Intra-atomic Charge

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The successive expulsion of one and two particles in three radio-active changes in any order brings the intra-atomic charge of the element back to its initial value, and the element back to its original place in the table, though its atomic mass is reduced by four units. We have recently obtained something like a direct proof of van der Broek’s view that the intra-atomic charge of the nucleus of an atom is not a purely positive charge, as on Rutherford’s tentative theory, but is the difference between a positive and a smaller negative charge. In 1913, only the barest outlines of the structure of the atom had been drawn. Frederick Soddy, although struggling to understand how an electron could be emitted from the nucleus during beta-decay, supported the conclusions of A. van de Broeck - that an element's atomic number, not its atomic weight, is the fundamental parameter determining chemical properties. Soddy introduced the word 'isotope' for elements that occupy the same place in the periodic table and hence have identical properties, though different mass. He also contested \"Rutherford's tentative theory\" that the nucleus has only positive charge. One week later, a rather indignant Ernest Rutherford responded: the nucleus has \"resultant\" positive charge, he said, and as he elaborated, Rutherford came tantalizingly close to postulating the proton.\n","datePublished":"1913-12-01T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"1913-12-01T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"399","pageEnd":"400","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1038/092399c0","keywords":["Science","Humanities and Social Sciences","multidisciplinary"],"image":[],"isPartOf":{"name":"Nature","issn":["1476-4687","0028-0836"],"volumeNumber":"92","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Nature Publishing Group UK","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"FREDERICK SODDY","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Glasgow.","address":{"name":"Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Glasgow.","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".main-content","@type":"WebPageElement"},"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/092399c0"> <meta name="journal_id" content="41586"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Intra-atomic Charge"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Nature 1913 92:2301"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Nature Publishing Group"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="1913-12-01"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="1913 Springer Nature Limited"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="1913 Springer Nature Limited"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="THAT the intra-atomic charge of an element is determined by its place in the periodic table rather than by its atomic weight, as concluded by A. van der Broek (NATURE, November 27, p. 372), is strongly supported by the recent generalisation as to the radio-elements and the periodic law. The successive expulsion of one and two particles in three radio-active changes in any order brings the intra-atomic charge of the element back to its initial value, and the element back to its original place in the table, though its atomic mass is reduced by four units. We have recently obtained something like a direct proof of van der Broek’s view that the intra-atomic charge of the nucleus of an atom is not a purely positive charge, as on Rutherford’s tentative theory, but is the difference between a positive and a smaller negative charge. In 1913, only the barest outlines of the structure of the atom had been drawn. Frederick Soddy, although struggling to understand how an electron could be emitted from the nucleus during beta-decay, supported the conclusions of A. van de Broeck - that an element's atomic number, not its atomic weight, is the fundamental parameter determining chemical properties. 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The successive expulsion of one and two particles in three radio-active changes in any order brings the intra-atomic charge of the element back to its initial value, and the element back to its original place in the table, though its atomic mass is reduced by four units. We have recently obtained something like a direct proof of van der Broek’s view that the intra-atomic charge of the nucleus of an atom is not a purely positive charge, as on Rutherford’s tentative theory, but is the difference between a positive and a smaller negative charge. In 1913, only the barest outlines of the structure of the atom had been drawn. Frederick Soddy, although struggling to understand how an electron could be emitted from the nucleus during beta-decay, supported the conclusions of A. van de Broeck - that an element's atomic number, not its atomic weight, is the fundamental parameter determining chemical properties. Soddy introduced the word 'isotope' for elements that occupy the same place in the periodic table and hence have identical properties, though different mass. He also contested "Rutherford's tentative theory" that the nucleus has only positive charge. One week later, a rather indignant Ernest Rutherford responded: the nucleus has "resultant" positive charge, he said, and as he elaborated, Rutherford came tantalizingly close to postulating the proton."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="SODDY, FREDERICK"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Science, Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Science, multidisciplinary"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="SODDY, FREDERICK"/> <meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Physical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Glasgow."/> <meta name="access_endpoint" content="https://www.nature.com/platform/readcube-access"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@nature"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Intra-atomic Charge"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Nature - In 1913, only the barest outlines of the structure of the atom had been drawn. Frederick Soddy, although struggling to understand how an electron could be emitted from the nucleus during..."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nature.com/articles/092399c0"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Nature"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Intra-atomic Charge - Nature"/> <meta property="og:description" content="In 1913, only the barest outlines of the structure of the atom had been drawn. Frederick Soddy, although struggling to understand how an electron could be emitted from the nucleus during beta-decay, supported the conclusions of A. van de Broeck - that an element's atomic number, not its atomic weight, is the fundamental parameter determining chemical properties. Soddy introduced the word 'isotope' for elements that occupy the same place in the periodic table and hence have identical properties, though different mass. He also contested "Rutherford's tentative theory" that the nucleus has only positive charge. One week later, a rather indignant Ernest Rutherford responded: the nucleus has "resultant" positive charge, he said, and as he elaborated, Rutherford came tantalizingly close to postulating the proton."/> <script> window.eligibleForRa21 = 'true'; </script> </head> <body class="article-page"> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <div class="position-relative cleared z-index-50 background-white" data-test="top-containers"> <a class="c-skip-link" href="#content">Skip to main content</a> <div class="c-grade-c-banner u-hide"> <div class="c-grade-c-banner__container"> <p>Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. 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c-article-section__content--standfirst u-text-bold" lang="en"><p>THAT the intra-atomic charge of an element is determined by its place in the periodic table rather than by its atomic weight, as concluded by A. van der Broek (NATURE, November 27, p. 372), is strongly supported by the recent generalisation as to the radio-elements and the periodic law. The successive expulsion of one and two particles in three radio-active changes in any order brings the intra-atomic charge of the element back to its initial value, and the element back to its original place in the table, though its atomic mass is reduced by four units. We have recently obtained something like a direct proof of van der Broek’s view that the intra-atomic charge of the nucleus of an atom is not a purely positive charge, as on Rutherford’s tentative theory, but is the difference between a positive and a smaller negative charge.</p></div> <noscript> <div class="c-nature-box c-nature-box--side " data-component="entitlement-box"> <div class="js-access-button"> <a href="https://wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F092399c0" class="c-article__button" data-test="ra21"> <svg class="u-icon" width="18" height="18" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use href="#icon-institution"></use></svg> <span class="c-article__button-text">Access through your institution</span> </a> </div> <div class="js-buy-button"> <a href="#access-options" class="c-article__button c-article__button--inverted" data-test="ra21"> <span>Buy or subscribe</span> </a> </div> </div> </noscript> <div 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