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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pre-1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Yeşilçam_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Yeşilçam_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>The Yeşilçam era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Yeşilçam_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_of_Yeşilçam_and_the_post-Yeşilçam_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_of_Yeşilçam_and_the_post-Yeşilçam_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decline of Yeşilçam and the post-Yeşilçam era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_of_Yeşilçam_and_the_post-Yeşilçam_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaborations_of_Turkish_Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaborations_of_Turkish_Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Collaborations of Turkish Comedy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Collaborations_of_Turkish_Comedy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Collaborations of Turkish Comedy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Collaborations_of_Turkish_Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1960s_Turist_Ömer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_Turist_Ömer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>1960s Turist Ömer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_Turist_Ömer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_Arzu_Film_Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_Arzu_Film_Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>1970s Arzu Film Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_Arzu_Film_Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Olacak_O_Kadar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Olacak_O_Kadar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Olacak O Kadar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Olacak_O_Kadar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BKM_Film_Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BKM_Film_Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>BKM Film Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BKM_Film_Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_Films_of_Stand_up_comedian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s_Films_of_Stand_up_comedian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>2000s Films of Stand up comedian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_Films_of_Stand_up_comedian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Films_of_Women_Auteur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Films_of_Women_Auteur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Films of Women Auteur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Films_of_Women_Auteur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Screenwriter-Productor’s_Films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screenwriter-Productor’s_Films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Screenwriter-Productor’s Films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screenwriter-Productor’s_Films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s_Modern_Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s_Modern_Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>2010s Modern Comedy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s_Modern_Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rating_systems_and_censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rating_systems_and_censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rating systems and censorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rating_systems_and_censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Important_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Important figures</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Important_figures-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Important figures subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Important_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scriptwriters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scriptwriters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Scriptwriters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scriptwriters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable films</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_films-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable films subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Classics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Modern era films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cult_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cult_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cult films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cult_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_successes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_successes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Commercial successes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_successes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indie_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indie_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Indie films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indie_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Short films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Turkish_actors_and_actresses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Turkish_actors_and_actresses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Old Turkish actors and actresses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Old_Turkish_actors_and_actresses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Old Turkish actors and actresses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Old_Turkish_actors_and_actresses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_Turkish_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Turkish_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>List of Turkish films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Turkish_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Major events</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Major_events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Major events subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Major_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_international_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_international_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Major international awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_international_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema-related_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema-related_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cinema-related organizations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cinema-related_organizations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cinema-related organizations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cinema-related_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Film schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unions,_foundations,_professional_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unions,_foundations,_professional_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Unions, foundations, professional organisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unions,_foundations,_professional_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinema of Turkey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سينما تركية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سينما تركية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkiy%C9%99_kinosu" title="Türkiyə kinosu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Türkiyə kinosu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D3%99_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8B" title="Төркиә кинематографы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Төркиә кинематографы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_turc" title="Cinema turc – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cinema turc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCrkischer_Film" title="Türkischer Film – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Türkischer Film" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Τουρκικός κινηματογράφος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τουρκικός κινηματογράφος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_de_Turqu%C3%ADa" title="Cine de Turquía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cine de Turquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="سینمای ترکیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینمای ترکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_turc" title="Cinéma turc – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cinéma turc" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinema_Turki" title="Sinema Turki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sinema Turki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turcijas_kino" title="Turcijas kino – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Turcijas kino" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6r%C3%B6k_filmm%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Török filmművészet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Török filmművészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_da_Turquia" title="Cinema da Turquia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cinema da Turquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinematografia_turc%C4%83" title="Cinematografia turcă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cinematografia turcă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Кинематограф Турции – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кинематограф Турции" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Yeşilçam" redirects here. For the 2021 TV series, see <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am_(TV_series)" title="Yeşilçam (TV series)">Yeşilçam (TV series)</a>. For the villages, see <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am,_Bozdo%C4%9Fan" title="Yeşilçam, Bozdoğan">Yeşilçam, Bozdoğan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am,_D%C3%BCzce" title="Yeşilçam, Düzce">Yeşilçam, Düzce</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cinema of Turkey</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxim_Night_Club,_%C4%B0stanbul_(12966915284).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Maxim_Night_Club%2C_%C4%B0stanbul_%2812966915284%29.jpg/200px-Maxim_Night_Club%2C_%C4%B0stanbul_%2812966915284%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Maxim_Night_Club%2C_%C4%B0stanbul_%2812966915284%29.jpg/300px-Maxim_Night_Club%2C_%C4%B0stanbul_%2812966915284%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Maxim_Night_Club%2C_%C4%B0stanbul_%2812966915284%29.jpg/400px-Maxim_Night_Club%2C_%C4%B0stanbul_%2812966915284%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="673" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Maxim Night Club, previously Cinemajik Movie Theater in Taksim, Istanbul.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">screens</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,826 (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">3.32 per 100,000 (2019)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main distributors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mars_Entertainment_Group" title="Mars Entertainment Group">CGV Mars Distribution</a> 50.83%<br /><a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">UIP</a> 22.52%<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=TME_Films&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TME Films (page does not exist)">TME Films</a> 14.43%<sup id="cite_ref-distributors_uis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distributors_uis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=P-inema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P-inema (page does not exist)">P-inema</a> 5.37%</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Produced feature films (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-gdc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">61</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Number of admissions (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-gdc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">43,935,763</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">0.8 (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-unic_stats_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unic_stats-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">20,487,220 (47.0%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Gross box office (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-gf_mark_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gf_mark-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">$234 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">$109 million (46.6%)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Turkey" title="Category:Turkey">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Culture of Turkey</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Turkey.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/100px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/150px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/200px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey#History" title="Islam in Turkey">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Turkey">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Judaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey" title="Economic history of Turkey">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of the Republic of Turkey">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic history of Turkey">Diplomatic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">Constitutional history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Cultural history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic history of Turkey">Genetic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_history_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT history in Turkey">LGBT history</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Turkey">People</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Ethnic Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey" title="Minorities in Turkey">Minorities</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Turkey">folklore</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" 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var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Turkey" title="Theatre of Turkey">Theatre</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Turkey">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Turkey" title="Radio in Turkey">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">Television</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Turkey" title="Sport in Turkey">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Turkey" title="Football in Turkey">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_wrestling" title="Oil wrestling">Oil wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_at_the_Olympics" title="Turkey at the Olympics">Olympic appearances</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/24px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/32px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Turkey portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Turkey" title="Template:Culture of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Culture of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cinema of Turkey</b> or <b>Turkish cinema</b> (also formerly known as <i><b>Yeşilçam</b></i>, which literally means <i>Green Pine</i> in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>), (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Turkish pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="tr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">[ˈjeʃiltʃam]</a></span>) or <b>Türk</b> <b>sineması</b> refers to the Turkish <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film art and industry</a>. It is an important part of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish culture">Turkish culture</a>, and has flourished over the years, delivering entertainment to audiences in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, Turkish expatriates across <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a> & <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, also more recently prospering in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a> besides the <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egyptian cinema</a> and to a lesser extent, the rest of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the ancient Turks before Islam, Turkish <a href="/wiki/Storytelling" title="Storytelling">storytelling</a> developed from <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shaman</a> and humanistic ritual practiced. Shaman ritual had nature, spiritual elements with music, imitation. Female shamans are more powerful. Male shamans can wear women accessories. Storytelling accompanied by music had erudite advices, imitations, witty, rhymed verses, historically mindful, inventive and usually includes fantasy figures. <a href="/wiki/Bakshy" title="Bakshy">Bakshy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashik" title="Ashik">Ashik</a>, <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozan" class="extiw" title="tr:Ozan">Ozan</a> continue traditional storytelling in <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Turkic countries</a>. However <a href="/wiki/Aytysh" title="Aytysh">Aytysh</a> could improvised competitions in 1990s in media of Turkey. They have risk of getting lost in new generation.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first film exhibited in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumière Brothers">Lumière Brothers</a>' 1895 film, <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Arriv%C3%A9e_d%27un_train_en_gare_de_La_Ciotat" title="L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat">L'Arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat</a></i>, which was shown in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> (modern day <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>) in 1896. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers_(1905_film)" title="The Weavers (1905 film)">The Weavers</a></i> (1905), by the Manaki brothers, was the first film made in the Ottoman Empire. The earliest surviving film made in what is present-day Turkey was a documentary entitled <i><a href="/wiki/Ayastefanos%27taki_Rus_Abidesinin_Y%C4%B1k%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı">Ayastefanos'taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı</a></i> (<i>Demolition of the Russian Monument at <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y" title="Yeşilköy">San Stefano</a></i>), directed by <a href="/wiki/Fuat_Uzk%C4%B1nay" title="Fuat Uzkınay">Fuat Uzkınay</a> and completed in 1914. The first narrative film in Ottoman Empire isn't known for certain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turkey's first sound film <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Millet_Uyan%C4%B1yor_(film,_1932)" class="extiw" title="tr:Bir Millet Uyanıyor (film, 1932)">Bir Millet Uyanıyor</a> was shown in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional Turkish theater had improvisation storytellers like <a href="/wiki/Meddah" title="Meddah">Meddah</a>, <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_oyunu" class="extiw" title="tr:Orta oyunu">orta oyunu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karag%C3%B6z_and_Hacivat" title="Karagöz and Hacivat">Karagöz and Hacivat</a>. Western storytelling drama format evolved, After <a href="/wiki/Dar%C3%BClbedayi" title="Darülbedayi">Darülbedayi</a> (1914) in Ottoman Empire and <a href="/wiki/Hacettepe_University_Ankara_State_Conservatory" title="Hacettepe University Ankara State Conservatory">Ankara State Conservatory</a> (1936) in Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to their training format, Theater actors moved away from cinema or they only did dubbing in cinema. So, Turkish cinema started to evolve in 1960s. Yeşilçam era was the world's 4th biggest cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Weavers.ogv/100px--Weavers.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="100" height="75" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Weavers.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Weavers.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Weavers.ogv/Weavers.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Weavers.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Weavers.ogv/Weavers.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Weavers_(1905_film)" title="The Weavers (1905 film)">The Weavers (1905 film)</a>, by the Manaki brothers, was the first film made in the Ottoman Empire . 15-second clip showing the 114-year-old Despina Manaki <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a>.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demolition_of_San_Stefano_(Ayastenafos).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Demolition_of_San_Stefano_%28Ayastenafos%29.jpg/100px-Demolition_of_San_Stefano_%28Ayastenafos%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Demolition_of_San_Stefano_%28Ayastenafos%29.jpg/150px-Demolition_of_San_Stefano_%28Ayastenafos%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Demolition_of_San_Stefano_%28Ayastenafos%29.jpg/200px-Demolition_of_San_Stefano_%28Ayastenafos%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>Ayastefanos′taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı is a documentary filmed in 1914.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In terms of film production, Turkey shared the same fate with many of the national cinemas of the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">Film production</a> wasn't continuous until around the 1950s and the film market in general was run by a few major import companies that struggled for domination in the most population-dense and profitable cities such as Istanbul and <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>. Film theatres rarely ever screened any locally produced films and the majority of the programs consisted of films of the stronger western film industries, especially those of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. Attempts at film production came primarily from multinational studios, which could rely on their comprehensive distribution networks together with their own theatre chains, thus guaranteeing them a return on their investment. Between the years 1896–1945, the number of locally produced films did not even reach 50 films in total, equal to less than a single year's annual film production in the 1950s and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_before_1960" title="List of Turkish films before 1960">1960s</a>. Domestically produced films constituted only a small fraction of the total number of films screened in Turkey prior to the 1950s. </p><p>Film production in Turkey increased drastically after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. With a total of 49 films produced in 1952, this single year equaled a greater output produced in Turkey than all previous years combined. During the 1960s, Turkey became the fifth biggest film producer worldwide as annual film production reached the 300-film benchmark just at the beginning of the 1970s. Compared to other national cinemas, the achievements of the Turkish film industry after 1950 are still remarkable. </p><p>During the 1970s, the impact of TV and video as the new popular forms of media and political turmoil (often hand in hand with deep economic crises) caused a sharp drop in ticket sales, resulting in a steady decline starting around 1980 and continuing until the mid-1990s. The number of annual ticket sales decreased from a peak of 90 million tickets in 1966<sup id="cite_ref-Nijat_1966_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijat_1966-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 56 million tickets in 1984 and only 11 million in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, the number of film theatres declined from approximately 2,000 in 1966<sup id="cite_ref-Nijat_1966_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijat_1966-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 854 in 1984 and 290 in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1990s the average number of films produced per year remained between 10 and 15; usually half of them not even making it into the theatres. </p><p>Since 1995 the situation has improved. After the year 2000, annual ticket sales rose to 20 million and since 1995, the number of theatres has steadily increased to approximately 500 nationwide. Currently, Turkish films attract audiences of millions of viewers and routinely top the blockbuster lists, often surpassing foreign films at the box office. However, it is difficult to speak about the existence of an industry, since most films are rather individual projects of directors who otherwise earn their living in television, advertising or theatre. The distribution of these films are mainly handled by multinational corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_International_Pictures" title="United International Pictures">United International Pictures</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-1950s">Pre-1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feriha_Tevfik.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Feriha_Tevfik.gif/100px-Feriha_Tevfik.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Feriha_Tevfik.gif/150px-Feriha_Tevfik.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Feriha_Tevfik.gif/200px-Feriha_Tevfik.gif 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Feriha Tevfik is actress and first Miss Turkiye.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cahide_sonku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cahide_sonku.jpg/100px-Cahide_sonku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cahide_sonku.jpg/150px-Cahide_sonku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Cahide_sonku.jpg/200px-Cahide_sonku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="999" /></a><figcaption>Cahide Sonku is actress and first Turkish female film director.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg/100px-Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg/150px-Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg/200px-Afife-Jale-1jpg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Afife Jale is first Turkish theater actress.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg/100px-1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg/150px-1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg/200px-1950_07_19_Yeni_Istanbul_Bedia_Muvahhit_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Bedia Muvahhit is first Turkish movie actress.</figcaption></figure> <p>From 1923 to 1939, <a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Muhsin Ertuğrul">Muhsin Ertuğrul</a> was the only active film director in the country. He directed 29 films during this period, generally incorporating adaptions of plays, <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operettas</a>, fiction and foreign films. The influence of the theater dating back to Uzkınay, Simavi, <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Fehim" title="Ahmet Fehim">Ahmet Fehim</a> and Şadi Karagözoğlu is very strong in Ertuğrul's work. </p><p>Most of the Turkish films produced before 1950 were projects initiated by import companies owned by local families, most notably <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0pek_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İpek Film (page does not exist)">İpek Film</a>, a daughter company of the İpek Merchandise, an import company that was advertising in Ottoman literary journals such as <i><a href="/wiki/Servet-i_F%C3%BCnun" title="Servet-i Fünun">Servet-i Fünun</a></i> as early as the 19th century. Another important company in the early era of Turkish cinema was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Film (page does not exist)">Kemal Film</a>, a company whose continuous presence as a leading import company has been often overlooked for a few local films it produced during the 1920s. (The founders of Kemal Film bought their first film camera on loan from the Ipek Merchandise). Both companies were the strongest film distributors until the 1950s and the only companies that were financially sound enough to produce films themselves, with low risks for financial failure as they already were in possession of a distribution system and theatre chains that guaranteed a return on investment. </p><p>However, the notable developments of these companies must be seen as necessary adaptations to the technological progress of the western film industries whose films they were importing. One example here being the establishment of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marmara_Dubbing_Studio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marmara Dubbing Studio (page does not exist)">Marmara Dubbing Studio</a> in the early 1930s, when the silent era came to an end in the West and sound films became the standard, prompting the import-dependent companies to adjust themselves to the new technological requirements. </p><p>The big distributors in Istanbul, led by İpek Film and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemal_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemal Film (page does not exist)">Kemal Film</a>, gradually expanded their distribution system throughout the rest of the country during the 1930s, leading to the so-called "regional system" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6lge_%C4%B0%C5%9Fletmeleri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bölge İşletmeleri (page does not exist)">Bölge İşletmeleri</a>), which consisted of seven distribution areas headquartered in the most significant cities in those regions: Istanbul (Marmara Region), İzmir (Aegean Region), <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> (Middle Anatolian Region), <a href="/wiki/Samsun" title="Samsun">Samsun</a> (Black Sea Region), <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> (Mediterranean Region), <a href="/wiki/Erzurum" title="Erzurum">Erzurum</a> (East Anatolian Region) and <a href="/wiki/Diyarbak%C4%B1r" title="Diyarbakır">Diyarbakır</a> (South East Anatolian Region).<sup id="cite_ref-Abisel,_Nilgün_1987_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abisel,_Nilgün_1987-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Regional System became much more important after the 1950s, when local film production dramatically increased and local films surpassed imported films in both ticket sales and revenues. This system became the financial foundation of <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeşilçam">Yeşilçam</a> (often referred to as "Turkish Hollywood"), which was the heart of Turkish film production between the years 1955–1975. After 1965, a so-called "Combined System" (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kombine_Sistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kombine Sistem (page does not exist)">Kombine Sistem</a>) led by a trust of regional leaders is said to have taken control of almost everything regarding production.<sup id="cite_ref-Abisel,_Nilgün_1987_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abisel,_Nilgün_1987-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A leading figure of the trust was producer <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrker_%C4%B0nano%C4%9Flu" title="Türker İnanoğlu">Türker İnanoğlu</a>, who is still active in the media business today, running <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulusal_Film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulusal Film (page does not exist)">Ulusal Film</a>, which was Turkey's largest TV production company. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> showing in <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> was held in the <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Palace" title="Yıldız Palace">Yıldız Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in 1896. Public shows by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sigmund_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sigmund Weinberg (page does not exist)">Sigmund Weinberg</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eehzadeba%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Şehzadebaşı">Şehzadebaşı</a> districts followed in 1897. Weinberg was already a prominent figure at that time, especially known as a representative of foreign companies such as <a href="/wiki/Path%C3%A9" title="Pathé">Pathé</a>, for whom he sold <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">gramophones</a> before getting into the film business. Some sources suggest he was also a photographer, again as a result of being one of the representatives of foreign companies such as <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a>. </p><p>The first movie in Ottoman Empire, <i>Ayastefanos′taki Rus Abidesinin Yıkılışı</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary</a> produced by <a href="/wiki/Fuat_Uzk%C4%B1nay" title="Fuat Uzkınay">Fuat Uzkınay</a> in 1914,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depicted the destruction of a Russian monument erected at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%9378)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)">1877-1878 Russo-Ottoman War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y" title="Yeşilköy">Yeşilköy</a> (then known as "San Stefano") following Ottoman Empire's entry into <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. The first thematic films in Ottoman Empire were <i>The Marriage of Himmet Aga</i> (1916–1918), started by Weinberg and completed by Uzkinay, and <i>The Paw</i> (1917) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Spy_(1917_Ottoman_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Spy (1917 Ottoman film) (page does not exist)">The Spy</a></i> (1917), both by <a href="/wiki/Sedat_Simavi" title="Sedat Simavi">Sedat Simavi</a>. The army-affiliated Central Cinema Directorate, a semi-military national defense society, and the Disabled Veterans Society were the producing organizations of that period. </p><p>In 1922, a major documentary film, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Independence,_the_%C4%B0zmir_Victory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independence, the İzmir Victory (page does not exist)">Independence, the İzmir Victory</a></i>, was made about the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a>. That same year, the first private movie studio, Kemal Film, commenced operations. </p><p>The years between 1939 and 1950 were a period of transition for Turkish cinema, during which it was greatly influenced by theater as well as by World War II. While there were only two film companies in 1939, the number increased to four between 1946 and 1950. After 1949, Turkish cinema was able to develop as a separate art form, with a more professional caliber of talents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Yeşilçam_era"><span id="The_Ye.C5.9Fil.C3.A7am_era"></span>The Yeşilçam era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Yeşilçam era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg/100px-Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg/150px-Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg/200px-Istiklal_Avenue_in_Istanbul_-_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2976" data-file-height="3259" /></a><figcaption>İstiklal Avenue in the <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> where many actors, directors, crew members and studios were based.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Yeşilçam</b> ("Green Pine") is a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the Turkish film industry, similar to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> in the United States. Yeşilçam is named after Yeşilçam Street in the <a href="/wiki/Beyo%C4%9Flu" title="Beyoğlu">Beyoğlu</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> where many actors, directors, crew members and studios were based. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg/150px-Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg/225px-Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg/300px-Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Halit Akçatepe was child actor. His father is grandson of Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha and played in Atıf Kaptan's first Turkish sound film.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yeşilçam movies are known for iconic unforgotten songs. Soundtrack songs are still widely successful. It being called <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yeşilçam şarkıları</i> or <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yeşilçam müzikleri</i>. </p><p>Some famous partners of Yeşilçam are </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emel_Say%C4%B1n" title="Emel Sayın">Emel Sayın</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1k_Akan" title="Tarık Akan">Tarık Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Girik" title="Fatma Girik">Fatma Girik</a>-<a href="/wiki/C%C3%BCneyt_Ark%C4%B1n" title="Cüneyt Arkın">Cüneyt Arkın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray" title="Türkan Şoray">Türkan Şoray</a>-<a href="/wiki/Kadir_%C4%B0nan%C4%B1r" title="Kadir İnanır">Kadir İnanır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen_Bubiko%C4%9Flu" title="Gülşen Bubikoğlu">Gülşen Bubikoğlu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1k_Akan" title="Tarık Akan">Tarık Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a>-<a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a>-<a href="/wiki/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe" title="Halit Akçatepe">Halit Akçatepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adile_Na%C5%9Fit" title="Adile Naşit">Adile Naşit</a>-<a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnir_%C3%96zkul" title="Münir Özkul">Münir Özkul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_Akp%C4%B1nar" title="Metin Akpınar">Metin Akpınar</a>-<a href="/wiki/Zeki_Alasya" title="Zeki Alasya">Zeki Alasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n" title="Filiz Akın">Filiz Akın</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ediz_Hun" title="Ediz Hun">Ediz Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayhan_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Ayhan Işık">Ayhan Işık</a>-<a href="/wiki/Belgin_Doruk" title="Belgin Doruk">Belgin Doruk</a>.</li></ul> </div> <p>Yeşilçam experienced its heyday from the 1950s to the 1970s, when it produced 250 to 350 films annually. Between 1950 and 1966 more than fifty movie directors practiced film arts in Turkey. <a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_L%C3%BCtfi_Akad" class="mw-redirect" title="Ömer Lütfi Akad">Ömer Lütfi Akad</a> strongly influenced the period, but <a href="/wiki/Ertem_E%C4%9Filmez" title="Ertem Eğilmez">Ertem Eğilmez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osman_Fahir_Seden" class="mw-redirect" title="Osman Fahir Seden">Osman Fahir Seden</a>, <a href="/wiki/At%C4%B1f_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Atıf Yılmaz">Atıf Yılmaz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Memduh_%C3%9Cn" title="Memduh Ün">Memduh Ün</a> made the most films. </p><p>The film <i><a href="/wiki/Susuz_Yaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Susuz Yaz">Susuz Yaz</a></i>, made by <a href="/wiki/Metin_Erksan" title="Metin Erksan">Metin Erksan</a>, alongside <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit" title="Hülya Koçyiğit">Hülya Koçyiğit</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear Award</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Film Festival">Berlin Film Festival</a> in 1964. This honor was the first of its kind ever bestowed upon a Turkish movie. <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCneyt_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7er" class="extiw" title="tr:Cüneyt Gökçer">Cüneyt Gökçer</a>'s students <a href="/wiki/Kartal_Tibet" title="Kartal Tibet">Kartal Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit" title="Hülya Koçyiğit">Hülya Koçyiğit</a> who started in theatre as child actors are one of first cinema stars who graduated from theatre department of State Conservatory. Also Kartal Tibet was professional basketball player and Hülya Koçyiğit was ballet dancer. After they played together in many films. Kartal Tibet as director, screenwriter and Hülya Koçyiğit as productor worked together in classic films. Also, Kartal Tibet worked as director in TV industry. He helped to launch for acting style in beginning of career of new TV stars who Turkish TV series increased international popularity and won awards like International Emmy Award.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG/150px-Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG/225px-Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG/300px-Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="2131" /></a><figcaption>Filiz Akın is actress and official ambassador, due to her husband is Turkey's Ambassador to France</figcaption></figure> <p>The number of cinemagoers and the number of films made constantly increased, especially after 1958. In the 1960s the programs of the theater departments in the Language, History and Geography faculties of <a href="/wiki/Ankara_University" title="Ankara University">Ankara University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul University</a> included cinema courses, as did the Press and Publications High School of Ankara University. A cinema branch was also established in the Art History Department of the <a href="/wiki/State_Fine_Arts_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="State Fine Arts Academy">State Fine Arts Academy</a>. </p><p>The Union of Turkish Film Producers and the State Film Archives both date from the 1960s. The State Film Archives became the Turkish Film Archives in 1969. During the same period, the Cinema-TV Institute was founded and annexed to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=State_Academy_of_Fine_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="State Academy of Fine Arts (page does not exist)">State Academy of Fine Arts</a>. The Turkish State Archives also became part of this organization. In 1962, the Cinema-TV Institute became a department of <a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimar Sinan University">Mimar Sinan University</a>. Well-known directors of the 1960–1970 period include Metin Erksan, Atıf Yılmaz, Memduh Ün, <a href="/wiki/Halit_Refi%C4%9F" title="Halit Refiğ">Halit Refiğ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duygu_Sa%C4%9F%C4%B1ro%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duygu Sağıroğlu (page does not exist)">Duygu Sağıroğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remzi_Ayd%C4%B1n_J%C3%B6nt%C3%BCrk" title="Remzi Aydın Jöntürk">Remzi Aydın Jöntürk</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nevzat_Pesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nevzat Pesen (page does not exist)">Nevzat Pesen</a>. In 1970, the numbers of cinemas and cinemagoers rose spectacularly. In the 2,424 cinemas around the country, films were viewed by a record number of 247 million viewers. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_(1919-2017)_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_(32757412877).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_%281919-2017%29_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_%2832757412877%29.jpg/200px-Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_%281919-2017%29_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_%2832757412877%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_%281919-2017%29_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_%2832757412877%29.jpg/300px-Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_%281919-2017%29_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_%2832757412877%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_%281919-2017%29_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_%2832757412877%29.jpg/400px-Photography_by_Victor_Albert_Grigas_%281919-2017%29_Ankara_Barikan_otel_3-70_March_1970_00350_%2832757412877%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6681" data-file-height="4481" /></a><figcaption>A Cinema in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> circa 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1970, approximately 220 films were made and this figure reached 300 in 1972. Turkish cinema gave birth to its legendary stars during this period, notable examples being <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadir_%C4%B0nan%C4%B1r" title="Kadir İnanır">Kadir İnanır</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray" title="Türkan Şoray">Türkan Şoray</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a>. After this period, however, the cinema began to lose its audiences, due to nationwide TV broadcasts. After 1970, a new and younger generation of directors emerged, but they had to cope with an increased demand for video films after 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeşilçam">Yeşilçam</a>'s actresses featured included <a href="/wiki/Emel_Say%C4%B1n" title="Emel Sayın">Emel Sayın</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adile_Na%C5%9Fit" title="Adile Naşit">Adile Naşit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zerrin_Egeliler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zerrin Egeliler (page does not exist)">Zerrin Egeliler</a>, <a href="/wiki/It%C4%B1r_Esen" title="Itır Esen">Itır Esen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n" title="Filiz Akın">Filiz Akın</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatma_Girik" title="Fatma Girik">Fatma Girik</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit" title="Hülya Koçyiğit">Hülya Koçyiğit</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen_Bubiko%C4%9Flu" title="Gülşen Bubikoğlu">Gülşen Bubikoğlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray" title="Türkan Şoray">Türkan Şoray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgin_Doruk" title="Belgin Doruk">Belgin Doruk</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Av%C5%9Far" title="Hülya Avşar">Hülya Avşar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oya_Aydo%C4%9Fan" title="Oya Aydoğan">Oya Aydoğan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perihan_Sava%C5%9F" title="Perihan Savaş">Perihan Savaş</a>, <a href="/wiki/Necla_Naz%C4%B1r" title="Necla Nazır">Necla Nazır</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87olpan_%C4%B0lhan" title="Çolpan İlhan">Çolpan İlhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fen_Gruda" title="Ayşen Gruda">Ayşen Gruda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevra_Serezli" title="Nevra Serezli">Nevra Serezli</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCjde_Ar" title="Müjde Ar">Müjde Ar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perran_Kutman" title="Perran Kutman">Perran Kutman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeşilçam">Yeşilçam</a> actors are <a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1k_Akan" title="Tarık Akan">Tarık Akan</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%BCneyt_Ark%C4%B1n" title="Cüneyt Arkın">Cüneyt Arkın</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ksel_Arsoy" title="Göksel Arsoy">Göksel Arsoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadir_%C4%B0nan%C4%B1r" title="Kadir İnanır">Kadir İnanır</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BC%C5%9Ffik_Kenter" title="Müşfik Kenter">Müşfik Kenter</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnir_%C3%96zkul" title="Münir Özkul">Münir Özkul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe" title="Halit Akçatepe">Halit Akçatepe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Kentmen" title="Hulusi Kentmen">Hulusi Kentmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeki_Alasya" title="Zeki Alasya">Zeki Alasya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metin_Akp%C4%B1nar" title="Metin Akpınar">Metin Akpınar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ediz_Hun" title="Ediz Hun">Ediz Hun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kartal_Tibet" title="Kartal Tibet">Kartal Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ayhan_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Ayhan Işık">Ayhan Işık</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadri_Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Sadri Alışık">Sadri Alışık</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeki_M%C3%BCren" title="Zeki Müren">Zeki Müren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekrem_Bora" title="Ekrem Bora">Ekrem Bora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metin_Serezli" title="Metin Serezli">Metin Serezli</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Peyda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Peyda (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Peyda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Mekin" title="Ahmet Mekin">Ahmet Mekin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamer_Yi%C4%9Fit" title="Tamer Yiğit">Tamer Yiğit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenan_Pars" title="Kenan Pars">Kenan Pars</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Asyal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rüştü Asyalı (page does not exist)">Rüştü Asyalı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamran_Usluer" title="Kamran Usluer">Kamran Usluer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erol_Ta%C5%9F" title="Erol Taş">Erol Taş</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96nder_Somer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Önder Somer (page does not exist)">Önder Somer</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCjdat_Gezen" title="Müjdat Gezen">Müjdat Gezen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salih_G%C3%BCney" title="Salih Güney">Salih Güney</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertan_Acar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sertan Acar (page does not exist)">Sertan Acar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_G%C3%BCney" title="Yılmaz Güney">Yılmaz Güney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orhan_Gencebay" title="Orhan Gencebay">Orhan Gencebay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1970s and 1980s also brought the genre of <a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a> - <a href="/wiki/Low-budget_film" title="Low-budget film">low-budget</a> <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_film" title="Exploitation film">exploitation films</a> that were either <a href="/wiki/Remakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Remakes">remakes</a> of, or used unauthorized footage from popular foreign films (particularly <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood movies">Hollywood movies</a>) and television series.<sup id="cite_ref-Der_Spiegel_27_April_2012_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Der_Spiegel_27_April_2012-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yeşilçam suffered due to the spread of <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%9380)" class="mw-redirect" title="Political violence in Turkey (1976–80)">widespread political violence</a> at the end of the 1970s. Yeşilçam totally ended after the <a href="/wiki/1980_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Turkish coup d'état">1980 Turkish coup d'état</a>. However, Yeşilçam has seen a revival since 2002, having produced critically acclaimed movies such as <i><a href="/wiki/Uzak" title="Uzak">Uzak</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)">Grand Prix</a> <a href="/wiki/2003_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2003 Cannes Film Festival">(Cannes Film Festival), 2003</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/My_Father_and_My_Son" title="My Father and My Son">Babam ve Oğlum</a></i> (<i>My Father and My Son</i>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_(1999_film)" title="Propaganda (1999 film)">Propaganda</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_of_Yeşilçam_and_the_post-Yeşilçam_era"><span id="Decline_of_Ye.C5.9Fil.C3.A7am_and_the_post-Ye.C5.9Fil.C3.A7am_era"></span>Decline of Yeşilçam and the post-Yeşilçam era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline of Yeşilçam and the post-Yeşilçam era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2016</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg/100px-T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg/150px-T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg/200px-T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray_Artists%27_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray" title="Türkan Şoray">Türkan Şoray</a>. With 222 films, She has starred in the most feature films for actress worldwide to her name in the Guinness Book of Records.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg/100px-%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg/150px-%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg/200px-%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Şener Şen received the distinction of "Turkish state artist".</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg/100px-Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg/150px-Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg/200px-Jury_Cannes_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nuri_Bilge_Ceylan" title="Nuri Bilge Ceylan">Nuri Bilge Ceylan</a> among the jury of the feature films selection at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival</figcaption></figure> <p>Increased production costs and difficulties in the import of raw materials brought about a decrease in the number of films made in the 1970s, but the quality of films improved.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the early nineties, there were barely two or three movies released per year. During this period, most of the seventies' stars had either moved to TV, or were trying to rebuild the <i><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeşilçam">Yeşilçam</a>'s</i> former glory. Some of the notable examples of this era are <i><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fk%C4%B1ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eşkıya">Eşkıya</a></i> (<i>The Bandit</i>) and <i>Züğürt Ağa</i> (<i>The Agha</i>), both starring <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a>. Both movies were critically and commercially acclaimed. </p><p>However, the resurgence of Yesilçam didn't truly take place until the release of <i><a href="/wiki/Vizontele" title="Vizontele">Vizontele</a></i> in 2001. The film was directed, written, and starred by <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Yılmaz Erdoğan">Yılmaz Erdoğan</a>, who was already well known from his long-running sitcom <i>Bir Demet Tiyatro</i>, and his dedication to theatre. The movie starred the cast of his usual plays, most notably <a href="/wiki/Demet_Akba%C4%9F" title="Demet Akbağ">Demet Akbağ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Altan_Erkekli" title="Altan Erkekli">Altan Erkekli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cem_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cem Yılmaz">Cem Yılmaz</a>. This movie's huge commercial success (watched by 2.5 million viewers, which earned the movie the most viewed film for its day) brought attention to the industry. A few years later, Cem Yılmaz released his own film, <i><a href="/wiki/G.O.R.A." title="G.O.R.A.">G.O.R.A.</a></i>, which he both wrote and starred in. This, and Vizontele's sequel <i><a href="/wiki/Vizontele_Tuuba" title="Vizontele Tuuba">Vizontele Tuuba</a></i>, broke <i>Vizontele'</i>s records by achieving 3.5 million and 3 million viewers, respectively. </p><p>Since then, larger-budgeted films have been produced, including notable examples such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kurtlar_Vadisi:_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurtlar Vadisi: Irak">Kurtlar Vadisi: Irak</a></i> (<i>Valley of the Wolves: Iraq</i>), which was viewed by a record 4 million people, <i><a href="/wiki/My_Father_and_My_Son" title="My Father and My Son">Babam ve Oğlum</a></i> (<i>My Father and My Son</i>), and Cem Yılmaz's second movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magician_(2006_film)" title="The Magician (2006 film)">Hokkabaz</a></i> (<i>The Magician</i>) . </p><p>There has been a rise in experimental films in the 2000s. These include the 2005 feature <i>Türev</i>, which was filmed without a prewritten script and even featured candid shots of the actors, and <i><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Tales" title="Istanbul Tales">Anlat Istanbul</a></i> (<i>Istanbul Tales</i>), an ensemble piece divided into five "mini films" that received a strong reception. </p><p><i>"Körler / Jaluziler İçin</i>" is the first internationally awarded Turkish science fiction feature film which is not a comedy, a cult film, a remake or an animation which marks its unique place as a milestone in the history of Turkish cinema. It was written, directed, produced and edited by Ozan Duru Adam. The film invents an innovative, unconventional visual language. </p><p>Production numbers also soared in the second half of the 2000s, reaching 40 films in 2007, with the top four box office hits that year claimed by Turkish films, as the film industry became profitable again with improving technical quality corresponding with commercial films' production costs increasing.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, number of admission per capita was 0.8. Also <a href="/wiki/Sinemia" title="Sinemia">Sinemia</a> has published a research that Konya has become the city with the most frequent cinema goers.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collaborations_of_Turkish_Comedy">Collaborations of Turkish Comedy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collaborations of Turkish Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to, Turkish TV series are too long for comedy. Comedy is more popular in cinema and theater. Storytellers <a href="/wiki/Meddah" title="Meddah">Meddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aytysh" title="Aytysh">Aytysh</a>, <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozan" class="extiw" title="tr:Ozan">Ozan</a> have risk of getting lost in new generation.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditional Turkish theater from Ottoman Empire has <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_oyunu" class="extiw" title="tr:Orta oyunu">orta oyunu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karag%C3%B6z_and_Hacivat" title="Karagöz and Hacivat">Karagöz and Hacivat</a> for comedy. Turkish folklore comedy figures have <a href="/wiki/Kaloghlan" title="Kaloghlan">Keloğlan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasreddin" title="Nasreddin">Nasreddin</a>. Accent comedy and quick answer are common in daily life. <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea Region">Black Sea Region</a> humour is the most popular.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporting role in drama film has comedy in daily life. Despite this, Turkish comedy movies have novelty. It hasn't humour style in daily life.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_Turist_Ömer"><span id="1960s_Turist_.C3.96mer"></span>1960s Turist Ömer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1960s Turist Ömer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sadri_Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Sadri Alışık">Sadri Alışık</a> played iconic character <a href="/wiki/Turist_%C3%96mer" title="Turist Ömer">Turist Ömer</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ayhan_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Ayhan Işık">Ayhan Işık</a>’s drama film, Sadri Alışık is partner for comedy. The franchise films “Turist Ömer” has parody of <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awaara" title="Awaara">Awaara</a>. Sadri Alışık is musical stand-up comedian. Ayhan Işık and Sadri Alışık graduated from picture department of <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_Devlet_G%C3%BCzel_Sanatlar_Akademisi" class="extiw" title="tr:İstanbul Devlet Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi">Fine Art State Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_Arzu_Film_Production">1970s Arzu Film Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1970s Arzu Film Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe" title="Halit Akçatepe">Halit Akçatepe</a> are partners in many films.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Kemal Sunal comedy movies were directed by actor <a href="/wiki/Kartal_Tibet" title="Kartal Tibet">Kartal Tibet</a> and were produced by actress <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit" title="Hülya Koçyiğit">Hülya Koçyiğit</a>. Kartal Tibet and Hülya Koçyiğit studied at theater department of <a href="/wiki/Hacettepe_University_Ankara_State_Conservatory" title="Hacettepe University Ankara State Conservatory">Ankara State Conservatory</a> and played together in many drama films. Kartal Tibet was assistant director of <a href="/wiki/Ertem_E%C4%9Filmez" title="Ertem Eğilmez">Ertem Eğilmez</a> who founded production company Arzu Film.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Şener Şen is son of actor <a href="/wiki/Ali_%C5%9Een" title="Ali Şen">Ali Şen</a> and has iconic comedy and drama roles in his career.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Halit Akçatepe's parents are actor <a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1tk%C4%B1_Ak%C3%A7atepe" title="Sıtkı Akçatepe">Sıtkı Akçatepe</a> and actress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leman_Ak%C3%A7atepe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leman Akçatepe (page does not exist)">Leman Akçatepe</a>. His last film is franchise films <a href="/wiki/Geni%C5%9F_Aile" title="Geniş Aile">Geniş Aile</a> (2009–2019).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adile_Na%C5%9Fit" title="Adile Naşit">Adile Naşit</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnir_%C3%96zkul" title="Münir Özkul">Münir Özkul</a> are old couple in many films. <ul><li>Adile Naşit's parents are comedian <a href="/wiki/Na%C5%9Fit_%C3%96zcan" title="Naşit Özcan">Naşit Özcan</a> and actress <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelya_Han%C4%B1m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelya Hanım (page does not exist)">Amelya Hanım</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Münir Özkul is also acting teacher. His student <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCjdat_Gezen" title="Müjdat Gezen">Müjdat Gezen</a> made own films and is acting teacher. Müjdat Gezen's students are <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0lker_Ayr%C4%B1k" title="İlker Ayrık">İlker Ayrık</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ezgi_Mola" title="Ezgi Mola">Ezgi Mola</a> in franchise films.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Alasya" title="Zeki Alasya">Zeki Alasya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metin_Akp%C4%B1nar" title="Metin Akpınar">Metin Akpınar</a> are duo in cinema and theatre. They founded “Devekuşu Kabare Tiyatrosu”, the first cabaret theater of Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Olacak_O_Kadar">Olacak O Kadar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Olacak O Kadar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Levent_K%C4%B1rca" title="Levent Kırca">Levent Kırca</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Oya_Ba%C5%9Far" title="Oya Başar">Oya Başar</a> wrote, played, produced in long-running sketches, <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olacak_O_Kadar" class="extiw" title="tr:Olacak O Kadar">Olacak O Kadar</a> (1988–2010).<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BKM_Film_Production">BKM Film Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: BKM Film Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Yılmaz Erdoğan">Yılmaz Erdoğan</a> became chief screenwriter <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olacak_O_Kadar" class="extiw" title="tr:Olacak O Kadar">Olacak O Kadar</a>. </p> <ul><li>Yılmaz Erdoğan founded BKM Production.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>He wrote, played and produced in the play with audience <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bir_Demet_Tiyatro" class="extiw" title="tr:Bir Demet Tiyatro">Bir Demet Tiyatro</a> (1995–2007). Also, He founded professial sketch crews in Bkm.</li> <li>Yılmaz Erdoğan directed sketches <a href="/wiki/%C3%87ok_G%C3%BCzel_Hareketler_Bunlar" title="Çok Güzel Hareketler Bunlar">Çok Güzel Hareketler Bunlar</a> for all crew that both screenwriter and actor. <ul><li>The sketches "<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCld%C3%BCr_G%C3%BCld%C3%BCr" class="extiw" title="tr:Güldür Güldür">Güldür Güldür</a>" who different styles directed by <a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a>'s son <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sunal" title="Ali Sunal">Ali Sunal</a>.</li> <li>The child sketches "Güldüy Güldüy" directed by Kemal Sunal's daughter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezo_Sunal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezo Sunal (page does not exist)">Ezo Sunal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Yılmaz Erdoğan wrote, directed and worked as actor in franchise films <a href="/wiki/Vizontele" title="Vizontele">Vizontele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_carpet" title="Magic carpet">Organize İşler</a>, with comedians <a href="/wiki/Cem_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cem Yılmaz">Cem Yılmaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolga_%C3%87evik" title="Tolga Çevik">Tolga Çevik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ata_Demirer" title="Ata Demirer">Ata Demirer</a> who wrote own films.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_Films_of_Stand_up_comedian">2000s Films of Stand up comedian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2000s Films of Stand up comedian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comedians <a href="/wiki/Cem_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cem Yılmaz">Cem Yılmaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolga_%C3%87evik" title="Tolga Çevik">Tolga Çevik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ata_Demirer" title="Ata Demirer">Ata Demirer</a> played as actor in <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Yılmaz Erdoğan">Yılmaz Erdoğan</a>’s franchise films <a href="/wiki/Vizontele" title="Vizontele">Vizontele</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magic_carpet" title="Magic carpet">Organize İşler</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClse_Birsel" title="Gülse Birsel">Gülse Birsel</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Avrupa_Yakas%C4%B1" title="Avrupa Yakası">Avrupa Yakası</a>. Tolga Çevik married to Cem Yılmaz's sister.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolga_%C3%87evik" title="Tolga Çevik">Tolga Çevik</a> was a student of <a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams" title="Robin Williams">Robin Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lee_Jones" title="Tommy Lee Jones">Tommy Lee Jones</a>. He is improvisation actor. He works with his cousin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarp_Bozkurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarp Bozkurt (page does not exist)">Sarp Bozkurt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezgi_Mola" title="Ezgi Mola">Ezgi Mola</a>.</li> <li>Comedian and cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Cem_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cem Yılmaz">Cem Yılmaz</a> wrote with his brother <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_Y%C4%B1lmaz" class="extiw" title="tr:Can Yılmaz">Can Yılmaz</a> in own films. <ul><li>The fictional character <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" class="extiw" title="tr:Arif Işık">Arif Işık</a> in franchise film <a href="/wiki/G.O.R.A.:_A_Space_Movie" class="mw-redirect" title="G.O.R.A.: A Space Movie">G.O.R.A</a> is a derivative of <a href="/wiki/Turist_%C3%96mer" title="Turist Ömer">Turist Ömer</a>. As cameo, <a href="/wiki/Sadri_Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Sadri Alışık">Sadri Alışık</a>’s son <a href="/wiki/Kerem_Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Kerem Alışık">Kerem Alışık</a> played Turist Ömer. <a href="/wiki/Mert_F%C4%B1rat" title="Mert Fırat">Mert Fırat</a> portrayed Sadri Alışık.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata_Demirer" title="Ata Demirer">Ata Demirer</a> is also musician and best known for imitation, accent ability in own films.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Films_of_Women_Auteur">Films of Women Auteur</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Films of Women Auteur"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After female pioneer comedy actresses <a href="/wiki/Adile_Na%C5%9Fit" title="Adile Naşit">Adile Naşit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fen_Gruda" title="Ayşen Gruda">Ayşen Gruda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perran_Kutman" title="Perran Kutman">Perran Kutman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oya_Ba%C5%9Far" title="Oya Başar">Oya Başar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demet_Akba%C4%9F" title="Demet Akbağ">Demet Akbağ</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClse_Birsel" title="Gülse Birsel">Gülse Birsel</a> wrote and played in franchise films. She works as actor with comedians <a href="/wiki/Cem_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Cem Yılmaz">Cem Yılmaz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolga_%C3%87evik" title="Tolga Çevik">Tolga Çevik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ata_Demirer" title="Ata Demirer">Ata Demirer</a> who wrote own films. She worked with comedy actresses <a href="/wiki/Binnur_Kaya" title="Binnur Kaya">Binnur Kaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demet_Evgar" title="Demet Evgar">Demet Evgar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasibe_Eren" title="Hasibe Eren">Hasibe Eren</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0rem_Sak" title="İrem Sak">İrem Sak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nurg%C3%BCl_Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7ay" title="Nurgül Yeşilçay">Nurgül Yeşilçay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asl%C4%B1_%C4%B0nand%C4%B1k" title="Aslı İnandık">Aslı İnandık</a>, Yasemin Sakallıoğlu. <ul><li>After <a href="/wiki/Gonca_Vuslateri" title="Gonca Vuslateri">Gonca Vuslateri</a> worked as actress with Gülse Birsel. She wrote and played in own film.</li> <li>After <a href="/wiki/Gupse_%C3%96zay" title="Gupse Özay">Gupse Özay</a> worked as actress with Gülse Birsel. She wrote, played and directed in own films. Gupse Özay’s films is about women.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screenwriter-Productor’s_Films"><span id="Screenwriter-Productor.E2.80.99s_Films"></span>Screenwriter-Productor’s Films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Screenwriter-Productor’s Films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The cartoonist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gani_M%C3%BCjde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gani Müjde (page does not exist)">Gani Müjde</a> founded “Tükenmez Kalem Production”. He wrote historical comedy and surreal comedy.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birol_G%C3%BCven&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Birol Güven (page does not exist)">Birol Güven</a> founded “Mint Production”. He wrote family comedies. He worked comedian and director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamdi_Alkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamdi Alkan (page does not exist)">Hamdi Alkan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s_Modern_Comedy">2010s Modern Comedy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2010s Modern Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Auteurs <a href="/wiki/Burak_Aksak" title="Burak Aksak">Burak Aksak</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sel%C3%A7uk_Aydemir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Selçuk Aydemir (page does not exist)">Selçuk Aydemir</a> are cousins.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Selçuk Aydemir wrote and directed in own films. <ul><li>After <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emrah_Kaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emrah Kaman (page does not exist)">Emrah Kaman</a> works as screenwriter and actor with Selçuk Aydemir. Emrah Kaman and his brothers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murat_Kaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murat Kaman (page does not exist)">Murat Kaman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eray_Kaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eray Kaman (page does not exist)">Eray Kaman</a> wrote and played in own films.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burak_Sat%C4%B1bol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burak Satıbol (page does not exist)">Burak Satıbol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayhan_Ta%C5%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayhan Taş (page does not exist)">Ayhan Taş</a> from improvisation crew <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mah%C5%9Fer-i_C%C3%BCmb%C3%BC%C5%9F" class="extiw" title="tr:Mahşer-i Cümbüş">Mahşer-i Cümbüş</a> worked.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murat_Cemcir" title="Murat Cemcir">Murat Cemcir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Kural" title="Ahmet Kural">Ahmet Kural</a> are duo actors in franchise films. Murat Cemcir is producer.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Burak Aksak wrote, directed in surreal comedy films. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Onur_%C3%9Cnl%C3%BC" title="Onur Ünlü">Onur Ünlü</a> wrote, directed, played in surreal drama film. He worked as director in hit surreal comedy <a href="/wiki/Leyla_and_Mecnun" title="Leyla and Mecnun">Leyla ile Mecnun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Atay" title="Ali Atay">Ali Atay</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feyyaz_Yi%C4%9Fit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feyyaz Yiğit (page does not exist)">Feyyaz Yiğit</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aziz_Kedi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aziz Kedi (page does not exist)">Aziz Kedi</a> wrote, played, directed in own films.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeynep_%C3%87amc%C4%B1" title="Zeynep Çamcı">Zeynep Çamcı</a> wrote, played, directed in own film.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the need for a cinema law has been frequently debated throughout the history of the Turkish Republic, until 1986 no specific law or regulation had been developed. While films have generally been treated as goods subject to laws regarding taxation, content-wise they were controlled by commissions that have been often criticized for being mechanisms of censorship. </p><p>In the 1930s, some members of the parliament raised the issue of whether films would have a bad impact on children. This was a popular theme at that time, not just in Turkey, but also in the United States and elsewhere in the world. Later, in the 1960s, a debate around the so-called "Baykam Law" which was proposed by <a href="/wiki/Suphi_Baykam" title="Suphi Baykam">Suphi Baykam</a> became quite famous for the tension it created amongst the parliamentarians and the stakeholders in the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977 and 1978, further discussions for a cinema law have been held, but without any result. </p><p>Finally, in 1986, a cinema law, though highly criticised by members of the industry and the cinema intelligentsia of that time, was passed by the parliament and has since been the fundamental legislative document regarding cinema issues in Turkey. The new law aimed to ensure support for those working in cinema and music. A reorganization of the film industry began in 1987 to address problems and assure its development. The Ministry of Culture established the "Professional Union of Owners of Turkish Works of Cinema" the same year. </p><p>The "Copyrights and General Directorate of Cinema" was founded in 1989 as well as a "Support Fund for the Cinema and Musical Arts". This fund is used to provide financial support to the film sector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rating_systems_and_censorship">Rating systems and censorship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rating systems and censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most interesting studies on the issue of film censorship in Turkey is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alim_%C5%9Eerif_Onaran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alim Şerif Onaran (page does not exist)">Alim Şerif Onaran</a>'s <i>Sinematografik Hürriyet</i> (<i>Cinematic Freedom</i>), published in 1968 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but written in 1963 and being the first study in Turkey which received a PhD for a topic related to film. This study is still the most important -if not only- study on the film evaluation methods applied in Turkey before the 1950s. Onaran himself being active as a member of the Film Rating Commission in his younger years, was a true expert on the topic, and his research also includes examples of the late Ottoman Period. Ironically, Onaran became one of the most important intellectuals on film in Turkey, owing his wealth of knowledge on early world film history to the years he spent watching the films he was enrolled to evaluate as a committee member. </p><p>A very interesting example on the level of absurdity that censorship could reach is mentioned in Çetin Yetkin's book <i>Siyasal Iktidar Sanata Karşı</i> (<i>Political Regime vs Art</i>), published in 1970. It tells the story of a film which was classified as "inappropriate for export" because the Evaluation Committee decided that the film contains "communist propaganda". The film-owner, who applied to the committee for an export certificate, was surprised to see the decision because he mentioned on his application form that his intention was to sell a copy of the film to a distributor in the Soviet Union, the world's leading communist country at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Important_figures">Important figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Important figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Directors">Directors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/At%C4%B1f_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Atıf Yılmaz">Atıf Yılmaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fan_Irmak" title="Çağan Irmak">Çağan Irmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertem_E%C4%9Filmez" title="Ertem Eğilmez">Ertem Eğilmez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faruk_Aksoy" title="Faruk Aksoy">Faruk Aksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatih_Ak%C4%B1n" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatih Akın">Fatih Akın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferzan_%C3%96zpetek" title="Ferzan Özpetek">Ferzan Özpetek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halit_Refi%C4%9F" title="Halit Refiğ">Halit Refiğ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartal_Tibet" title="Kartal Tibet">Kartal Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutlu%C4%9F_Ataman" title="Kutluğ Ataman">Kutluğ Ataman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memduh_%C3%9Cn" title="Memduh Ün">Memduh Ün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_Erksan" title="Metin Erksan">Metin Erksan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nejat_Saydam" title="Nejat Saydam">Nejat Saydam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesli_%C3%87%C3%B6lge%C3%A7en" title="Nesli Çölgeçen">Nesli Çölgeçen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_Bilge_Ceylan" title="Nuri Bilge Ceylan">Nuri Bilge Ceylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osman_S%C4%B1nav" title="Osman Sınav">Osman Sınav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Kavur" title="Ömer Kavur">Ömer Kavur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reha_Erdem" title="Reha Erdem">Reha Erdem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remzi_Ayd%C4%B1n_J%C3%B6nt%C3%BCrk" title="Remzi Aydın Jöntürk">Remzi Aydın Jöntürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semih_Kaplano%C4%9Flu" title="Semih Kaplanoğlu">Semih Kaplanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinan_%C3%87etin" title="Sinan Çetin">Sinan Çetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eerif_G%C3%B6ren" title="Şerif Gören">Şerif Gören</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tun%C3%A7_Ba%C5%9Faran" title="Tunç Başaran">Tunç Başaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrker_%C4%B0nano%C4%9Flu" title="Türker İnanoğlu">Türker İnanoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_%C3%9Cnal" title="Ümit Ünal">Ümit Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavuz_%C3%96zkan_(director)" title="Yavuz Özkan (director)">Yavuz Özkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavuz_Turgul" title="Yavuz Turgul">Yavuz Turgul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fim_Ustao%C4%9Flu" title="Yeşim Ustaoğlu">Yeşim Ustaoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_G%C3%BCney" title="Yılmaz Güney">Yılmaz Güney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Demirkubuz" title="Zeki Demirkubuz">Zeki Demirkubuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_%C3%96kten" title="Zeki Ökten">Zeki Ökten</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scriptwriters">Scriptwriters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Scriptwriters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attil%C3%A2_%C4%B0lhan" title="Attilâ İlhan">Attilâ İlhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Oran" title="Bülent Oran">Bülent Oran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Tahir" title="Kemal Tahir">Kemal Tahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Kemal" title="Orhan Kemal">Orhan Kemal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cmit_%C3%9Cnal" title="Ümit Ünal">Ümit Ünal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavuz_Turgul" title="Yavuz Turgul">Yavuz Turgul</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_films">Notable films</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> <i>Cinema of</i><br /><big> Turkey </big></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg/80px-Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg/120px-Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg/160px-Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_(alphabetical)" title="List of Turkish films (alphabetical)">(A–Z) of Turkish films</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish films">List of Turkish films</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1910s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of the 1910s (page does not exist)">1910s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1914&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1914 (page does not exist)">1914</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1915&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1915 (page does not exist)">1915</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1916&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1916 (page does not exist)">1916</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1917&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1917 (page does not exist)">1917</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1918&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1918 (page does not exist)">1918</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1919&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1919 (page does not exist)">1919</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1920s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of the 1920s (page does not exist)">1920s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <s>1920</s> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1921&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1921 (page does not exist)">1921</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1922&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1922 (page does not exist)">1922</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1923&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1923 (page does not exist)">1923</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1924&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1924 (page does not exist)">1924</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1925&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1925 (page does not exist)">1925</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1926&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1926 (page does not exist)">1926</a> <s>1927</s> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1928&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1928 (page does not exist)">1928</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1929&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1929 (page does not exist)">1929</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1930s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish films of the 1930s">1930s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <s>1930</s> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1931&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1931 (page does not exist)">1931</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1932 (page does not exist)">1932</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1933&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1933 (page does not exist)">1933</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1934&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1934 (page does not exist)">1934</a><br /> <s>1935</s> <s>1936</s> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1937 (page does not exist)">1937</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1938&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1938 (page does not exist)">1938</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1939&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1939 (page does not exist)">1939</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1940s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish films of the 1940s">1940s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1940 (page does not exist)">1940</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1941 (page does not exist)">1941</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1942&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1942 (page does not exist)">1942</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1943&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1943 (page does not exist)">1943</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1944&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1944 (page does not exist)">1944</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1945&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1945 (page does not exist)">1945</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1946&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1946 (page does not exist)">1946</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1947&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1947 (page does not exist)">1947</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1948&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1948 (page does not exist)">1948</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1949&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1949 (page does not exist)">1949</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish films of the 1950s">1950s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1950&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1950 (page does not exist)">1950</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1951&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1951 (page does not exist)">1951</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1952&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1952 (page does not exist)">1952</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1953&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1953 (page does not exist)">1953</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1954&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1954 (page does not exist)">1954</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1955&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1955 (page does not exist)">1955</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1956&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1956 (page does not exist)">1956</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1957&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1957 (page does not exist)">1957</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1958&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1958 (page does not exist)">1958</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1959&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1959 (page does not exist)">1959</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1960s" title="List of Turkish films of the 1960s">1960s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1960&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1960 (page does not exist)">1960</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1961&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1961 (page does not exist)">1961</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1962 (page does not exist)">1962</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1963&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1963 (page does not exist)">1963</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1964 (page does not exist)">1964</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1965 (page does not exist)">1965</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1966&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1966 (page does not exist)">1966</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1967&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1967 (page does not exist)">1967</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1968&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1968 (page does not exist)">1968</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1969&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1969 (page does not exist)">1969</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1970s" title="List of Turkish films of the 1970s">1970s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1970" title="List of Turkish films of 1970">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1971" title="List of Turkish films of 1971">1971</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1972" title="List of Turkish films of 1972">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1973" title="List of Turkish films of 1973">1973</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1974" title="List of Turkish films of 1974">1974</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1975" title="List of Turkish films of 1975">1975</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1976" title="List of Turkish films of 1976">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1977" title="List of Turkish films of 1977">1977</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1978" title="List of Turkish films of 1978">1978</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_1979" title="List of Turkish films of 1979">1979</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1980s" title="List of Turkish films of the 1980s">1980s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1980&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1980 (page does not exist)">1980</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1981&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1981 (page does not exist)">1981</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1982&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1982 (page does not exist)">1982</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1983&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1983 (page does not exist)">1983</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1984&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1984 (page does not exist)">1984</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1985&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1985 (page does not exist)">1985</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1986&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1986 (page does not exist)">1986</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1987&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1987 (page does not exist)">1987</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1988&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1988 (page does not exist)">1988</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1989&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1989 (page does not exist)">1989</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_1990s" title="List of Turkish films of the 1990s">1990s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1990&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1990 (page does not exist)">1990</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1991&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1991 (page does not exist)">1991</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1992 (page does not exist)">1992</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1993&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1993 (page does not exist)">1993</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1994&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1994 (page does not exist)">1994</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1995&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1995 (page does not exist)">1995</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1996&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1996 (page does not exist)">1996</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1997&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1997 (page does not exist)">1997</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1998&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1998 (page does not exist)">1998</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_1999&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 1999 (page does not exist)">1999</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_2000s" title="List of Turkish films of the 2000s">2000s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2000 (page does not exist)">2000</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2001 (page does not exist)">2001</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2002 (page does not exist)">2002</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2003&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2003 (page does not exist)">2003</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2004&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2004 (page does not exist)">2004</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2005" title="List of Turkish films of 2005">2005</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2006 (page does not exist)">2006</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2007" title="List of Turkish films of 2007">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2008" title="List of Turkish films of 2008">2008</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2009" title="List of Turkish films of 2009">2009</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_2010s" title="List of Turkish films of the 2010s">2010s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2010" title="List of Turkish films of 2010">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2011" title="List of Turkish films of 2011">2011</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2012" title="List of Turkish films of 2012">2012</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2013" title="List of Turkish films of 2013">2013</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2014" title="List of Turkish films of 2014">2014</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2015" title="List of Turkish films of 2015">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2016" title="List of Turkish films of 2016">2016</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2017" title="List of Turkish films of 2017">2017</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2018" title="List of Turkish films of 2018">2018</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2019 (page does not exist)">2019</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_the_2020s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of the 2020s (page does not exist)">2020s</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2020&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2020 (page does not exist)">2020</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2021&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2021 (page does not exist)">2021</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Turkish_films_of_2022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Turkish films of 2022 (page does not exist)">2022</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2023" title="List of Turkish films of 2023">2023</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_of_2024" title="List of Turkish films of 2024">2024</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkish_film_list" title="Template:Turkish film list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkish_film_list" title="Template talk:Turkish film list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish_film_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkish film list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classics">Classics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Classics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aile_%C5%9Eerefi" class="extiw" title="tr:Aile Şerefi">Aile Şerefi</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C4%B1_Vasfiye" class="extiw" title="tr:Adı Vasfiye">Adı Vasfiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ah_Nerede" title="Ah Nerede">Ah Nerede</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ate%C5%9F_B%C3%B6ce%C4%9Fi_(film)" class="extiw" title="tr:Ateş Böceği (film)">Ateş Böceği</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atla_Gel_%C5%9Eaban" class="extiw" title="tr:Atla Gel Şaban">Atla Gel Şaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anayurt_Oteli" class="mw-redirect" title="Anayurt Oteli">Anayurt Oteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabesk_(film)" title="Arabesk (film)">Arabesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unforgettable_Director_of_Love_Movies" title="The Unforgettable Director of Love Movies">Aşk Filmlerinin Unutulmaz Yönetmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayna_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayna (film) (page does not exist)">Ayna</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fecik" class="extiw" title="tr:Ayşecik">Ayşecik</a> series</li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak_Ye%C5%9Fil_Ye%C5%9Fil" class="extiw" title="tr:Bak Yeşil Yeşil">Bak Yeşil Yeşil</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bek%C3%A7iler_Kral%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="tr:Bekçiler Kralı">Bekçiler Kralı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bir_Araya_Gelemeyiz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bir Araya Gelemeyiz (page does not exist)">Bir Araya Gelemeyiz</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizim_Aile_(film)" class="extiw" title="tr:Bizim Aile (film)">Bizim Aile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can%C4%B1m_Karde%C5%9Fim" class="mw-redirect" title="Canım Kardeşim">Canım Kardeşim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Citizen" title="The Naked Citizen">Çıplak Vatandaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_in_Flower" title="Abbas in Flower">Çiçek Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King_of_the_Street_Cleaners" title="The King of the Street Cleaners">Çöpçüler Kralı</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delisin" class="extiw" title="tr:Delisin">Delisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokuzuncu_Hariciye_Ko%C4%9Fu%C5%9Fu" title="Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu">Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolap_Beygiri" class="extiw" title="tr:Dolap Beygiri">Dolap Beygiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvar_(film)" title="Duvar (film)">Duvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bride_(1973_Turkish_film)" title="The Bride (1973 Turkish film)">Gelin</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClen_Adam" class="extiw" title="tr:Gülen Adam">Gülen Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClen_G%C3%B6zler" title="Gülen Gözler">Gülen Gözler</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%B1rg%C4%B1riye" class="extiw" title="tr:Gırgıriye">Gırgırıye</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hababam_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f%C4%B1" title="Hababam Sınıfı">Hababam Sınıfı</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayat_Sevince_G%C3%BCzel" class="extiw" title="tr:Hayat Sevince Güzel">Hayat Sevince Güzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japon_%C4%B0%C5%9Fi" title="Japon İşi">Japon İşi</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanl%C4%B1_Nig%C3%A2r_(film,_1981)" class="extiw" title="tr:Kanlı Nigâr (film, 1981)">Kanlı Nigar</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara_G%C3%B6zl%C3%BCm_(film,_1970)" class="extiw" title="tr:Kara Gözlüm (film, 1970)">Kara Gözlüm</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karao%C4%9Flan_(film,_1965)" class="extiw" title="tr:Karaoğlan (film, 1965)">Karaoğlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibar_Feyzo" title="Kibar Feyzo">Kibar Feyzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korkusuz_Korkak" title="Korkusuz Korkak">Korkusuz Korkak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maden_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maden (film)">Maden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malko%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Malkoçoğlu">Malkoçoğlu</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Bead" title="The Blue Bead">Mavi Boncuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Bey" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhsin Bey">Muhsin Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namuslu" title="Namuslu">Namuslu</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne_Olacak_%C5%9Eimdi" class="extiw" title="tr:Ne Olacak Şimdi">Ne Olacak Şimdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days_(1978_film)" title="Happy Days (1978 film)">Neşeli Günler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortadirek_%C5%9Eaban" title="Ortadirek Şaban">Ortadirek Şaban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piyano_Piyano_Bacaks%C4%B1z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piyano Piyano Bacaksız (page does not exist)">Piyano Piyano Bacaksız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postman_(1984_film)" title="Postman (1984 film)">Postacı</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salak_Milyoner" class="extiw" title="tr:Salak Milyoner">Salak Milyoner</a> series</li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat%C4%B1n_Al%C4%B1nan_Koca" class="extiw" title="tr:Satın Alınan Koca">Satın Alınan Koca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selams%C4%B1z_Bandosu" title="Selamsız Bandosu">Selamsız Bandosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selvi_Boylum,_Al_Yazmal%C4%B1m" class="mw-redirect" title="Selvi Boylum, Al Yazmalım">Selvi Boylum, Al Yazmalım</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevmek_Zaman%C4%B1" class="extiw" title="tr:Sevmek Zamanı">Sevmek Zamanı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosyete_%C5%9Eaban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosyete Şaban (page does not exist)">Sosyete Şaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuz_Yaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Susuz Yaz">Susuz Yaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCr%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Sürü">Sürü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCt_Karde%C5%9Fler" title="Süt Kardeşler">Süt Kardeşler</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eaban_O%C4%9Flu_%C5%9Eaban" class="extiw" title="tr:Şaban Oğlu Şaban">Şaban Oğlu Şaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eafak_Bek%C3%A7ileri" title="Şafak Bekçileri">Şafak Bekçileri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Ealvar_Davas%C4%B1" title="Şalvar Davası">Şalvar Davası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eekerpare_(film)" title="Şekerpare (film)">Şekerpare</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eendul_%C5%9Eaban" class="extiw" title="tr:Şendul Şaban">Şendul Şaban</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkan_(film)" class="extiw" title="tr:Tarkan (film)">Tarkan</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatl%C4%B1_Dillim" title="Tatlı Dillim">Tatlı Dillim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosun_Pa%C5%9Fa" title="Tosun Paşa">Tosun Paşa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turist_%C3%96mer" title="Turist Ömer">Turist Ömer</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%A7urtmay%C4%B1_Vurmas%C4%B1nlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Uçurtmayı Vurmasınlar">Uçurtmayı Vurmasınlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umut_(film)" title="Umut (film)">Umut</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7_Arkada%C5%9F_(film,_1971)" class="extiw" title="tr:Üç Arkadaş (film, 1971)">Üç Arkadaş</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesikal%C4%B1_Yarim" class="extiw" title="tr:Vesikalı Yarim">Vesikalı Yarim</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalanc%C4%B1_Yarim_(film)" class="extiw" title="tr:Yalancı Yarim (film)">Yalancı Yarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazg%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazgı">Yazgı</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yery%C3%BCz%C3%BCnde_Bir_Melek" class="extiw" title="tr:Yeryüzünde Bir Melek">Yeryüzünde Bir Melek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lanlar%C4%B1n_%C3%96c%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Yılanların Öcü">Yılanların Öcü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yol_(film)" title="Yol (film)">Yol</a></li> <li><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yumurcak_(film)" class="extiw" title="tr:Yumurcak (film)">Yumurcak</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCb%C3%BCk" title="Zübük">Zübük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BCrt_A%C4%9Fa" title="Züğürt Ağa">Züğürt Ağa</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era_films">Modern era films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Modern era films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahlat_A%C4%9Fac%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahlat Ağacı">Ahlat Ağacı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlat_%C4%B0stanbul" class="mw-redirect" title="Anlat İstanbul">Anlat İstanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9F_Vakit" class="mw-redirect" title="Beş Vakit">Beş Vakit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Zamanlar_Anadolu%27da" class="mw-redirect" title="Bir Zamanlar Anadolu'da">Bir Zamanlar Anadolu'da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornova_Bornova" title="Bornova Bornova">Bornova Bornova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fk%C4%B1ya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eşkıya">Eşkıya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl_Yaras%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Gönül Yarası">Gönül Yarası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ki_Gen%C3%A7_K%C4%B1z" title="İki Genç Kız">İki Genç Kız</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0klimler" class="mw-redirect" title="İklimler">İklimler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kader_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kader (film)">Kader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasaba_(1997_film)" title="Kasaba (1997 film)">Kasaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1%C5%9F_Uykusu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kış Uykusu">Kış Uykusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_Days" title="Burning Days">Kurak Günler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuru_Otlar_%C3%9Cst%C3%BCne" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Otlar Üstüne">Kuru Otlar Üstüne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masumiyet" title="Masumiyet">Masumiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May%C4%B1s_S%C4%B1k%C4%B1nt%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Mayıs Sıkıntısı">Mayıs Sıkıntısı</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mustafa_Hakk%C4%B1nda_Her_%C5%9Eey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mustafa Hakkında Her Şey (page does not exist)">Mustafa Hakkında Her Şey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_(2015_film)" title="Ivy (2015 film)">Sarmaşık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1f%C4%B1r_Dedi%C4%9Fimde" class="mw-redirect" title="Sıfır Dediğimde">Sıfır Dediğimde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrev" class="mw-redirect" title="Türev">Türev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzak" title="Uzak">Uzak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzak_%C4%B0htimal" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzak İhtimal">Uzak İhtimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particle_(film)" title="Particle (film)">Zerre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenne_Dancer" title="Zenne Dancer">Zenne Dancer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6rler_/_Jaluziler_%C4%B0%C3%A7in_-_For_The_Blinds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Körler / Jaluziler İçin - For The Blinds (page does not exist)">Körler / Jaluziler İçin - For The Blinds</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cult_films">Cult films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cult films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Can%C4%B1m_Karde%C5%9Fim" class="mw-redirect" title="Canım Kardeşim">Canım Kardeşim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hababam_S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f%C4%B1" title="Hababam Sınıfı">Hababam Sınıfı</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Dev_Adam" title="3 Dev Adam">3 Dev Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ay%C5%9Fecik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayşecik (page does not exist)">Ayşecik</a> series</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilink:_Strip_and_Kill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kilink: Strip and Kill (page does not exist)">Kilink: Soy ve Öldür</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malko%C3%A7o%C4%9Flu" class="mw-redirect" title="Malkoçoğlu">Malkoçoğlu</a> series</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuri_Al%C3%A7o&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuri Alço (page does not exist)">Nuri Alço</a> movies</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkan_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkan (film) (page does not exist)">Tarkan</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turist_%C3%96mer" title="Turist Ömer">Turist Ömer</a> series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1k%C4%B1lmayan_Adam" title="Yıkılmayan Adam">Yıkılmayan Adam</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commercial_successes">Commercial successes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Commercial successes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A.R.O.G" title="A.R.O.G">A.R.O.G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Father_and_My_Son" title="My Father and My Son">Babam ve Oğlum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyaz_Melek" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyaz Melek">Beyaz Melek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beynelmilel_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beynelmilel (film)">Beynelmilel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyza%27n%C4%B1n_Kad%C4%B1nlar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Beyza'nın Kadınları">Beyza'nın Kadınları</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Minarets_in_New_York" title="Five Minarets in New York">Five Minarets in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetih_1453" title="Fetih 1453">Fetih 1453</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.O.R.A." title="G.O.R.A.">G.O.R.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Magician_(2006_film)" title="The Magician (2006 film)">Hokkabaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Saw_the_Sun" title="I Saw the Sun">I Saw the Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recep_%C4%B0vedik" title="Recep İvedik">Recep İvedik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karpuz_Kabu%C4%9Fundan_Gemiler_Yapmak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karpuz Kabuğundan Gemiler Yapmak (page does not exist)">Karpuz Kabuğundan Gemiler Yapmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurtlar_Vadisi:_Irak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurtlar Vadisi: Irak">Kurtlar Vadisi: Irak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_in_Cell_No._7_(2019_Turkish_film)" title="Miracle in Cell No. 7 (2019 Turkish film)">Miracle in Cell No. 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustang_(film)" title="Mustang (film)">Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organize_%C4%B0%C5%9Fler" class="mw-redirect" title="Organize İşler">Organize İşler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%B1nav" class="mw-redirect" title="Sınav">Sınav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizontele" title="Vizontele">Vizontele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87akallarla_Dans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çakallarla Dans (page does not exist)">Çakallarla Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87akallarla_Dans_2:_Hastas%C4%B1y%C4%B1z_Dede&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çakallarla Dans 2: Hastasıyız Dede (page does not exist)">Çakallarla Dans 2: Hastasıyız Dede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaybedenler_Kul%C3%BCb%C3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaybedenler Kulübü">Kaybedenler Kulübü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BCn_Dernek" title="Düğün Dernek">Düğün Dernek</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indie_films">Indie films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Indie films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Time_to_Love_(1965_film)" title="Time to Love (1965 film)">Time to Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umut_(film)" title="Umut (film)">Umut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemide" class="mw-redirect" title="Gemide">Gemide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cogunluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Cogunluk">Cogunluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toll_Booth_(film)" title="Toll Booth (film)">Toll Booth (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zer_(film)" title="Zer (film)">Zer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivas" title="Sivas">Sivas</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_films">Short films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Short films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Last years's short films indicates the Turkish Cinema's future style and its new director generation. There are countless number of Turkish short films received awards both in national and international festivals. Here are some of it: -Kefaret (2016), directed by Ali Kışlar<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -Kronos (2019) <sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -Lütfi (2016), directed by Cahit Kaya Demir <sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -Balık (2019), directed by Ercan Bayraktar <sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -Mother Mariam (2020), directed by Mustafa Gürbüz <sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> -Story of a Job Interview (2017), directed by Alkım Özmen <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/kisafilmler/birisgorusmesihikayesi.html">http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/kisafilmler/birisgorusmesihikayesi.html</a> -Suclular / The Criminals (2020), directed by Serhat Karaaslan <sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Old_Turkish_actors_and_actresses">Old Turkish actors and actresses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Old Turkish actors and actresses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_%C5%9Een" title="Ali Şen">Ali Şen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adile_Na%C5%9Fit" title="Adile Naşit">Adile Naşit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmet_Mekin" title="Ahmet Mekin">Ahmet Mekin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajda_Pekkan" title="Ajda Pekkan">Ajda Pekkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliye_Rona" title="Aliye Rona">Aliye Rona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayhan_I%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Ayhan Işık">Ayhan Işık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_Algan" title="Ayla Algan">Ayla Algan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%C5%9Fen_Gruda" title="Ayşen Gruda">Ayşen Gruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayta%C3%A7_Arman" title="Aytaç Arman">Aytaç Arman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayten_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7er" title="Ayten Gökçer">Ayten Gökçer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedia_Muvahhit" title="Bedia Muvahhit">Bedia Muvahhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgin_Doruk" title="Belgin Doruk">Belgin Doruk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bur%C3%A7in_Oralo%C4%9Flu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burçin Oraloğlu (page does not exist)">Burçin Oraloğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ersoy" title="Bülent Ersoy">Bülent Ersoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cahide_Sonku" title="Cahide Sonku">Cahide Sonku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BCneyt_Ark%C4%B1n" title="Cüneyt Arkın">Cüneyt Arkın</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%BCneyt_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7er&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cüneyt Gökçer (page does not exist)">Cüneyt Gökçer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87olpan_%C4%B0lhan" title="Çolpan İlhan">Çolpan İlhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ediz_Hun" title="Ediz Hun">Ediz Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekrem_Bora" title="Ekrem Bora">Ekrem Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emel_Say%C4%B1n" title="Emel Sayın">Emel Sayın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C3%96zya%C4%9Fc%C4%B1lar" title="Erdal Özyağcılar">Erdal Özyağcılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erol_Evgin" title="Erol Evgin">Erol Evgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erol_G%C3%BCnayd%C4%B1n" title="Erol Günaydın">Erol Günaydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erol_Ta%C5%9F" title="Erol Taş">Erol Taş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C5%9Fref_Kol%C3%A7ak" title="Eşref Kolçak">Eşref Kolçak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Girik" title="Fatma Girik">Fatma Girik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdi_Tayfur" title="Ferdi Tayfur">Ferdi Tayfur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fikret_Hakan" title="Fikret Hakan">Fikret Hakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiz_Ak%C4%B1n" title="Filiz Akın">Filiz Akın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCsun_%C3%96nal" title="Füsun Önal">Füsun Önal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazanfer_%C3%96zcan" title="Gazanfer Özcan">Gazanfer Özcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ksel_Arsoy" title="Göksel Arsoy">Göksel Arsoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6n%C3%BCl_Yazar" title="Gönül Yazar">Gönül Yazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fen_Bubiko%C4%9Flu" title="Gülşen Bubikoğlu">Gülşen Bubikoğlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Soygazi" title="Hale Soygazi">Hale Soygazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halil_Erg%C3%BCn" title="Halil Ergün">Halil Ergün</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halit_Ak%C3%A7atepe" title="Halit Akçatepe">Halit Akçatepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulusi_Kentmen" title="Hulusi Kentmen">Hulusi Kentmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Av%C5%9Far" title="Hülya Avşar">Hülya Avşar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BClya_Ko%C3%A7yi%C4%9Fit" title="Hülya Koçyiğit">Hülya Koçyiğit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%BCseyin_Peyda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hüseyin Peyda (page does not exist)">Hüseyin Peyda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It%C4%B1r_Esen" title="Itır Esen">Itır Esen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Tatl%C4%B1ses" title="İbrahim Tatlıses">İbrahim Tatlıses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zzet_G%C3%BCnay" title="İzzet Günay">İzzet Günay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadir_%C4%B0nan%C4%B1r" title="Kadir İnanır">Kadir İnanır</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kadir_Savun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kadir Savun (page does not exist)">Kadir Savun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamran_Usluer" title="Kamran Usluer">Kamran Usluer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartal_Tibet" title="Kartal Tibet">Kartal Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemal_Sunal" title="Kemal Sunal">Kemal Sunal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenan_Kalav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenan Kalav (page does not exist)">Kenan Kalav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan_Pars" title="Kenan Pars">Kenan Pars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Y%C4%B1lmazer" title="Kerem Yılmazer">Kerem Yılmazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leman_%C3%87%C4%B1daml%C4%B1" title="Leman Çıdamlı">Leman Çıdamlı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Sayar" title="Leyla Sayar">Leyla Sayar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_Akp%C4%B1nar" title="Metin Akpınar">Metin Akpınar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metin_Serezli" title="Metin Serezli">Metin Serezli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhterem_Nur" title="Muhterem Nur">Muhterem Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhsin_Ertu%C4%9Frul" title="Muhsin Ertuğrul">Muhsin Ertuğrul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffer_Tema" title="Muzaffer Tema">Muzaffer Tema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCjdat_Gezen" title="Müjdat Gezen">Müjdat Gezen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCjde_Ar" title="Müjde Ar">Müjde Ar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnir_%C3%96zkul" title="Münir Özkul">Münir Özkul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCr%C3%BCvvet_Sim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mürüvvet Sim (page does not exist)">Mürüvvet Sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BC%C5%9Ffik_Kenter" title="Müşfik Kenter">Müşfik Kenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebahat_%C3%87ehre" title="Nebahat Çehre">Nebahat Çehre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necla_Naz%C4%B1r" title="Necla Nazır">Necla Nazır</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevra_Serezli" title="Nevra Serezli">Nevra Serezli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubar_Terziyan" title="Nubar Terziyan">Nubar Terziyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_S%C3%BCrer" title="Nur Sürer">Nur Sürer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuri_Sencer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuri Sencer (page does not exist)">Nuri Sencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Gencebay" title="Orhan Gencebay">Orhan Gencebay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oya_Aydo%C4%9Fan" title="Oya Aydoğan">Oya Aydoğan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96nder_Somer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Önder Somer (page does not exist)">Önder Somer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96zt%C3%BCrk_Serengil" title="Öztürk Serengil">Öztürk Serengil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perihan_Sava%C5%9F" title="Perihan Savaş">Perihan Savaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perran_Kutman" title="Perran Kutman">Perran Kutman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Asyal%C4%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rüştü Asyalı (page does not exist)">Rüştü Asyalı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadri_Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k" title="Sadri Alışık">Sadri Alışık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih_G%C3%BCney" title="Salih Güney">Salih Güney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selda_Alkor" title="Selda Alkor">Selda Alkor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sertan_Acar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sertan Acar (page does not exist)">Sertan Acar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eener_%C5%9Een" title="Şener Şen">Şener Şen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eevket_Altu%C4%9F" title="Şevket Altuğ">Şevket Altuğ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C4%B1k_Akan" title="Tarık Akan">Tarık Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamer_Yi%C4%9Fit" title="Tamer Yiğit">Tamer Yiğit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuncel_Kurtiz" title="Tuncel Kurtiz">Tuncel Kurtiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkan_%C5%9Eoray" title="Türkan Şoray">Türkan Şoray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z_Kenter" title="Yıldız Kenter">Yıldız Kenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_G%C3%BCney" title="Yılmaz Güney">Yılmaz Güney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_Alasya" title="Zeki Alasya">Zeki Alasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeki_M%C3%BCren" title="Zeki Müren">Zeki Müren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeynep_De%C4%9Firmencio%C4%9Flu" title="Zeynep Değirmencioğlu">Zeynep Değirmencioğlu</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_Turkish_films">List of Turkish films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: List of Turkish films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish films">List of Turkish films</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_events">Major events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Major events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg/220px-Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg/330px-Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg/440px-Aspendos_Amphitheatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>Closing ceremony of <a href="/wiki/International_Antalya_Golden_Orange_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival">International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival</a> is made in <a href="/wiki/Aspendos" title="Aspendos">Aspendos</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adana_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Adana Film Festival">Adana Film Festival</a> - Another important film festival held annually in the city of <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>. Its top award is the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_Boll&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden Boll (page does not exist)">Golden Boll</a> received in the past by such prominent figures as <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lmaz_G%C3%BCney" title="Yılmaz Güney">Yılmaz Güney</a>, who himself grew up in <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_Flying_Broom_Women%27s_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ankara Flying Broom Women's Film Festival">Ankara Flying Broom Women's Film Festival</a> - (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Uçan Süpürge</i>) (Flying Broom) is Turkey's only festival devoted to Feminism and Gender-Issues. The festival is held on an annual basis in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. The festival aims to support young women in making their debut-films and organizes workshops on scriptwriting and film-making.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Antalya_Golden_Orange_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival">International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival</a> - The most prestigious and popular festival in Turkey. Each year participants are rewarded with the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Orange">Altın Portakal</a> for outstanding performances in categories such as best film, best director, and best actor/actress.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul International Film Festival">İstanbul Uluslararası Film Festivali</a> - First held in 1982, this annual film festival is one of the most important intellectual events in Turkey, often causing many cineastes living outside of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> to go there for vacation to see the most precious examples of world film history presented there.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_international_awards">Major international awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Major international awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear</a> in <a href="/wiki/14th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="14th Berlin International Film Festival">14th Berlin International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Dry_Summer" title="Dry Summer">Susuz Yaz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Leopard" title="Golden Leopard">Golden Leopard</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=1979_Locarno_International_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1979 Locarno International Film Festival (page does not exist)">1979 Locarno International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/The_Herd_(1978_film)" title="The Herd (1978 film)">The Herd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jury_Grand_Prix" class="mw-redirect" title="Jury Grand Prix">Jury Grand Prix</a> in <a href="/wiki/33rd_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="33rd Berlin International Film Festival">33rd Berlin International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/A_Season_in_Hakkari" title="A Season in Hakkari">A Season in Hakkari</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> in <a href="/wiki/1982_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1982 Cannes Film Festival">1982 Cannes Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Yol_(film)" title="Yol (film)">Yol</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Goblet_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film" title="Golden Goblet Award for Best Feature Film">Golden Goblet Award for Best Feature Film</a> in <a href="/wiki/1999_Shanghai_International_Film_Festival" title="1999 Shanghai International Film Festival">1999 Shanghai International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_(1999_film)" title="Propaganda (1999 film)">Propaganda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)">Grand Prix</a> in <a href="/wiki/2003_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2003 Cannes Film Festival">2003 Cannes Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Uzak" title="Uzak">Uzak</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear</a> in <a href="/wiki/54th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="54th Berlin International Film Festival">54th Berlin International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Head-On_(film)" title="Head-On (film)">Head-On</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Shell" title="Golden Shell">Golden Shell</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=2008_San_Sebasti%C3%A1n_International_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2008 San Sebastián International Film Festival (page does not exist)">2008 San Sebastián International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Pandora%27s_Box_(2008_film)" title="Pandora's Box (2008 film)">Pandora's Box</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Bear" title="Golden Bear">Golden Bear</a> in <a href="/wiki/60th_Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="60th Berlin International Film Festival">60th Berlin International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Honey_(2010_film)" title="Honey (2010 film)">Honey</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Cannes_Film_Festival)" title="Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)">Grand Prix</a> in <a href="/wiki/2011_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2011 Cannes Film Festival">2011 Cannes Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Anatolia" title="Once Upon a Time in Anatolia">Once Upon a Time in Anatolia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Goblet_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film" title="Golden Goblet Award for Best Feature Film">Golden Goblet Award for Best Feature Film</a> in <a href="/wiki/2011_Shanghai_International_Film_Festival" title="2011 Shanghai International Film Festival">2011 Shanghai International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Hayde_Bre" title="Hayde Bre">Hayde Bre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_des_Am%C3%A9riques_(film_award)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prix des Amériques (film award)">Grand Prix des Amériques</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=2012_Montreal_World_Film_Festival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2012 Montreal World Film Festival (page does not exist)">2012 Montreal World Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Where_the_Fire_Burns" title="Where the Fire Burns">Where the Fire Burns</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Golden_George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golden George (page does not exist)">Golden George</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Moscow International Film Festival">2013 Moscow International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Particle_(film)" title="Particle (film)">Particle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> in <a href="/wiki/2014_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2014 Cannes Film Festival">2014 Cannes Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Winter_Sleep_(film)" title="Winter Sleep (film)">Kış Uykusu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Jury_Prize_(Venice_Film_Festival)" title="Special Jury Prize (Venice Film Festival)">Special Jury Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/71st_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="71st Venice International Film Festival">71st Venice International Film Festival</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Sivas_(film)" title="Sivas (film)">Sivas</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cinema-related_organizations">Cinema-related organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cinema-related organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_schools">Film schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Film schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akdeniz_University" title="Akdeniz University">Akdeniz University</a> Faculty of Communication, Radio-TV-Cinema Department, Antalya</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anadolu_University" title="Anadolu University">Anadolu University</a> Cinema and TV Department, Eskişehir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara_University" title="Ankara University">Ankara University</a> Faculty of Communication, Department of Radio, Television and Film, Ankara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A7e%C5%9Fehir_University" title="Bahçeşehir University">Bahçeşehir University</a> Faculty of Communication, Department of Film and Television, İstanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beykent_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Beykent University">Beykent University</a> Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Cinema and TV, Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilkent_University" title="Bilkent University">Bilkent University</a> Communication and Design Department, Ankara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anakkale_Onsekiz_Mart_University" title="Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University">Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University</a> Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Cinema and Television, Çanakkale</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokuz_Eyl%C3%BCl_University" title="Dokuz Eylül University">Dokuz Eylül University</a> Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Film Design, İzmir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ege_University" title="Ege University">Ege University</a> Radio-TV-Cinema Department, İzmir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatasaray_University" title="Galatasaray University">Galatasaray University</a> Faculty of Communication, Radio-TV-Cinema Department, İstanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacettepe_University" title="Hacettepe University">Hacettepe University</a> Faculty of Communication, Department of Radio-TV and Cinema, Ankara</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Bilgi_University" title="Istanbul Bilgi University">Istanbul Bilgi University</a> Faculty of Communication, Film&TV Department, Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Medipol_University" title="Istanbul Medipol University">Istanbul Medipol University</a> Faculty of Communication, Radio-TV-Cinema Department, Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_University" title="Istanbul University">Istanbul University</a> Faculty of Communications, Department of Radio-TV and Cinema, Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir_University_of_Economics" title="İzmir University of Economics">İzmir University of Economics</a> Cinema and Digital Media Department, İzmir</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadir_Has_University" title="Kadir Has University">Kadir Has University</a> Radio-TV-Cinema Department, İstanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_University" title="Marmara University">Marmara University</a> Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Film Design, Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimar_Sinan_Fine_Arts_University" title="Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University">Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University</a> Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Cinema and Television, Istanbul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeditepe_University" title="Yeditepe University">Yeditepe University</a> Faculty of Communication, Radio-TV, Cinema Studies, Istanbul</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unions,_foundations,_professional_organisations"><span id="Unions.2C_foundations.2C_professional_organisations"></span>Unions, foundations, professional organisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Unions, foundations, professional organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Turkish Film Commissions ( Association of Turkish Film Commissions )</b></li> <li>FILM YON — Film Directors' Union</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiyab.org.tr/">FIYAB</a> — Film Producers' Professional Association</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="Istanbul Chamber of Commerce">İstanbul Ticaret Odası</a>, Film Makers' Professional Committee of Film Producers, Importers, Cinema Owners and Video Distributors.</li> <li>SESAM — Professional Union of Film Producers, Importers, Cinema-owners</li> <li>SINE-SEN — Turkish Cinema and Worker's Union</li> <li>SODER — Cinema Actors' Association</li> <li>ASSOCIATION OF FILM COMMISSIONS</li> <li>Mardin Film Office - is a not-to-profit organization aims to promote Mardin locally and internationally as a filming location and to contribute development of sustainable cinema culture in Mardin.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">Turkish television drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-distributors_uis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-distributors_uis_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx">the original</a> on 17 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+6%3A+Share+of+Top+3+distributors+%28Excel%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FReportFolders%2FreportFolders.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gdc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gdc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gdc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112105306/http://www.sinema.gov.tr/English/box-office.html">"Box-Office"</a>. General Directorate of Cinema. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sinematurk.com&rft.atitle=Ayastefanos%27taki+Rus+Abidesinin+Y%C4%B1k%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1+~+Sinematurk.com&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=Xhtml&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinematurk.com%2Ffilm%2F1915-ayastefanostaki-rus-abidesinin-yikilisi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabah.com.tr/yasam/altin-ayi-odulunu-alan-film-hangisidir-kpss-gy-gk-sinavinda-sorulan-susuz-yaz-hangi-odulu-aldi-kimin-eseridir-6097192">"Altın Ayı ödülünü alan film hangisidir? KPSS GY-GK sınavında sorulan Susuz Yaz hangi ödülü aldı, kimin eseridir?"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alt%C4%B1n+Ay%C4%B1+%C3%B6d%C3%BCl%C3%BCn%C3%BC+alan+film+hangisidir%3F+KPSS+GY-GK+s%C4%B1nav%C4%B1nda+sorulan+Susuz+Yaz+hangi+%C3%B6d%C3%BCl%C3%BC+ald%C4%B1%2C+kimin+eseridir%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabah.com.tr%2Fyasam%2Faltin-ayi-odulunu-alan-film-hangisidir-kpss-gy-gk-sinavinda-sorulan-susuz-yaz-hangi-odulu-aldi-kimin-eseridir-6097192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aksam.com.tr/magazin/kurulus-osmanin-yildiz-burak-ozcivitten-duygulandiran-kartal-tibet-paylasimi/haber-1186065">"Burak Özçivit'ten duygulandıran Kartal Tibet paylaşımı"</a>. 2 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Burak+%C3%96z%C3%A7ivit%27ten+duyguland%C4%B1ran+Kartal+Tibet+payla%C5%9F%C4%B1m%C4%B1&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aksam.com.tr%2Fmagazin%2Fkurulus-osmanin-yildiz-burak-ozcivitten-duygulandiran-kartal-tibet-paylasimi%2Fhaber-1186065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/galeri-kartal-tibet-kimdir-kartal-tibetin-yasam-oykusu-41844613/6">"Kartal Tibet....Çizgi kahramanlardan salon beyefendilerine: Gerçek adını hiç gizlemedi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kartal+Tibet....%C3%87izgi+kahramanlardan+salon+beyefendilerine%3A+Ger%C3%A7ek+ad%C4%B1n%C4%B1+hi%C3%A7+gizlemedi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fgaleri-kartal-tibet-kimdir-kartal-tibetin-yasam-oykusu-41844613%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://haber.sol.org.tr/kultur-sanat/hulya-kocyigit-sasirtmadi-kemal-sunalin-36-filmini-tekeline-aldi-246736">https://haber.sol.org.tr/kultur-sanat/hulya-kocyigit-sasirtmadi-kemal-sunalin-36-filmini-tekeline-aldi-246736</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkser2018" class="citation book cs1">Akser, Murat (2018). <i>"Locating Turkish Cinema: Traditional Eastern Aesthetics to Western Modernity" in The Palgrave Handbook of Asian Cinema (Edited by Aaron Han Joon Magnan-Park)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aregem.ktb.gov.tr&rft.atitle=Geleneksel+T%C3%BCrk+Tiyatrosu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faregem.ktb.gov.tr%2FTR-12743%2Fgeleneksel-turk-tiyatrosu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gunebakis.com.tr/foto/15485901/bunlarin-trabzonda-olduguna-inanmayacaksiniz-iste-birbirinden-ilginc-gorseller">"Bunların Trabzon'da olduğuna İnanmayacaksınız! İşte birbirinden İlginç Görseller"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bunlar%C4%B1n+Trabzon%27da+oldu%C4%9Funa+%C4%B0nanmayacaks%C4%B1n%C4%B1z%21+%C4%B0%C5%9Fte+birbirinden+%C4%B0lgin%C3%A7+G%C3%B6rseller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunebakis.com.tr%2Ffoto%2F15485901%2Fbunlarin-trabzonda-olduguna-inanmayacaksiniz-iste-birbirinden-ilginc-gorseller&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aksam.com.tr/sinema/turk-sinemasinin-en-iyi-kara-mizah-orneklerinden-olusan-10-unutulmaz-film/haber-1382846">"Türk sinemasının en iyi kara mizah örneklerinden oluşan 10 unutulmaz film"</a>. <i>aksam.com.tr</i> (in Turkish). 18 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aksam.com.tr&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrk+sinemas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+en+iyi+kara+mizah+%C3%B6rneklerinden+olu%C5%9Fan+10+unutulmaz+film&rft.date=2023-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aksam.com.tr%2Fsinema%2Fturk-sinemasinin-en-iyi-kara-mizah-orneklerinden-olusan-10-unutulmaz-film%2Fhaber-1382846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/n-life/kultur-ve-sanat/yesilcamin-turist-omeri-sadri-alisik-98-yasinda,QMJjZnP-mk6pKfQ_fNdJUg">"Yeşilçam'ın "Turist Ömer"i Sadri Alışık 98 yaşında"</a>. <i>www.ntv.com.tr</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ntv.com.tr&rft.atitle=Ye%C5%9Fil%C3%A7am%27%C4%B1n+%22Turist+%C3%96mer%22i+Sadri+Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k+98+ya%C5%9F%C4%B1nda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntv.com.tr%2Fgaleri%2Fn-life%2Fkultur-ve-sanat%2Fyesilcamin-turist-omeri-sadri-alisik-98-yasinda%2CQMJjZnP-mk6pKfQ_fNdJUg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cultureslate.com/editorials/a-tourist-on-the-enterprise-the-turkish-spoof-of-star-trek">"A Tourist on the Enterprise: The Turkish Spoof of Star Trek"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Tourist+on+the+Enterprise%3A+The+Turkish+Spoof+of+Star+Trek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cultureslate.com%2Feditorials%2Fa-tourist-on-the-enterprise-the-turkish-spoof-of-star-trek&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAydınlık2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aydınlık (16 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aydinlik.com.tr/haber/munir-ozkul-adile-nasit-kemal-sunal-aysen-gruda-ve-sener-senin-oynadigi-hababam-sinifi-tatilde-filminin-oyuncularindan-filiz-kutlarin-son-hali-sasirtti-411825">"Hababam Sınıfı'nın yıldızının son hali görenleri şaşırttı!"</a> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hababam+S%C4%B1n%C4%B1f%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n+y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1z%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+son+hali+g%C3%B6renleri+%C5%9Fa%C5%9F%C4%B1rtt%C4%B1%21&rft.date=2023-08-16&rft.au=Ayd%C4%B1nl%C4%B1k&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aydinlik.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fmunir-ozkul-adile-nasit-kemal-sunal-aysen-gruda-ve-sener-senin-oynadigi-hababam-sinifi-tatilde-filminin-oyuncularindan-filiz-kutlarin-son-hali-sasirtti-411825&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErkün2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Erkün, Egehan (11 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tele1.com.tr/ali-sunal-babasi-kemal-sunal-icin-acilan-telif-davasiyla-ilgili-konustu-968338/">"Ali Sunal babası Kemal Sunal için açılan telif davasıyla ilgili konuştu!"</a>. <i>Tele1</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tele1&rft.atitle=Ali+Sunal+babas%C4%B1+Kemal+Sunal+i%C3%A7in+a%C3%A7%C4%B1lan+telif+davas%C4%B1yla+ilgili+konu%C5%9Ftu%21&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft.aulast=Erk%C3%BCn&rft.aufirst=Egehan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftele1.com.tr%2Fali-sunal-babasi-kemal-sunal-icin-acilan-telif-davasiyla-ilgili-konustu-968338%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalage.com.tr/brand-week-istanbulun-onur-konugu-sener-sen/">"Brand Week Istanbul'un onur konuğu Şener Şen - Digital Age"</a> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brand+Week+Istanbul%27un+onur+konu%C4%9Fu+%C5%9Eener+%C5%9Een+-+Digital+Age&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalage.com.tr%2Fbrand-week-istanbulun-onur-konugu-sener-sen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntv.com.tr/n-life/kultur-ve-sanat/turk-sinemasinin-guduk-necmisi-halit-akcatepe-vefatinin-6-yilinda-aniliyor,zEUFhlJVxkWVBMwzSAlH1Q">"Türk sinemasının 'Güdük Necmi'si Halit Akçatepe vefatının 6. yılında anılıyor"</a>. <i>www.ntv.com.tr</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ntv.com.tr&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrk+sinemas%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+%27G%C3%BCd%C3%BCk+Necmi%27si+Halit+Ak%C3%A7atepe+vefat%C4%B1n%C4%B1n+6.+y%C4%B1l%C4%B1nda+an%C4%B1l%C4%B1yor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntv.com.tr%2Fn-life%2Fkultur-ve-sanat%2Fturk-sinemasinin-guduk-necmisi-halit-akcatepe-vefatinin-6-yilinda-aniliyor%2CzEUFhlJVxkWVBMwzSAlH1Q&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milliyet.com.tr/molatik/sanat/adile-nasit-kimdir-adile-nasit-gencligi-ve-hayati-80320">"Adile Naşit kimdir? Adile Naşit gençliği ve hayatı"</a>. <i>Milliyet</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Adile+Na%C5%9Fit+kimdir%3F+Adile+Na%C5%9Fit+gen%C3%A7li%C4%9Fi+ve+hayat%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2Fmolatik%2Fsanat%2Fadile-nasit-kimdir-adile-nasit-gencligi-ve-hayati-80320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medyaege.com.tr/girgiriye-izmirde-228623h.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Gırgıriye' İzmir'de!"</a>. <i>Medya Ege</i> (in Turkish). 23 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medya+Ege&rft.atitle=%27G%C4%B1rg%C4%B1riye%27+%C4%B0zmir%27de%21&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medyaege.com.tr%2Fgirgiriye-izmirde-228623h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haber7.com/biyografi/haber/3204749-metin-akpinar-kimdir-ve-nerelidir-kac-yasinda-metin-akpinar-esi">"Metin Akpınar kimdir ve nerelidir? Kaç yaşında? Metin Akpınar eşi..."</a> <i>Haber7</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haber7&rft.atitle=Metin+Akp%C4%B1nar+kimdir+ve+nerelidir%3F+Ka%C3%A7+ya%C5%9F%C4%B1nda%3F+Metin+Akp%C4%B1nar+e%C5%9Fi...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haber7.com%2Fbiyografi%2Fhaber%2F3204749-metin-akpinar-kimdir-ve-nerelidir-kac-yasinda-metin-akpinar-esi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntv.com.tr/n-life/kultur-ve-sanat/olacak-o-kadar-ile-24-yil-ekranlarda-kalan-mizah-ustasi-levent-kirca,aHZ1wPuVGk2y0PNmoFP4-g">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Olacak O Kadar' ile 24 yıl ekranlarda kalan mizah ustası: Levent Kırca"</a>. <i>www.ntv.com.tr</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ntv.com.tr&rft.atitle=%27Olacak+O+Kadar%27+ile+24+y%C4%B1l+ekranlarda+kalan+mizah+ustas%C4%B1%3A+Levent+K%C4%B1rca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntv.com.tr%2Fn-life%2Fkultur-ve-sanat%2Folacak-o-kadar-ile-24-yil-ekranlarda-kalan-mizah-ustasi-levent-kirca%2CaHZ1wPuVGk2y0PNmoFP4-g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/bir-demet-tiyatro-hangi-yillar-arasinda-yayinlandi-bir-demet-tiyatro-karakterleri-ve-oyunculari-6113016">"Bir Demet Tiyatro hangi yıllar arasında yayınlandı! Bir Demet Tiyatro karakterleri ve oyuncuları"</a>. <i>Milliyet</i> (in Turkish). 31 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Bir+Demet+Tiyatro+hangi+y%C4%B1llar+aras%C4%B1nda+yay%C4%B1nland%C4%B1%21+Bir+Demet+Tiyatro+karakterleri+ve+oyuncular%C4%B1&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2Fgundem%2Fbir-demet-tiyatro-hangi-yillar-arasinda-yayinlandi-bir-demet-tiyatro-karakterleri-ve-oyunculari-6113016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haberturk.com/magazin/fiskos/haber/1246792-ali-sunal-koltugunu-kiz-kardesi-ezo-sunala-devretti">"Ali Sunal, koltuğunu kız kardeşi Ezo Sunal'a devretti"</a>. <i>Habertürk</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Habert%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=Ali+Sunal%2C+koltu%C4%9Funu+k%C4%B1z+karde%C5%9Fi+Ezo+Sunal%27a+devretti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberturk.com%2Fmagazin%2Ffiskos%2Fhaber%2F1246792-ali-sunal-koltugunu-kiz-kardesi-ezo-sunala-devretti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.milliyet.com.tr/cadde/tolga-cevik-aska-inanmiyorum-6941659">"Haberler.. Cem Yılmaz'ın kardeşi Özge Yılmaz'ın eşi Tolga Çevik evliliğini anlattı"</a>. <i>Milliyet</i> (in Turkish). 5 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Haberler..+Cem+Y%C4%B1lmaz%27%C4%B1n+karde%C5%9Fi+%C3%96zge+Y%C4%B1lmaz%27%C4%B1n+e%C5%9Fi+Tolga+%C3%87evik+evlili%C4%9Fini+anlatt%C4%B1&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2Fcadde%2Ftolga-cevik-aska-inanmiyorum-6941659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntv.com.tr/yasam/kerem-alisiki-aglatan-sahne,vECPQe0lJUOV5z4bukbIng">"Kerem Alışık'ı ağlatan sahne"</a>. <i>www.ntv.com.tr</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ntv.com.tr&rft.atitle=Kerem+Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k%27%C4%B1+a%C4%9Flatan+sahne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntv.com.tr%2Fyasam%2Fkerem-alisiki-aglatan-sahne%2CvECPQe0lJUOV5z4bukbIng&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr/ata-demirerin-bursa-bulbulu-filminde-usta-sanatci-metin-akpinari-taklit-ettigi-sahne-olay-oldu-619006h.htm">"Ata Demirer'in Bursa Bülbülü filminde, usta sanatçı Metin Akpınar'ı taklit ettiği sahne olay oldu"</a>. <i>Yeniçağ Gazetesi</i> (in Turkish). 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yeni%C3%A7a%C4%9F+Gazetesi&rft.atitle=Ata+Demirer%27in+Bursa+B%C3%BClb%C3%BCl%C3%BC+filminde%2C+usta+sanat%C3%A7%C4%B1+Metin+Akp%C4%B1nar%27%C4%B1+taklit+etti%C4%9Fi+sahne+olay+oldu.&rft.date=2023-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yenicaggazetesi.com.tr%2Fata-demirerin-bursa-bulbulu-filminde-usta-sanatci-metin-akpinari-taklit-ettigi-sahne-olay-oldu-619006h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aksam.com.tr/magazin/gulse-birsel-ve-gupse-ozayin-yolunda-eda-ece-komedi-dizisi-yazdi/haber-1172905">"Gülse Birsel ve Gupse Özay'ın yolunda... Eda Ece komedi dizisi yazdı"</a>. <i>aksam.com.tr</i> (in Turkish). 10 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aksam.com.tr&rft.atitle=G%C3%BClse+Birsel+ve+Gupse+%C3%96zay%27%C4%B1n+yolunda...+Eda+Ece+komedi+dizisi+yazd%C4%B1&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aksam.com.tr%2Fmagazin%2Fgulse-birsel-ve-gupse-ozayin-yolunda-eda-ece-komedi-dizisi-yazdi%2Fhaber-1172905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntv.com.tr/galeri/sanat/aysen-grudanin-unutulmaz-filmleri,q94ijzY910-iQMFmMV9MwQ">"Ayşen Gruda'nın unutulmaz filmleri"</a>. <i>www.ntv.com.tr</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ntv.com.tr&rft.atitle=Ay%C5%9Fen+Gruda%27n%C4%B1n+unutulmaz+filmleri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntv.com.tr%2Fgaleri%2Fsanat%2Faysen-grudanin-unutulmaz-filmleri%2Cq94ijzY910-iQMFmMV9MwQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/televizyon/adile-nasitin-hayati-film-oluyor-hem-guldurup-hem-aglatacagiz-42367185">"Adile Naşit'in hayatı film oluyor... Hem güldürüp hem ağlatacağız"</a>. <i>www.hurriyet.com.tr</i> (in Turkish). 26 November 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Nerede doğdu? Kaç yaşında? Hangi dizi ve programları yönetti? İşte Birol Güven'in hayatı ve özgeçmişi"</a>. <i>En Kocaeli</i> (in Turkish). 29 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=En+Kocaeli&rft.atitle=Birol+G%C3%BCven+kimdir%3F+Nerede+do%C4%9Fdu%3F+Ka%C3%A7+ya%C5%9F%C4%B1nda%3F+Hangi+dizi+ve+programlar%C4%B1+y%C3%B6netti%3F+%C4%B0%C5%9Fte+Birol+G%C3%BCven%27in+hayat%C4%B1+ve+%C3%B6zge%C3%A7mi%C5%9Fi&rft.date=2023-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enkocaeli.com%2Fhaber%2F16774214%2Fbirol-guven-kimdir-nerede-dogdu-kac-yasinda-hangi-dizi-ve-programlari-yonetti-iste-birol-guvenin-hayati-ve-ozgecmisi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haberturk.com/magazin/ozel-roportajlar/haber/1455363-selcuk-aydemir-yasadiklarimi-yazdim-kimse-inanmadi">"Selçuk Aydemir: Yaşadıklarımı yazdım kimse inanmadı"</a>. <i>Habertürk</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Habert%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=Sel%C3%A7uk+Aydemir%3A+Ya%C5%9Fad%C4%B1klar%C4%B1m%C4%B1+yazd%C4%B1m+kimse+inanmad%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberturk.com%2Fmagazin%2Fozel-roportajlar%2Fhaber%2F1455363-selcuk-aydemir-yasadiklarimi-yazdim-kimse-inanmadi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sabah.com.tr/cumartesi/2016/12/03/komedinin-yeni-kardesleri">"Komedinin yeni kardeşleri"</a>. <i>Sabah</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Baba Parası filmi oyuncuları kimler, konusu nedir?"</a>. <i>Sabah</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=Baba+Paras%C4%B1+filmi+bu+ak%C5%9Fam+TV%27de%21+Baba+Paras%C4%B1+filmi+oyuncular%C4%B1+kimler%2C+konusu+nedir%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabah.com.tr%2Ffotohaber%2Fyasam%2Fbaba-parasi-oyunculari-kimler-konusu-nedir-baba-parasi-filmi-bu-aksam-tvde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t24.com.tr/video/leyla-ile-mecnun-ekranlara-veda-etti-ben-bu-oyunu-denedim-ama-bozamadim,53168">"Leyla ile Mecnun ekranlara veda etti: Ben bu oyunu denedim, ama bozamadım!"</a>. <i>T24</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sabah&rft.atitle=Oyuncu+Zeynep+%C3%87amc%C4%B1%3A+Ben+de+k%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCkken+tek+ka%C5%9Fl%C4%B1yd%C4%B1m&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabah.com.tr%2Fgaleri%2Fkadin%2Foyuncu-zeynep-camci-ben-de-kucukken-tek-kasliydim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/kartal-tibet-son-yolculuguna-ugurlandi-haber-1527458">"Kartal Tibet son yolculuğuna uğurlandı"</a>. <i>Gazete Duvar</i>. 7 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazete+Duvar&rft.atitle=Kartal+Tibet+son+yolculu%C4%9Funa+u%C4%9Furland%C4%B1&rft.date=2021-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeteduvar.com.tr%2Fkartal-tibet-son-yolculuguna-ugurlandi-haber-1527458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnturk.com/yasam/sadri-alisik-ayhan-isik-onlarinki-bitmeyen-dostluk">"Sadri Alışık- Ayhan Işık: Onlarınki bitmeyen dostluk"</a>. <i>CNN TÜRK</i>. 18 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+T%C3%9CRK&rft.atitle=Sadri+Al%C4%B1%C5%9F%C4%B1k-+Ayhan+I%C5%9F%C4%B1k%3A+Onlar%C4%B1nki+bitmeyen+dostluk&rft.date=2018-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnturk.com%2Fyasam%2Fsadri-alisik-ayhan-isik-onlarinki-bitmeyen-dostluk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerkan_Şavk2023" class="citation journal cs1">Serkan Şavk (2023). "The Growth of the Turkish Film Industry and the Death of Suphi Kaner: Articulating a Star's Suicide to the History of Labour in Cinema". <i><a href="/wiki/Historical_Journal_of_Film,_Radio_and_Television" title="Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television">Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television</a></i>. <b>44</b>: 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01439685.2023.2256126">10.1080/01439685.2023.2256126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Journal+of+Film%2C+Radio+and+Television&rft.atitle=The+Growth+of+the+Turkish+Film+Industry+and+the+Death+of+Suphi+Kaner%3A+Articulating+a+Star%27s+Suicide+to+the+History+of+Labour+in+Cinema&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01439685.2023.2256126&rft.au=Serkan+%C5%9Eavk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yetkin, Çetin (1970) <i>Siyasal İktidar Sanata Karşı</i>, Ankara: Bilgi Yayınları.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/kisafilmler/kefaret.html">"Ali Kışlar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830145851/http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/kisafilmler/kefaret.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ali+K%C4%B1%C5%9Flar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kameraarkasi.org%2Fyonetmenler%2Fkisafilmler%2Fkefaret.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blutv.com/filmler/yerli/kronos">"Kronos İzle - BluTV"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322162406/https://www.blutv.com/int/filmler/yerli/kronos">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kronos+%C4%B0zle+-+BluTV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blutv.com%2Ffilmler%2Fyerli%2Fkronos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://filmhafizasi.com/lutfi-2016/">"Lütfi (2016) - Drama, Kısa Filmler"</a>. 9 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830145900/https://filmhafizasi.com/lutfi-2016/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%C3%BCtfi+%282016%29+-+Drama%2C+K%C4%B1sa+Filmler&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffilmhafizasi.com%2Flutfi-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/ercanbayraktar.html">"Ercan Bayraktar"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830145852/http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/ercanbayraktar.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ercan+Bayraktar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kameraarkasi.org%2Fyonetmenler%2Fercanbayraktar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/mustafagurbuz.html">"Mustafa Gürbüz"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830145851/http://www.kameraarkasi.org/yonetmenler/mustafagurbuz.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mustafa+G%C3%BCrb%C3%BCz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kameraarkasi.org%2Fyonetmenler%2Fmustafagurbuz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lightsonfilm.com/thecriminals.html">"Serhat Karaaslan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726105031/https://www.lightsonfilm.com/thecriminals.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Serhat+Karaaslan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lightsonfilm.com%2Fthecriminals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-66967357">"Altın Portakal Film Festivali iptal edildi: Kanun Hükmü belgeseli neden tartışma yarattı?"</a>. <i>BBC News Türkçe</i> (in Turkish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7e&rft.atitle=Alt%C4%B1n+Portakal+Film+Festivali+iptal+edildi%3A+Kanun+H%C3%BCkm%C3%BC+belgeseli+neden+tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma+yaratt%C4%B1%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fturkce%2Fhaberler-turkiye-66967357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Turkey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinemalar.com/">Source for further information on Turkish movies and artists</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Turkish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinematurk.com/">SinemaTurk</a> A database of Turkish films, TV series and artists.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turkeyswar.com/homefront/turkish-cinema/">Turkish Cinema</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turkeyswar.com">Turkey in the First World War</a> web site.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Turkey&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Savaş Arslan: <i>Cinema in Turkey: A New Critical History</i>, Oxford University Press, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537006-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-537006-5">978-0-19-537006-5</a></li> <li>Gönül Dönmez-Colin: <i>Turkish Cinema: Identity, Distance and Belonging</i>, Reaktion Books, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86189-370-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-86189-370-1">1-86189-370-1</a></li> <li>Ekkehard Ellinger ; Kerem Kayi: <i>Turkish cinema 1970–2007 : a bibliography and analysis</i>, Frankfurt am Main [etc.]: Peter Lang, 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-56654-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-56654-1">978-3-631-56654-1</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Cinema_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Template:Cinema of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Cinema of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cinema_of_Turkey" 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href="/wiki/File:Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg/40px-Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg/60px-Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg/80px-Turkey_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_film_actors" title="Category:Turkish film actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_film_awards" title="Category:Turkish film awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_film_directors" title="Category:Turkish film directors">Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_cinematographers" title="Category:Turkish cinematographers">Cinematographers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_film_editors" title="Category:Turkish film editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_festivals_in_Turkey" title="Category:Film festivals in Turkey">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_film_producers" title="Category:Turkish film producers">Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_production_companies_of_Turkey" title="Category:Film production companies of Turkey">Production companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_film_score_composers" title="Category:Turkish film score composers">Score composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkish_screenwriters" title="Category:Turkish screenwriters">Screenwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Turkish films">Turkish films by year</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Turkish_films_by_decade" title="Category:Lists of Turkish films by decade">category</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_films_(alphabetical)" title="List of Turkish films (alphabetical)">A–Z of Turkish films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turksploitation" title="Turksploitation">Turksploitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films:_Pre_1930" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films: Pre 1930">Pre-1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1930s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1930s">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1940s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1940s">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1950s">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1960s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1960s">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1970s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1980s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_1990s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_2000s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_films_of_the_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish films of the 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_cinema" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkey_topics" title="Template talk:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkey_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkey topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Ancient and Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Anatolia" title="Prehistory of Anatolia">Prehistory of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Anatolia" title="Classical Anatolia">Classical Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Byzantine Anatolia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty" title="Seljuk dynasty">Seljuks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Beyliks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seljuk_Empire" title="Seljuk Empire">Seljuk Empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manzikert" title="Battle of Manzikert">Battle of Manzikert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum" title="Sultanate of Rum">Sultanate of Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_beyliks" title="Anatolian beyliks">Anatolian beyliks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Conquest of Constantinople</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Ottoman Old Regime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulip_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulip period">Tulip era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Decline and modernization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Constitutional_Era" title="First Constitutional Era">First Constitutional Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Era" title="Second Constitutional Era">Second Constitutional Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire">Dissolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">Partition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="History of the Republic of Turkey">Republic of Türkiye</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey">Proclamation of the republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk%27s_reforms" title="Atatürk's reforms">Atatürk's reforms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language_reform" title="Turkish language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Turkey" title="Secularism in Turkey">Secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="One-party period of the Republic of Turkey">One-party period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-party_period_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey" title="Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey">Multi-party period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional history of Turkey">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Turkey" title="Economic history of Turkey">Economic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Economic history of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Turkey" title="Military history of Turkey">Military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_migration" title="Turkic migration">Turkic migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkification" title="Turkification">Turkification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_peoples_of_Anatolia" title="List of ancient peoples of Anatolia">Ancient peoples of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Anatolia" title="History of Anatolia">History of Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Thrace">History of Thrace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_regions_of_Turkey" title="Geographical regions of Turkey">Regions</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(west to east)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmara_region" title="Marmara region">Marmara region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_region" title="Aegean region">Aegean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_region" title="Black Sea region">Black Sea region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_region" title="Central Anatolia region">Central Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_region" title="Eastern Anatolia region">Eastern Anatolia region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Anatolia_region" title="Southeastern Anatolia region">Southeastern Anatolia region</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Turkey" title="Climate change in Turkey">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Turkey" title="List of earthquakes in Turkey">Earthquakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Anatolian_Fault" title="East Anatolian Fault">East Anatolian Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Anatolian_Fault" title="North Anatolian Fault">North Anatolian Fault</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Turkey" title="Environmental issues in Turkey">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Turkey" title="Air pollution in Turkey">Air pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Turkey" title="Waste management in Turkey">Waste management</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Turkey" title="Fauna of Turkey">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_vegetation_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora and vegetation of Turkey">Flora and vegetation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Turkey" title="Geology of Turkey">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Turkey" title="List of lakes of Turkey">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Turkey" title="List of mountains in Turkey">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Turkey" title="List of national parks of Turkey">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Turkey" title="List of rivers of Turkey">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Riviera" title="Turkish Riviera">Turkish Riviera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Turkey" title="Wildlife of Turkey">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey" title="Grand National Assembly of Turkey">Legislative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">Executive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey" title="Cabinet of Turkey">Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Turkey" title="Judicial system of Turkey">Judicial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey" title="Constitutional Court of Turkey">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)" title="Court of Cassation (Turkey)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Jurisdictional_Disputes" title="Court of Jurisdictional Disputes">Court of Jurisdictional Disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)" title="Council of State (Turkey)">Council of State</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Turkey" title="Politics of Turkey">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Turkey" title="Elections in Turkey">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_elections_in_Turkey" title="Parliamentary elections in Turkey">Parliamentary elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_presidential_elections" title="Turkish presidential elections">Presidential elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Turkey" title="Electoral system of Turkey">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Turkey" title="List of political parties in Turkey">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Turkey" title="Referendums in Turkey">Referendums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Turkey" title="Administrative divisions of Turkey">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Turkey" title="Foreign relations of Turkey">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization" title="National Intelligence Organization">Intelligence Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)">Ministry of the Interior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)" title="General Directorate of Security (Turkey)">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_General_Command" title="Gendarmerie General Command">Gendarmerie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey" title="Constitution of Turkey">The constitutional system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Air_Force" title="Turkish Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Land_Forces" title="Turkish Land Forces">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Turkey" title="Economy of Turkey">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Turkey" title="Banking in Turkey">Banking and Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_construction_and_contracting_industry" title="Turkish construction and contracting industry">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_lira" title="Turkish lira">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defense_industry_of_Turkey" title="Defense industry of Turkey">Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Turkey" title="Energy in Turkey">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_Turkey" title="Coal in Turkey">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_in_Turkey" title="Gas in Turkey">Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_in_Turkey" title="Oil in Turkey">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Turkey" title="Renewable energy in Turkey">Renewables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Turkey" title="Free trade agreements of Turkey">Free trade agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Turkey" title="Science and technology in Turkey">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Turkey" title="Transport in Turkey">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_Turkey" title="Aviation in Turkey">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Airlines" title="Turkish Airlines">Turkish Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Turkey" title="Rail transport in Turkey">Railways</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Ethnic Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey" title="Minorities in Turkey">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Turkey" title="Languages of Turkey">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish language</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Turkey" title="Islam in Turkey">Islam in Turkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_and_towns_in_Turkey" title="List of largest cities and towns in Turkey">Cities and towns</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Turkey" title="Immigration to Turkey">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_provinces_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Turkish provinces by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Turkey" title="Education in Turkey">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Turkey" title="List of universities in Turkey">Universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Turkey" title="Health care in Turkey">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Turkey">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_people" title="List of Turkish people">Individuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Turkey" title="Law enforcement in Turkey">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Turkey" title="Crime in Turkey">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Turkey" title="Corruption in Turkey">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Turkey" title="Terrorism in Turkey">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Turkey" title="Marriage in Turkey">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Turkey" title="Poverty in Turkey">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Turkey" title="Women in Turkey">Women in Turkey</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Culture" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em;font-weight: normal"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey" title="Culture of Turkey">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stiklal_Mar%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="İstiklal Marşı">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Turkey" title="Architecture of Turkey">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_Seljuk_architecture" title="Anatolian Seljuk architecture">Seljuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_architecture" title="Ottoman architecture">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_art" title="Turkish art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rug" title="Anatolian rug">Carpet</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine" title="Ottoman cuisine">Ottoman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Turkey" title="List of festivals in Turkey">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folk_dance" title="Turkish folk dance">Folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_folklore" title="Turkish folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_illumination" title="Ottoman illumination">Illumination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Turkey" title="List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Turkey">Intangible cultural heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Turkey" title="Mass media in Turkey">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Turkey" title="Television in Turkey">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Turkey" title="List of newspapers in Turkey">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Turkey" title="List of radio stations in Turkey">Radio stations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_miniature" title="Ottoman miniature">Miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Turkey" title="Music of Turkey">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_name" title="Turkish name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Modern_Turkish_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Modern Turkish painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznik_pottery" title="Iznik pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Turkey" title="Sport in Turkey">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Turkey" title="Football in Turkey">Football</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Turkey" title="Theatre of Turkey">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_television_drama" title="Turkish television drama">TV series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Turkey" title="Video games in Turkey">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_wine" title="Turkish wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Turkey" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Turkey">World heritage sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Turkey" title="Portal:Turkey">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Turkey" title="Category:Turkey">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turkey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Turkey">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Project page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Turkey" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Turkey">WikiProject</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Turkey" title="Outline of Turkey">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malta" title="Cinema of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Cinema of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Myanmar" title="Cinema of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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