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<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legends subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cadoc_and_Arthur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadoc_and_Arthur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cadoc and Arthur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cadoc_and_Arthur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_legends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_legends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other legends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_legends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legendary_genealogy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legendary_genealogy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Legendary genealogy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legendary_genealogy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liturgical_celebration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liturgical_celebration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Liturgical celebration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liturgical_celebration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cadog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadoko" title="Kadoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kadoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Cado" title="Saint Cado – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint Cado" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadog_Ddoeth" title="Cadog Ddoeth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cadog Ddoeth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadoko" title="Kadoko – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kadoko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadoc" title="Cadoc – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cadoc" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadok_z_Llancarvon" title="Kadok z Llancarvon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kadok z Llancarvon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadoco" title="Cadoco – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cadoco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Кадок Мудрый – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кадок Мудрый" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1889720#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cadoc" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1889720" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Welsh saint</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cadoc_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cadoc (disambiguation)">Cadoc (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Saint Cadoc</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Cado.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saint_Cado.JPG/250px-Saint_Cado.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="497" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saint_Cado.JPG/330px-Saint_Cado.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Saint_Cado.JPG/500px-Saint_Cado.JPG 2x" data-file-width="844" data-file-height="2096" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Saint Cadog as represented at <a href="/wiki/Belz,_Morbihan" title="Belz, Morbihan">Belz</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 497<br />traditionally <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynllwg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Gwynllwg">Kingdom of Gwynllwg</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">580, traditionally 21 September<br /><i>Beneventum</i> (see text)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>;<br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican Communion</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Llancarfan_Abbey" class="mw-redirect" title="Llancarfan Abbey">Llancarfan Abbey</a><br />(now destroyed)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25 September,<br />formerly 24 January</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Bishop throwing a spear, crown at feet, sometimes accompanied by a stag, a pig or a mouse</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Llancarfan" title="Llancarfan">Llancarfan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Famine" title="Famine">famine</a> victims; deafness; glandular disorders</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Controversy</th><td class="infobox-data">Place of death (see text)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saint Cadoc</b> or <b>Cadog</b> (<a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Latin language">Medieval Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Cadocus</i>; also <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language#Modern_Welsh" title="Welsh language">Modern Welsh</a>: Catawg or Catwg; born <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 497</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or before) was a 5th–6th-century <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Llancarfan" title="Llancarfan">Llancarfan</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Cowbridge" title="Cowbridge">Cowbridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glamorgan" title="Glamorgan">Glamorgan</a>, Wales, a monastery famous from the era of the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic church">Celtic church</a> as a centre of learning, where <a href="/wiki/Illtud" title="Illtud">Illtud</a> spent the first period of his religious life under Cadoc's tutelage. Cadoc is credited with the establishment of many churches in <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dyfed" title="Dyfed">Dyfed</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. He is known as <i>Cattwg Ddoeth</i>, "the Wise", and a large collection of his maxims and moral sayings were included in Volume III of the <a href="/wiki/Myvyrian_Archaiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Myvyrian Archaiology">Myvyrian Archaiology</a>. He is listed in the 2004 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a> under 21 September. His <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman-era</a> "Life" is a <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a> of importance to the <a href="/wiki/Historical_basis_for_King_Arthur" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical basis for King Arthur">case for the historicity of Arthur</a> as one of seven saints' lives that mention Arthur independently of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tatlock_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatlock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cadoc's story appears in a <i>Vita Cadoci</i> written shortly before 1086 by Lifris of Llancarfan;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "it was clearly written at Llancarfan with the purpose of honouring the house and confirming its endowments".<sup id="cite_ref-Tatlock_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tatlock-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, it is of limited historical merit though some details are of interest. Llancarfan did not survive the intrusion of Norman power into South Wales, being dissolved about 1086.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cadoc began life under a cloud of violence. His father, <a href="/wiki/Gwynllyw" title="Gwynllyw">Gwynllyw</a> the Bearded, was one of the lesser kings of Wales, a brother of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petroc" title="Saint Petroc">Saint Petroc</a>, and a robber chieftain. He wanted to propose to Princess Gwladys, daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Brychan" title="Brychan">Brychan</a> of Brycheiniog, a neighboring chieftain, but Brychan turned away the envoys asking for Gwladys' hand. Wildly in love, Gwynllyw and Gwladys eloped from her father's court at Brecon and escaped over the mountains<sup id="cite_ref-gray_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a raid in which 200 of Gwynllyw's 300 followers perished.<sup id="cite_ref-brookline_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born into the royal families of <a href="/wiki/Gwynllwg" title="Gwynllwg">Gwynllwg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brycheiniog" title="Brycheiniog">Brycheiniog</a>, it is said, he worked miracles even before his birth. Strange lights shone in his parents’ house and the cellars were miraculously filled with food.<sup id="cite_ref-gray_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cadoc was born in <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire" title="Monmouthshire">Monmouthshire</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around the year 497. An angel announced his birth and summoned the hermit Meuthi to baptise and teach him. A holy well sprang up for his baptism and afterwards flowed with wine and milk.<sup id="cite_ref-gray_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is thought that he was baptised as Cathmail (Cadfael).<sup id="cite_ref-west_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the birth of his son, Gwynllyw went on a wild celebratory raid with a new band of fearless warriors. Among other livestock, he stole the cow of an Irish monk, St. Tathyw of <a href="/wiki/Caerwent" title="Caerwent">Caerwent</a>. This is probably <a href="/wiki/Tathan" title="Tathan">Tathan</a>, a reputed early abbot of nearby Caerwent whose dedications appear around <a href="/wiki/Llantwit_Major" title="Llantwit Major">Llantwit Major</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tathyw was not afraid of Gwynllyw and boldly went to confront him, demanding the return of the cow. On a sudden impulse, or perhaps guided by divine inspiration, Gwynllyw decided Cadoc would go to live under the monk's care, and he was sent away to be educated at Tathyw's monastery in Caerwent. Cadoc picked up a basic knowledge of Latin and received a rudimentary education that prepared him for further studies in Ireland and Wales. Most important, Cadoc learned to appreciate the life of a monk and a priest.<sup id="cite_ref-brookline_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One day while in the Cardiff district of Glamorgan, Cadoc was being chased by an armed swineherd from an enemy tribe. As he ran through the woods looking for a place to hide, he came upon a wild boar, white with age. Disturbed by his presence, the boar made three fierce bounds in his direction, but Cadoc's life was spared when the boar miraculously disappeared. Cadoc took this as a heavenly sign, and marked the spot with three tree branches. The valley was owned by his uncle, King Pawl of <a href="/wiki/Penychen" title="Penychen">Penychen</a>, who made a present of the land to his nephew. The location later became the site of the great church college and monastery at Llancarvan.<sup id="cite_ref-brookline_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brookline-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Maches (Latin: <i>Machuta</i>), the sister of Cadoc according to tradition, was killed by robbers who were stealing her finest ram. Tathan, to whom the murderers confessed their crime, built a church on the spot.<sup id="cite_ref-Hando_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hando-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In adulthood Cadoc refused to take charge of his father's army, "preferring to fight for Christ". He founded his first monastery at Llancarfan in the Vale of Glamorgan, and from there he went to Ireland to study for three years. Returning to Wales, he studied with Bachan or Pachan, a <a href="/wiki/Rhetorician" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhetorician">teacher of rhetoric</a> from Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then travelled to Scotland where he founded a monastery at Cambuslang. Back at Llancarfan, his influence helped it to grow into one of the chief monasteries in South Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-west_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One tradition has it that he went on pilgrimage to Rome, but more certain is the knowledge of time spent in Brittany. He settled there on an island in the Etel river, now called L'Ile de Cado, where he built an oratory, founded a monastery and devoted himself to spreading the Gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-west_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are chapels dedicated to him at <a href="/wiki/Belz,_Morbihan" title="Belz, Morbihan">Belz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Locoal-Mendon" title="Locoal-Mendon">Locoal-Mendon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Morbihan" title="Morbihan">Morbihan</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Gouesnac%27h" title="Gouesnac'h">Gouesnac'h</a> in <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a>, where he is called upon to cure the deaf. His name is also the basis of some thirty Breton place-names. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Llancarfan">Llancarfan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Llancarfan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Catwg_in_Catwg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/St_Catwg_in_Catwg.jpg/220px-St_Catwg_in_Catwg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/St_Catwg_in_Catwg.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>St Catwg window in Caerphilly</figcaption></figure> <p>According to Huddleston, most Welsh writers assign the founding of Llancarfan to the period of St. Germanus's visit to Britain in A.D. 447, stating further that the first principal was St. Dubric, or Dubricius, on whose elevation to the episcopate St. Cadoc, or Cattwg, succeeded. On the other hand, he notes that the <i>Life of St. Germanus</i>, written by Constantius, a priest of Lyons, about fifty years after the death of the saint, says nothing at all of any school founded by him or under his auspices, in Britain, nor is mention made of his presence in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An alternate tradition holds that Llancarvan monastery or "Church of the Stags", in Glamorgan, and not far from the Bristol Channel, was founded in the latter part of the fifth century by Cadoc. Here he established a monastery and college, which became the seminary of many great and holy men. The spot at first seemed an impossible one, an almost inaccessible marsh, but he and his monks drained and cultivated it, transforming it into one of the most famous and attractive religious homes in South Wales. The plan of the building included a monastery, a college, and a hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-chandlery_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chandlery-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having got the community established, he went off to Ireland to study and teach. When he returned three years later, he found the monastery in ruins. Furious, he forced the monks back to manual labour, dragging timber from the woods to begin the work of reconstruction. Two stags came out of the forest to help them, which is said to be why the stream running past the monastery is called the Nant Carfan, the Stag Brook.<sup id="cite_ref-gray_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gray-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rev. Rees suggests that although the monastery was said to have been situated at Llancarfan, the particular spot on which it stood was called Llanfeithin.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scotland">Scotland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 528, after his father's death, Cadoc is said to have built a stone monastery in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> probably at <a href="/wiki/Kilmadock" title="Kilmadock">Kilmadock</a>, which was named for the saint, north-west of Stirling,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the Annant Burn enters the River Teith about 2 miles upstream from Doune. Near the ruins of the old Kilmadock church and graveyard is Hermit's Croft, thought to be where he lived for seven years. Seven local churches that were built in his name came under the authority of <a href="/wiki/Inchmahome" title="Inchmahome">Inchmahome</a> Priory. It is also said that Cadoc's monastery was "below Mount Bannauc" (generally taken to be the hill southwest of Stirling down which the <a href="/wiki/Bannockburn" title="Bannockburn">Bannockburn</a> flows). It has been suggested that the monastery was where the town of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ninian" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ninian">St Ninians</a> now stands, two kilometers south of Stirling. Scottish followers were known as "Gille Dog", the servants of Cadog, which appears as a surname, first as Dog, and later as Doig, Dock, and Doak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legends">Legends</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cadoc_and_Arthur">Cadoc and Arthur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cadoc and Arthur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG/250px-Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG/330px-Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG/500px-Caerleon-St_Cadocs_Church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Cadoc%27s_Church,_Caerleon" title="St Cadoc's Church, Caerleon">St Cadoc's Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cadoc came into conflict with <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthur</a>: the <i>Vita</i> depicts Arthur as great and bold, but willful. Lifris writes that Cadoc gave protection to a man who had killed three of Arthur's soldiers and Arthur was awarded a herd of cattle from Cadoc as compensation. Cadoc delivered them, but when Arthur took possession of them they were transformed into bundles of <a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">ferns</a>. Similar incidents are often described in mediaeval biographies such as those of <a href="/wiki/Carannog" class="mw-redirect" title="Carannog">Carannog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padern" title="Padern">Padern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goeznovius" title="Goeznovius">Goeznovius</a>: miracles in dealings with temporal authority bolster the case for church freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later Arthurian <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Triads" title="Welsh Triads">Welsh Triads</a> Cadoc, with <a href="/wiki/Illtud" title="Illtud">Illtud</a> and Peredur, is one of three knights said to have become keepers of the <a href="/wiki/Grail" class="mw-redirect" title="Grail">Holy Grail</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The kings <a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_of_Gwynedd" class="mw-redirect" title="Maelgwn of Gwynedd">Maelgwn of Gwynedd</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhain_Dremrudd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhain Dremrudd (page does not exist)">Rhain Dremrudd</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brycheiniog" title="Brycheiniog">Brycheiniog</a> also feature in the <i>Vita</i>. Though <a href="/wiki/St_Cadoc%27s_Church,_Caerleon" title="St Cadoc's Church, Caerleon">Saint Cadoc's Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a>, which, though of Norman origin and much rebuilt, stands on the foundations of the <a href="/wiki/Isca_Augusta" title="Isca Augusta">Roman legion headquarters</a>, may memorialize an early cell of Cadoc's. Caerleon was also associated with Arthur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_legends">Other legends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other legends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A certain miraculous spot associated with Cadoc had a reputed healing effect until the time of king Hiuguel (<i>Hywel vab weyn</i>, who died in his old age ca. 1041–44) when, due to a malevolent influence, the spot was lost.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This Cadoc, grandson of <a href="/wiki/Brychan" title="Brychan">Brychan Brycheiniog</a>, to whose offspring a large number of south-west British cult sites are dedicated, may be identical to or confused with Cadoc son of Brychan, for whom the churches at <a href="/wiki/Llanspyddid" title="Llanspyddid">Llanspyddid</a> near Brecon and at <a href="/wiki/Llangadog" title="Llangadog">Llangadog</a>, Carmarthenshire, are said to be named along with a former chapel in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Kidwelly" title="Kidwelly">Kidwelly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Serenus_de_Cressy" title="Serenus de Cressy">Serenus de Cressy</a> this Cadoc died AD 490, is buried in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and is commemorated in the Calendar on 24 January. </p><p>The epithet of Doeth (Welsh for <i>wise</i>) induced some writers to confound him with St. Sophias (Greek for wisdom), bishop of Beneventum in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence he is said sometimes to have died at <a href="/wiki/Bannaventa" title="Bannaventa">Bannaventa</a> (Weedon, five kilometres east of <a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an episode towards the end of his <i>vita</i> Cadoc is carried off in a cloud from Britannia (<i>de terra Britannie</i>) to <a href="/wiki/Benevento" title="Benevento">Beneventum</a>, where a certain prior is warned of the coming of a "western Briton" who is to be renamed Sophias; as <i>Sophias</i> Cadoc becomes abbot, bishop and martyr. A <i><a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">magna basilica</a></i> was erected over his shrine, which visiting Britons were not allowed to enter. A fictitious "Pope Alexander" is made to figure in the narrative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legendary_genealogy">Legendary genealogy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legendary genealogy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Llancarfan,_St_Cadoc_(35873785235).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Llancarfan%2C_St_Cadoc_%2835873785235%29.jpg/250px-Llancarfan%2C_St_Cadoc_%2835873785235%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Llancarfan%2C_St_Cadoc_%2835873785235%29.jpg/330px-Llancarfan%2C_St_Cadoc_%2835873785235%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Llancarfan%2C_St_Cadoc_%2835873785235%29.jpg/500px-Llancarfan%2C_St_Cadoc_%2835873785235%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>The parish church of St Cadoc, Llancarfan</figcaption></figure> <p>In <i>Lives of the Cambro British saints</i> (1853), Rev <a href="/wiki/William_Jenkins_Rees" title="William Jenkins Rees">W. J Rees</a> wrote: </p> <blockquote><p> The genealogy of the blessed Cadoc arises from the most noble emperors of Rome, from the time of the incarnation of Jesus Christ, Augustus Cesar, in whose time Christ was born, begat Octavianus, Octavianus begat Tiberius, Tiberius begat Caius, Caius begat Claudius, Claudius begat Vespasian, Vespasian begat Titus, Titus begat Domitian, Domitian begat Nero, under whom the apostles Peter and Paul suffered, Nero begat Trajan, Trajan begat Adrian, Adrian begat Antonius, Antonius begat Commodus, Commodus begat Meobus, Meobus begat Severus, Severus begat Antonius, Antonius begat Aucanus, Aucanus begat Aurelian, Aurelian begat Alexander, Alexander begat Maximus, Maximus begat Gordian, Gordian begat Philip, Philip begat Decius, Decius begat Gallus, Callus begat Valerian, Valerian begat Cleopatra, Cleopatra begat Aurelian, Aurelian begat Titus, Titus begat Probus, Probus begat Carosius, Carosius begat Dioclesian, who persecuted the Christians throughout the whole world; for in his time the blessed martyrs Alban, that is Julian, Aaron, and many others suffered. Dioclesian begat Galerius, Galerius begat Constantine the Great the son of Helen, Constantine begat Constantius, Constantius begat Maximianus, with whom the British soldiers went from Britain, and he slew Gratian the Roman emperor, and held the government of all Europe; and he did not dismiss the soldiers, which he brought with him from Britain to return to their country on account of their bravery, but gave them many provinces and countries, that is from the pool which is on the top of the mountain of Jupiter to the city named Cantguic, and until the western mound that is Cruc Ochideint; and from those soldiers arose a nation which is called Lettau. Maximianus therefore begat Owain, Owain begat Nor, Nor begat Solor, Solor begat Glywys, Glywys begat Gwynlliw, Gwynlliw begat the most blessed Cadoc of whom we are speaking.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambro_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambro-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liturgical_celebration">Liturgical celebration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Liturgical celebration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2004 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a>, Cadoc is listed among saints thought to have died on 21 September, with the Latin name <i>Cadóci</i>. He is mentioned as follows: 'In the monastery at Llancarfan in South Wales, Saint Cadoc the Abbot, under whose name many monasteries in Cornwall and Brittany were established.'<sup id="cite_ref-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does not appear in the current <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> liturgical calendar of saints celebrated annually in Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>21 September is, however, the feast day of the Apostle <a href="/wiki/Saint_Matthew" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Matthew">Saint Matthew</a>, and in Cardiff, St Cadoc's Day has traditionally been kept on 25 September; on the French <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_de_Saint-Cado&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Île de Saint-Cado (page does not exist)">Île de Saint-Cado</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Saint-Cado" class="extiw" title="fr:Île de Saint-Cado">fr</a>]</span>, a major <a href="/wiki/Pardon_(ceremony)" title="Pardon (ceremony)">pardon</a> is traditionally celebrated on the third Sunday in September. Elsewhere his traditional feast day is 24 January.<sup id="cite_ref-west_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-west-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambuslang#Famous_residents_or_connections" title="Cambuslang">Cambuslang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llancarfan" title="Llancarfan">Llancarfan</a>, site of Cadoc's 6th century abbey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cadoc%27s_Hospital" title="St Cadoc's Hospital">St Cadoc's Hospital</a>, Caerleon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cadocs/Penygarn" title="St Cadocs/Penygarn">St Cadocs/Penygarn</a>, electoral ward that also has a Saint Cadoc's church</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadou" title="Cadou">St Cadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cadoc%27s_Church,_Glynneath" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Cadoc's Church, Glynneath">St. Cadoc's Church, Glynneath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Cadoc%27s_Church,_Llangattock_Lingoed" title="St Cadoc's Church, Llangattock Lingoed">St Cadoc's Church, Llangattock Lingoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Cadoc,_Raglan,_Monmouthshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Cadoc, Raglan, Monmouthshire">Church of St Cadoc, Raglan, Monmouthshire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutchinson-Hall, John. <i>Orthodox Saints of the British Isles. Vol I</i> (St. Eadfrith Press, 2013) p. 75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strayner, Joseph R., ed. <i>Dictionary of the Middle Ages</i> (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983) p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Martyrologium_Romanum_2004,_page_529_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Martyrologium Romanum</i>, 2004, Vatican Press (Typis Vaticanis), page 529.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tatlock-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tatlock_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tatlock_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tatlock, J. S. P. (1939) "The Dates of the Arthurian Saints' Legends", <i>Speculum</i> <b>14</b>.3 (July 1939:345–365) p. 345</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The text is <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: for confirmation of before ca 1086 as the most likely date for the text, see below.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The date was argued for by J. S. P. Tatlock, "Caradoc of Llancarfan," <i>Speculum</i> <b>13</b>, 144–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gray-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gray_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gray_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gray_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gray_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/madeleine-gray-lives-st-cadoc-1846984">"Madeleine Gray: The lives of St Cadoc and St Winifred"</a>. Wales Online. 21 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Madeleine+Gray%3A+The+lives+of+St+Cadoc+and+St+Winifred&rft.pub=Wales+Online&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwales-news%2Fmadeleine-gray-lives-st-cadoc-1846984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brookline-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brookline_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brookline_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brookline_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119093752/http://allsaintsbrookline.org/celtic_saints/cadoc.html">"Commemoration of St. Cadoc of Llancarvan"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allsaintsbrookline.org/celtic_saints/cadoc.html">the original</a> on 19 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-12-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemoration+of+St.+Cadoc+of+Llancarvan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallsaintsbrookline.org%2Fceltic_saints%2Fcadoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/77094.htm">"Dmitry Lapa. Venerable Cadoc, Abbot of Llancarfan in Wales. Commemorated: January 24/February 6 and September 25/October 8 / OrthoChristian.Com"</a>. <i>Pravoslavie.ru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pravoslavie.ru&rft.atitle=Dmitry+Lapa.+Venerable+Cadoc%2C+Abbot+of+Llancarfan+in+Wales.+Commemorated%3A+January+24%2FFebruary+6+and+September+25%2FOctober+8+%2F+OrthoChristian.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravoslavie.ru%2Fenglish%2F77094.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-west-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-west_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-west_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-west_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-west_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121007002918/http://www.westvalecatholics.co.uk/cadoc.html">"West Vale Catholics - the Life and History of St. Cadoc"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westvalecatholics.co.uk/cadoc.html">the original</a> on 7 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Vale+Catholics+-+the+Life+and+History+of+St.+Cadoc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.westvalecatholics.co.uk%2Fcadoc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111017072913/http://www.stathanvillage.co.uk/html/history.html">"History"</a>. 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Johns, Newport.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartrum, Peter C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.llgc.org.uk/fileadmin/fileadmin/docs_gwefan/casgliadau/Drych_Digidol/Deunydd_print/Welsh_Classical_Dictionary/02_A-B.pdf">"Bachan" in <i>A Welsh Classical Dictionary: People in History and Legend up to about A. D. 1000</i>, p. 38</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317060707/http://www.llgc.org.uk/fileadmin/fileadmin/docs_gwefan/casgliadau/Drych_Digidol/Deunydd_print/Welsh_Classical_Dictionary/02_A-B.pdf">Archived</a> 17 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. National Library of Wales, 1993. Emended 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09315b.htm">Huddleston, Gilbert. "Llancarvan." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304205227/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09315b.htm">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 7 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chandlery-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chandlery_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15585a.htm">Chandlery, Peter. "Welsh Monastic Foundations." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160417020230/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15585a.htm">Archived</a> 17 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 22 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rice-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRice_Rees1836" class="citation book cs1">Rice Rees (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H8IclDShLSYC"><i>An Essay on the Welsh Saints Or the Primitive Christians, Usually Considered ...</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Essay+on+the+Welsh+Saints+Or+the+Primitive+Christians%2C+Usually+Considered+...&rft.date=1836&rft.au=Rice+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH8IclDShLSYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Statistical Account of Scotland, Perth, Vol. X, 1845, p. 1224; Doune Historical Notes, Forth Naturalist and Historian, Moray S. Mackay, Stirling, 1984, p. 72; Kilmadock in Dunblane Diocese, Society of Friends of Dunblane Cathedral, Moray S. Mackay, Vol. XI. Part III, 1972, p. 83-85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themiddleages.net/people/king_arthur.html">"King Arthur"</a>. The Middle Ages. 7 July 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+Arthur&rft.pub=The+Middle+Ages&rft.date=2005-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themiddleages.net%2Fpeople%2Fking_arthur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alban Butler, <i>Butler's Lives of the Saints – Volume 11</i>, Page 44, Paul Burns, 1995 – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0860122603" title="Special:BookSources/0860122603">0860122603</a> quoting Bromwich</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>usque ad tempus Hiuguel regis, filii Ouguenii regis <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Morgannwg" title="Kingdom of Morgannwg">Morganensium</a></i> (quoted in Tatlock 1939:346.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Certain innocent moderns, anxious to extract the uttermost farthing of historical truth from this yarn, have tried to identify 'Beneventana civitas' with some place in Britain," Tatlock observed and pointed out that the circular Lombard church in Beneventum was dedicated to Saint Sophias, "a scarce name among saints. The inference is obvious that some Welsh visitor to Benevento had found there some name or anecdote to excuse the attractive invention that Cadoc had been there and was Sofia." (Tatlock 1939:346).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambro-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cambro_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRev._William_Jenkins_Rees1853" class="citation book cs1">Rev. <a href="/wiki/William_Jenkins_Rees" title="William Jenkins Rees">William Jenkins Rees</a> (1853). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rmtlAAAAMAAJ&q=ceredig"><i>Lives of the Cambro British saints</i></a>. p. 378.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Cambro+British+saints&rft.pages=378&rft.date=1853&rft.au=Rev.+William+Jenkins+Rees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrmtlAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dceredig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liturgyoffice.org.uk/Calendar/National/Wales1.shtml">"Liturgical Calendar | National Calendar for Wales I"</a>. <i>Liturgyoffice.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liturgyoffice.org.uk&rft.atitle=Liturgical+Calendar+%26%23124%3B+National+Calendar+for+Wales+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liturgyoffice.org.uk%2FCalendar%2FNational%2FWales1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">24 Jan. – S. Cadoc (with S. Canog or Cynog at Padstow)--<i>Cornish Church Guide</i> (1925) Truro: Blackford; p. 10</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadoc&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://raglan-parishes.org.uk/parish-leadership/st-cadocs-raglan/">St Cadoc's Church, Raglan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stcadocs.org.uk">St Cadoc's Church, Llancarfan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.StCadoc.org">The Church of St. Cadoc, Newton Mearns, East Renfrewshire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210620044455/http://www.stcadoc.org/">Archived</a> 20 June 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKennerley1981" class="citation journal cs1">Kennerley, Eija (Spring 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.library.wales/view/1337678/1338124/4">"Saint Cadoc's Church, Caerleon"</a>. <i>Gwent Local History</i> (50): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gwent+Local+History&rft.atitle=Saint+Cadoc%27s+Church%2C+Caerleon&rft.ssn=spring&rft.issue=50&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E12&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Kennerley&rft.aufirst=Eija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.library.wales%2Fview%2F1337678%2F1338124%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACadoc" class="Z3988"></span>, from <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Journals" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Journals">Welsh Journals</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Wales" title="National Library of Wales">National Library of Wales</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Works_by_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Works by Geoffrey of Monmouth">Works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prophetiae_Merlini" title="Prophetiae Merlini">Prophetiae Merlini</a></i> (c. 1135)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i> (c. 1136)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vita_Merlini" title="Vita Merlini">Vita Merlini</a></i> (c. 1150)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations_of_Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" title="Category:Translations of Geoffrey of Monmouth">Translations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Roman_de_Brut" title="Roman de Brut">Roman de Brut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layamon%27s_Brut" title="Layamon's Brut">Layamon's <i>Brut</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Brenhinedd" title="Brut y Brenhinedd">Brut y Brenhinedd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Breta_s%C3%B6gur" title="Breta sögur">Breta sögur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merl%C3%ADn%C3%BAssp%C3%A1" title="Merlínússpá">Merlínússpá</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Alban" title="Saint Alban">Saint Alban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanactus" title="Albanactus">Albanactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhfrith_of_Deira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alhfrith of Deira">Alhfrith of Deira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allectus" title="Allectus">Allectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_Aurelianus" title="Ambrosius Aurelianus">Ambrosius Aurelianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibalus" title="Amphibalus">Amphibalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andragius" title="Andragius">Andragius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archgallo" title="Archgallo">Archgallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archmail" title="Archmail">Archmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvirargus" title="Arvirargus">Arvirargus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascanius" title="Ascanius">Ascanius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurelius_Conanus" title="Aurelius Conanus">Aurelius Conanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedivere" title="Bedivere">Bedivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beldgabred" title="Beldgabred">Beldgabred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beli_Mawr" title="Beli Mawr">Beli Mawr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinus" title="Belinus">Belinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bladud" title="Bladud">Bladud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledric_ap_Custennin" title="Bledric ap Custennin">Bledric ap Custennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bledudo" title="Bledudo">Bledudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennius" title="Brennius">Brennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_Greenshield" title="Brutus Greenshield">Brutus Greenshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brutus_of_Troy" title="Brutus of Troy">Brutus of Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budic_II_of_Brittany" title="Budic II of Brittany">Budic II of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadfan_ap_Iago" title="Cadfan ap Iago">Cadfan ap Iago</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cador" title="Cador">Cador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwaladr" title="Cadwaladr">Cadwaladr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallon_ap_Cadfan" title="Cadwallon ap Cadfan">Cadwallon ap Cadfan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camber_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Camber (legendary king)">Camber (legendary king)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_of_Britain" title="Cap of Britain">Cap of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capetus_Silvius" title="Capetus Silvius">Capetus Silvius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoir" title="Capoir">Capoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caradocus" title="Caradocus">Caradocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carausius" title="Carausius">Carausius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassivellaunus" title="Cassivellaunus">Cassivellaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catellus" title="Catellus">Catellus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catigern" title="Catigern">Catigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherin" title="Cherin">Cherin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledaucus" title="Cledaucus">Cledaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotenus" title="Clotenus">Clotenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coel_Hen" title="Coel Hen">Coel Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coilus" title="Coilus">Coilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conan_Meriadoc" title="Conan Meriadoc">Conan Meriadoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constans_II_(son_of_Constantine_III)" title="Constans II (son of Constantine III)">Constans II (son of Constantine III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great" title="Constantine the Great">Constantine the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_Emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)">Constantine III (Western Roman Emperor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_(Briton)" title="Constantine (Briton)">Constantine (Briton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus" title="Constantius Chlorus">Constantius Chlorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_of_Britain" title="Cordelia of Britain">Cordelia of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corineus" title="Corineus">Corineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunedagius" title="Cunedagius">Cunedagius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunobeline" title="Cunobeline">Cunobeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danius" title="Danius">Danius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digueillus" title="Digueillus">Digueillus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionotus" title="Dionotus">Dionotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunvallo_Molmutius" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunvallo Molmutius">Dunvallo Molmutius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebraucus" title="Ebraucus">Ebraucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edadus" title="Edadus">Edadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edern_ap_Nudd" title="Edern ap Nudd">Edern ap Nudd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_of_Northumbria" title="Edwin of Northumbria">Edwin of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol" title="Eldol">Eldol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldol,_Consul_of_Gloucester" title="Eldol, Consul of Gloucester">Eldol, Consul of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elidurus" title="Elidurus">Elidurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliud" title="Eliud">Eliud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enniaunus" title="Enniaunus">Enniaunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrildis" title="Estrildis">Estrildis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudaf_Hen" title="Eudaf Hen">Eudaf Hen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrex" title="Ferrex">Ferrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgenius" title="Fulgenius">Fulgenius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawain" title="Gawain">Gawain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerennus" title="Gerennus">Gerennus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffar_the_Pict" title="Goffar the Pict">Goffar the Pict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogmagog_(folklore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gogmagog (folklore)">Gogmagog (folklore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goneril" title="Goneril">Goneril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorboduc" title="Gorboduc">Gorboduc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorbonianus" title="Gorbonianus">Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlois" title="Gorlois">Gorlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gracianus_Municeps" title="Gracianus Municeps">Gracianus Municeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiderius" title="Guiderius">Guiderius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guithelin" title="Guithelin">Guithelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgintius" title="Gurgintius">Gurgintius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurguit_Barbtruc" title="Gurguit Barbtruc">Gurguit Barbtruc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurgustius" title="Gurgustius">Gurgustius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddoleu_ap_Ceidio" title="Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio">Gwenddoleu ap Ceidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwenddydd" title="Gwenddydd">Gwenddydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Gwendolen" title="Queen Gwendolen">Queen Gwendolen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_(empress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena (empress)">Helena (empress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengist_and_Horsa" title="Hengist and Horsa">Hengist and Horsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoel">Hoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_the_Hun" title="Humber the Hun">Humber the Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iago_ap_Beli" title="Iago ap Beli">Iago ap Beli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idvallo" title="Idvallo">Idvallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igraine" title="Igraine">Igraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenius_of_Britain" title="Ingenius of Britain">Ingenius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innogen" title="Innogen">Innogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jago_of_Britain" title="Jago of Britain">Jago of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_and_Aaron" title="Julius and Aaron">Julius and Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Asclepiodotus" title="Julius Asclepiodotus">Julius Asclepiodotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Kay" title="Sir Kay">Sir Kay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keredic" title="Keredic">Keredic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimarcus" title="Kimarcus">Kimarcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinarius" title="Kinarius">Kinarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latinus" title="Latinus">Latinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavinia" title="Lavinia">Lavinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leil" title="Leil">Leil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leir_of_Britain" title="Leir of Britain">Leir of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locrinus" title="Locrinus">Locrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Lot" title="King Lot">King Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_of_Britain" title="Lucius of Britain">Lucius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Tiberius" title="Lucius Tiberius">Lucius Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" class="mw-redirect" title="Lud son of Heli">Lud son of Heli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maddan" title="Maddan">Maddan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maelgwn_Gwynedd" title="Maelgwn Gwynedd">Maelgwn Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubracius" title="Mandubracius">Mandubracius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Marcia" title="Queen Marcia">Queen Marcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus" title="Marganus">Marganus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marganus_II" title="Marganus II">Marganus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_of_Britain" title="Marius of Britain">Marius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mempricius" title="Mempricius">Mempricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merianus" title="Merianus">Merianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin" title="Merlin">Merlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millus" title="Millus">Millus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordred" title="Mordred">Mordred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgause" title="Morgause">Morgause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morvidus" title="Morvidus">Morvidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrddin_Wyllt" title="Myrddin Wyllt">Myrddin Wyllt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius_of_Britain" title="Nennius of Britain">Nennius of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octa_of_Kent" title="Octa of Kent">Octa of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenus" title="Oenus">Oenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_of_Northumbria" title="Oswald of Northumbria">Oswald of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswiu_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Oswiu of Northumbria">Oswiu of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owain_mab_Urien" title="Owain mab Urien">Owain mab Urien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandrasus" title="Pandrasus">Pandrasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penda_of_Mercia" title="Penda of Mercia">Penda of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredur" title="Peredur">Peredur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredurus" title="Peredurus">Peredurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_of_the_Britons" title="Pir of the Britons">Pir of the Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_I" title="Porrex I">Porrex I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porrex_II" title="Porrex II">Porrex II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publius_Septimius_Geta" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Septimius Geta">Publius Septimius Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Laberius_Durus" title="Quintus Laberius Durus">Quintus Laberius Durus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redechius" title="Redechius">Redechius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redon_of_Britain" title="Redon of Britain">Redon of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regan_(King_Lear)" title="Regan (King Lear)">Regan (King Lear)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhydderch_Hael" title="Rhydderch Hael">Rhydderch Hael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rience" class="mw-redirect" title="Rience">Rience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivallo" title="Rivallo">Rivallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rud_Hud_Hudibras" title="Rud Hud Hudibras">Rud Hud Hudibras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runo_(legendary_king)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runo (legendary king)">Runo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyl_Penuchel" title="Sawyl Penuchel">Sawyl Penuchel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvius_(mythology)" title="Silvius (mythology)">Silvius (mythology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_I" title="Sisillius I">Sisillius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_II" title="Sisillius II">Sisillius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisillius_III" title="Sisillius III">Sisillius III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Gorbonianus" title="Son of Gorbonianus">Son of Gorbonianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliesin" title="Taliesin">Taliesin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasciovanus" title="Tasciovanus">Tasciovanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trahern" title="Trahern">Trahern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnus" title="Turnus">Turnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urianus" title="Urianus">Urianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uther_Pendragon" title="Uther Pendragon">Uther Pendragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venissa" title="Venissa">Venissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortigern" title="Vortigern">Vortigern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortimer" title="Vortimer">Vortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vortiporius" title="Vortiporius">Vortiporius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhere_of_Mercia" title="Wulfhere of Mercia">Wulfhere of Mercia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ywain" title="Ywain">Ywain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelberht_of_Kent" title="Æthelberht of Kent">Æthelberht of Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelfrith_of_Northumbria" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelfrith of Northumbria">Æthelfrith of Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92thelwald_of_Deira" title="Œthelwald of Deira">Œthelwald of Deira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avalon" title="Avalon">Avalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arfderydd" title="Battle of Arfderydd">Battle of Arfderydd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badon" title="Battle of Badon">Battle of Badon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Camlann" title="Battle of Camlann">Battle of Camlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guoloph" title="Battle of Guoloph">Battle of Guoloph</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brut_y_Tywysogion" title="Brut y Tywysogion">Brut y Tywysogion</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur" title="Excalibur">Excalibur</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Britanniae" title="Gesta Regum Britanniae">Gesta Regum Britanniae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lailoken" title="Lailoken">Lailoken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Britain" title="List of legendary kings of Britain">List of legendary kings of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_rulers_of_Cornwall" title="List of legendary rulers of Cornwall">List of legendary rulers of Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logres" title="Logres">Logres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molmutine_Laws" title="Molmutine Laws">Molmutine Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nennius" title="Nennius">Nennius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pridwen" title="Pridwen">Pridwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riothamus" title="Riothamus">Riothamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Malvam" title="River Malvam">River Malvam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Exeter_(c._630)" title="Siege of Exeter (c. 630)">Siege of Exeter (c. 630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locations_associated_with_Arthurian_legend" class="mw-redirect" title="Locations associated with Arthurian legend">Locations associated with Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treason_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Treason of the Long Knives">Treason of the Long Knives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinovantum" title="Trinovantum">Trinovantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_genealogy_of_Nennius" title="Trojan genealogy of Nennius">Trojan genealogy of Nennius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vera_historia_de_morte_Arthuri" title="Vera historia de morte Arthuri">Vera historia de morte Arthuri</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_of_Oxford" title="Walter of Oxford">Walter of Oxford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata684" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889720#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata684" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889720#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/80147662839760550245">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1013937570">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2016126041">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.001355.v1">Ireland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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