CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class='v2' dir='ltr' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml' xmlns:b='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/b' xmlns:data='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/data' xmlns:expr='http://www.google.com/2005/gml/expr'> <head> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/3566091532-css_bundle_v2.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/> <meta content='width=1100' name='viewport'/> <meta content='text/html; charset=UTF-8' http-equiv='Content-Type'/> <meta content='blogger' name='generator'/> <link href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/favicon.ico' rel='icon' type='image/x-icon'/> <link href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/' rel='canonical'/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Eurogenes Blog - Atom" href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Eurogenes Blog - RSS" href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss" /> <link rel="service.post" type="application/atom+xml" title="Eurogenes Blog - Atom" href="https://www.blogger.com/feeds/4123559132014627431/posts/default" />  <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/' property='og:url'/> <meta content='Eurogenes Blog' property='og:title'/> <meta content='Focusing on ancient population genomics' property='og:description'/> <title>Eurogenes Blog: September 2018</title> <style id='page-skin-1' type='text/css'></style> <style id='template-skin-1' type='text/css'></style> <script async='async' src='//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js'></script> <link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=4123559132014627431&zx=17f84499-53bb-43e8-a884-f189c81b8e2a' media='none' onload='if(media!='all')media='all'' rel='stylesheet'/><noscript><link href='https://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?targetBlogID=4123559132014627431&zx=17f84499-53bb-43e8-a884-f189c81b8e2a' rel='stylesheet'/></noscript> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-account' content='ca-host-pub-1556223355139109'/> <meta name='google-adsense-platform-domain' content='blogspot.com'/>  </head> <body class='loading variant-light'> <div class='navbar section' id='navbar' name='Navbar'><div class='widget Navbar' data-version='1' id='Navbar1'><script type="text/javascript"> function setAttributeOnload(object, attribute, val) { if(window.addEventListener) { window.addEventListener('load', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }, false); } else { window.attachEvent('onload', function(){ object[attribute] = val; }); } } </script> <div id="navbar-iframe-container"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> gapi.load("gapi.iframes:gapi.iframes.style.bubble", function() { if (gapi.iframes && gapi.iframes.getContext) { gapi.iframes.getContext().openChild({ url: 'https://www.blogger.com/navbar.g?targetBlogID\x3d4123559132014627431\x26blogName\x3dEurogenes+Blog\x26publishMode\x3dPUBLISH_MODE_BLOGSPOT\x26navbarType\x3dLIGHT\x26layoutType\x3dLAYOUTS\x26searchRoot\x3dhttps://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search\x26blogLocale\x3den\x26v\x3d2\x26homepageUrl\x3dhttps://eurogenes.blogspot.com/\x26vt\x3d6902657913721938211', where: document.getElementById("navbar-iframe-container"), id: "navbar-iframe", messageHandlersFilter: gapi.iframes.CROSS_ORIGIN_IFRAMES_FILTER, messageHandlers: { 'blogger-ping': function() {} } }); } }); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var script = document.createElement('script'); script.type = 'text/javascript'; script.src = '//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/google_top_exp.js'; var head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; if (head) { head.appendChild(script); }})(); </script> </div></div> <div class='body-fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer body-fauxcolumn-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='content'> <div class='content-fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer content-fauxcolumn-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='content-outer'> <div class='content-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left content-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right content-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='content-inner'> <header> <div class='header-outer'> <div class='header-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left header-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right header-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner header-inner'> <div class='header section' id='header' name='Header'><div class='widget Header' data-version='1' id='Header1'> <div id='header-inner'> <div class='titlewrapper'> <h1 class='title'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/'> Eurogenes Blog </a> </h1> </div> <div class='descriptionwrapper'> <p class='description'><span>Focusing on ancient population genomics</span></p> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='header-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </header> <div class='tabs-outer'> <div class='tabs-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left tabs-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right tabs-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner tabs-inner'> <div class='tabs no-items section' id='crosscol' name='Cross-Column'></div> <div class='tabs section' id='crosscol-overflow' name='Cross-Column 2'><div class='widget BlogSearch' data-version='1' id='BlogSearch1'> <h2 class='title'>search this blog</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='BlogSearch1_form'> <form action='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search' class='gsc-search-box' target='_top'> <table cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='gsc-search-box'> <tbody> <tr> <td class='gsc-input'> <input autocomplete='off' class='gsc-input' name='q' size='10' title='search' type='text' value=''/> </td> <td class='gsc-search-button'> <input class='gsc-search-button' title='search' type='submit' value='Search'/> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </form> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='tabs-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='main-outer'> <div class='main-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left main-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right main-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner main-inner'> <div class='columns fauxcolumns'> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-center-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-left-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <div class='fauxcolumn-outer fauxcolumn-right-outer'> <div class='cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='fauxcolumn-inner'> </div> </div> <div class='cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div>  <div class='columns-inner'> <div class='column-center-outer'> <div class='column-center-inner'> <div class='main section' id='main' name='Main'><div class='widget Blog' data-version='1' id='Blog1'> <div class='blog-posts hfeed'> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Wednesday, September 26, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMJpk7szG5RUaBVazVh3EO2hKpwcyxobpkEZ875lXacqQH9Laf16S8hMoTXq48_NZPicJlaO_4o5ZW80_1KTIAijz1fdN9VeEWWSJChKL548scicr1BlDF3vKWC5XLWPa3OxPvv65_my0/s450/Prehistoric_Britain_%2526_Ireland_PCA.png' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='3286612832170910416' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='3286612832170910416'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-hallstatt-effect.html'>The Hallstatt effect (?)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-3286612832170910416' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>Just to see what would happen, I ran a subset of the highest coverage Bronze Age samples from what are now Britain and Ireland in my new Celtic vs Germanic Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Look for the Britain_&_Ireland_BA cluster. The relevant datasheet is available <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cf-rqDyVAN8v-WRPkogVQ-TC9o53qhS7/view?usp=sharing">here</a>.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMJpk7szG5RUaBVazVh3EO2hKpwcyxobpkEZ875lXacqQH9Laf16S8hMoTXq48_NZPicJlaO_4o5ZW80_1KTIAijz1fdN9VeEWWSJChKL548scicr1BlDF3vKWC5XLWPa3OxPvv65_my0/s1600/Prehistoric_Britain_%2526_Ireland_PCA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMJpk7szG5RUaBVazVh3EO2hKpwcyxobpkEZ875lXacqQH9Laf16S8hMoTXq48_NZPicJlaO_4o5ZW80_1KTIAijz1fdN9VeEWWSJChKL548scicr1BlDF3vKWC5XLWPa3OxPvv65_my0/s450/Prehistoric_Britain_%2526_Ireland_PCA.png" /></a></div></br> Perhaps it's not a coincidence that the likely Celtic-speaking Iron Age individuals from present-day England (labeled England_IA) are positioned between these older British and Irish samples and the two ancients from Iron Age burials in present-day Bylany, Czechia, associated with the Hallstatt culture (marked with black stars). That's because the Hallstatt people are generally considered to have been the earliest speakers of Celtic languages.</br></br> Hence, what the PCA might be showing is a genetic shift in the British and Irish Isles caused by the arrival of Hallstatt Celts in Northwestern Europe.</br></br> Interestingly, the present-day English samples appear to be a mixture of Britain_&_Ireland_BA, England_IA and England_Anglo-Saxon. However, a subset of these samples is also heavily shifted "east" towards one of the Hallstatt individuals and present-day Dutch, suggesting that they harbor extra admixture from continental Europe.</br></br> This isn't easy to make out on my plot, because of the clutter, but I can assure you that it's true. Keep in mind that you can plug the datasheet into the PAST program (freely available <a href="https://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/index.html">here</a>) to have a much closer look at the PCA and even change the color coding.</br></br> To check whether England_IA can be modeled as a mixture of Britain_&_Ireland_BA and Hallstatt with formal methods, I ran an analysis with the qpAdm software using all of the publicly available Bronze Age samples from present-day Britain and Ireland. The standard errors are high, likely because Britain_&_Ireland_BA and Hallstatt are closely related, but, overall, we can probably say that the model does limp across the line.</br></br> <blockquote>England_IA</br> <b>Britain_&_Ireland_BA 0.555±0.172</b></br> <b>Hallstatt 0.445±0.172</b></br> chisq 18.513</br> tail prob 0.100973</br> <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FC25MBj_K2ewcI0Aiksntyj_DzQ5i5xP/view?usp=sharing">Full output</a></blockquote></br> However, the really important thing about this output is that England_IA cannot be modeled as simply Britain_&_Ireland_BA (the chisq and tail prob are way off). Thus, even though the Hallstatt samples from Bylany don't appear to be ideal proxies for the admixture in England_IA that is lacking in Britain_&_Ireland_BA, the signal they produce does suggest that a closely related population arrived in the British Isles during or after the Bronze Age to give rise to England_IA.</br></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/03/celtic-probably-not-from-west.html">Celtic probably not from the west</a></br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/celtic-vs-germanic-europe.html">Celtic vs Germanic Europe</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-hallstatt-effect.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-hallstatt-effect.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-26T18:58:00-07:00'>6:58:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/3286612832170910416' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 83 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3286612832170910416&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3286612832170910416&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3286612832170910416&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3286612832170910416&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3286612832170910416&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3286612832170910416&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class='inline-ad'> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4761255028787688" data-ad-slot="3573730424" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Tuesday, September 25, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhQzZ4UfEpXRrMDGPlFkXBkwdLTHOyGu1ZtwMmg9RCvRPNqxlhtHN2ZEwWzQK1MeKzpTdFZFNYPSEvz_YznKlJK9GW6bNkWyB-2qEjh0UoFi56_NhyphenhyphenYP7LoyE8owi7z5buurjcWMnv55-/s450/AmtDB_screen_cap.png' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='5516076367643947296' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='5516076367643947296'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/amtdb-interactive-ancient-human.html'>AmtDB: an interactive ancient human mitogenome database</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-5516076367643947296' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>A very useful resource called <a href="https://amtdb.org/">AmtDB</a> has just come online. For background info, check out the relevant paper by Ehler et al. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gky843/5106144">here</a>. Below is the paper abstract:</br></br> <blockquote>Ancient mitochondrial DNA is used for tracing human past demographic events due to its population-level variability. The number of published ancient mitochondrial genomes has increased in recent years, alongside with the development of high-throughput sequencing and capture enrichment methods. Here, we present AmtDB, the first database of ancient human mitochondrial genomes. Release version contains 1107 hand-curated ancient samples, freely accessible for download, together with the individual descriptors, including geographic location, radiocarbon dating, and archaeological culture affiliation. The database also features an interactive map for sample location visualization. AmtDB is a key platform for ancient population genetic studies and is available at https://amtdb.org.</blockquote></br> To give an example of how this thing works, I'll search for a very specific mitochondrial (mtDNA) haplogroup, H6a1b, which was recorded, perhaps unexpectedly, in a sample from Hittite era Anatolia (individual MA2208 from Damgaard et al. 2018). I say perhaps unexpectedly, because it's a marker that is today, by and large, restricted to Northern Europe. Here are the results...</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhQzZ4UfEpXRrMDGPlFkXBkwdLTHOyGu1ZtwMmg9RCvRPNqxlhtHN2ZEwWzQK1MeKzpTdFZFNYPSEvz_YznKlJK9GW6bNkWyB-2qEjh0UoFi56_NhyphenhyphenYP7LoyE8owi7z5buurjcWMnv55-/s1200/AmtDB_screen_cap.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="723" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhQzZ4UfEpXRrMDGPlFkXBkwdLTHOyGu1ZtwMmg9RCvRPNqxlhtHN2ZEwWzQK1MeKzpTdFZFNYPSEvz_YznKlJK9GW6bNkWyB-2qEjh0UoFi56_NhyphenhyphenYP7LoyE8owi7z5buurjcWMnv55-/s450/AmtDB_screen_cap.png" /></a></div></br> Interestingly, H6a1b only pops up in Copper and Bronze Age individuals from what are now Czechia, Great Britain, Poland and Russia, with not a single instance from the Near East. Moreover, the oldest sample on the list is from an Yamnaya culture burial in Samara, Russia. Thus, if the presence of this marker in the Hittite sample isn't due to contamination or poor quality sequencing, then it's likely that some Hittites belonged to mtDNA haplogroups that arrived in Anatolia from the steppes of what is now Russia.</br></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/08/focus-on-hittite-anatolia.html">Focus on Hittite Anatolia</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/amtdb-interactive-ancient-human.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/amtdb-interactive-ancient-human.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-25T05:43:00-07:00'>5:43:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/5516076367643947296' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 27 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5516076367643947296&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5516076367643947296&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5516076367643947296&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5516076367643947296&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5516076367643947296&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5516076367643947296&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Saturday, September 22, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDtY2kf7Lnt1sDR-vMJ2bSbSFg4fjAMEtgVnY-079lS0hOs_xQXdgaFr_xN2WjzM1rmX7G0c8swV3oJdqWjq_hgSp0GX9lNl0GVRxjJ5cPfw4AZ7w9kUe4GIssciHVhWIP_kgR9myiwlG7/s450/Tambets2018_Fig6.png' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7425481434850427013' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7425481434850427013'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/corded-ware-people-proto-uralics.html'>Corded Ware people =/= Proto-Uralics (Tambets et al. 2018)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7425481434850427013' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>A new paper on the genetic structure of Uralic-speaking populations has appeared at <i>Genome Biology</i> (see <a href="https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1">here</a>). It looks to me like the prelude to a forthcoming paleogenetics paper on the same topic that was discussed in the Estonian media recently (see <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=et&u=https://www.ohtuleht.ee/885967/kes-me-eestlased-oleme-ja-kust-me-parineme&prev=search">here</a>). Although not exactly ground breaking (because it basically argues what I've been saying at this blog for years, like <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/09/uralic-genes.html">here</a>), it's a very nice effort all round and must be read by anyone with an interest in this topic. From the paper, emphasis is mine:</br></br> <blockquote>Background The genetic origins of Uralic speakers from across a vast territory in the temperate zone of North Eurasia have remained elusive. Previous studies have shown contrasting proportions of Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestry in their mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools. While the maternal lineages reflect by and large the geographic background of a given Uralic-speaking population, the frequency of Y chromosomes of Eastern Eurasian origin is distinctively high among European Uralic speakers. The autosomal variation of Uralic speakers, however, has not yet been studied comprehensively.</br></br> Results: Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of 15 Uralic-speaking populations which cover all main groups of the linguistic family. We show that contemporary Uralic speakers are genetically very similar to their local geographical neighbours. However, when studying relationships among geographically distant populations, <b>we find that most of the Uralic speakers and some of their neighbours share a genetic component of possibly Siberian origin. Additionally, we show that most Uralic speakers share significantly more genomic segments identity-by-descent with each other than with geographically equidistant speakers of other languages. We find that correlated genome-wide genetic and lexical distances among Uralic speakers suggest co-dispersion of genes and languages.</b> Yet, we do not find long-range genetic ties between Estonians and Hungarians with their linguistic sisters that would distinguish them from their non-Uralic-speaking neighbours.</br></br> Conclusions: <b>We show that most Uralic speakers share a distinct ancestry component of likely Siberian origin, which suggests that the spread of Uralic languages involved at least some demic component.</b></br></br> ...</br></br> Recent aDNA studies have shown that extant European populations draw ancestry form three main migration waves during the Upper Palaeolithic, the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age [2, 3, 45]. <b>The more detailed reconstructions concerning NE Europe up to the Corded Ware culture agree broadly with this scenario and reveal regional differences [65–67]. However, to explain the demographic history of extant NE European populations, we need to invoke a novel genetic component in Europe—the Siberian.</b> The geographic distribution of the main part of this component is likely associated with the spread of Uralic speakers but gene flow from Siberian sources in historic and modern Uralic speakers has been more complex, as revealed also by a recent study of ancient DNA from Fennoscandia and Northwest Russia [68]. <b>Thus, the Siberian component we introduce here is not the perfect but still the current best candidate for the genetic counterpart in the spread of Uralic languages.</b></blockquote></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDtY2kf7Lnt1sDR-vMJ2bSbSFg4fjAMEtgVnY-079lS0hOs_xQXdgaFr_xN2WjzM1rmX7G0c8swV3oJdqWjq_hgSp0GX9lNl0GVRxjJ5cPfw4AZ7w9kUe4GIssciHVhWIP_kgR9myiwlG7/s1200/Tambets2018_Fig6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="891" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDtY2kf7Lnt1sDR-vMJ2bSbSFg4fjAMEtgVnY-079lS0hOs_xQXdgaFr_xN2WjzM1rmX7G0c8swV3oJdqWjq_hgSp0GX9lNl0GVRxjJ5cPfw4AZ7w9kUe4GIssciHVhWIP_kgR9myiwlG7/s450/Tambets2018_Fig6.png" /></a></div></br> Citation...</br></br> Tambets et al., <a href="https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1">Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations</a>, <i>Genome Biology</i>, (2018) 19:139 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1</br></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/12/big-deal-of-2019-ancient-dna.html">Big deal of 2019: ancient DNA confirms the link between Y-haplogroup N and Uralic expansions</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/corded-ware-people-proto-uralics.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/corded-ware-people-proto-uralics.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-22T02:57:00-07:00'>2:57:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/7425481434850427013' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 73 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7425481434850427013&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7425481434850427013&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7425481434850427013&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7425481434850427013&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7425481434850427013&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7425481434850427013&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/ancient%20DNA' rel='tag'>ancient DNA</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Corded%20Ware%20Culture' rel='tag'>Corded Ware Culture</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/CWC' rel='tag'>CWC</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Finnic' rel='tag'>Finnic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Finno-Ugric' rel='tag'>Finno-Ugric</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Indo-European' rel='tag'>Indo-European</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/N-L1026' rel='tag'>N-L1026</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/N1c' rel='tag'>N1c</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Northern%20Europe' rel='tag'>Northern Europe</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Proto-Uralic' rel='tag'>Proto-Uralic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/R1a' rel='tag'>R1a</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/R1a-M417' rel='tag'>R1a-M417</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/R1a-Z645' rel='tag'>R1a-Z645</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Saami' rel='tag'>Saami</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Siberia' rel='tag'>Siberia</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Uralic' rel='tag'>Uralic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Urals' rel='tag'>Urals</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Friday, September 21, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='3971341342469401905' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='3971341342469401905'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/dzudzuana-ice-age-foragers-different.html'>Dzudzuana Ice Age foragers: a different type of Caucasus hunter-gatherer (Lazaridis et al. 2018 preprint)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-3971341342469401905' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>Over at <i>bioRxiv</i> at this <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/09/20/423079">LINK</a>. Below is the abstract. Emphasis is mine.</br></br> <blockquote>The earliest ancient DNA data of modern humans from Europe dates to ~40 thousand years ago, but that from the Caucasus and the Near East to only ~14 thousand years ago, from populations who lived long after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ~26.5-19 thousand years ago. To address this imbalance and to better understand the relationship of Europeans and Near Easterners, we report genome-wide data from two ~26 thousand year old individuals from Dzudzuana Cave in Georgia in the Caucasus from around the beginning of the LGM. Surprisingly, the Dzudzuana population was more closely related to early agriculturalists from western Anatolia ~8 thousand years ago than to the hunter-gatherers of the Caucasus from the same region of western Georgia of ~13-10 thousand years ago. <b>Most of the Dzudzuana population's ancestry was deeply related to the post-glacial western European hunter-gatherers of the 'Villabruna cluster', but it also had ancestry from a lineage that had separated from the great majority of non-African populations before they separated from each other, proving that such 'Basal Eurasians' were present in West Eurasia twice as early as previously recorded.</b> We document major population turnover in the Near East after the time of Dzudzuana, showing that the highly differentiated Holocene populations of the region were formed by 'Ancient North Eurasian' admixture into the Caucasus and Iran and North African admixture into the Natufians of the Levant. We finally show that the Dzudzuana population contributed the majority of the ancestry of post-Ice Age people in the Near East, North Africa, and even parts of Europe, thereby becoming the largest single contributor of ancestry of all present-day West Eurasians.</blockquote></br> Lazaridis et al., <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/09/20/423079">Paleolithic DNA from the Caucasus reveals core of West Eurasian ancestry</a>, <i>bioRxiv</i>, posted September 21, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/423079</br></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/05/villabruna-cluster-near-eastern-migrants.html">Villabruna cluster =/= Near Eastern migrants</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/dzudzuana-ice-age-foragers-different.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/dzudzuana-ice-age-foragers-different.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-21T04:28:00-07:00'>4:28:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/3971341342469401905' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 51 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3971341342469401905&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3971341342469401905&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3971341342469401905&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3971341342469401905&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3971341342469401905&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=3971341342469401905&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Thursday, September 20, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='651821645014525807' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='651821645014525807'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/early-anatolian-farmers-were.html'>Early Anatolian farmers were overwhelmingly of local hunter-gatherer origin (Feldman et al. 2018 preprint)</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-651821645014525807' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>Over at <i>bioRxiv</i> at this <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/09/20/422295">LINK</a>. The dataset in this preprint includes just one Anatolian hunter-gatherer, but that's enough to make the point that in Anatolia, unlike in Europe, there was very strong genetic continuity between the local foragers and earliest farmers. His Y-chromosome haplogroup is an interesting one: C1a2, which has been recorded in European remains from the Upper Paleolithic. Below is the abstract and a pertinent quote. I think this preprint basically confirms what I argued about the origin of the so called Villabruna hunter-gatherer clade back in 2016 (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/05/villabruna-cluster-near-eastern-migrants.html">here</a>). Emphasis is mine.</br></br> <blockquote>Anatolia was home to some of the earliest farming communities. It has been long debated whether a migration of farming groups introduced agriculture to central Anatolia. Here, we report the first genome-wide data from a 15,000 year-old Anatolian hunter-gatherer and from seven Anatolian and Levantine early farmers. <b>We find high genetic continuity between the hunter-gatherer and early farmers of Anatolia and detect two distinct incoming ancestries: an early Iranian/Caucasus related one and a later one linked to the ancient Levant. Finally, we observe a genetic link between southern Europe and the Near East predating 15,000 years ago that extends to central Europe during the post-last-glacial maximum period.</b> Our results suggest a limited role of human migration in the emergence of agriculture in central Anatolia.</br></br> ...</br></br> Among the Later European HG, recently reported Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from the Balkan peninsula, which geographically connects Anatolia and central Europe (‘Iron Gates HG’) [18], are genetically closer to AHG when compared to all the other European hunter-gatherers, as shown in the significantly positive statistic D(Iron_Gates_HG, European hunter-gatherers; AHG, Mbuti/Altai). Iron Gates HG are followed by Epigravettian and Mesolithic individuals from Italy and France (Villabruna [14] and Ranchot88 respectively [17]) as the next two European hunter-gatherers genetically closest to AHG [20] (Fig. 3A and data table S5). Iron Gates HG have been suggested to be genetically intermediate between WHG and eastern European hunter-gatherers (EHG) with an additional unknown ancestral component [18]. We find that Iron Gates HG can be modeled as a three-way mixture of Near-Eastern hunter-gatherers (25.8 ± 5.0 % AHG or 11.1 ± 2.2 % Natufian), WHG (62.9 ± 7.4 % or 78.0 ± 4.6 % respectively) and EHG (11.3 ± 3.3 % or 10.9 ± 3 % respectively); (tables S4 and S9). The affinity detected by the above D-statistic can be explained by gene flow from Near-Eastern hunter-gatherers into the ancestors of Iron Gates or by a gene flow from a population ancestral to Iron Gates into the Near-Eastern hunter-gatherers as well as by a combination of both. To distinguish the direction of the gene flow, we examined the Basal Eurasian ancestry component (伪), which is prevalent in the Near East [6] but undetectable in European hunter-gatherers [17]. Following a published approach [6], we estimated 伪 to be 24.8 ± 5.5 % in AHG and 38.5 ± 5.0 % in Natufians (Fig. 3B, table S10), consistent with previous estimates for the latter [6]. Under the model of unidirectional gene flow from Anatolia to Europe, 6.4 % is expected for 伪 of Iron Gates by calculating (% AHG in Iron Gates HG) × (伪 in AHG). However, Iron Gates can be modeled without any Basal Eurasian ancestry or with a non-significant proportion of 1.6 ± 2.8 % (Fig. 3B, table S10), suggesting that unidirectional gene flow from the Near East to Europe alone is insufficient to explain the extra affinity between the Iron Gates HG and the Near-Eastern hunter-gatherers. <b>Thus, it is plausible to assume that prior to 15,000 years ago there was either a bidirectional gene flow between populations ancestral to Southeastern Europeans of the early Holocene and Anatolians of the late glacial or a dispersal of Southeastern Europeans into the Near East. Presumably, this Southeastern European ancestral population later spread into central Europe during the post-last-glacial maximum (LGM) period, resulting in the observed late Pleistocene genetic affinity between the Near East and Europe.</b></blockquote></br> Feldman et al., <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/09/20/422295">Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia</a>, <i>biRxiv</i>, posted September 20, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/422295 <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/early-anatolian-farmers-were.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/early-anatolian-farmers-were.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-20T15:42:00-07:00'>3:42:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/651821645014525807' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 16 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=651821645014525807&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=651821645014525807&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=651821645014525807&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=651821645014525807&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=651821645014525807&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=651821645014525807&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Sunday, September 16, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMLVFVNg3OLg3dOcSOnS9XPpvI-sA1Rx2eZzS-IOfQsGxXDyFPueIOwpvPiXQZesu6F99__qtRdVyW4Wbq6ONi25fc3t5a5TAZilq7U4WkoaDu74hUP9lm55Maq9qsOxtenWp0jKD79-yD/s480/Celto-Germanic_PCA.png' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='8118402644030228527' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='8118402644030228527'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/celtic-vs-germanic-europe.html'>Celtic vs Germanic Europe</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-8118402644030228527' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>I have a feeling that ancient DNA from post-Bronze Age Northwestern Europe will be coming thick and fast from now on. To get the most out of such data I've designed a new Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that does a better job of separating the Celtic- and Germanic-speaking populations of Europe than my previous efforts of this sort (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/08/global25-workshop-3-genes-vs-geography.html">here</a> and <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/10/genetic-and-linguistic-structure-across.html">here</a>). Below are two different versions of the same PCA. The relevant datasheet is available <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZAEBLy8FUPZiTu_cAWJzhLbMGEdgHZdH/view?usp=sharing">here</a>.</br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMLVFVNg3OLg3dOcSOnS9XPpvI-sA1Rx2eZzS-IOfQsGxXDyFPueIOwpvPiXQZesu6F99__qtRdVyW4Wbq6ONi25fc3t5a5TAZilq7U4WkoaDu74hUP9lm55Maq9qsOxtenWp0jKD79-yD/s1600/Celto-Germanic_PCA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="706" data-original-width="1218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMLVFVNg3OLg3dOcSOnS9XPpvI-sA1Rx2eZzS-IOfQsGxXDyFPueIOwpvPiXQZesu6F99__qtRdVyW4Wbq6ONi25fc3t5a5TAZilq7U4WkoaDu74hUP9lm55Maq9qsOxtenWp0jKD79-yD/s480/Celto-Germanic_PCA.png" /></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhINsGGEBBeJZSmrP8_ToEPytFmfPpwfGoPEs1PiHy7_BtLBP1DK0aP9z9e3RMKAjWziZJR3pDP2mo1tOQ5-vUZWJSSk_hctLbALDbr9DxF-XZguK8jjOSmDeNZO1ozVCYVhOKflcjirKPh/s1600/Celto-Germanic_PCA2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="706" data-original-width="1218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhINsGGEBBeJZSmrP8_ToEPytFmfPpwfGoPEs1PiHy7_BtLBP1DK0aP9z9e3RMKAjWziZJR3pDP2mo1tOQ5-vUZWJSSk_hctLbALDbr9DxF-XZguK8jjOSmDeNZO1ozVCYVhOKflcjirKPh/s480/Celto-Germanic_PCA2.png" /></a></div></br> And here's a Discrimination Analysis (LDA) plot based on the 25 principal components. It further differentiates many of the populations along the east > west cline of genetic diversity.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyHWzDz6ewSCrKdeJCPwGXb-6YTNKjGhkvfxuqHBnHbFoxKFeY29cQkb9-VH7ZdaP7EI760qxZIGIQEgkL_EIx72P26SCJ0eehCB5CEmEmgY4Ee95Xx6qCaTJ5VsMA3AHhwnUwiikWwPZX/s1600/Celto-Germanic_LDA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="685" data-original-width="1210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyHWzDz6ewSCrKdeJCPwGXb-6YTNKjGhkvfxuqHBnHbFoxKFeY29cQkb9-VH7ZdaP7EI760qxZIGIQEgkL_EIx72P26SCJ0eehCB5CEmEmgY4Ee95Xx6qCaTJ5VsMA3AHhwnUwiikWwPZX/s480/Celto-Germanic_LDA.png" /></a></div></br> The difference between the Germanic Anglo-Saxons and the Celtic and Roman Britons of what is now eastern England is obvious. The Anglo-Saxons could pass for Scandinavians, while the Celts and Romans both cluster between the Irish and French. This makes good sense, and is exactly what I was looking for. It's also interesting to see the presumably Celtic-speaking Hallstatt samples from Bylany, Czechia, clustering with the Belgians.</br></br> <b>Update 14/12/2019:</b> Pictured below is a new version of my Celtic vs Germanic genetic map. It's based on the same Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as the original, but more focused on Northwestern Europe and produced with a different program.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj051SHGHYthtQm4eDb345J4ctiPLFnELFUr8rMukoj9FQIQHn-0okUpNRklPqSiXkOq9kRLg6AFYnY3Q4MXV_QP4lwPb98vfOGQzvUiMyynBQ9qzZ8QvdeiiGevdfCMtIH2VYAkJp2BxXf/s1600/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj051SHGHYthtQm4eDb345J4ctiPLFnELFUr8rMukoj9FQIQHn-0okUpNRklPqSiXkOq9kRLg6AFYnY3Q4MXV_QP4lwPb98vfOGQzvUiMyynBQ9qzZ8QvdeiiGevdfCMtIH2VYAkJp2BxXf/s480/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap1.png" /></a></div></br> To see the interactive online version, navigate to <a href="https://vahaduo.github.io/custompca/">Vahaduo Custom PCA</a> and copy paste the text from <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=15jg4asZD-cZK2cG_J_hN_vtQoZ7wM0R3">here</a> into the empty space under the PCA DATA tab. Then press the PLOT PCA button under the PCA PLOT tab. For more guidance, refer to the screen caps <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0GDxNFM3ku3fdKQJKC3hvdniZ13I9u0FkKYCpONNFSoqtb0PrbZ908ObObpSnobfoBFVFHzNeQlcJPOVixbKqPiJnah0nWcCNvqpBcdqr9DBbOdBva66K5EgVjU_LE-v5F_evheyYrpru/s1600/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap3.png">here</a> and <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnmlvmoSzdK9MzEuWwZBYijpt8L4Sdo3Cxckp1EPt0x6BlAQJH-uOUG489QZ1C58lS0bxPrYIzqtBmsem-9tbBiuBoerQf4B9gs1AlvqzJ7MHP5CCpcAJYAOVOUFpnKxt3z27kyTM-vtX_/s1600/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap4.png">here</a>.</br></br> To include a wider range of populations in the key, just edit the data accordingly. For instance, to break up the ancient grouping into more specific populations, delete the <i>Ancient:</i> prefix in all of the relevant rows. This is what you should see:</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIermZ8V55Jt7ZaYTwl-h1W6UraSb4oM3iIB_PoB3kzuiSy1r71XLCAb1BlELvybygtTca1clElBJsrbumBtN_zWu8KpkF7SyZSihBkKqV3Xw5JQD99JqaAC2Jgad8KG1xWyY9_pFdQYP-/s1600/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIermZ8V55Jt7ZaYTwl-h1W6UraSb4oM3iIB_PoB3kzuiSy1r71XLCAb1BlELvybygtTca1clElBJsrbumBtN_zWu8KpkF7SyZSihBkKqV3Xw5JQD99JqaAC2Jgad8KG1xWyY9_pFdQYP-/s480/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap2.png" /></a></div></br> Conversely, you can leave the ancient sample set intact and instead reorder the present-day linguistic groupings into, say, geographic groupings. To achieve this just delete all of the linguistic prefixes, such as <i>Celtic:</i>, <i>Germanic:</i>, and so on. You should end up with a datasheet like <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HijZbNXeJjkMVVBSFDHoPqaK9eVjl8s9">this</a> and plot like <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkTyw7M4Uv7mFdirKoCXT1hHdLXjH7rGjiidGUrAP999IQrGQO_FJotEj2H5km-rbJD35PVVn495ACYsloDdqM14GOMCxotNyUUW7S4wK6WNIqONO04jDWft9VxRR-oag1bI6IE67eRyig/s1600/Avalon_vs_Valhalla_screen_cap5.png">this</a>.</br></br> <b>Of course, you can design your own plot by using any combination of the ancient and present-day individuals and populations that I've already run in this PCA. Their coordinates are listed <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1k5XB-kQUul8yFC5reGLQw2-7HOdxrBij">here</a>. Indeed, if you're in the possession of your own Celtic vs Germanic PCA coordinates, you can add yourself to the plot. And if you're not, see <a href="https://bga101.blogspot.com/2021/08/genetic-ancestry-online-store.html">here</a>.</b></br></br> It's also possible to re-process PCA data via the SOURCE tab. But I don't recommend doing this with the Celtic vs Germanic data, which are derived from a fine scale analysis and don't pack much variation. On the other hand, Global25 data are ideal for such re-processing. I made the plots below from subsets of Global25 coordinates available in a zip file <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1I8HRIf-F61Ytk-Mhz-vmGnhvOk21fF6e">here</a>. To see how, refer to the screen caps <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUU6YSBCuNlwFiG2oXF9fF8RE7JydC7nggFTyxcYgdLLH1crHfv-194viwqMeOJBbLD35KCa5LsJh0KW7fo6YrI8z3Tahb7RRtLISKU3AbBp8YDKljD8Wl0ZN7Xw_sP8QgIlV1QIaVxgI2/s1600/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap4.png">here</a> and <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEXCUOM6T2hpdzuqNBEuCDewdStRPTWInAxA2MuPqmnlEN359WsRu-3QKbacBXdIGL6Qgg1djHoB3zjW7jmizK39f3Bzel-JMUBXS7QbOoezQGj3935qUDCMuV7BpGT4lNQNRBckPTIeOX/s1600/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap5.png">here</a>.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5zMj4kdrs5lUY8WdLWrzN7nEOCg8k5azTIjtym1tTuRKruT0mFkW5_pVE5dK9W2Q_qhiXm-bIPEzRirAaVGB3hnkxGvjg1kIUpGegqCcJrUpXrKqGlOHMbkXcoiOcLJlWhMpeHNwNHLaZ/s1600/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5zMj4kdrs5lUY8WdLWrzN7nEOCg8k5azTIjtym1tTuRKruT0mFkW5_pVE5dK9W2Q_qhiXm-bIPEzRirAaVGB3hnkxGvjg1kIUpGegqCcJrUpXrKqGlOHMbkXcoiOcLJlWhMpeHNwNHLaZ/s480/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap1.png" /></a></div></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSbFDUOT_dhJbhjiKgrku57w-uEjKUHZ3c7WYMtFPL3dszrmtmnH6QW7vs-s1r1RzHm1uAhMVxy0-OJ_AGIkIo64BM7tllP6ttnlx6Fl7RPUim7se2K7J6y21hZt1VTqN-gkakBwnnCNpi/s1600/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSbFDUOT_dhJbhjiKgrku57w-uEjKUHZ3c7WYMtFPL3dszrmtmnH6QW7vs-s1r1RzHm1uAhMVxy0-OJ_AGIkIo64BM7tllP6ttnlx6Fl7RPUim7se2K7J6y21hZt1VTqN-gkakBwnnCNpi/s480/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap2.png" /></a></div></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU9qR08oScKDRqaiRd2wyoyG9YLZODp61yDcGUe1ddk-9e03Uu84wVfx5QG9l8WPryETMw_qug0-K6UOZ-ABoLlzUczZdXi_HWgBdxgJ_rn5InmRIyI79zNXuZOL3cTf58LcoqsCoYn4-W/s1600/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="1299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU9qR08oScKDRqaiRd2wyoyG9YLZODp61yDcGUe1ddk-9e03Uu84wVfx5QG9l8WPryETMw_qug0-K6UOZ-ABoLlzUczZdXi_HWgBdxgJ_rn5InmRIyI79zNXuZOL3cTf58LcoqsCoYn4-W/s480/V_Custom_PCA_screen_cap3.png" /></a></div></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/11/modeling-your-ancestry-has-never-been.html">Modeling your ancestry has never been easier</a></br></br> <a href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/07/getting-most-out-of-global25_12.html">Getting the most out of the Global25</a></br></br> <a href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/02/modeling-genetic-ancestry-with-davidski.html">Modeling genetic ancestry with Davidski: step by step</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/celtic-vs-germanic-europe.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/celtic-vs-germanic-europe.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-16T07:04:00-07:00'>7:04:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/8118402644030228527' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 46 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=8118402644030228527&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=8118402644030228527&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=8118402644030228527&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=8118402644030228527&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=8118402644030228527&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=8118402644030228527&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> Labels: <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/ancient%20DNA' rel='tag'>ancient DNA</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Anglo-Saxon' rel='tag'>Anglo-Saxon</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Avalon' rel='tag'>Avalon</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/British%20Isles' rel='tag'>British Isles</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Celtic' rel='tag'>Celtic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Celtic%20vs%20Germanic' rel='tag'>Celtic vs Germanic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Gaelic' rel='tag'>Gaelic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Germanic' rel='tag'>Germanic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Ireland' rel='tag'>Ireland</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Irish' rel='tag'>Irish</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Nordic' rel='tag'>Nordic</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/North%20Sea' rel='tag'>North Sea</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Northern%20Europe' rel='tag'>Northern Europe</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Northwestern%20Europe' rel='tag'>Northwestern Europe</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/PCA' rel='tag'>PCA</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Scandinavia' rel='tag'>Scandinavia</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Valhalla' rel='tag'>Valhalla</a>, <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search/label/Viking' rel='tag'>Viking</a> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Wednesday, September 12, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtuexHKs7hlLWrAfzn2KXbn4wTyw99aK7bjt6n_SAnIzN4KrjVCCCsfuUDPesQP0LDeHTT0EL8CmYkMD2ZYkHDOigqo3u2u2Slkkl3AJdfRFUmMBUdt26KZmdDUxqMA5c1GryTkR_JPROD/s480/Hungary_%2526_Italy_Medieval_PCA.png' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='5326997358691837821' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='5326997358691837821'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/avars-and-longobards.html'>Avars and Longobards</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-5326997358691837821' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>Most of the "barbarians" from today's <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06024-4">Amorim et al.</a> paper have made it into the <a href="http://bga101.blogspot.com/2019/07/getting-most-out-of-global25.html">Global25</a> datasheets. Look for the samples with Collegno and Szolad in their labels. Same links as always...</br></br> <blockquote><a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1UrhcfNMLW0oMXIbHGUE60v2taCM7PFw1">Global25 datasheet ancient scaled</a></br></br> <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1F2rKEVtu8nWSm7qFhxPU6UESQNsmA-sl">Global25 pop averages ancient scaled</a></a></br></br> <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1YKkEOtyV5SISvmY_FyS4YSLXCxxYt5_W">Global25 datasheet ancient</a></br></br> <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1f0imQyVNZ9RPESNAYIeIkA8fx4wAVNYo">Global25 pop averages ancient</a></blockquote></br> Here's my usual Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of West Eurasian variation with the same individuals. As seen in the paper, the two females from Avar burials are very European indeed, with no hints of any recent Asian ancestry. The relevant datasheet is available <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/18kfU3nW2IOP4SXYggSMHe5ioO94kqTBm/view?usp=sharing">here</a>.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtuexHKs7hlLWrAfzn2KXbn4wTyw99aK7bjt6n_SAnIzN4KrjVCCCsfuUDPesQP0LDeHTT0EL8CmYkMD2ZYkHDOigqo3u2u2Slkkl3AJdfRFUmMBUdt26KZmdDUxqMA5c1GryTkR_JPROD/s1600/Hungary_%2526_Italy_Medieval_PCA.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtuexHKs7hlLWrAfzn2KXbn4wTyw99aK7bjt6n_SAnIzN4KrjVCCCsfuUDPesQP0LDeHTT0EL8CmYkMD2ZYkHDOigqo3u2u2Slkkl3AJdfRFUmMBUdt26KZmdDUxqMA5c1GryTkR_JPROD/s480/Hungary_%2526_Italy_Medieval_PCA.png"/></a></div></br> And this is my Global25-derived North European PCA featuring a subset of these samples that plotted firmly with present-day populations from north of the Alps, Balkans and Pyrenees. The aforementioned Avars (red dots) are sitting within the Polish cluster. The relevant datasheet is available <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IGxlP29guPnUNiIjHpnG5walrpMqcfHG/view?usp=sharing">here</a>.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZDizp9en3f55yXE-amg_mCc5rMW9eucSVl2JAXmGQummxe1cKhxNUjgyZ3Z9i2pafYy7mfI6b287DnzXRCHCLuPUSY80UJyXR5cFd8-6WQmOXyoVIzf2lyCE-qeDU5p8u6OWaGZp34jwK/s1600/Hungary_%2526_Italy_Medieval_PCA2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="1081" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZDizp9en3f55yXE-amg_mCc5rMW9eucSVl2JAXmGQummxe1cKhxNUjgyZ3Z9i2pafYy7mfI6b287DnzXRCHCLuPUSY80UJyXR5cFd8-6WQmOXyoVIzf2lyCE-qeDU5p8u6OWaGZp34jwK/s480/Hungary_%2526_Italy_Medieval_PCA2.png" /></a></div></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/10/greeks-in-longobard-cemetery.html">Greeks in a Longobard cemetery</a></br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/03/first-real-foray-into-migration-period.html">First real foray into Migration Period Europe: the Gepid, Roman, Ostrogoth and others</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/avars-and-longobards.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/avars-and-longobards.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-12T01:22:00-07:00'>1:22:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/5326997358691837821' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 73 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5326997358691837821&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5326997358691837821&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5326997358691837821&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5326997358691837821&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5326997358691837821&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=5326997358691837821&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Tuesday, September 11, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='788328351098490122' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='788328351098490122'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/blast-from-past-yamnaya-prediction-from.html'>Blast from the past: Yamnaya prediction from 2016</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-788328351098490122' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>I wonder what's holding up the publication of the Wang et al. "Greater Caucasus" preprint? It was released back in May at the <i>bioRxiv</i> (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/on-genetic-prehistory-of-greater.html">here</a>). On a related note, I was looking back at some of the stuff that I wrote about the origin of the Yamnaya people (aka Steppe_EMBA), and found this...</br></br> <blockquote>But here's my prediction: Steppe_EMBA only has 10-15% admixture from the post-Mesolithic Near East not including the North Caucasus, and basically all of this comes via female mediated gene flow from farming communities in the Caucasus and perhaps present-day Ukraine.</blockquote></br> The relevant blog post from 2016 is <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/07/modeling-steppeemba.html">here</a>. I totally forgot that I made such a bold prediction. But it actually has a very good chance now of being proven correct, more or less.</br></br> This, however, depends on the precise origin of the Yamnaya-like Eneolithic populations of the southernmost parts of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. But, considering the data in Wang et al., I think the possibility that they date back to the Pottery Neolithic period, and are thus indigenous to the region, looks quite high.</br></br> About a year later I made a prediction about the genetic structure of the Maykop people, and was basically proven right by Wang et al. (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/02/maykop-prediction.html">here</a>). Admittedly, my jaw dropped when I saw how the Steppe Maykop individuals came out in the preprint, with their Botai-like ancestry that is missing in all Yamnaya populations sampled to date. But it was an interesting outcome and nice to be surprised by ancient DNA yet again.</br></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/06/genetic-borders-are-usually-linguistic.html">Genetic borders are usually linguistic borders too</a></br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/07/ahead-of-pack.html">Ahead of the pack</a></br></br> <a href="https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/03/open-thread-what-are-linguistic.html">Open thread: What are the linguistic implications of Olalde et al. 2019?</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/blast-from-past-yamnaya-prediction-from.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/blast-from-past-yamnaya-prediction-from.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-11T04:36:00-07:00'>4:36:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/788328351098490122' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 25 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=788328351098490122&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=788328351098490122&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=788328351098490122&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=788328351098490122&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=788328351098490122&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=788328351098490122&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Wednesday, September 5, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='7018719374175038702' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='7018719374175038702'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/isba-2018-abstracts.html'>ISBA 2018 abstracts</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-7018719374175038702' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>The ISBA 2018 conference is in a couple of weeks and the abstract book is now available <a href="https://www.isba8.de/fileadmin/congress/media/isba2018/druckelemente/ISBA2018%20Programm.pdf">here</a>. Below are a few examples of what's on offer this year. Admittedly, the Scythian abstract looks a bit weird to me, because we know for a fact that the Scythians who lived in the Pontic-Caspian steppe harbored Siberian genome-wide and maternal admixture (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/12/the-scythian.html">here</a> and <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/03/north-pontic-steppe-scythians-heirs-of.html">here</a>). The abstract about the horses and mules looks like it's from the major horse paper that I blogged about a few days ago (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/major-horse-paper-coming-soon.html">here</a>). Emphasis is mine...</br></br> <blockquote><b>Genetic continuity in the western Eurasian Steppe broken not due to Scythian dominance, but rather at the transition to the Chernyakhov culture (Ostrogoths)</b></br></br> Jarve et al.</br></br> The long-held archaeological view sees the Early Iron Age nomadic Scythians expanding west from their Altai region homeland across the Eurasian Steppe until they reached the Ponto-Caspian region north of the Black and Caspian Seas by around 2,900 BP. However, the migration theory has not found support from ancient DNA evidence, and it is still unclear how much of the Scythian dominance in the Eurasian Steppe was due to movements of people and how much reflected cultural diffusion and elite dominance. We present new whole-genome results of 31 ancient Western and Eastern Scythians as well as samples pre- and postdating them that allow us to set the Scythians in a temporal context by comparing the Western Scythians to samples before and after within the Ponto-Caspian region. We detect no significant contribution of the Scythians to the Early Iron Age Ponto-Caspian gene pool, inferring instead a genetic continuity in the western Eurasian Steppe that persisted from at least 4,800–4,400 cal BP to 2,700–2,100 cal BP (based on our radiocarbon dated samples), i.e. from the Yamnaya through the Scythian period.</br></br> <b>However, the transition from the Scythian to the Chernyakhov culture between 2,100 and 1,700 cal BP does mark a shift in the Ponto-Caspian genetic landscape, with various analyses showing that Chernyakhov culture samples share more drift and derived alleles with Bronze/Iron Age and modern Europeans, while the Scythians position outside modern European variation.</b> Our results agree well with the Ostrogothic origins of the Chernyakhov culture and support the hypothesis that the Scythian dominance was cultural rather than achieved through population replacement.</br></br> ...</br></br> <b>Unveiling early horse domestication and mule production with ancient genome-scale data</b></br></br> Fages et al.</br></br> Despite being one of the last large herbivores to be domesticated, the horse has deeply transformed human civilizations. It provided not only important primary domestication products including both meat and milk, but also invaluable secondary products, such as fast transportation, which impacted patterns of human movements and facilitated the spread of vast cultural and political units across the Old World. The steps underpinning early horse domestication are, however, difficult to track in the archaeological record, especially due to (1) the relative scarcity of horse bone assemblages until the Neolithic and Bronze Age transition, and (2) the absence of clear patterns of size differentiation prior to the Iron Age. Some of the more recent steps accompanying horse domestication, and in particular how it was transformed to fit a range of utilizations in different human groups, are also poorly documented. One such step pertains to the development of mules, and other kinds of F1-hybrids, which are difficult to identify on fragmentary remains using morphology alone. <b>Within the course of the ERC PEGASUS project, we have generated genome-scale sequence information from hundreds of equine archaeological remains spread across Eurasia and spanning the last ~40,000 years. These data helped us test the extent to which candidate domestication centres in Central Asia and Europe contributed to the genetic makeup of the modern domestic horse and propose a minimal time boundary for the earliest utilization of mules by mankind.</b></br></br> ...</br></br> <b>The genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the last 8000 years</b></br></br> Olalde et al.</br></br> The Iberian Peninsula, lying on the southwestern corner of Europe, provides an excellent opportunity to assess the final impact of population movements entering the continent from the east and to study prehistoric and historic connections with North Africa. Previous studies have addressed the population history of Iberia using ancient genomes, but the final steps leading to the formation of the modern Iberian gene pool during the last 4000 years remain largely unexplored. Here we report genome-wide data from 153 ancient individuals from Iberia, more than doubling the number of available genomes from this region and providing the most comprehensive genetic transect of any region in the world during the last 8000 years. We find that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers dated to the last centuries before the arrival of farmers showed an increased genetic affinity to central European hunter-gatherers, as compared to earlier individuals. During the third millennium BCE, Iberia received newcomers from south and north. The presence of one individual with a North African origin in central Iberia demonstrates early sporadic contacts across the strait of Gibraltar. <b>Beginning ~2500 BCE, the arrival of individuals with steppe-related ancestry had a rapid and widespread genetic impact, with Bronze Age populations deriving ~40% of their autosomal ancestry and 100% of their Y-chromosomes from these migrants.</b> During the later Iron Age, the first genome-wide data from ancient non-Indo-European speakers showed that they were similar to contemporaneous Indo-European speakers and derived most of their ancestry from the earlier Bronze Age substratum. With the exception of Basques, who remain broadly similar to Iron Age populations, during the last 2500 years Iberian populations were affected by additional gene-flow from the Central/Eastern Mediterranean region, probably associated to the Roman conquest, and from North Africa during the Moorish conquest but also in earlier periods, probably related to the Phoenician-Punic colonization of Southern Iberia.</blockquote></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/07/how-relevant-is-arslantepe-to-pie-debate.html">How relevant is Arslantepe to the PIE homeland debate?</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/isba-2018-abstracts.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/isba-2018-abstracts.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-05T03:44:00-07:00'>3:44:00 AM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/7018719374175038702' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 71 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7018719374175038702&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7018719374175038702&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7018719374175038702&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7018719374175038702&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7018719374175038702&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=7018719374175038702&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div class="date-outer"> <h2 class='date-header'><span>Sunday, September 2, 2018</span></h2> <div class="date-posts"> <div class='post-outer'> <div class='post hentry uncustomized-post-template' itemprop='blogPost' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/BlogPosting'> <meta content='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglngBZxabsw3y4afNsPA96HdqXBwAzJ3mASLbLzrkgh0jbHaDKBNa_NpfId-siUrSM8djDom_tdaaYE_LJfDiZKXLT1fpVqIUmyoECMxphqOtRLNF6Dai4jGh2RCfQ2TeCUPRJii52VrT8/s480/Alan_Outram_horse_clip.jpg' itemprop='image_url'/> <meta content='4123559132014627431' itemprop='blogId'/> <meta content='1964144731765867633' itemprop='postId'/> <a name='1964144731765867633'></a> <h3 class='post-title entry-title' itemprop='name'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/major-horse-paper-coming-soon.html'>Major horse paper coming soon</a> </h3> <div class='post-header'> <div class='post-header-line-1'></div> </div> <div class='post-body entry-content' id='post-body-1964144731765867633' itemprop='description articleBody'> </br>Horse domestication is an important and controversial topic, in large part because it's intimately tied to the debate over the location of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) homeland. Based on the currently available genetic and archaeological data, it seems likely that all modern domesticated horse breeds ultimately derive from the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Eastern Europe (see <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/03/central-asia-as-pie-urheimat-forget-it.html">here</a> and <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/06/of-horses-and-men.html">here</a>).</br></br> In the interview linked to below (click on the image) horse expert Alan Outram reveals that a new paper will be published within months that will test this theory, and either confirm or debunk it.</br></br> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50o0KSWB42Y" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="454" data-original-width="805" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglngBZxabsw3y4afNsPA96HdqXBwAzJ3mASLbLzrkgh0jbHaDKBNa_NpfId-siUrSM8djDom_tdaaYE_LJfDiZKXLT1fpVqIUmyoECMxphqOtRLNF6Dai4jGh2RCfQ2TeCUPRJii52VrT8/s480/Alan_Outram_horse_clip.jpg" /></a></div></br> Outram also talks about the colonization of Central Asia during the Middle Bronze Age by groups from the west associated with the Sintashta culture. He says that this was probably an aggressive affair, akin to the more recent European colonization of North America, that may have pushed the Botai people, who were the indigenous inhabitants of the Kazakh steppe, and their horses far to the east. This, he suggests, might explain why the Przewalski horse of Mongolia appears to be derived from the Botai horse.</br></br> See also...</br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/04/the-mystery-of-sintashta-people.html">The mystery of the Sintashta people</a></br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/08/focus-on-hittite-anatolia.html">Focus on Hittite Anatolia</a></br></br> <a href="http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/07/friendly-yeniseian-steppe-pastoralists.html">Friendly Yeniseian steppe pastoralists</a></br></br> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </div> <div class='post-footer'> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-1'> <span class='post-author vcard'> Posted by <span class='fn' itemprop='author' itemscope='itemscope' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'> <meta content='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' itemprop='url'/> <a class='g-profile' href='https://www.blogger.com/profile/04637918905430604850' rel='author' title='author profile'> <span itemprop='name'>Davidski</span> </a> </span> </span> <span class='post-timestamp'> at <meta content='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/major-horse-paper-coming-soon.html' itemprop='url'/> <a class='timestamp-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/major-horse-paper-coming-soon.html' rel='bookmark' title='permanent link'><abbr class='published' itemprop='datePublished' title='2018-09-02T18:01:00-07:00'>6:01:00 PM</abbr></a> </span> <span class='post-comment-link'> <a class='comment-link' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/4123559132014627431/1964144731765867633' onclick='javascript:window.open(this.href, "bloggerPopup", "toolbar=0,location=0,statusbar=1,menubar=0,scrollbars=yes,width=640,height=500"); return false;'> 17 comments: </a> </span> <span class='post-icons'> <span class='item-control blog-admin pid-1186917030'> <a href='https://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=1964144731765867633&from=pencil' title='Edit Post'> <img alt='' class='icon-action' height='18' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif' width='18'/> </a> </span> </span> <div class='post-share-buttons goog-inline-block'> <a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-email' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=1964144731765867633&target=email' target='_blank' title='Email This'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Email This</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-blog' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=1964144731765867633&target=blog' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=270,width=475"); return false;' target='_blank' title='BlogThis!'><span class='share-button-link-text'>BlogThis!</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-twitter' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=1964144731765867633&target=twitter' target='_blank' title='Share to X'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to X</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-facebook' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=1964144731765867633&target=facebook' onclick='window.open(this.href, "_blank", "height=430,width=640"); return false;' target='_blank' title='Share to Facebook'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Facebook</span></a><a class='goog-inline-block share-button sb-pinterest' href='https://www.blogger.com/share-post.g?blogID=4123559132014627431&postID=1964144731765867633&target=pinterest' target='_blank' title='Share to Pinterest'><span class='share-button-link-text'>Share to Pinterest</span></a> </div> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-2'> <span class='post-labels'> </span> </div> <div class='post-footer-line post-footer-line-3'> <span class='post-location'> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class='blog-pager' id='blog-pager'> <span id='blog-pager-newer-link'> <a class='blog-pager-newer-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2018-11-17T20:36:00-08:00&max-results=10&reverse-paginate=true' id='Blog1_blog-pager-newer-link' title='Newer Posts'>Newer Posts</a> </span> <span id='blog-pager-older-link'> <a class='blog-pager-older-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2018-09-02T18:01:00-07:00&max-results=10' id='Blog1_blog-pager-older-link' title='Older Posts'>Older Posts</a> </span> <a class='home-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/'>Home</a> </div> <div class='clear'></div> <div class='blog-feeds'> <div class='feed-links'> Subscribe to: <a class='feed-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default' target='_blank' type='application/atom+xml'>Posts (Atom)</a> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='column-left-outer'> <div class='column-left-inner'> <aside> </aside> </div> </div> <div class='column-right-outer'> <div class='column-right-inner'> <aside> <div class='sidebar section' id='sidebar-right-1'><div class='widget FeaturedPost' data-version='1' id='FeaturedPost1'> <h2 class='title'>Featured Post</h2> <div class='post-summary'> <h3><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/09/the-caucasus-is-semipermeable-genetic.html'>The Caucasus is a semipermeable barrier to gene flow</a></h3> <p> The scientists at the David Reich Lab are a clever bunch. But they're not always on top of things. And this can be a problem. For ins... </p> <img class='image' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5Ja61RD9nybJIgKw6W46rRlILr5dTuw4ZJkp2TxZfElklZKVz0tFB5SB7vDtKalXou6t_XolWEy6X-RTVGxk_kcJhFUX0AouaV3ZFiyx6Tvw_mf-_3K90Kv5zqi579fB0oukTsGF5QvGP/s380/Herodotus_vs_PCA_small.png'/> </div> <style type='text/css'> .image { width: 100%; } </style> <div class='clear'></div> </div><div class='widget AdSense' data-version='1' id='AdSense1'> <div class='widget-content'> <script type="text/javascript"> google_ad_client = "ca-pub-4761255028787688"; google_ad_host = "pub-1556223355139109"; google_ad_slot = "3225443864"; google_ad_width = 300; google_ad_height = 250; </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget PopularPosts' data-version='1' id='PopularPosts1'> <h2>Popular Posts</h2> <div class='widget-content popular-posts'> <ul> <li> <div class='item-content'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/07/getting-most-out-of-global25_12.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmf_h-xeKllRcC3UGJ_8Yk9JrclGXXhwgEbufMkgCHVx-K4scCCvUqthC_IXfFFvA3FuCnoizvKv_tYyVO5YKmtzop0Bt6J_WLn8RLVeVp-zS8WAM4wjRalVWESHrWJqCP8SFvvc_SIV0/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/G25_guide1.png'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/07/getting-most-out-of-global25_12.html'>Getting the most out of the Global25</a></div> <div class='item-snippet'>The first thing you need to know about the Global25 is that I update the relevant datasheets regularly, usually every few weeks, but they&#...</div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-content'> <div class='item-title'><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2024/04/its-complicated.html'>It's complicated</a></div> <div class='item-snippet'>Three important manuscripts appeared recently at bioRxiv , mostly dealing with the origins and expansions of proto-Germanic and proto-Indo-E...</div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-content'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/07/on-origin-of-corded-ware-people.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtsAk7xc8KcBYwBhJYoGdl-3-t64OedpCiC-zuJSdTu0mp7xF9mqSUCoe4L_idaFi0Sf4euAElw4sCEVT58eILxY3sGd1Bv8Z6mdlkqeZ8xJOP-gymLfx-gUtem2n823kBdcDXRpGpY1-F/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Eneolithic_steppe_PCA2.png'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/07/on-origin-of-corded-ware-people.html'>On the origin of the Corded Ware people</a></div> <div class='item-snippet'>There's been a lot of talk lately about the finding that the peoples associated with the Corded Ware and Yamnaya archeological cultures ...</div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-content'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/11/when-it-seems-like-whole-world-has-gone.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFMqgNkYSyZYbgvlyzJEVOhL57XEtjDcp3nt2mHmvf8M2c23mUcViX-ChrW1CNy-s5SB9_lN9aT-AcsaPDGgZWKHtP8Ak_I5fs11bWdho3YMz0E2DvAjPVtGkIc_sLbiW_p7Ah-vSOgkip/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/OutofintoIran.jpg'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/11/when-it-seems-like-whole-world-has-gone.html'>Crazy stuff</a></div> <div class='item-snippet'>I'm hoping that 2022 is the year when this problem is finally straightened out. Over to you David Reich, Nick Patterson, Iosif Lazaridis...</div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-content'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/12/ancient-human-genomes-suggest-three.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7Z__6v2wuDTAlaKvTiQyHUt0qYx-8COp3SqLx9k-dAKkekDRk4Swg9znPDVzbmQZ_Ulb-Eil_bLlsYO9nCatqSE2nF8rBRnCsjXLArISvyPomF88un3sT9guZ7APklbe6k3inY4PI7RZ8/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Ancient_human_genomes_suggest_three_ancestral_populations_Fig2_small.png'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/12/ancient-human-genomes-suggest-three.html'>Ancient human genomes suggest (more than) three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans</a></div> <div class='item-snippet'>This new preprint at bioRxiv is quite the Christmas present for those of us with a passion for European genetics and prehistory. It's ...</div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li> <div class='item-content'> <div class='item-thumbnail'> <a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/02/ancient-dna-vs-ex-oriente-lux.html' target='_blank'> <img alt='' border='0' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis3f4KzBUNwJXcYBAMkBaSFoYGIEb3EMtY53kxRRKY3381uzTKwFlp28J1nYNKPkab1E3d3Z9eU1Sp5ja6rEvR-Z6bQ1VoBferbuZSOY8Y6vvpV5sbyC2s91k6YErTvggUkGeGGRTkjrH_/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Eneolithic_steppe_burial_sites.jpg'/> </a> </div> <div class='item-title'><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/02/ancient-dna-vs-ex-oriente-lux.html'>Ancient DNA vs Ex Oriente Lux</a></div> <div class='item-snippet'>In recent years you may have read academic papers, books and press articles claiming that the Early Bronze Age Yamnaya culture of the Pontic...</div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogList' data-version='1' id='BlogList1'> <h2 class='title'>My Other Blogs</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div class='blog-list-container' id='BlogList1_container'> <ul id='BlogList1_blogs'> <li style='display: block;'> <div class='blog-icon'> <img data-lateloadsrc='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_v3CtYQraHnDGfBAj6XpnGSUYanL7MHmSyFL7sXwz_ImSkoT26Nm7aH9bDScmr56QWCSo7BltuZT47jtzvahmVHndtLm99cnYOi3Z98WnA=s16-w16-h16' height='16' width='16'/> </div> <div class='blog-content'> <div class='blog-title'> <a href='http://polishgenes.blogspot.com/' target='_blank'> Polishgenes Blog</a> </div> <div class='item-content'> <span class='item-title'> <a href='http://polishgenes.blogspot.com/2023/11/wielbark-goths-were-overwhelmingly-of.html' target='_blank'> Wielbark Goths were overwhelmingly of Scandinavian origin </a> </span> <div class='item-time'> 1 year ago </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li style='display: block;'> <div class='blog-icon'> <img data-lateloadsrc='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sYaW8CBAAXvjJL-vzw9gZxcLZ9WkysKkIGds0SfSoBU6hWXg3jvOBTnckEVoGqbHjFjktWoWw1T_g54L4bBgpKs85t_mQGM7c=s16-w16-h16' height='16' width='16'/> </div> <div class='blog-content'> <div class='blog-title'> <a href='http://bga101.blogspot.com/' target='_blank'> Eurogenes Genetic Ancestry Project</a> </div> <div class='item-content'> <span class='item-title'> <a href='http://bga101.blogspot.com/2021/08/genetic-ancestry-online-store.html' target='_blank'> Genetic ancestry online store (closed until further notice) </a> </span> <div class='item-time'> 3 years ago </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogList' data-version='1' id='BlogList2'> <h2 class='title'>News Feed</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div class='blog-list-container' id='BlogList2_container'> <ul id='BlogList2_blogs'> <li style='display: block;'> <div class='blog-icon'> <img data-lateloadsrc='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sgZxQdPErKnaOblPhtV0r3UrneJq5lPl37up3WjnXKQDC9h4nwzekIfDTciZzeIehw79mcV-gu3GjH_qdCAxU=s16-w16-h16' height='16' width='16'/> </div> <div class='blog-content'> <div class='blog-title'> <a href='https://phys.org/' target='_blank'> Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories</a> </div> <div class='item-content'> <span class='item-title'> <a href='https://phys.org/news/2024-11-plastic-ocean-plates-human-health.html' target='_blank'> Plastic in the ocean and on our plates: What are the risks to human health? </a> </span> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li style='display: block;'> <div class='blog-icon'> <img data-lateloadsrc='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sfTkex23iCAQIxlZA1AgX9-rmY8BaDCFPucM2O9w0xc6bI71_fcEeHkcy5BgiAvtj6To1KsMYkSpsCCUFogRLElgr4xjk=s16-w16-h16' height='16' width='16'/> </div> <div class='blog-content'> <div class='blog-title'> <a href='https://archaeology.org/' target='_blank'> Archaeological Headlines - Archaeology Magazine</a> </div> <div class='item-content'> <span class='item-title'> <a href='https://archaeology.org/news/2024/11/27/how-peaches-spread-across-north-america/' target='_blank'> How Peaches Spread Across North America </a> </span> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> <li style='display: block;'> <div class='blog-icon'> <img data-lateloadsrc='https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sDH4MN3XmV-9af3-yKk89g__xBnXf5aGBBc9UXyCKO-X_3m5GAg5th-eDaqnWxZloR5LiR1S9vOa-MxU-_ZTQVGvM8cFxKk02Um3IEI3q1Cne6-Cfq8o72TmUx7w=s16-w16-h16' height='16' width='16'/> </div> <div class='blog-content'> <div class='blog-title'> <a href='https://www.genomeweb.com/section/rss/news?access_control%3D46' target='_blank'> Genomeweb News</a> </div> <div class='item-content'> <span class='item-title'> <a href='https://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing/international-pathogen-surveillance-network-awards-2m-first-round-grants' target='_blank'> International Pathogen Surveillance Network Awards $2M in First Round of Grants </a> </span> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both;'></div> </li> </ul> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div> </div><div class='widget AdSense' data-version='1' id='AdSense2'> <div class='widget-content'> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>  <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-4761255028787688" data-ad-slot="2452220442" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget BlogArchive' data-version='1' id='BlogArchive2'> <h2>Blog Archive</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div id='ArchiveList'> <div id='BlogArchive2_ArchiveList'> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2024/'> 2024 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2024/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2024/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2024/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2024/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/'> 2023 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(13)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2023/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/'> 2022 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(28)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2022/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/'> 2021 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(24)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/'> 2020 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(45)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/'> 2019 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(73)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2019/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> ▼  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/'> 2018 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(101)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate expanded'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy toggle-open'> ▼  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> <ul class='posts'> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/the-hallstatt-effect.html'>The Hallstatt effect (?)</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/amtdb-interactive-ancient-human.html'>AmtDB: an interactive ancient human mitogenome dat...</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/corded-ware-people-proto-uralics.html'>Corded Ware people =/= Proto-Uralics (Tambets et a...</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/dzudzuana-ice-age-foragers-different.html'>Dzudzuana Ice Age foragers: a different type of Ca...</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/early-anatolian-farmers-were.html'>Early Anatolian farmers were overwhelmingly of loc...</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/celtic-vs-germanic-europe.html'>Celtic vs Germanic Europe</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/avars-and-longobards.html'>Avars and Longobards</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/blast-from-past-yamnaya-prediction-from.html'>Blast from the past: Yamnaya prediction from 2016</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/isba-2018-abstracts.html'>ISBA 2018 abstracts</a></li> <li><a href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/major-horse-paper-coming-soon.html'>Major horse paper coming soon</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(13)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(14)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/'> 2017 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(131)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(11)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(18)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(17)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(22)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/'> 2016 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(79)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(12)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2016/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/'> 2015 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(61)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(9)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/09/'> September </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(10)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/07/'> July </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(6)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(4)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2015/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(3)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/'> 2014 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(23)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(8)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/03/'> March </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2014/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/'> 2013 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(7)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/11/'> November </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/08/'> August </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/05/'> May </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2012/'> 2012 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(5)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2012/06/'> June </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2012/04/'> April </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2012/02/'> February </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2012/01/'> January </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(2)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2011/'> 2011 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2011/10/'> October </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2008/'> 2008 </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> <ul class='hierarchy'> <li class='archivedate collapsed'> <a class='toggle' href='javascript:void(0)'> <span class='zippy'> ►  </span> </a> <a class='post-count-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2008/12/'> December </a> <span class='post-count' dir='ltr'>(1)</span> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div> </div><div class='widget Subscribe' data-version='1' id='Subscribe1'> <div style='white-space:nowrap'> <h2 class='title'>Subscribe To</h2> <div class='widget-content'> <div class='subscribe-wrapper subscribe-type-POST'> <div class='subscribe expanded subscribe-type-POST' id='SW_READER_LIST_Subscribe1POST' style='display:none;'> <div class='top'> <span class='inner' onclick='return(_SW_toggleReaderList(event, "Subscribe1POST"));'> <img class='subscribe-dropdown-arrow' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif'/> <img align='absmiddle' alt='' border='0' class='feed-icon' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png'/> Posts </span> <div class='feed-reader-links'> <a class='feed-reader-link' href='https://www.netvibes.com/subscribe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Feurogenes.blogspot.com%2Ffeeds%2Fposts%2Fdefault' target='_blank'> <img src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png'/> </a> <a class='feed-reader-link' href='https://add.my.yahoo.com/content?url=https%3A%2F%2Feurogenes.blogspot.com%2Ffeeds%2Fposts%2Fdefault' target='_blank'> <img src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png'/> </a> <a class='feed-reader-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default' target='_blank'> <img align='absmiddle' class='feed-icon' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png'/> Atom </a> </div> </div> <div class='bottom'></div> </div> <div class='subscribe' id='SW_READER_LIST_CLOSED_Subscribe1POST' onclick='return(_SW_toggleReaderList(event, "Subscribe1POST"));'> <div class='top'> <span class='inner'> <img class='subscribe-dropdown-arrow' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif'/> <span onclick='return(_SW_toggleReaderList(event, "Subscribe1POST"));'> <img align='absmiddle' alt='' border='0' class='feed-icon' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png'/> Posts </span> </span> </div> <div class='bottom'></div> </div> </div> <div class='subscribe-wrapper subscribe-type-COMMENT'> <div class='subscribe expanded subscribe-type-COMMENT' id='SW_READER_LIST_Subscribe1COMMENT' style='display:none;'> <div class='top'> <span class='inner' onclick='return(_SW_toggleReaderList(event, "Subscribe1COMMENT"));'> <img class='subscribe-dropdown-arrow' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif'/> <img align='absmiddle' alt='' border='0' class='feed-icon' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png'/> All Comments </span> <div class='feed-reader-links'> <a class='feed-reader-link' href='https://www.netvibes.com/subscribe.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Feurogenes.blogspot.com%2Ffeeds%2Fcomments%2Fdefault' target='_blank'> <img src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png'/> </a> <a class='feed-reader-link' href='https://add.my.yahoo.com/content?url=https%3A%2F%2Feurogenes.blogspot.com%2Ffeeds%2Fcomments%2Fdefault' target='_blank'> <img src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png'/> </a> <a class='feed-reader-link' href='https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/comments/default' target='_blank'> <img align='absmiddle' class='feed-icon' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png'/> Atom </a> </div> </div> <div class='bottom'></div> </div> <div class='subscribe' id='SW_READER_LIST_CLOSED_Subscribe1COMMENT' onclick='return(_SW_toggleReaderList(event, "Subscribe1COMMENT"));'> <div class='top'> <span class='inner'> <img class='subscribe-dropdown-arrow' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif'/> <span onclick='return(_SW_toggleReaderList(event, "Subscribe1COMMENT"));'> <img align='absmiddle' alt='' border='0' class='feed-icon' src='https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png'/> All Comments </span> </span> </div> <div class='bottom'></div> </div> </div> <div style='clear:both'></div> </div> </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> <table border='0' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='section-columns columns-2'> <tbody> <tr> <td class='first columns-cell'> <div class='sidebar no-items section' id='sidebar-right-2-1'></div> </td> <td class='columns-cell'> <div class='sidebar no-items section' id='sidebar-right-2-2'></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class='sidebar no-items section' id='sidebar-right-3'></div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <div style='clear: both'></div>  </div>  </div> </div> <div class='main-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class='footer-outer'> <div class='footer-cap-top cap-top'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> <div class='fauxborder-left footer-fauxborder-left'> <div class='fauxborder-right footer-fauxborder-right'></div> <div class='region-inner footer-inner'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-1'></div> <table border='0' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' class='section-columns columns-2'> <tbody> <tr> <td class='first columns-cell'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-1'></div> </td> <td class='columns-cell'> <div class='foot no-items section' id='footer-2-2'></div> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>  <div class='foot section' id='footer-3' name='Footer'><div class='widget Attribution' data-version='1' id='Attribution1'> <div class='widget-content' style='text-align: center;'> Awesome Inc. theme. Powered by <a href='https://www.blogger.com' target='_blank'>Blogger</a>. </div> <div class='clear'></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class='footer-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </footer>  </div> </div> <div class='content-cap-bottom cap-bottom'> <div class='cap-left'></div> <div class='cap-right'></div> </div> </div> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> window.setTimeout(function() { document.body.className = document.body.className.replace('loading', ''); }, 10); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/widgets/984859869-widgets.js"></script> <script type='text/javascript'> window['__wavt'] = 'AOuZoY58VjQsL2a_iftCJVncTznXjn37Ig:1732857129563';_WidgetManager._Init('//www.blogger.com/rearrange?blogID\x3d4123559132014627431','//eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/','4123559132014627431'); _WidgetManager._SetDataContext([{'name': 'blog', 'data': {'blogId': '4123559132014627431', 'title': 'Eurogenes Blog', 'url': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/', 'canonicalUrl': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/', 'homepageUrl': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/', 'searchUrl': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/search', 'canonicalHomepageUrl': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/', 'blogspotFaviconUrl': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/favicon.ico', 'bloggerUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com', 'hasCustomDomain': false, 'httpsEnabled': true, 'enabledCommentProfileImages': true, 'gPlusViewType': 'FILTERED_POSTMOD', 'adultContent': false, 'analyticsAccountNumber': '', 'encoding': 'UTF-8', 'locale': 'en', 'localeUnderscoreDelimited': 'en', 'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'isPrivate': false, 'isMobile': false, 'isMobileRequest': false, 'mobileClass': '', 'isPrivateBlog': false, 'isDynamicViewsAvailable': true, 'feedLinks': '\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Eurogenes Blog - Atom\x22 href\x3d\x22https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default\x22 /\x3e\n\x3clink rel\x3d\x22alternate\x22 type\x3d\x22application/rss+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Eurogenes Blog - RSS\x22 href\x3d\x22https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt\x3drss\x22 /\x3e\n\x3clink rel\x3d\x22service.post\x22 type\x3d\x22application/atom+xml\x22 title\x3d\x22Eurogenes Blog - Atom\x22 href\x3d\x22https://www.blogger.com/feeds/4123559132014627431/posts/default\x22 /\x3e\n', 'meTag': '', 'adsenseClientId': 'ca-pub-4761255028787688', 'adsenseHostId': 'ca-host-pub-1556223355139109', 'adsenseHasAds': true, 'adsenseAutoAds': false, 'boqCommentIframeForm': true, 'loginRedirectParam': '', 'view': '', 'dynamicViewsCommentsSrc': '//www.blogblog.com/dynamicviews/4224c15c4e7c9321/js/comments.js', 'dynamicViewsScriptSrc': '//www.blogblog.com/dynamicviews/2fafd358a4bcb2b4', 'plusOneApiSrc': 'https://apis.google.com/js/platform.js', 'disableGComments': true, 'interstitialAccepted': false, 'sharing': {'platforms': [{'name': 'Get link', 'key': 'link', 'shareMessage': 'Get link', 'target': ''}, {'name': 'Facebook', 'key': 'facebook', 'shareMessage': 'Share to Facebook', 'target': 'facebook'}, {'name': 'BlogThis!', 'key': 'blogThis', 'shareMessage': 'BlogThis!', 'target': 'blog'}, {'name': 'X', 'key': 'twitter', 'shareMessage': 'Share to X', 'target': 'twitter'}, {'name': 'Pinterest', 'key': 'pinterest', 'shareMessage': 'Share to Pinterest', 'target': 'pinterest'}, {'name': 'Email', 'key': 'email', 'shareMessage': 'Email', 'target': 'email'}], 'disableGooglePlus': true, 'googlePlusShareButtonWidth': 0, 'googlePlusBootstrap': '\x3cscript type\x3d\x22text/javascript\x22\x3ewindow.___gcfg \x3d {\x27lang\x27: \x27en\x27};\x3c/script\x3e'}, 'hasCustomJumpLinkMessage': false, 'jumpLinkMessage': 'Read more', 'pageType': 'archive', 'pageName': 'September 2018', 'pageTitle': 'Eurogenes Blog: September 2018'}}, {'name': 'features', 'data': {}}, {'name': 'messages', 'data': {'edit': 'Edit', 'linkCopiedToClipboard': 'Link copied to clipboard!', 'ok': 'Ok', 'postLink': 'Post Link'}}, {'name': 'template', 'data': {'name': 'custom', 'localizedName': 'Custom', 'isResponsive': false, 'isAlternateRendering': false, 'isCustom': true, 'variant': 'light', 'variantId': 'light'}}, {'name': 'view', 'data': {'classic': {'name': 'classic', 'url': '?view\x3dclassic'}, 'flipcard': {'name': 'flipcard', 'url': '?view\x3dflipcard'}, 'magazine': {'name': 'magazine', 'url': '?view\x3dmagazine'}, 'mosaic': {'name': 'mosaic', 'url': '?view\x3dmosaic'}, 'sidebar': {'name': 'sidebar', 'url': '?view\x3dsidebar'}, 'snapshot': {'name': 'snapshot', 'url': '?view\x3dsnapshot'}, 'timeslide': {'name': 'timeslide', 'url': '?view\x3dtimeslide'}, 'isMobile': false, 'title': 'Eurogenes Blog', 'description': 'Focusing on ancient population genomics', 'url': 'https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/09/', 'type': 'feed', 'isSingleItem': false, 'isMultipleItems': true, 'isError': false, 'isPage': false, 'isPost': false, 'isHomepage': false, 'isArchive': true, 'isLabelSearch': false, 'archive': {'year': 2018, 'month': 9, 'rangeMessage': 'Showing posts from September, 2018'}}}]); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_NavbarView', new _WidgetInfo('Navbar1', 'navbar', document.getElementById('Navbar1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HeaderView', new _WidgetInfo('Header1', 'header', document.getElementById('Header1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogSearchView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogSearch1', 'crosscol-overflow', document.getElementById('BlogSearch1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogView', new _WidgetInfo('Blog1', 'main', document.getElementById('Blog1'), {'cmtInteractionsEnabled': false, 'lightboxEnabled': true, 'lightboxModuleUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/jsbin/2646514562-lbx.js', 'lightboxCssUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/v-css/1964470060-lightbox_bundle.css'}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_FeaturedPostView', new _WidgetInfo('FeaturedPost1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('FeaturedPost1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_AdSenseView', new _WidgetInfo('AdSense1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('AdSense1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_PopularPostsView', new _WidgetInfo('PopularPosts1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('PopularPosts1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogListView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogList1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogList1'), {'numItemsToShow': 0, 'totalItems': 2}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogListView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogList2', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogList2'), {'numItemsToShow': 0, 'totalItems': 3}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_AdSenseView', new _WidgetInfo('AdSense2', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('AdSense2'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogArchiveView', new _WidgetInfo('BlogArchive2', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('BlogArchive2'), {'languageDirection': 'ltr', 'loadingMessage': 'Loading\x26hellip;'}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_SubscribeView', new _WidgetInfo('Subscribe1', 'sidebar-right-1', document.getElementById('Subscribe1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_AttributionView', new _WidgetInfo('Attribution1', 'footer-3', document.getElementById('Attribution1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); </script> </body> </html>