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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Życiorys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Życiorys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Życiorys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Życiorys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Stuart Brown</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 45 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مايكل ستيوارت براون – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مايكل ستيوارت براون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braun_Maykl_St%C3%BCart" title="Braun Maykl Stüart – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Braun Maykl Stüart" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3._%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مایکل اس. براون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مایکل اس. براون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8" title="মাইকেল স্টুয়ার্ট ব্রাউন – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাইকেল স্টুয়ার্ট ব্রাউন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD" title="Майкл Сцюарт Браўн – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Майкл Сцюарт Браўн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michael S. Brown" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3._%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مایکل اس. براون – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مایکل اس. براون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brown_(m%C3%A9decin)" title="Michael Brown (médecin) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michael Brown (médecin)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – galicyjski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%81%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B4" title="마이클 스튜어트 브라운 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마이클 스튜어트 브라운" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown – chorwacki" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Michael S. Brown" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michael S. Brown" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מייקל סטוארט בראון – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מייקל סטוארט בראון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Майкл Стюарт Браун – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Майкл Стюарт Браун" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Brown" title="Michael Brown – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Michael Brown" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مايكل ستيوارت براون – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مايكل ستيوارت براون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3._%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مایکل اس. براون – mazanderański" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مایکل اس. براون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3_(%E9%81%BA%E4%BC%9D%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" title="マイケル・ブラウン (遺伝学者) – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マイケル・ブラウン (遺伝学者)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%86" title="مائیکل براؤن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مائیکل براؤن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Браун, Майкл Стюарт – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Браун, Майкл Стюарт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michael S. Brown" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Brown" title="Michael S. Brown – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michael S. Brown" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Майкл Стүарт Браун – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Майкл Стүарт Браун" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D._%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మైఖేల్ ఎస్. బ్రౌన్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మైఖేల్ ఎస్. బ్రౌన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – turecki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Майкл Стюарт Браун – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Майкл Стюарт Браун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%B9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="مائیکل سٹاورٹ براون – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مائیکل سٹاورٹ براون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Michael Stuart Brown" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="麥可·斯圖亞特·布朗 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="麥可·斯圖亞特·布朗" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q295684#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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title="Inne znaczenia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/25px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/38px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/50px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><span>Zobacz też: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Brown" class="mw-disambig" title="Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a>.</span></div> <table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#629ed0; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Michael Stuart Brown</div> </caption> <tbody><tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Mike_Brown_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Michael Brown (2003)"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mike_Brown_2003.jpg/192px-Mike_Brown_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mike_Brown_2003.jpg/288px-Mike_Brown_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Mike_Brown_2003.jpg/384px-Mike_Brown_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br />Michael Brown (2003) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Państwo działania </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Stany_Zjednoczone" title="Stany Zjednoczone">Stany Zjednoczone</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Data i miejsce urodzenia </th> <td> <p><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/13_kwietnia" title="13 kwietnia">13 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:LightBlue; color:black; text-align:center; font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa; padding:3px;">Specjalność: genetyka molekularna </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alma_Mater" title="Alma Mater">Alma Mater</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Pensylwanii" title="Uniwersytet Pensylwanii">Uniwersytet Pensylwanii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#629ed0; color:black; text-align:center; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b>Nagrody</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Nagroda Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_S._Brown" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Michael_S._Brown" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Michael S. Brown">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Michael Stuart Brown</b> (ur. <a href="/wiki/13_kwietnia" title="13 kwietnia">13 kwietnia</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> w <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklynie</a>) – amerykański genetyk, laureat <a href="/wiki/Nagroda_Nobla" title="Nagroda Nobla">Nagrody Nobla</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Życiorys"><span id=".C5.BByciorys"></span>Życiorys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Stuart_Brown&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Życiorys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Stuart_Brown&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Życiorys"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Był najstarszym dzieckiem Harveya Browna (sprzedawcy tekstyliów) i jego żony Evelyn Brown. Kiedy miał 11 lat przeniósł się wraz z rodziną z <a href="/wiki/Nowy_Jork" title="Nowy Jork">Nowego Jorku</a> do Elkins Park (przedmieścia <a href="/wiki/Filadelfia" title="Filadelfia">Filadelfii</a>) W dzieciństwie interesował się dziennikarstwem oraz <a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3tkofalarstwo" title="Krótkofalarstwo">krótkofalarstwem</a> (licencję krótkofalarską uzyskał jako 13-latek)<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>Studiował na <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Pensylwanii" title="Uniwersytet Pensylwanii">Uniwersytecie Pensylwanii</a>, w 1962 roku ukończył <i>College of Arts & Sciences</i> z chemią jako głównym przedmiotem, a w 1966 zdobył tytuł magistra w <i>School of Medicine</i> tej samej uczelni. W czasie studiów dużo czasu poświęcał redagowaniu studenckiej gazety <i>Daily Pennsylvanian</i>. Kolejne dwa lata spędził w należącym do <a href="/wiki/Uniwersytet_Harvarda" title="Uniwersytet Harvarda">Uniwersytetu Harvarda</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_General_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts General Hospital (strona nie istnieje)">Massachusetts General Hospital</a> w <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Bostonie</a>. Tam pierwszy raz współpracował oraz zaprzyjaźnił się z <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Josephem Goldsteinem</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>W latach 1968–1971 pracował w kierowanym przez <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_R._Stadtman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl R. Stadtman (strona nie istnieje)">Earla Stadtmana</a> Laboratorium Biochemii w <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>. Zajmował się tam technikami enzymologicznymi, a także regulacją <a href="/wiki/Metabolizm" title="Metabolizm">metabolizmu</a><sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-1">[1]</a></sup>. </p><p>W 1971 przeniósł się do <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Texas_Southwestern_Medical_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Texas Southwestern Medical School (strona nie istnieje)">University of Texas Southwestern Medical School</a>, gdzie ponownie podjął współpracę z Goldsteinem. Badając metabolizm <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterolu</a> stwierdzili, że ludzkie komórki zawierają receptory <a href="/wiki/Lipoproteina_niskiej_g%C4%99sto%C5%9Bci" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipoproteina niskiej gęstości">lipoprotein o niskiej gęstości</a> (LDL - <i>low-density lipoprotein</i>), które zapewniają pobieranie cholesterolu z <a href="/wiki/Osocze_krwi" title="Osocze krwi">osocza</a> krwi. Brak receptorów LDL prowadzi do <a href="/wiki/Hipercholesterolemia" title="Hipercholesterolemia">hipercholesterolemii</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mia%C5%BCd%C5%BCyca" title="Miażdżyca">miażdżycy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p><p>W 1985 wraz z <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Josephem Goldsteinem</a> otrzymał <a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii i medycyny</a> za ich odkrycie dotyczące regulacji metabolizmu cholesterolu<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannica-2">[2]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Stuart_Brown&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Stuart_Brown&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1985/brown/biographical/">Michael S. Brown Biographical</a>. [w:] <i>nobelprize.org</i> [on-line]. [dostęp 2021-06-26]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Britannica_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation open-access"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-S-Brown"><i>Michael S. Brown</i></a>, [w:] <i><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="accessdate"> [dostęp 2021-06-26]</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft.gengre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michael+S.+Brown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.btitle=%27%27%5B%5BEncyklopedia+Britannica%7CEncyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%5D%5D%27%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMichael-S-Brown" style="display:none"> </span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin:auto;text-align:center;padding:3px;margin-top:1em;clear:both}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna" title="Szablon:Nobel Medycyna"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dyskusja_szablonu:Nobel_Medycyna" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Nobel Medycyna"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Nobel_Medycyna&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Laureaci_Nagrody_Nobla_w_dziedzinie_fizjologii_lub_medycyny" title="Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny">Laureaci Nagrody Nobla w dziedzinie fizjologii lub medycyny</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XX wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/Iwan_Paw%C5%82ow" title="Iwan Pawłow">Pawłow</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laveran" title="Charles Laveran">Laveran</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/Ilja_Miecznikow" title="Ilja Miecznikow">Miecznikow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a></li> <li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Richet</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a></li> <li>1920: <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Vivian_Hill" title="Archibald Vivian Hill">Hill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Meyerhof" title="Otto Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a></li> <li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sherrington" title="Charles Sherrington">Sherrington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Douglas_Adrian" title="Edgar Douglas Adrian">Adrian</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Murphy" title="William Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Spencer_Gasser" title="Herbert Spencer Gasser">Gasser</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Boris_Chain" title="Ernst Boris Chain">Chain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Joseph_Muller" title="Hermann Joseph Muller">Muller</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G.Cori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Paul_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Müller">Müller</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egas_Moniz" title="Egas Moniz">Moniz</a></li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Reichstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Adolf_Krebs" title="Hans Adolf Krebs">Krebs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lipmann" title="Fritz Lipmann">Lipmann</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Werner_For%C3%9Fmann" title="Werner Forßmann">Forßmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/George_Wells_Beadle" title="George Wells Beadle">Beadle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lawrie_Tatum" title="Edward Lawrie Tatum">Tatum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa_de_Albornoz" title="Severo Ochoa de Albornoz">Ochoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">Watson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/John_Carew_Eccles" title="John Carew Eccles">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fielding_Huxley" title="Andrew Fielding Huxley">Huxley</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Lynen" title="Feodor Lynen">Lynen</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" title="André Michel Lwoff">Lwoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Huggins" title="Charles Huggins">Huggins</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Robert_William_Holley" title="Robert William Holley">Holley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Day_Hershey" title="Alfred Day Hershey">Hershey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a></li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Sutherland</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Lorenz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Temin</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Othanel_Smith" title="Hamilton Othanel Smith">Smith</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Snell" title="George Snell">Snell</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Sperry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">Hubel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Samuelsson" title="Bengt Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Vane" title="John Vane">Vane</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Niels_K._Jerne" title="Niels K. Jerne">Jerne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges Köhler">Köhler</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a></li> <li>1985: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/James_W._Black" title="James W. Black">Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Hitchings" title="George Hitchings">Hitchings</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts" title="Richard J. Roberts">Roberts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman" title="Alfred Gilman">Gilman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Doherty" title="Peter Doherty">Doherty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Zinkernagel" title="Rolf Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Prusiner</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Furchgott" title="Robert Furchgott">Furchgott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">XXI wiek</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Leland_H._Hartwell" title="Leland H. Hartwell">Hartwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Robert_Horvitz" title="Howard Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Z._Fire" title="Andrew Z. Fire">Fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_C._Mello" title="Craig C. Mello">Mello</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%E2%80%99ya_Yamanaka" title="Shin’ya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas Südhof">Südhof</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M.-B. Moser</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_O%E2%80%99Keefe" title="John O’Keefe">O’Keefe</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell" title="William C. Campbell">Campbell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Tu</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_%C5%8Csumi" title="Yoshinori Ōsumi">Ōsumi</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ratcliffe" title="Peter Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Alter" title="Harvey Alter">Alter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:NobelP2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Nobel"><img alt="Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/80px-NobelP2.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/120px-NobelP2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/NobelP2.png/160px-NobelP2.png 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="542" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r74983602"><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_80._XX_w.)" title="Szablon:Laureaci National Medal of Science (lata 80. XX w.)"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_80._XX_w.)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Laureaci National Medal of Science (lata 80. XX w.) (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Laureaci_National_Medal_of_Science_(lata_80._XX_w.)&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Laureaci <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a> (lata 80. XX w.)</div><div class="mw-collapsible-content flex"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1981</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Handler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Handler (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Handler</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1982</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_W._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip W. Anderson (strona nie istnieje)">Philip W. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_W._Burton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn W. Burton (strona nie istnieje)">Glenn W. Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F._Albert_Cotton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="F. Albert Cotton (strona nie istnieje)">F. Albert Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Heinemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Heinemann (strona nie istnieje)">Ed Heinemann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_L._Katz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald L. Katz (strona nie istnieje)">Donald L. Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Stone" title="Marshall Stone">Marshall Harvey Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Townes" title="Charles Townes">Charles H. Townes</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1983</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_L._Bachrach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard L. Bachrach (strona nie istnieje)">Howard L. Bachrach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Heine_Goldstine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Heine Goldstine (strona nie istnieje)">Hermann Heine Goldstine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">William Hewlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helmut_E._Landsberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helmut E. Landsberg (strona nie istnieje)">Helmut E. Landsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Michael_Low&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Michael Low (strona nie istnieje)">George Michael Low</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Munk_(naukowiec)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Munk (naukowiec) (strona nie istnieje)">Walter Munk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_C._Pimentel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C. Pimentel (strona nie istnieje)">George C. Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendell_L._Roelofs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendell L. Roelofs (strona nie istnieje)">Wendell L. Roelofs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berta_Scharrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berta Scharrer (strona nie istnieje)">Berta Scharrer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isadore_M._Singer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isadore M. Singer (strona nie istnieje)">Isadore M. Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_G._Trump&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John G. Trump (strona nie istnieje)">John G. Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_N._Zare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard N. Zare (strona nie istnieje)">Richard N. Zare</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1986</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solomon_J._Buchsbaum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solomon J. Buchsbaum (strona nie istnieje)">Solomon J. Buchsbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_R._Crane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace R. Crane (strona nie istnieje)">Horace R. Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herman_Feshbach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herman Feshbach (strona nie istnieje)">Herman Feshbach</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Gray (strona nie istnieje)">Harry Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Henderson (strona nie istnieje)">Donald Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann (strona nie istnieje)">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tung-Yen_Lin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tung-Yen Lin (strona nie istnieje)">Tung-Yen Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_S._Marvel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl S. Marvel (strona nie istnieje)">Carl S. Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vernon_Mountcastle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vernon Mountcastle (strona nie istnieje)">Vernon Mountcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_M._Oliver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard M. Oliver (strona nie istnieje)">Bernard M. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">George Emil Palade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Herbert Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Steitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Steitz (strona nie istnieje)">Joan Steitz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Westheimer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Westheimer (strona nie istnieje)">Frank Westheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a5"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1987</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Hauge_Abelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Hauge Abelson (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Hauge Abelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_B._Bird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert B. Bird (strona nie istnieje)">Robert B. Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ellis_DeBakey" title="Michael Ellis DeBakey">Michael Ellis DeBakey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_O._Diener&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor O. Diener (strona nie istnieje)">Theodor O. Diener</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Eagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Eagle (strona nie istnieje)">Harry Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Elsasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Elsasser (strona nie istnieje)">Walter Elsasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Summer_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Summer Johnson (strona nie istnieje)">William Summer Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Har Gobind Khorana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Christian_Lauterbur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Christian Lauterbur (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Christian Lauterbur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Pake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Pake (strona nie istnieje)">George Pake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Bolton_Seed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Bolton Seed (strona nie istnieje)">H. Bolton Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stigler" title="George Stigler">George Stigler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_H._Stockmayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter H. Stockmayer (strona nie istnieje)">Walter H. Stockmayer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Tishler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Tishler (strona nie istnieje)">Max Tishler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James van Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Weber_(in%C5%BCynier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Weber (inżynier) (strona nie istnieje)">Ernst Weber</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a6"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1988</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_O._Baker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William O. Baker (strona nie istnieje)">William O. Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Allan_Bromley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Allan Bromley (strona nie istnieje)">David Allan Bromley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michael Stuart Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Chu (strona nie istnieje)">Paul Chu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley N. Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elias_James_Corey_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elias James Corey Jr. (strona nie istnieje)">Elias James Corey Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Drucker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Drucker (strona nie istnieje)">Daniel C. Drucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Leonard_Goldstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Leonard Goldstein (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph Leonard Goldstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Gomory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ralph Gomory (strona nie istnieje)">Ralph Gomory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Hawkins (strona nie istnieje)">Willis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_W._Housner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George W. Housner (strona nie istnieje)">George W. Housner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric R. Kandel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_B._Keller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph B. Keller (strona nie istnieje)">Joseph B. Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_F._Ramsey" title="Norman F. Ramsey">Norman Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Rosalyn Sussman Yalow</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a7"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">1989</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Orville_Beckman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Orville Beckman (strona nie istnieje)">Arnold Orville Beckman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Bernstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard B. Bernstein (strona nie istnieje)">Richard B. Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_George_Drickamer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry George Drickamer (strona nie istnieje)">Harry George Drickamer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katherine_Esau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katherine Esau (strona nie istnieje)">Katherine Esau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Grier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Grier (strona nie istnieje)">Herbert Grier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktor_Hamburger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktor Hamburger (strona nie istnieje)">Viktor Hamburger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Karlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Karlin (strona nie istnieje)">Samuel Karlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Leder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Leder (strona nie istnieje)">Philip Leder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Marcus" title="Rudolph Marcus">Rudolph Arthur Marcus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harden_M._McConnell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harden M. McConnell (strona nie istnieje)">Harden M. McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_P._Sharp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert P. Sharp (strona nie istnieje)">Robert P. Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Spencer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Spencer (strona nie istnieje)">Donald Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry" title="Roger Wolcott Sperry">Roger Sperry</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Stommel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Stommel (strona nie istnieje)">Henry Stommel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harland_G._Wood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harland G. Wood (strona nie istnieje)">Harland G. Wood</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-after after"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:National_Medal_of_Science.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/100px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/150px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/National_Medal_of_Science.jpg/200px-National_Medal_of_Science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="594" /></a></span> </p> </div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-p"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description">osoba</span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000079047645">0000000079047645</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-152X">0000-0002-1324-152X</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/84823318">84823318</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/n89123897">n89123897</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1220174645">1220174645</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/nlk20010095853">nlk20010095853</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_PWN_(internetowa)" title="Encyklopedia PWN (internetowa)">PWN</a>: <span 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text" href="https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/michael-s-brown">michael-s-brown</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" title="Store norske leksikon">SNL</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=4342&url_prefix=https://snl.no/&id=Michael_S._Brown">Michael_S._Brown</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=Michael_Brown">Michael_Brown</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_enciklopedija" title="Hrvatska enciklopedija">Hrvatska enciklopedija</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=9745">9745</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img 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