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Opinion | Combined China and US pressure could get warring sides to talk peace | South China Morning Post
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China is getting involved, too, but it is still not a credible alternative to the United States as a mediating power in world crises.\nIn separate phone calls with his Israeli and Iranian counterparts, Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently called for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza and urged all sides to work for regional peace and stability. At the United Nations General Assembly in New York last month, Wang said of Russia’s war in Ukraine that “China is committed to playing a constructive role, engaging in shuttle mediation and promoting talks for peace”.\nChina is gaining stature on the world diplomatic stage. However, while the US is ready to take the risk of failing with its diplomatic actions, Beijing is not. The Chinese, it seems, are willing to participate in peace processes and whisper possible solutions – or, at most, facilitate talks – when actually, to play an indispensable role, they should be exerting pressure on warring parties.\nIt was not purely by chance that at an event on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on September 24, Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that “the United States is the only country that can really make a difference in the Middle East and with regard to Lebanon”.\nUS President Joe Biden has called the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar an opportunity to end the war in Gaza. The US government is, with the help of Qatar and Egypt, continuing to negotiate a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas after one year of conflict, and is trying to de-escalate the confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah. The Biden administration has, apparently, managed to mitigate Israel’s announced retaliation for Iran’s ballistic missile attacks.\nBoth Hamas and Hezbollah are allied with China’s friend Iran, a fact that should give Chinese diplomats room to manoeuvre. For now, that does not appear to be the case.\n\n\nThe dynamic is no different in Africa, which is dependent on Chinese trade, investment and loans. Sudan is a long-time energy partner of China, but the US is leading multilateral talks to end an 18-month civil conflict between the Sudanese regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.\nSomewhat surprisingly for a superpower in the making, China is not even scoring diplomatic points on its doorstep, such as in civil-war-torn Myanmar. Despite its influence on the local military junta and several ethnic armed groups, Beijing has been unable to hold warring factions to a ceasefire brokered in January. In the meantime, the US government has reached out to Myanmar’s opposition forces to increase support for a civilian transition, while India is reportedly trying to use its diplomatic influence in the country.\nIn July, China promoted a unity agreement among rival Palestinian factions over a post-Gaza-war settlement. Accords of this kind have been little more than hot air in the past, and it is safe to assume that Israel and the US will never come to terms with a Palestinian institutional actor that includes Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist groups.\nHamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh was killed in Tehran a week after the Chinese-mediated reconciliation deal was signed, and it is unlikely it happened by chance. Iranian authorities and their proxies have blamed the assassination on Israel.\n\n\nSome observers saw last year’s mediation to restore diplomatic relations between regional rivals Iran and Saudi Arabia as a watershed moment for Chinese diplomacy. However, aside from perhaps making Iranian-Saudi regional competition more predictable, the agreement brokered by Beijing has not actually produced any substantial results.\nThe war in Yemen, for instance, is a proxy battlefield for Iran and Saudi Arabia’s regional power play. Nevertheless, the Chinese have not been able to, or seemingly wanted to, leverage the deal between Tehran and Riyadh to work on a permanent solution to the decade-long civil strife.\nThe war in Ukraine is an example of how Chinese peace diplomacy has so far been flimsy. During talks in Guangzhou on July 24, Wang reiterated to his Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba that China was committed to encouraging a diplomatic solution for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A few days later, Kyiv launched an incursion into the Russian region of Kursk.\nStill, at the Brics summit of emerging economies in Kazan, Russia, last week, President Xi Jinping relaunched a six-point plan aimed at de-escalating the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Released in May by China and Brazil, it included the key principle of not expanding the battlefield.\n\n\nThe reality is that, when it comes to world crises, the US is leading but not delivering at the moment while China is failing without leading. So, what should we expect from the two rivals?\n“In this changing and turbulent world, countries need solidarity and coordination … not exclusion or regress,” Xi said during talks with US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan in Beijing on August 29.\nA diplomatic condominium between the US and China would be optimal for conflict resolution, but that is out of the question for now because of apparently irreconcilable geopolitical differences. That does not mean the two powers cannot bring pressure to bear on actors at war, and not necessarily in a coordinated manner.\nCombined pressure from the US and the Soviet Union forced Britain, France and Israel to accept a UN ceasefire and withdraw their military forces from Egypt during the Suez crisis in 1956. That was dictated more by competition than coordination, but it worked adequately nonetheless.\n","articleSection":"World Opinion","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Emanuele Scimia","sameAs":"https://www.scmp.com/author/emanuele-scimia"},"dateCreated":"2024-10-28T16:09:33+08:00","dateModified":"2024-11-01T06:01:18+08:00","datePublished":"2024-11-01T05:30:08+08:00","description":"Israel’s ","genre":"Opinion","hasPart":{"@type":"WebPageElement","cssSelector":".piano-metering__paywall-container","isAccessibleForFree":"False"},"headline":"Opinion | Combined China and US pressure could get warring sides to talk peace","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":1618},"url":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/images/canvas/2024/10/31/827aed64-4747-48be-8b2b-4152d91c57f3_12f4fb59.jpg","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":2728}},"inLanguage":"en-GB","isAccessibleForFree":"False","locationCreated":{"@type":"Place","name":"Hong Kong"},"mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.scmp.com/opinion/world-opinion/article/3284154/combined-china-and-us-pressure-could-get-warring-sides-talk-peace","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","height":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512},"url":"https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/icons/scmp-icon-512x512.png","width":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","value":512}},"name":"South China Morning Post"},"publishingPrinciples":"https://www.scmp.com/policies-and-standards"}</script><article class="article-list css-cru7id e1d6iglh0" data-qa="ArticlePage-Article"><div data-qa="ArticleList-Item" class="css-1t2rj2z e1kvrr5t0"><div data-qa="Component-ArticleRenderContainer" class="css-1pyy6bv er6t7fe38"><div class="css-tfsthe ea45u6l30" data-qa="GenericArticle-GenericArticleContainer"><div class="ea45u6l5 css-jyecem e15slk7y0" data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-CSSTransition"><div data-qa="ArticleHeaderAdSlot-Placeholder" class="css-1j52pf e15slk7y1"><div class=" 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US pressure could get warring sides to talk peace</span></h1></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SubHeadline" class="css-dfnclb ea45u6l20"><h3 class="er6t7fe4 css-19mvk5a e1ql5f172" data-qa="ContentSubHeadline-ContainerWithTag"><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading</p></h3></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Sponsor" class="css-1qzrjqn ea45u6l19"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ReadingTime" class="css-1ic67f3 ea45u6l18"><div class=" er6t7fe21 css-1cyqcxd e17crirv0" data-qa="ArticleReadingTime-Container"><span>Reading Time:</span><strong data-qa="ArticleReadingTime-strong">4 minutes</strong></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Spacer" class="css-mkkf9p e11xd9ce0"></div><a target="_blank" class=" ea45u6l31 e15mxrzj0 css-1p9kdgq e1llv60l0" href="/policies-and-standards#participation" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><div 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color-interpolation-filters="sRGB"><feFlood flood-opacity="0" result="BackgroundImageFix"></feFlood><feColorMatrix in="SourceAlpha" type="matrix" values="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0" result="hardAlpha"></feColorMatrix><feOffset dy="4"></feOffset><feGaussianBlur stdDeviation="2"></feGaussianBlur><feComposite in2="hardAlpha" operator="out"></feComposite><feColorMatrix type="matrix" values="0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0"></feColorMatrix><feBlend mode="normal" in2="BackgroundImageFix" result="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319"></feBlend><feBlend mode="normal" in="SourceGraphic" in2="effect1_dropShadow_971_51319" result="shape"></feBlend></filter></defs></svg></figure></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-ContentContainer" class="css-wvfhp ea45u6l28"><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Author" class="css-plhgzi ea45u6l15"><div data-qa="AuthorNames-AuthorNamesContainer" class=" er6t7fe31 css-1fl3ncg eybiz6w3"><a target="_self" class="e163ld431 css-uvyeg2 e1llv60l0" href="/author/emanuele-scimia" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor">Emanuele Scimia</a></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PublishDateTime" class="css-mbzp8v ea45u6l14"><div class=" er6t7fe27 css-1qbx4v2 efakuk42" data-qa="Article20Date-Container"><time dateTime="2024-10-31T21:30:08.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-PublishedDate" class="css-0 efakuk41">Published: <!-- -->5:30am, 1 Nov 2024</time><time dateTime="2024-10-31T22:01:18.000Z" data-qa="Article20Date-UpdatedDate" class="css-m6ip7c efakuk40">Updated: <!-- -->6:01am, 1 Nov 2024</time></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Correction" class="css-1ou8zht ea45u6l11"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-Content" class="css-1u2o0u6 ea45u6l10"><section class="er6t7fe37 css-19sk4h4 e1pqt1t0" data-qa="ContentBody-ContentBodyContainer"><div class="js-reading-0-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">Israel’s <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3284025/israel-hit-irans-facilities-mixing-missile-fuel-satellite-images-suggest?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">air strikes on Iran</span></a> and military incursions <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3282560/israel-strikes-southern-beirut-after-us-says-it-opposes-scope-air-assault?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">into southern Lebanon</span></a> against local Islamic militant group Hezbollah are visible defeats for US diplomacy aimed at de-escalation in the Middle East. China is getting involved, too, but it is still not a credible alternative to the United States as a mediating power in world crises.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-y2bwcc e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">In separate phone calls with his Israeli and Iranian counterparts, Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently called for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza and urged all sides to work for regional peace and stability. At the <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3280386/chinas-foreign-minister-wang-yi-calls-mideast-ceasefire-hits-trade-sanctions?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">United Nations General Assembly</span></a> in New York last month, Wang said of Russia’s war in Ukraine that “China is committed to playing a constructive role, engaging in shuttle mediation and promoting talks for peace”.</div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">China is gaining stature on the world diplomatic stage. However, while the US is ready to take the risk of failing with its diplomatic actions, Beijing is not. The Chinese, it seems, are willing to participate in peace processes and whisper possible solutions – or, at most, facilitate talks – when actually, to play an indispensable role, they should be <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3281157/what-chinas-next-move-middle-east-violence-escalates?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">exerting pressure on warring parties</span></a>.</div><div class="js-reading-20-percent-completion-tracker css-19icq8a ekyy9du0" data-qa="useTrackViewedPercentageRender-trackViewedPercentageRenders-TrackPercentageBlock"></div><p datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1c6uqr6 ec74h0k1">It was not purely by chance that at an event on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on September 24, Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that “the United States is the only country that can really make a difference in the Middle East and with regard to Lebanon”.</p><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">US President Joe Biden has called the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar an opportunity to end the war in Gaza. The US government is, with the help of Qatar and Egypt, continuing to negotiate a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas after one year of conflict, and is trying to de-escalate the confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah. The Biden administration has, apparently, managed to mitigate <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3283431/iran-commander-says-israel-may-launch-desperate-small-retaliatory-strike?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">Israel’s announced retaliation</span></a> for Iran’s ballistic missile attacks.</div><div data-qa="InlineAdSlot-Container" class=" css-zl1inp e11v3ui14"><div class="e11v3ui10 e11v3ui13 css-gy323d e1flwkbl0" data-qa="AdSlot-Container"><div data-qa="AdSlot-Label" class="css-1t8iakn e1flwkbl3">Advertisement</div><div data-qa="AdSlot-AdSlotContainer" class="css-0 e1flwkbl2"></div></div></div><div datatype="p" data-qa="Component-Component" class="e8zc9q40 css-1xdhyk6 ec74h0k0">Both Hamas and Hezbollah are allied with <a target="_self" class="e1yy41x40 ef9u0v01 css-1ankfgb e1llv60l0" href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3265379/old-issue-china-iran-continue-strong-relations-despite-beijings-stance-disputed-gulf-islands?module=inline&pgtype=article" data-qa="BaseLink-renderAnchor-StyledAnchor"><span data-qa="Component-Text" class="css-0 ef9u0v00">China’s friend Iran</span></a>, a fact that should give Chinese diplomats room to manoeuvre. For now, that does not appear to be the case.</div></section></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-PaywallContainer" class="css-1kfpym9 ea45u6l1"><div class="er6t7fe22 piano-metering__paywall-container css-1e938sv e1x97qwg1" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Container"><div data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-LoadingContainer" class="css-hu4lls e1x97qwg2"><div class="css-1px2vm1 e1hb2u5e0" data-qa="Loading-CenteredContainer"><img aria-label="loading" data-qa="BaseImage-handleRenderImage-StyledImage" loading="eager" src="https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/_next/static/media/wheel-on-gray.af4a55f9.gif" class="css-o105sx e445x7d0"/></div></div><div class="article-view__piano-metering css-16o2qwc e1x97qwg0" data-qa="ArticlePaywallContainer-Wrapper"></div></div></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-AuthorDetail" class="css-17kn4z6 ea45u6l7"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-BottomCarousel" class="css-1fuqt2g ea45u6l8"></div><div data-qa="GenericArticle-SeriesInline" class="css-153zy9c 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...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: 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style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_4isNar\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ...contentUpdatedDateContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentPublishedDateContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n ...videoDurationOverlayVideo\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksPaywallPromiseContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ...atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4\n ...atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase\n ...atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase\n}\n\nfragment hooksTrackPageViewArticle on Article {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n headline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n copyrighted\n entityUuid\n socialHeadline\n sponsor\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksUseNotificationsSection on Section {\n ...notificationSection\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment imageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n ...checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent\n}\n\nfragment infographicArticleArticle on Article {\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...landingBannerInfographicArticle\n}\n\nfragment inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment inlineWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment issuesNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n }\n ...issuesDropdownNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment itemLiveArticleContentArticle on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment landingBannerInfographicArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n headline\n topics {\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n title\n url\n }\n coverHero: image(filter: {type: HERO}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment liveArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n entityUuid\n flag\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n ...contentLiveArticleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n}\n\nfragment liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n liveArticle(filter: {entityUuid: $entityUuid}) {\n customTimezone\n liveContents {\n entityId\n publishedDate\n title\n body {\n text\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...entityLink\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3JkJ9S\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...headerMorningStudioArticle\n}\n\nfragment morningStudioArticleFooterContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityUuid\n topics {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment newsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...headerNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment newsletterWidgetLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment notificationSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryDialogContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment photoGalleryWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...photoGalleryDialogContent\n}\n\nfragment pianoIntegrationArticle on Article {\n __typename\n contentLock\n createdDate\n entityId\n entityUuid\n headline\n publishedDate\n sponsor\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n ...helpersIsArchiveWallArticle\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...useShareContentUnlockedArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n ...articleDateContent\n ...authorNamesArticle\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTitleArticle on Article {\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...plusArticleTypeTitleContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusArticleTypeTitleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment plusAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n areaOfExpertise\n}\n\nfragment plusColumnsArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleTitleArticle\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment plusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n ...blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent\n ...factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent\n ...plusArticleTitleArticle\n}\n\nfragment popupArticle20ShareMenuContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment postMagazineArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...genericArticleContent\n}\n\nfragment scmpYoutubeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...seriesPrimaryContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...seriesBannerContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment seriesBannerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksSeriesArticleSectionTagArticle\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2niEwz\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment seriesPrimaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3wWJWe\n}\n\nfragment shareArticle20Content on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...popupArticle20ShareMenuContent\n}\n\nfragment sponsorTagSponsor on Sponsor {\n name\n type\n images {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle on Article {\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n sponsor {\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n authors {\n ...authorNameAuthor\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment styleArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...styleArticleAuthorBlockArticle\n}\n\nfragment 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}\n}\n\nfragment articleLinkingDataContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleListArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...articleDividerArticle\n ...articleFooterArticle\n ...articlePaginationCheckerArticle\n ...articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4\n ...articleRecommendationArticle\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n ...articleRenderArticle_3o8td4\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent\n ...contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n images {\n url\n style(filter: {style: \"237x147\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreOnThisListStyleArticle on Article {\n styleMoreOnThisArticles: moreOnThisArticles {\n ...entityLink\n ...magazinesStyleArticleMoreOnThisContentItemContent\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesArticle on Article {\n moreOnThisArticles {\n entityId\n ...articleMoreStoriesItemArticle\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleMoreStoriesItemArticle on Article {\n ...entityLink\n headline\n socialHeadline\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n url\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationCheckerArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment articlePaginationNavigationHistoryArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...hooksTrackCurrentItemBase_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksPaywallPromiseContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePaywallContainerArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle on Article {\n printHeadline\n}\n\nfragment articleReactionArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sections {\n value {\n name\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleReadingTimeContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n readingTime\n}\n\nfragment articleRecommendationArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n moreOnThisArticles {\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n entityId\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleRenderArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleActionWidgetArticle\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticleContent\n ...articleAuthorBlockArticle\n ...articleAuthorDetailsContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...articleBeforeYouGoTopicsContent\n ...articleBeforeYouGoWidget\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleCorrectionsWidgetArticle\n ...articleDateContent\n ...articleFurtherReadingWidgetArticle\n ...articleImageGalleryContent\n ...articleLeadingArticle\n ...articleMoreOnThisListArticle\n ...articlePaywallContainerArticle\n ...articlePrintHeadlineMessageArticle\n ...articleReactionArticle\n ...articleReadingTimeContent\n ...articleSectionsContent\n ...articleSeriesArticle\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n ...articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...articleTopicContent\n ...articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle\n ...articleTopicsContent\n ...articleTopicWidgetArticle\n ...articleVocabBoxArticle\n ...authorAvatarsArticle\n ...authorNamesArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentLiveTagContent\n ...contentReadMoreButtonContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n ...contentSubHeadlineContent\n ...contentSummaryContent\n ...genericArticleContent\n ...postMagazineArticleContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksPostiesArticleArticle_3o8td4\n ...infographicArticleArticle\n ...liveArticleArticle\n ...morningStudioArticleContent\n ...newsletterArticleArticle\n ...pianoIntegrationArticle\n ...plusColumnsArticleContent\n ...plusGenericArticleContent\n ...seriesArticleArticle\n ...styleArticleContent\n ...contentActionBarContent\n}\n\nfragment articleSchemaContent_mN6kk on Query {\n article(filter: {entityId: $entityId}) {\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n authorLocations\n contentLock\n createdDate\n headline\n publishedDate\n socialHeadline\n sponsorType\n updatedDate\n urlAlias\n authors {\n location\n name\n types\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n text\n }\n corrections {\n correction {\n text\n }\n timestamp\n }\n images {\n isSlideshow\n height\n width\n url\n }\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n ...liveBlogPostingLiveArticles_2w8PNF\n}\n\nfragment articleSectionsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n sections {\n value {\n ...helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection\n ...entityLink\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeoArticle_3o8td4 on Article {\n ...hooksArticleSeoArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n entityId\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n summary {\n text\n }\n subHeadline {\n text\n }\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n text\n }\n keywords\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n entityId\n id\n }\n urlAlias\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n images {\n style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesArticle on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ...inlineArticleSeriesInlineArticle\n ...carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSeriesCarouselContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n ... on Article {\n seriesContainer {\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_3n3tyT\n}\n\nfragment articleShareWidgetArticle on Article {\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSpeechPlayerPortalArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...articleSpeechInlineWidgetArticle\n}\n\nfragment articleSponsorContent on Article {\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n description {\n json\n }\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleTitleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicFollowWidgetArticle on Article {\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n disableFollow\n entityId\n name\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicWidgetArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sponsorType\n firstTopic {\n ...entityLink\n ...followButtonBase\n name\n disableFollow\n contents(first: 4, orderBy: {field: PUBLISHED_DATE, direction: DESC}) {\n edges {\n node {\n __typename\n entityId\n ...articleWidgetContent\n id\n }\n }\n }\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleTopicsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n ...topicLinkTopic\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment articleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment articleWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...entityLink\n ...hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentArticleAtomBase_3o8td4 on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n ...articleSeoArticle_3o8td4\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n ...headerContentBookmarkArticle\n ...headerContentCommentTrigger\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersUseSharingUrl\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n ...hooksTrackPageViewArticle\n ...hooksContentInterestArticle\n ...hooksUseCurrentArticleIdsArticle\n ...hooksUseNotificationReadStatusArticle\n ...onboardingNewsletterSubscriptionArticle\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentNotificationSectionAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n ...hooksUseNotificationsSection\n id\n }\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentStyleCardCarouselWidgetSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment atomsCurrentTakeoverAdSectionsAtomBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n entityId\n entityUuid\n name\n types\n image(filter: {type: AUTHOR_IMAGE}) {\n style(filter: {style: \"300x300\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorAvatarsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorBioAuthor on Author {\n bio\n}\n\nfragment authorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...styleAuthorCardAuthor\n ...defaultAuthorCardAuthor\n ...plusAuthorCardAuthor\n}\n\nfragment authorNameAuthor on Author {\n ...entityLink\n name\n entityUuid\n}\n\nfragment authorNamesArticle on Article {\n authorLocations\n authors {\n entityId\n location\n ...authorNameAuthor\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorRoleAuthor on Author {\n role {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment authorSocialLinksAuthor on Author {\n socialLinks {\n class\n title\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment beforeYouGoActionWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...shareArticle20Content\n ...articleShareWidgetArticle\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment blockquoteQuotePlusGenericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentShareWidgetContent\n}\n\nfragment breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle on Article {\n entityId\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment carouselArticleSeriesCarouselArticle on Article {\n entityId\n seriesContainer {\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n urlAlias\n series {\n __typename\n ... on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n ...articleSeriesCarouselContent\n }\n ... on Node {\n __isNode: __typename\n id\n }\n }\n ...entityLink\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment checkersCheckContentContainsStarlingImageContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentActionBarContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n createdDate\n updatedDate\n publishedDate\n ...articleCommentArticle\n ... on Article {\n hasVideoContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentBodyContent_3o8td4 on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n body(customContents: $customContents, type: $bodyType) {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_1OCN1a on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size768x768: style(filter: {style: \"768x768\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_4isNar on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n landscape250x99: style(filter: {style: \"landscape_250_99\"}) {\n url\n }\n size540x360: style(filter: {style: \"540x360\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverImageContent_D9JlW on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n images {\n url\n title\n type\n size80x80: style(filter: {style: \"80x80\"}) {\n url\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentCoverVideoContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n headline\n socialHeadline\n ...contentHeadlineTagContent\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveArticleArticle on Article {\n ...itemLiveArticleContentArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentLiveTagContent on Article {\n ...helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n entityId\n relatedLinks\n}\n\nfragment contentNewsletterWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ... on Article {\n relatedNewsletters {\n ...helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentPublishedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n publishedDate\n}\n\nfragment contentReadMoreButtonContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...appButtonContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSchemaRenderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...blockquoteQuoteContent\n ...imageContent\n ...inlineWidgetContent\n ...photoGalleryWidgetContent\n ...scmpYoutubeContent\n}\n\nfragment contentShareWidgetContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n socialHeadline\n headline\n}\n\nfragment contentSponsorTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSubHeadlineContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n subHeadline {\n json\n }\n summary {\n json\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment contentSummaryContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n __typename\n summary {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment contentUpdatedDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment contextsArticleListContextProviderArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment contextsContentReadMoreContextProviderContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n}\n\nfragment copyLinkArticle20CopyLinkContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n urlAlias\n shortUrl\n headline\n socialHeadline\n}\n\nfragment defaultArticleDateContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...hooksArticleDateUtilsContent\n}\n\nfragment defaultAuthorCardAuthor on Author {\n ...authorAvatarAuthor\n ...authorBioAuthor\n ...authorNameAuthor\n ...authorRoleAuthor\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n ...followButtonBase\n}\n\nfragment entityFollowButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n ... on Section {\n entityId\n name\n }\n ... on Author {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n ... on Topic {\n entityId\n name\n disableFollow\n }\n}\n\nfragment entityLink on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n __typename\n entityId\n entityUuid\n urlAlias\n urlRedirect {\n toUrl\n id\n }\n application {\n entityId\n id\n }\n ... on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n parentSection\n }\n ...helpersAppBarVariantBase\n ...helpersApplicationBase\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment factSheetLinkPlusGenericArticleContent on Article {\n entityId\n factSheets {\n url\n name\n }\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment followButtonBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...entityFollowButtonBase\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n entityId\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentNewsletterWidgetContent\n ...globalCheckerContent\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n ...shareArticle20Content\n}\n\nfragment genericArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericArticle on Article {\n entityId\n ...buttonArticleSpeechInlineWidgetGenericButtonArticle\n ...hooksShowGenericInlineWidgetByArticleArticle\n ...toolTipArticleSpeechWidgetToolTipArticle\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleContent_3o8td4 on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n name\n urlAlias\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n name\n id\n }\n publishedDate\n additionalInfoBoxes {\n ...articleAdditionalInfoBoxArticle\n }\n ...genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle\n ...blockquoteQuoteGenericPostiesArticleContent\n ...articleBaseAdvertisingInfoArticle\n ...contentBodyContent_3o8td4\n}\n\nfragment genericPostiesArticleVocabBoxArticle on Article {\n glossary {\n term\n translation\n description {\n json\n }\n }\n ...contentSchemaRenderContent\n}\n\nfragment globalCheckerContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...articlePaywallCheckerContent\n}\n\nfragment headerContentBookmarkArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment headerContentCommentTrigger on Article {\n ...articleCommentsTriggerArticle\n}\n\nfragment headerMorningStudioArticle on Article {\n ...articleSponsorContent\n ...subheaderMorningStudioSubheaderContent\n headline\n coverDesktop: image(filter: {type: COVER}) {\n url\n }\n coverMobile: image(filter: {type: COVER_MOBILE}) {\n url\n }\n}\n\nfragment headerNewsletterArticleArticle on Article {\n headline\n ...issuesNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...breadcrumbNewsletterArticleArticle\n ...widgetNewsletterArticleArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersAppBarVariantBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsLiveArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersSectionContent\n ...helpersStyleSectionContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersApplicationBase on BaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias {\n __isBaseWithApplicationAndUrlAlias: __typename\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesPage\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusPage\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckArticleRenderTypeArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckCanShowInPlusPlatformArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckArticleIsInSectionsArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n ...helpersGetArticleTypeArticle\n ...helpersUseContentSponsorContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckHasLiveTagArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIfNewsSectionInFirstIndexSection on Section {\n name\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsLiveArticle on Article {\n flattenTypeIds\n liveArticle {\n status\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityUuid\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPlusPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsPostiesPage on Page {\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment helpersCheckIsStyleArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersGetArticleTypeArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArchiveWallArticle on Article {\n ...helpersIsVelocityWallArticle\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsArticleVideoAsHeroArticle on Article {\n multimediaEmbed {\n json\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersIsVelocityWallArticle on Article {\n paywallTypes {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersMassageToNewsletterItemNewsletter on Newsletter {\n entityId\n name\n alternativeName\n description {\n text\n }\n summary {\n text\n }\n homepageDescription {\n text\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle on Article {\n authors {\n types\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle on Article {\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersStyleSectionContent on Section {\n fullSectionPath {\n entityId\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseContentSponsorContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n topics {\n entityId\n sponsor {\n ...sponsorTagSponsor\n name\n type\n id\n }\n id\n }\n ... on Article {\n sponsorType\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsMainTopicContent\n}\n\nfragment helpersUseSharingUrl on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleAcknowledgementGateOverlayArticle on Article {\n entityId\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleDateUtilsContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n createdDate\n publishedDate\n updatedDate\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleReactionUtilsArticle on Article {\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n entityId\n id\n }\n entityId\n sponsorType\n}\n\nfragment hooksArticleSeoArticle on Article {\n ...helpersCheckIsPostiesArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPostMagazineArticle\n ...helpersCheckIsPlusArticle\n ...hooksContentHeadlineTagContent\n entityId\n headline\n socialHeadline\n types {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n authors {\n entityId\n id\n }\n topics {\n sponsor {\n entityId\n id\n }\n id\n }\n sections {\n value {\n entityId\n id\n }\n }\n images {\n generic_og: style(filter: {style: \"og_image_scmp_generic\"}) {\n url\n }\n styles(filter: {styles: [\"og_image_posties_article\", \"og_postmag\", \"og_image_scmp_analysis\", \"og_image_scmp_explainer\", \"og_image_scmp_editorial\", \"og_image_scmp_fact_check\", \"og_image_scmp_debate\", \"og_image_scmp_live\", \"og_image_scmp_obituary\", \"og_image_scmp_opinion\", \"og_image_scmp_review\", \"og_image_scmp_series\", \"og_image_scmp_generic\"]}) {\n url\n style\n }\n type\n }\n disableOffPlatformContent\n published\n sponsorType\n urlAlias\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHeadlineTagContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ... on Article {\n types {\n value {\n name\n entityId\n description {\n text\n }\n id\n }\n }\n ...helpersCheckIsStyleArticle\n }\n flag\n sections {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n ...hooksContentHelperContent\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentHelperContent on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...helpersSanitizeArticleTypeEntityIdsArticle\n ...helpersSanitizeAuthorTypesArticle\n ...helpersSanitizedAuthorEntityIdsArticle\n flag\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentInterestArticle on Article {\n entityId\n sentiment\n urlAlias\n types {\n value {\n name\n id\n }\n }\n topics {\n name\n id\n }\n}\n\nfragment hooksContentItemProvidersContent_2aLOLQ on Content {\n __isContent: __typename\n ...contentCoverImageContent_3ndUvy\n ...contentHeadlineContent\n ...contentSponsorTagContent\n ... on Video {\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment 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US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading"}]}]},"body":{"text":"Israel’s air strikes on Iran and military incursions into southern Lebanon against local Islamic militant group Hezbollah are visible defeats for US diplomacy aimed at de-escalation in the Middle East. China is getting involved, too, but it is still not a credible alternative to the United States as a mediating power in world crises.\nIn separate phone calls with his Israeli and Iranian counterparts, Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently called for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza and urged all sides to work for regional peace and stability. At the United Nations General Assembly in New York last month, Wang said of Russia’s war in Ukraine that “China is committed to playing a constructive role, engaging in shuttle mediation and promoting talks for peace”.\nChina is gaining stature on the world diplomatic stage. However, while the US is ready to take the risk of failing with its diplomatic actions, Beijing is not. The Chinese, it seems, are willing to participate in peace processes and whisper possible solutions – or, at most, facilitate talks – when actually, to play an indispensable role, they should be exerting pressure on warring parties.\nIt was not purely by chance that at an event on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on September 24, Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that “the United States is the only country that can really make a difference in the Middle East and with regard to Lebanon”.\nUS President Joe Biden has called the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar an opportunity to end the war in Gaza. The US government is, with the help of Qatar and Egypt, continuing to negotiate a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas after one year of conflict, and is trying to de-escalate the confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah. The Biden administration has, apparently, managed to mitigate Israel’s announced retaliation for Iran’s ballistic missile attacks.\nBoth Hamas and Hezbollah are allied with China’s friend Iran, a fact that should give Chinese diplomats room to manoeuvre. For now, that does not appear to be the case.\n\n\nThe dynamic is no different in Africa, which is dependent on Chinese trade, investment and loans. Sudan is a long-time energy partner of China, but the US is leading multilateral talks to end an 18-month civil conflict between the Sudanese regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.\nSomewhat surprisingly for a superpower in the making, China is not even scoring diplomatic points on its doorstep, such as in civil-war-torn Myanmar. Despite its influence on the local military junta and several ethnic armed groups, Beijing has been unable to hold warring factions to a ceasefire brokered in January. In the meantime, the US government has reached out to Myanmar’s opposition forces to increase support for a civilian transition, while India is reportedly trying to use its diplomatic influence in the country.\nIn July, China promoted a unity agreement among rival Palestinian factions over a post-Gaza-war settlement. Accords of this kind have been little more than hot air in the past, and it is safe to assume that Israel and the US will never come to terms with a Palestinian institutional actor that includes Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist groups.\nHamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh was killed in Tehran a week after the Chinese-mediated reconciliation deal was signed, and it is unlikely it happened by chance. Iranian authorities and their proxies have blamed the assassination on Israel.\n\n\nSome observers saw last year’s mediation to restore diplomatic relations between regional rivals Iran and Saudi Arabia as a watershed moment for Chinese diplomacy. However, aside from perhaps making Iranian-Saudi regional competition more predictable, the agreement brokered by Beijing has not actually produced any substantial results.\nThe war in Yemen, for instance, is a proxy battlefield for Iran and Saudi Arabia’s regional power play. Nevertheless, the Chinese have not been able to, or seemingly wanted to, leverage the deal between Tehran and Riyadh to work on a permanent solution to the decade-long civil strife.\nThe war in Ukraine is an example of how Chinese peace diplomacy has so far been flimsy. During talks in Guangzhou on July 24, Wang reiterated to his Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba that China was committed to encouraging a diplomatic solution for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A few days later, Kyiv launched an incursion into the Russian region of Kursk.\nStill, at the Brics summit of emerging economies in Kazan, Russia, last week, President Xi Jinping relaunched a six-point plan aimed at de-escalating the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Released in May by China and Brazil, it included the key principle of not expanding the battlefield.\n\n\nThe reality is that, when it comes to world crises, the US is leading but not delivering at the moment while China is failing without leading. So, what should we expect from the two rivals?\n“In this changing and turbulent world, countries need solidarity and coordination … not exclusion or regress,” Xi said during talks with US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan in Beijing on August 29.\nA diplomatic condominium between the US and China would be optimal for conflict resolution, but that is out of the question for now because of apparently irreconcilable geopolitical differences. That does not mean the two powers cannot bring pressure to bear on actors at war, and not necessarily in a coordinated manner.\nCombined pressure from the US and the Soviet Union forced Britain, France and Israel to accept a UN ceasefire and withdraw their military forces from Egypt during the Suez crisis in 1956. That was dictated more by competition than coordination, but it worked adequately nonetheless.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Israel’s "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3284025/israel-hit-irans-facilities-mixing-missile-fuel-satellite-images-suggest","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9ae77e54-6f4f-4114-93ac-ff6bb8132a7b","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"air strikes on Iran"}]},{"type":"text","data":" and military incursions "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3282560/israel-strikes-southern-beirut-after-us-says-it-opposes-scope-air-assault","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b343b3a2-4ae1-4b1b-862e-a18dd69cb7cb","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"into southern Lebanon"}]},{"type":"text","data":" against local Islamic militant group Hezbollah are visible defeats for US diplomacy aimed at de-escalation in the Middle East. China is getting involved, too, but it is still not a credible alternative to the United States as a mediating power in world crises."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In separate phone calls with his Israeli and Iranian counterparts, Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently called for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza and urged all sides to work for regional peace and stability. At the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3280386/chinas-foreign-minister-wang-yi-calls-mideast-ceasefire-hits-trade-sanctions","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"70e6b250-eb24-4e1a-9446-aaa876c249c1","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"United Nations General Assembly"}]},{"type":"text","data":" in New York last month, Wang said of Russia’s war in Ukraine that “China is committed to playing a constructive role, engaging in shuttle mediation and promoting talks for peace”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China is gaining stature on the world diplomatic stage. However, while the US is ready to take the risk of failing with its diplomatic actions, Beijing is not. The Chinese, it seems, are willing to participate in peace processes and whisper possible solutions – or, at most, facilitate talks – when actually, to play an indispensable role, they should be "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3281157/what-chinas-next-move-middle-east-violence-escalates","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"d5208c3c-c644-4296-8ece-5c62f2cbefbd","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"exerting pressure on warring parties"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"It was not purely by chance that at an event on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on September 24, Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that “the United States is the only country that can really make a difference in the Middle East and with regard to Lebanon”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"US President Joe Biden has called the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar an opportunity to end the war in Gaza. The US government is, with the help of Qatar and Egypt, continuing to negotiate a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas after one year of conflict, and is trying to de-escalate the confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah. The Biden administration has, apparently, managed to mitigate "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3283431/iran-commander-says-israel-may-launch-desperate-small-retaliatory-strike","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"f48a2738-d8fb-4fd1-9100-81c4db9778a5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Israel’s announced retaliation"}]},{"type":"text","data":" for Iran’s ballistic missile attacks."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Both Hamas and Hezbollah are allied with "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3265379/old-issue-china-iran-continue-strong-relations-despite-beijings-stance-disputed-gulf-islands","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"a2cc32cb-20f0-4482-bb13-1840cdc9e088","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s friend Iran"}]},{"type":"text","data":", a fact that should give Chinese diplomats room to manoeuvre. For now, that does not appear to be the case."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/zCJMQqJc_bk?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"Iran launches missile attack on Israel, Netanyahu vows retribution","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/02/CLEAN---thumbnail.jpg?itok=8reX2ElQ","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/02/CLEAN---thumbnail.jpg?itok=lNAQsdyc","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/02/CLEAN---thumbnail.jpg","data-duration":"03:45","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3280804","data-youtube-id":"zCJMQqJc_bk"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The dynamic is no different in Africa, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3152633/china-africa-and-3-years-xi-jinping-promised-rebalance-trade","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"96d8bd20-2dba-11ec-9021-f4cecde6cb15","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"which is dependent"}]},{"type":"text","data":" on Chinese trade, investment and loans. Sudan is a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3112694/china-sudan-and-oil-debt-distress-straining-decades-long","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"272133fe-35f4-11eb-8d89-a7d6b31c4b8a","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"long-time energy partner"}]},{"type":"text","data":" of China, but the US is leading multilateral talks to end an 18-month civil conflict between the Sudanese regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Somewhat surprisingly for a superpower in the making, China is not even scoring diplomatic points on its doorstep, such as in "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3284004/consulate-attack-highlights-chinas-delicate-balancing-act-myanmar","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9251e7b7-031d-48fa-93f3-cf327b7c3bfd","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"civil-war-torn Myanmar"}]},{"type":"text","data":". Despite its influence on the local military junta and several ethnic armed groups, Beijing has been unable to hold warring factions to a ceasefire "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3248278/china-brokers-myanmar-ceasefire-urges-junta-and-rebel-militia-exercise-maximum-restraint","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"fa0b1e6e-2da5-429e-9c9b-94942df48f8e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"brokered in January"}]},{"type":"text","data":". In the meantime, the US government has reached out to Myanmar’s opposition forces to increase support for a civilian transition, while India is reportedly trying to use its diplomatic influence in the country."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In July, China "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3271553/palestinian-factions-agree-end-division-pact-brokered-china","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ecc74a6a-24da-4432-aa68-ad9ebc7601fa","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"promoted a unity agreement"}]},{"type":"text","data":" among rival Palestinian factions over a post-Gaza-war settlement. Accords of this kind have been little more than hot air in the past, and it is safe to assume that Israel and the US will never come to terms with a Palestinian institutional actor that includes Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist groups."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Hamas political leader "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3272659/china-condemns-killing-hamas-leader-haniyeh-deeply-concerned-about-further-turmoil","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"f037cfaf-b180-4393-b9f0-39dbd8833255","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ismail Haniyeh"}]},{"type":"text","data":" was killed in Tehran a week after the Chinese-mediated reconciliation deal was signed, and it is unlikely it happened by chance. Iranian authorities and their proxies have blamed the assassination on Israel."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/cvTmpBtOnck?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"World reacts to air strikes killing Hamas leader in Iran and Hezbollah commander in Beirut","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/08/01/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=s3wC7xVu","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/08/01/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=A1O7sFKT","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/08/01/clean-thumb_0.jpg","data-duration":"03:05","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3272814","data-youtube-id":"cvTmpBtOnck"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Some observers saw last year’s mediation to restore diplomatic relations between regional rivals "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3213201/saudi-arabia-iran-and-how-chinese-brokered-deal-shows-beijings-mideast-influence","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"282b0194-6f4b-4632-9b87-66959ce523b3","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Iran and Saudi Arabia"}]},{"type":"text","data":" as a watershed moment for Chinese diplomacy. However, aside from perhaps making Iranian-Saudi regional competition more predictable, the agreement brokered by Beijing has not actually produced any substantial results."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3244030/will-yemens-houthis-derail-chinas-plans-be-global-diplomatic-power-broker","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"4cae5542-02a0-412e-ae68-80ae3a505b8d","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"war in Yemen"}]},{"type":"text","data":", for instance, is a proxy battlefield for Iran and Saudi Arabia’s regional power play. Nevertheless, the Chinese have not been able to, or seemingly wanted to, leverage the deal between Tehran and Riyadh to work on a permanent solution to the decade-long civil strife."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The war in Ukraine is an example of how Chinese peace diplomacy has so far been flimsy. During talks in Guangzhou on July 24, Wang reiterated to his Ukrainian counterpart "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3272075/why-did-ukraines-top-diplomat-dmytro-kuleba-meet-chinas-wang-yi-guangzhou","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9e1f94c6-9917-4fa5-8f96-77cd178fe701","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Dmytro Kuleba"}]},{"type":"text","data":" that China was committed to encouraging a diplomatic solution for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A few days later, Kyiv "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3276683/nato-chief-says-ukraines-incursion-russias-kursk-region-legitimate","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ca7fe078-d3f3-4ba3-a816-2f074ea45b2c","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"launched an incursion"}]},{"type":"text","data":" into the Russian region of Kursk."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Still, at the Brics summit of emerging economies in Kazan, Russia, last week, President Xi Jinping relaunched a six-point plan aimed at de-escalating the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3264067/china-and-brazil-jointly-urge-ukraine-war-de-escalation-propose-international-peace-conference","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"536984c9-92c1-44b4-ae20-cdf29bb4f3ed","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Released in May"}]},{"type":"text","data":" by China and Brazil, it included the key principle of not expanding the battlefield."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"class":"fitvidsignore","frameborder":"0","height":"392px","scrolling":"no","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/2024/graphics/launchers/20240222.html","width":"100%"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The reality is that, when it comes to world crises, the US is leading but not delivering at the moment while China is failing without leading. So, what should we expect from the two rivals?"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In this changing and turbulent world, countries need solidarity and coordination … not exclusion or regress,” Xi said during talks with US National Security Adviser "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3277063/jake-sullivans-china-visit-lays-stress-need-intense-diplomacy-us-election-looms","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b1e1790b-34bb-421f-bb1b-a2b5e56be082","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jake Sullivan"}]},{"type":"text","data":" in Beijing on August 29."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A diplomatic condominium between the US and China would be optimal for conflict resolution, but that is out of the question for now because of apparently irreconcilable geopolitical differences. That does not mean the two powers cannot bring pressure to bear on actors at war, and not necessarily in a coordinated manner."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Combined pressure from the US and the Soviet Union forced Britain, France and Israel to accept a UN ceasefire and withdraw their military forces from Egypt during the Suez crisis in 1956. 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US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading.\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading."}]}]},"subHeadline":{"text":"The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading\n","json":[{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The US may be leading peace efforts but it’s not delivering, while China is failing without leading"}]}]},"body":{"text":"Israel’s air strikes on Iran and military incursions into southern Lebanon against local Islamic militant group Hezbollah are visible defeats for US diplomacy aimed at de-escalation in the Middle East. China is getting involved, too, but it is still not a credible alternative to the United States as a mediating power in world crises.\nIn separate phone calls with his Israeli and Iranian counterparts, Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently called for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza and urged all sides to work for regional peace and stability. At the United Nations General Assembly in New York last month, Wang said of Russia’s war in Ukraine that “China is committed to playing a constructive role, engaging in shuttle mediation and promoting talks for peace”.\nChina is gaining stature on the world diplomatic stage. However, while the US is ready to take the risk of failing with its diplomatic actions, Beijing is not. The Chinese, it seems, are willing to participate in peace processes and whisper possible solutions – or, at most, facilitate talks – when actually, to play an indispensable role, they should be exerting pressure on warring parties.\nIt was not purely by chance that at an event on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on September 24, Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that “the United States is the only country that can really make a difference in the Middle East and with regard to Lebanon”.\nUS President Joe Biden has called the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar an opportunity to end the war in Gaza. The US government is, with the help of Qatar and Egypt, continuing to negotiate a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas after one year of conflict, and is trying to de-escalate the confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah. The Biden administration has, apparently, managed to mitigate Israel’s announced retaliation for Iran’s ballistic missile attacks.\nBoth Hamas and Hezbollah are allied with China’s friend Iran, a fact that should give Chinese diplomats room to manoeuvre. For now, that does not appear to be the case.\n\n\nThe dynamic is no different in Africa, which is dependent on Chinese trade, investment and loans. Sudan is a long-time energy partner of China, but the US is leading multilateral talks to end an 18-month civil conflict between the Sudanese regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces.\nSomewhat surprisingly for a superpower in the making, China is not even scoring diplomatic points on its doorstep, such as in civil-war-torn Myanmar. Despite its influence on the local military junta and several ethnic armed groups, Beijing has been unable to hold warring factions to a ceasefire brokered in January. In the meantime, the US government has reached out to Myanmar’s opposition forces to increase support for a civilian transition, while India is reportedly trying to use its diplomatic influence in the country.\nIn July, China promoted a unity agreement among rival Palestinian factions over a post-Gaza-war settlement. Accords of this kind have been little more than hot air in the past, and it is safe to assume that Israel and the US will never come to terms with a Palestinian institutional actor that includes Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist groups.\nHamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh was killed in Tehran a week after the Chinese-mediated reconciliation deal was signed, and it is unlikely it happened by chance. Iranian authorities and their proxies have blamed the assassination on Israel.\n\n\nSome observers saw last year’s mediation to restore diplomatic relations between regional rivals Iran and Saudi Arabia as a watershed moment for Chinese diplomacy. However, aside from perhaps making Iranian-Saudi regional competition more predictable, the agreement brokered by Beijing has not actually produced any substantial results.\nThe war in Yemen, for instance, is a proxy battlefield for Iran and Saudi Arabia’s regional power play. Nevertheless, the Chinese have not been able to, or seemingly wanted to, leverage the deal between Tehran and Riyadh to work on a permanent solution to the decade-long civil strife.\nThe war in Ukraine is an example of how Chinese peace diplomacy has so far been flimsy. During talks in Guangzhou on July 24, Wang reiterated to his Ukrainian counterpart Dmytro Kuleba that China was committed to encouraging a diplomatic solution for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A few days later, Kyiv launched an incursion into the Russian region of Kursk.\nStill, at the Brics summit of emerging economies in Kazan, Russia, last week, President Xi Jinping relaunched a six-point plan aimed at de-escalating the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. Released in May by China and Brazil, it included the key principle of not expanding the battlefield.\n\n\nThe reality is that, when it comes to world crises, the US is leading but not delivering at the moment while China is failing without leading. So, what should we expect from the two rivals?\n“In this changing and turbulent world, countries need solidarity and coordination … not exclusion or regress,” Xi said during talks with US National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan in Beijing on August 29.\nA diplomatic condominium between the US and China would be optimal for conflict resolution, but that is out of the question for now because of apparently irreconcilable geopolitical differences. That does not mean the two powers cannot bring pressure to bear on actors at war, and not necessarily in a coordinated manner.\nCombined pressure from the US and the Soviet Union forced Britain, France and Israel to accept a UN ceasefire and withdraw their military forces from Egypt during the Suez crisis in 1956. That was dictated more by competition than coordination, but it worked adequately nonetheless.\n","json":[{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Israel’s "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3284025/israel-hit-irans-facilities-mixing-missile-fuel-satellite-images-suggest","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9ae77e54-6f4f-4114-93ac-ff6bb8132a7b","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"air strikes on Iran"}]},{"type":"text","data":" and military incursions "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3282560/israel-strikes-southern-beirut-after-us-says-it-opposes-scope-air-assault","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b343b3a2-4ae1-4b1b-862e-a18dd69cb7cb","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"into southern Lebanon"}]},{"type":"text","data":" against local Islamic militant group Hezbollah are visible defeats for US diplomacy aimed at de-escalation in the Middle East. China is getting involved, too, but it is still not a credible alternative to the United States as a mediating power in world crises."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"0"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In separate phone calls with his Israeli and Iranian counterparts, Foreign Minister Wang Yi recently called for a ceasefire in the Israel-Hamas conflict in Gaza and urged all sides to work for regional peace and stability. At the "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3280386/chinas-foreign-minister-wang-yi-calls-mideast-ceasefire-hits-trade-sanctions","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"70e6b250-eb24-4e1a-9446-aaa876c249c1","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"United Nations General Assembly"}]},{"type":"text","data":" in New York last month, Wang said of Russia’s war in Ukraine that “China is committed to playing a constructive role, engaging in shuttle mediation and promoting talks for peace”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"China is gaining stature on the world diplomatic stage. However, while the US is ready to take the risk of failing with its diplomatic actions, Beijing is not. The Chinese, it seems, are willing to participate in peace processes and whisper possible solutions – or, at most, facilitate talks – when actually, to play an indispensable role, they should be "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3281157/what-chinas-next-move-middle-east-violence-escalates","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"d5208c3c-c644-4296-8ece-5c62f2cbefbd","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"exerting pressure on warring parties"}]},{"type":"text","data":"."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"1"}},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"20"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"It was not purely by chance that at an event on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly on September 24, Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that “the United States is the only country that can really make a difference in the Middle East and with regard to Lebanon”."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"US President Joe Biden has called the death of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar an opportunity to end the war in Gaza. The US government is, with the help of Qatar and Egypt, continuing to negotiate a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas after one year of conflict, and is trying to de-escalate the confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah. The Biden administration has, apparently, managed to mitigate "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-east/article/3283431/iran-commander-says-israel-may-launch-desperate-small-retaliatory-strike","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"f48a2738-d8fb-4fd1-9100-81c4db9778a5","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Israel’s announced retaliation"}]},{"type":"text","data":" for Iran’s ballistic missile attacks."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"2"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Both Hamas and Hezbollah are allied with "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3265379/old-issue-china-iran-continue-strong-relations-despite-beijings-stance-disputed-gulf-islands","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"a2cc32cb-20f0-4482-bb13-1840cdc9e088","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"China’s friend Iran"}]},{"type":"text","data":", a fact that should give Chinese diplomats room to manoeuvre. For now, that does not appear to be the case."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/zCJMQqJc_bk?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"Iran launches missile attack on Israel, Netanyahu vows retribution","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/02/CLEAN---thumbnail.jpg?itok=8reX2ElQ","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/02/CLEAN---thumbnail.jpg?itok=lNAQsdyc","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/10/02/CLEAN---thumbnail.jpg","data-duration":"03:45","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3280804","data-youtube-id":"zCJMQqJc_bk"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The dynamic is no different in Africa, "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3152633/china-africa-and-3-years-xi-jinping-promised-rebalance-trade","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"96d8bd20-2dba-11ec-9021-f4cecde6cb15","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"which is dependent"}]},{"type":"text","data":" on Chinese trade, investment and loans. Sudan is a "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3112694/china-sudan-and-oil-debt-distress-straining-decades-long","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"272133fe-35f4-11eb-8d89-a7d6b31c4b8a","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"long-time energy partner"}]},{"type":"text","data":" of China, but the US is leading multilateral talks to end an 18-month civil conflict between the Sudanese regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"3"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Somewhat surprisingly for a superpower in the making, China is not even scoring diplomatic points on its doorstep, such as in "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3284004/consulate-attack-highlights-chinas-delicate-balancing-act-myanmar","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9251e7b7-031d-48fa-93f3-cf327b7c3bfd","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"civil-war-torn Myanmar"}]},{"type":"text","data":". Despite its influence on the local military junta and several ethnic armed groups, Beijing has been unable to hold warring factions to a ceasefire "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3248278/china-brokers-myanmar-ceasefire-urges-junta-and-rebel-militia-exercise-maximum-restraint","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"fa0b1e6e-2da5-429e-9c9b-94942df48f8e","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"brokered in January"}]},{"type":"text","data":". In the meantime, the US government has reached out to Myanmar’s opposition forces to increase support for a civilian transition, while India is reportedly trying to use its diplomatic influence in the country."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"In July, China "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3271553/palestinian-factions-agree-end-division-pact-brokered-china","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ecc74a6a-24da-4432-aa68-ad9ebc7601fa","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"promoted a unity agreement"}]},{"type":"text","data":" among rival Palestinian factions over a post-Gaza-war settlement. Accords of this kind have been little more than hot air in the past, and it is safe to assume that Israel and the US will never come to terms with a Palestinian institutional actor that includes Hamas and other Palestinian terrorist groups."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"50"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Hamas political leader "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3272659/china-condemns-killing-hamas-leader-haniyeh-deeply-concerned-about-further-turmoil","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"f037cfaf-b180-4393-b9f0-39dbd8833255","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Ismail Haniyeh"}]},{"type":"text","data":" was killed in Tehran a week after the Chinese-mediated reconciliation deal was signed, and it is unlikely it happened by chance. Iranian authorities and their proxies have blamed the assassination on Israel."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"methode-html-wrapper oembed-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"subtype":"youtube","type":"iframe","attribs":{"allowfullscreen":"true","allowscriptaccess":"always","allow":"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture","class":"c1","frameborder":"0","width":"560","height":"315","scrolling":"no","src":"https://www.youtube.com/embed/cvTmpBtOnck?wmode=transparent\u0026jqoemcache=UdCOW\u0026enablejsapi=1\u0026playsinline=1","title":"World reacts to air strikes killing Hamas leader in Iran and Hezbollah commander in Beirut","data-poster-sm":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/768x768/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/08/01/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=s3wC7xVu","data-poster-lg":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/wide_landscape/public/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/08/01/clean-thumb_0.jpg?itok=A1O7sFKT","data-poster":"https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/d8/video/thumbnail/2024/08/01/clean-thumb_0.jpg","data-duration":"03:05","data-video-source":"SCMP","data-nid":"3272814","data-youtube-id":"cvTmpBtOnck"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Some observers saw last year’s mediation to restore diplomatic relations between regional rivals "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3213201/saudi-arabia-iran-and-how-chinese-brokered-deal-shows-beijings-mideast-influence","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"282b0194-6f4b-4632-9b87-66959ce523b3","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Iran and Saudi Arabia"}]},{"type":"text","data":" as a watershed moment for Chinese diplomacy. However, aside from perhaps making Iranian-Saudi regional competition more predictable, the agreement brokered by Beijing has not actually produced any substantial results."}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"4"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3244030/will-yemens-houthis-derail-chinas-plans-be-global-diplomatic-power-broker","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"4cae5542-02a0-412e-ae68-80ae3a505b8d","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"war in Yemen"}]},{"type":"text","data":", for instance, is a proxy battlefield for Iran and Saudi Arabia’s regional power play. Nevertheless, the Chinese have not been able to, or seemingly wanted to, leverage the deal between Tehran and Riyadh to work on a permanent solution to the decade-long civil strife."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The war in Ukraine is an example of how Chinese peace diplomacy has so far been flimsy. During talks in Guangzhou on July 24, Wang reiterated to his Ukrainian counterpart "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3272075/why-did-ukraines-top-diplomat-dmytro-kuleba-meet-chinas-wang-yi-guangzhou","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"9e1f94c6-9917-4fa5-8f96-77cd178fe701","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Dmytro Kuleba"}]},{"type":"text","data":" that China was committed to encouraging a diplomatic solution for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. A few days later, Kyiv "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/world/europe/article/3276683/nato-chief-says-ukraines-incursion-russias-kursk-region-legitimate","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"ca7fe078-d3f3-4ba3-a816-2f074ea45b2c","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"launched an incursion"}]},{"type":"text","data":" into the Russian region of Kursk."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Still, at the Brics summit of emerging economies in Kazan, Russia, last week, President Xi Jinping relaunched a six-point plan aimed at de-escalating the conflict between Ukraine and Russia. "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3264067/china-and-brazil-jointly-urge-ukraine-war-de-escalation-propose-international-peace-conference","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"536984c9-92c1-44b4-ae20-cdf29bb4f3ed","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Released in May"}]},{"type":"text","data":" by China and Brazil, it included the key principle of not expanding the battlefield."}]},{"type":"div","attribs":{"class":"scmp-code-block methode-html-wrapper"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"\n"},{"type":"iframe","attribs":{"class":"fitvidsignore","frameborder":"0","height":"392px","scrolling":"no","src":"https://multimedia.scmp.com/2024/graphics/launchers/20240222.html","width":"100%"},"children":[]}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"The reality is that, when it comes to world crises, the US is leading but not delivering at the moment while China is failing without leading. So, what should we expect from the two rivals?"}]},{"type":"inline-ad-slot","attribs":{"tag":"5"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"“In this changing and turbulent world, countries need solidarity and coordination … not exclusion or regress,” Xi said during talks with US National Security Adviser "},{"type":"a","attribs":{"href":"https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3277063/jake-sullivans-china-visit-lays-stress-need-intense-diplomacy-us-election-looms","title":"","target":"_self","data-entity-uuid":"b1e1790b-34bb-421f-bb1b-a2b5e56be082","data-entity-type":"node","data-entity-bundle":"article"},"children":[{"type":"text","data":"Jake Sullivan"}]},{"type":"text","data":" in Beijing on August 29."}]},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"A diplomatic condominium between the US and China would be optimal for conflict resolution, but that is out of the question for now because of apparently irreconcilable geopolitical differences. That does not mean the two powers cannot bring pressure to bear on actors at war, and not necessarily in a coordinated manner."}]},{"type":"track-viewed-percentage","attribs":{"percentage":"90"}},{"type":"p","children":[{"type":"text","data":"Combined pressure from the US and the Soviet Union forced Britain, France and Israel to accept a UN ceasefire and withdraw their military forces from Egypt during the Suez crisis in 1956. 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