimer; var didScroll; var previousPosition = 0; var delta = 5; var PROMO_SHOW_BREAKPOINT = 1500; var pageLength = 0; function initialiseFooter() { // Suppress this feature on browsers we no longer test var myNav = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var oldIE = (myNav.indexOf('msie') !== -1) && parseInt(myNav.split('msie')[1], 10) <= 10; if (!oldIE) { require(['orb/cookies'], function (bbccookies) { var disabledByCookie = (parseInt(bbccookies.get('ckns_nav_promofail')) || 0) >= 3; if (!disabledByCookie) { window.bbcuser.isUKCombined().then(function(isUK) { if (isUK) { setUpLazyLoading(); } }); } }); } } function setUpLazyLoading() { // offsetHeight is expensive to calculate, only do it once. pageLength = Math.abs(document.body.offsetHeight); if (pageLength < getViewportHeight() + 300 || pageLength - getCurrentPosition() < PROMO_SHOW_BREAKPOINT) { loadPromo(); } else { window.onscroll = function () { didScroll = true; }; scrollCheckTimer = setInterval(function () { if (didScroll) { hasScrolled(); didScroll = false; } }, 250); } } function loadPromo() { clearInterval(scrollCheckTimer); require(['orb/async/_footerpromo'], function(promo) { promo.init('https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://navpromo.api.bbci.co.uk', ''); }); } function getViewportHeight() { return window.innerHeight; } function getCurrentPosition() { return Math.abs(window.scrollY || document.body.scrollTop || document.documentElement.scrollTop); } function hasScrolled() { var currentPosition = getCurrentPosition(); if (Math.abs(previousPosition - currentPosition) <= delta) { return; } if (currentPosition > previousPosition) { if ((pageLength - currentPosition) <= PROMO_SHOW_BREAKPOINT) { loadPromo(); } } previousPosition = currentPosition; } })</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ require(['orb/nav'], function(nav) { window.bbcuser.isUKCombined().then(function(isUK) { if (isUK) { nav.loadJs('https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit/1b2e292884201dd13064a9204e177864/js/edr.min.js'); } }); }); /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">require.config({ paths: { "mybbc/templates": '//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/4.0.11/templates', "mybbc/notifications": '//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/4.0.11/js' } }); require(['mybbc/notifications/NotificationsMain', 'idcta/idcta-1'], function (NotificationsMain, idcta) { var loadNotifications = function (isUK) { if (isUK) { window.bbcpage.loadCSS('//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/4.0.11/css/main.min.css').then(function() { NotificationsMain.run(idcta, '//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://mybbc.files.bbci.co.uk/notification-ui/4.0.11/'); }); } }; window.bbcuser.isUKCombined().then(function(isUK) { loadNotifications(isUK); }); });</script><div class="bbccom_display_none"><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && window.bbcdotcom.analytics && bbcdotcom.config && !bbcdotcom.config.isSportApp() && !bbcdotcom.config.isReel()) { bbcdotcom.checkThirdPartyFirst(bbcdotcom.analytics.page, bbcdotcom.analytics); } /*]]>*/</script><noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657im_/https://ssc.api.bbc.com/?c1=2&c2=19293874&ns_site=bbc&name=" height="1" width="1" alt=""></noscript><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.checkThirdPartyFirst(bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.write, bbcdotcom.currencyProviders); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.currencyProviders) { bbcdotcom.checkThirdPartyFirst(bbcdotcom.currencyProviders.postWrite, bbcdotcom.currencyProviders); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ if (window.bbcdotcom && bbcdotcom.data && bbcdotcom.data.stats && bbcdotcom.data.stats === 1 && bbcdotcom.utils && window.location.pathname === '/') { var wwhpEdition = bbcdotcom.utils.getMetaPropertyContent('wwhp-edition'); var _sf_async_config={}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 50924; _sf_async_config.domain = "bbc.co.uk"; _sf_async_config.title = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ' - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.sections = "Homepage"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? ', Homepage - '+wwhpEdition : ''); _sf_async_config.region = wwhpEdition; _sf_async_config.path = "/"+(wwhpEdition !== '' ? '?'+wwhpEdition : ''); /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("language", "javascript"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute('src', '//web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != "function") ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); } /*]]>*/</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ (function() { window.bbcdotcom.bodyLast = true; }()); /*]]>*/</script></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window.SEARCHBOX.suppress === false && window.SEARCHBOX.locale && /^en-?.*?/.test(window.SEARCHBOX.locale)) { require.config({ paths: { "search/searchbox": window.SEARCHBOX.searchboxAppStaticPrefix, } }); if (bbcuser && bbcuser.isUKCombined) { bbcuser.isUKCombined().then(function (isUK) { if (isUK) { require(['search/searchbox/searchboxDrawer'], function (SearchboxDrawer) { SearchboxDrawer.run(window.SEARCHBOX); }); } }); } }</script> <script type="text/javascript">window.COOKIES_STATIC_HOST = 'https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.2-456.e308d0a/cookie-banner/cookie-prompt/';</script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk/orbit-webmodules/0.0.2-456.e308d0a/cookie-banner/cookie-banners.bundle.js" async></script><script type="text/javascript">require(["istats-1","orb/cookies"],function(o,t){if(t.isAllowed("s1"))try{if(!require.s.contexts._.config.paths.idcta)return void i();require(["idcta/idcta-1"],function(t){t&&"function"==typeof t.getIStatsLabels&&o.addLabels(t.getIStatsLabels()),i()},function(t){throw t})}catch(t){console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&console.log("an exception occurred while adding idcta labels to istats, invoking istats without them",t),i()}function i(){o.invoke()}});</script><script type="text/javascript">"use strict";window.__reverb.__reverbLoadedPromise.then(function(e){return e.initialise().then(function(){return e.viewEvent()})},function(){console.log("Failed to load reverb. No event sent")});</script><script src="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016055657js_/https://nav.files.bbci.co.uk//user-activity-helper/1d5fa47d9ba60d5c52b377ec3208b7be/js/detectview.bundle.js" async></script></body></html>